View source for Union for French Democracy

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox political party
| logo_size        = 150
| colorcode        = {{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}
| name             = Union for French Democracy
| native_name      = Union pour la démocratie française
| abbreviation     = UDF
| logo             = Union for French Democracy logo.png
| leader1_title    = Leaders
| leader1_name     = {{ublist
 | [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]]
 | [[Raymond Barre]]
 | [[Jean Lecanuet]]
 | [[François Léotard]]
 | [[François Bayrou]]
}}
| founder          = Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
| foundation       = {{ublist
 | {{start date|1978|02|01|df=y}} (alliance)
 | {{start date|1998|11|29|df=y}} (party)
}}
| dissolution      = {{end date|2007|11|30|df=y}}<br>(''de facto''){{efn|MoDem assumed UDF's political activity on 1 December 2007 and the latter is no longer active, but its brand remains in the electoral register and the party has not been legally dissolved.}}
| merger           = {{ublist
 | [[Democratic Force (France)|Democratic Force]]
 | [[Independent Republican and Liberal Pole]]
}}
| successor        = [[Democratic Movement (France)|Democratic Movement]]
| headquarters     = UDF 133 bis, rue de l'Université
75007 Paris
| ideology         = {{ublist
 | [[Liberalism]]
 | [[Christian democracy]]
}}
| position         = [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]
| international    = ''None''
| european         = [[European People's Party|EPP]]<ref name="JansenHecke2011">{{cite book|author1=Thomas Jansen|author2=Steven Van Hecke|title=At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXEA8XGdEb8C&pg=PA51|year=2011|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-19414-6|page=51}}</ref> (1994–2004)<br />[[European Democratic Party|EDP]]<ref name="Nordsieck">{{cite web|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|title=France|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.de/france.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428022524/http://www.parties-and-elections.de/france.html|year=2007|archive-date=28 April 2007|url-status=dead|access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref> (2004–07)
| europarl         = {{ublist
 | [[European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group|LDR]] (PR and others 1979–94)
 | [[European People's Party Group|EPP-ED]] (CDS and others 1979–94, UDF 1994–2004)
 | [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group|ALDE]] (2004–07)
}}
| colours          = {{ublist|
 | {{Color box|#3B4793}} [[Blue]] (official) (1978–2004)
 | {{nowrap|{{Color box|{{party color|Union for French Democracy}}}} [[Cyan]] (customary) (1978–2004)}}
 | {{Color box|{{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}}} [[Orange (colour)|Orange]] (2004–2007)
}}
| website          = {{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20040725134713/http://udf.org:80/|www.udf.org}} (inactive)
| country          = France
}}
The '''Union for French Democracy''' ({{langx|fr|Union pour la démocratie française}} {{IPA|fr|ynjɔ̃ puʁ la demɔkʁasi fʁɑ̃sɛːz|}}; '''UDF''') was a [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]] [[list of political parties in France|political party]] in [[France]]. The UDF was founded in 1978 as an electoral alliance to support President [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]] in order to counterbalance the [[Gaullism|Gaullist]] preponderance over the French centre-right. The UDF took its name from Giscard's 1976 book, ''Démocratie française''.

The founding parties of the UDF were Giscard's [[Republican Party (France)|Republican Party]] (PR), the [[Centre of Social Democrats]] (CDS), the [[Radical Party (France)|Radical Party]] (Rad), the [[Social Democratic Party (France)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD) and the [[Perspectives and Realities Clubs]] (CPR). The UDF was most frequently a junior partner in coalitions with the neo-Gaullist [[Rally for the Republic]] (RPR). In 1998 the UDF became a single entity, causing the defection of [[Liberal Democracy (France)|Liberal Democracy]] (DL), PR's successor. In 2002 the RPR, DL and most of the remaining UDF members joined the [[Union for a Popular Movement]] (UMP), which aimed to unite the entire centre-right. The UDF effectively ceased to exist by the end of 2007 and its membership and assets were transferred to its successor, the [[Democratic Movement (France)|Democratic Movement]] (MoDem). The UDF's last president and MoDem's founding leader was [[François Bayrou]].

