View source for Unión General de Trabajadores

{{Short description|Spanish trade union}}
{{For|the Argentine union|General Workers' Union (Argentina)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{more footnotes|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox union
| name                = UGT
| location_country    = Spain
| affiliation         = 
| members             = 960,000 members (2017).<br />86,530 union representatives.<ref>[https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/3252805/0/sindicatos-recuperan-afiliados-tras-crisis/ Los sindicatos recuperan afiliados por segundo año consecutivo tras la crisis]. 20 Minutos, 04/02/2018.</ref>
| leader_title        = Founder
| leader_name         = [[Pablo Iglesias Posse]]
| full_name           = Workers' General Union
| native_name         = Unión General de Trabajadores
| native_name_lang = es
| image               = Logo de UGT (2021).svg
| founded             = 12 August 1888<br>({{age in years|1888|8|12}})
| dissolved           = 
| merged              = 
| headquarters        = [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]
| key_people          = [[Pepe Álvarez]], general secretary
| affiliations        = [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]]<br />[[International Trade Union Confederation]]<br />[[European Trade Union Confederation]]
| website             = [http://www.ugt.es/ www.ugt.es]
| footnotes           = 
}}
The '''Unión General de Trabajadores''' ('''UGT''', '''General Union of Workers''') is a major Spanish trade union, historically affiliated with the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE).

== History ==
The UGT was founded 12 August 1888 by [[Pablo Iglesias Posse]] in [[Mataró]] ([[Barcelona]]), with [[Marxism|Marxist]] socialism as its ideological basis, despite its statutory apolitical status. Until its nineteenth Congress in 1920, it did not consider [[class struggle]] as a basic [[principle]] of trade union action. The UGT was closely associated with the PSOE.

During the [[World War I]] era, the UGT followed a tactical line of close relationships and unity of action with the [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo]] (CNT, National Labour Confederation). The UGT grew rapidly after 1917, and by 1920 had 200,000 members.<ref>Casanova, Julián. 'Terror and Violence: The Dark Face of Spanish Anarchism' in ''International Labour and Working-Class History'', 67 (Spring 2005), pp. 79–99 [88].</ref> This era came to a sudden end with the advent of the dictatorship of [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]], who gave a legal monopoly on labor organizing to his own government-sponsored union, the [[Patriotic Union (Spain)|Patriotic Union]]. While the CNT opted for a radical confrontation with the regime and were prohibited on this account, the UGT, although in disagreement with the dictatorship, adopted a collaborative attitude in order to continue to operate legally. The UGT grew from 277,011 in December 1930, to 958,451 in December 1931, to 1,041,539 in June 1932. Much of this growth occurred in its land workers' federation, the ''Federación Nacional de Trabajadores de la Tierra'' (FNTT), which grew from 36,639 in June 1930 to 392,953 in June 1932, raising the proportion of land workers in the UGT from 13 percent to 37 percent.<ref>Preston, Paul. ''The Coming of the Spanish Civil War: Reform, Reaction and Revolution in the Spanish Second Republic.'' Routledge. New York. 1994. p. 78. {{ISBN?}}</ref> The influx of these workers (''jornaleros'') caused the union's radicalisation, and the bloody breakout of the [[Spanish Civil War]] deepened the internal fissures that resulted in the departure of [[Largo Caballero]] from the position of UGT secretary general in 1937.

General [[Francisco Franco]] confined the UGT to exile and clandestinity after his victory in the Spanish Civil War until his death in 1975. The Union emerged from secrecy during the democratic transition after Franco's death, as did the [[communist]] [[CCOO|Workers' Commissions]] (Comisiones Obreras, CCOO). The UGT and CCOO, between them, constitute the major avenues for workers' representation in modern Spain, with the [[anarcho-syndicalism|anarcho-syndicalist]] [[Confederacion General del Trabajo de España|Confederación General del Trabajo]] (CGT) a distant third.

== Objectives ==
The UGT declares itself to be an institution of productive workers, organized along lines of trades and liberal professions, which respects [[freedom of thought]], leading toward the transformation of the society, in order to establish it on the basis of [[social justice]], [[social equality|equality]] and [[social solidarity|solidarity]].

== Federations and foundations ==
===Current affiliates===
[[File:UGT building in Madrid.jpg|thumb|UGT headquarters ([[Madrid]]).]]
[[File:UGT avila.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Local UGT office, [[Ávila, Spain|Ávila]], Spain]]
[[File:Sedeugt.png|thumb|250px|Local UGT office, [[Corunna]].]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Union !! Abbreviation !! Founded
|-
| Federation of Industry, Construction and Agriculture || FICA || 2016
|-
| Federation of Public Service Employees || FeSP || 2016
|-
| Federation of Services, Mobility and Consumption || FeSMC || 2016
|-
| Pensioners' Union || UJP || 1978
|-
| Professionals and Autonomous Workers' Union || UPTA ||
|-
| Small Farmers' Union || UPA || 1982
|}

The Unión de Trabajadores por Cuenta Propia (UTCP, Union of Self-Employed Workers) is not an organism of UGT. It is a bottom-up association, formed by the farmers' union UPA and the professional and autonomous workers' union, UPTA, who united in this manner to enhance their representation inside the Union and to form a united front on factional issues where they have common interests.
===Former affiliates===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Union !! Abbreviation !! Founded !! Left !! Reason left !! Membership (1981) !! Membership (1994)
|-
| Federation of Agriculture and Food Processing || FTA || 2001 || 2011 || Merged into FITAG || ''N/A'' || ''N/A''
|-
| Federation of Commerce || || 1974 || 1993 || Merged into FECHTJ || 6,552 || ''N/A''
|-
| Federation of Commerce, Catering-Tourism and Games || FECHTJ || 1993 || 2014 || Merged into SMC || ''N/A'' || 51,011
|-
| Federation of Communication, Shows and Various Trades || CEOV || || 1993 || Merged into FeS || 11,145 || ''N/A''
|-
| Federation of Education Workers || FETE || 1931 || 2016 || Merged into FeSP || 1,350 || 39,093
|-
| Federation of Hospitality || || 1979 || 1993 || Merged into FECHTJ || 8,179 || ''N/A''
|-
| Federation of Industrial and Agricultural Workers || FITAG || 2011 || 2016 || Merged into FICA || ''N/A'' || ''N/A''
|-
| Federation of Light Industries || FIA || 1992 || 2011 || Merged into FITAG || ''N/A'' || 69,527
|-
| Federation of Public Services || FSP || 1982 || 2016 || Merged into FeSP || 6,888 || 133,501
|-
| Federation of Services || FeS || 1993 || 2016 || Merged into FeSMC || ''N/A'' || 59,346
|-
| Federation of Services for Mobility and Consumption || SMC || 2014 || 2016 || Merged into FeSMC || ''N/A'' || ''N/A''
|-
| Federation of Transport, Communication and Sea || TCM || 1977 || 2014 || Merged into SMC || 21,942 || 71,629
|-
| Metal and Construction || MCA || 1998 || 2016 || Merged into FICA || ''N/A'' || ''N/A''
|-
| National Federation of Agriculture || FTT || 1930 || 2001 || Merged into FTA || 11,979 || 23,728
|-
| National Federation of Banking, Credit and Savings || FEBCA || 1977 || 1983 || Merged into FEBASO || 4,523 || ''N/A''
|-
| National Federation of Banking, Savings, Insurance and Offices || FEBASO || 1983 || 1993 || Merged into FeS || ''N/A'' || ''N/A''
|-
| National Federation of Chemicals, Energy and Related Industries || FETIQUE || 1982 || 1992 || Merged into FIA || 14,560 || ''N/A''
|-
| National Federation of Construction, Wood and Related Industries || FEMCA || 1977 || 1998 || Merged into MCA || 22,701 || 37,166
|-
| National Federation of Food Processing and Tobacco || FAyT || || 2001 || Merged into FTA || 10,452 || 27,511
|-
| National Federation of Insurance, Office and Office Workers || FETSO || || 1983 || Merged into FEBASO || || ''N/A''
|-
| National Federation of Metalworkers || METAL || 1930 || 1998 || Merged into MCA || 49,348 || 100,774
|-
| National Federation of Mineworkers || || || 1992 || Merged into FIA || 9,652 || ''N/A''
|-
| National Federation of Textiles and Leather || || 1979 || 1992 || Merged into FIA || 11,401 || ''N/A''
|}

==Leadership==
===General secretaries===
:1899: [[Antonio García Quejido]]
:1905: Vicente Barrio
:1918: [[Francisco Largo Caballero]]
:1938: José Rodríguez Vega
:1944: [[Pascual Tomás]]
:1968: Manuel Muiño Arroyo
:1971: ''Joint leadership''
:1976: [[Nicolás Redondo]]
:1994: [[Cándido Méndez]]
:2016: Pepe Álvarez Suárez

===Presidents===
:1888: [[Antonio García Quejido]]
:1892: Josep Comaposada
:1894: Basilio Martín Rodríguez
:1896: Luis Zurdo
:1899: [[Pablo Iglesias Posse|Pablo Iglesias]]
:1925: [[Julián Besteiro]]
:1934: [[Anastasio de Gracia]]
:1938: [[Ramón González Peña]]
:1944: [[Trifón Gómez]]
:1956: [[Rodolfo Llopis]]
:1971: ''Post abolished''

== See also ==
{{Portal|Organised labour}}
* [[Pablo Iglesias Posse|Pablo Iglesias]], founder of both the UGT and the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]]
* [[Ferrol, Spain|Ferrol]], birthplace of both Francisco Franco (1892) and Pablo Iglesias (1850)
* [[Labor movement in Spain]]
* [[El Socialista Manchego]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Unión General de Trabajadores}}
* [http://www.ugt.es/ UGT – Unión General de Trabajadores] – UGT website
* [http://www.feteugt-cyl.es/ UGT – Unión General de Trabajadores-Federación Española Trabajadores de la Enseñanza de Castilla y León] – FETE-UGT CyL website
* [http://www.ugtsiut.org/ Portal del Transporte de la Sección Sindical de UGT] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071125074732/http://www.ugtsiut.org/ |date=25 November 2007 }}
* [[:ca:UGT de Catalunya|Unió General de Treballadors de Catalunya]] Catalan autonomous region's UGT (from Wikipedia in Catalan)
* [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ca&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugt-cat.net%2Fsubdominis%2Fajlleida%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D74%26Itemid%3D116 Small history of the UGT in Catalonia] Workers at the Center of Mataró and the [[First Congress of the PSOE|1888 Congress of the Barcelona]].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090718192916/http://www.ugt-cat.net/subdominis/ajlleida/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=74&Itemid=116 História del sindicato] – History of the union

{{European Trade Union Confederation}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Union General De Trabajadores}}
[[Category:Trade unions in Spain]]
[[Category:National federations of trade unions]]
[[Category:International Trade Union Confederation]]
[[Category:European Trade Union Confederation]]
[[Category:Trade unions established in 1888]]
[[Category:Spanish Revolution of 1936]]
[[Category:Organisations of the Spanish Civil War]]