==History==
{{More citations needed section|date=January 2020}}

===Foundation and early years===
In the [[1974 French presidential election|1974 presidential election]], defying expectations, [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]], leader of the [[Independent Republicans]], was elected [[President of France]] by overcoming [[Jacques Chaban-Delmas]] of the [[Union of Democrats for the Republic]] (UDR), the largest centre-right party, in the first round and defeating [[François Mitterrand]] in the run-off. Two years later, Prime Minister [[Jacques Chirac]] (UDR) resigned and launched the [[Rally for the Republic]] (RPR), in order to restore the [[Gaullism|Gaullist]] domination over the centre-right. The RPR would represent the right-wing of the presidential majority and would criticise with virulence the policies put forward by President Giscard and Prime Minister [[Raymond Barre]].

In the run-up of the [[1978 French legislative election|1978 legislative election]], during a speech in [[Verdun-sur-le-Doubs]], Giscard noted that the political leanings of the French people were divided among four groups: the [[French Communist Party|Communist Party]] (PCF), the [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] (PS), the neo-Gaullist RPR and his own camp, which lacked a cohesive representation. Therefore, he sought to formally organise the centrist side of the presidential majority through the UDF. It consisted of the conservative-liberal [[Republican Party (France)|Republican Party]] (PR) – the evolution of Giscard's Independent Republicans –, the Christian-democratic [[Centre of Social Democrats]] (CDS), the liberal [[Radical Party (France)|Radical Party]] (Rad), the [[Social Democratic Party (France)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD) and the [[Perspectives and Realities Clubs]] (CPR). Contrary to the RPR, the UDF advocated less [[market intervention]]ism by the state, [[decentralization|decentralisation]] and support of local authorities, and a strong commitment towards the building of a [[federal Europe]]. According to historian [[René Rémond]], the UDF descended from the [[Orléanist|Orleanist]] tradition of the right, whereas the RPR was a reincarnation of the [[Bonapartism|Bonapartist]] tradition, which promoted national independence by virtue of a strong state.

After the centre-right won the [[1978 French legislative election|1978 legislative election]] and the subsequent focus of both the RPR and the UDF toward the [[1981 French presidential election|1981 presidential election]], their relations deteriorated. Especially, RPR leader Chirac criticised the market-oriented and [[pro-Europeanism|pro-European]] policies of Giscard and Barre. In the run-up of the [[1979 European Parliament election in France|1979 European Parliament election]], Chirac published the [[Call of Cochin]] where the UDF was accused of being "the party of foreigners". Since the UDF list, led by [[Simone Veil]], obtained 27.1% of the vote compared with RPR's 16.3%, the quarrels between the two parties and the rivalry between Giscard and Chirac contributed to the defeat of the incumbent president who ran for a second term.

===1980s===
After the election of Mitterrand as president, the two centre-right parties reconciled. Gradually, the RPR abandoned Gaullist doctrine and joined the market-oriented and pro-European positions of the UDF. Although they presented a common list at the [[1984 European Parliament election in France|1984 European Parliament election]], their leaders Chirac and Barre still competed for the leadership of the French centre-right. Focused on winning the [[1986 French legislative election|1986 legislative election]], Chirac, unlike Barre, accepted the principle of "[[cohabitation (government)|cohabitation]]" with President Mitterrand. Furthermore, some UDF politicians (notably from the PR) covertly supported Chirac. Consequently, he served as Prime Minister from 1986 to 1988 and the UDF played a supporting role in his government.

Barre was a candidate in the [[1988 French presidential election|1988 presidential election]], yet, despite his popularity, he was not supported by all UDF leaders. Giscard himself refused to choose clearly and publicly between his two former Prime Ministers. Eliminated in the first round, Barre called on his supporters to vote for Chirac in the second round, but despite this, Chirac was defeated by Mitterrand. After the re-election of Mitterrand, some UDF members participated as ministers in the centre-left governments led by Prime Minister [[Michel Rocard]].

Also in 1988 Giscard retook the leadership of the UDF. However, his authority and that of the other centre-right leaders (Chirac, Barre etc.) were contested by a new generation of politicians called the "renovation men", who accused the old guard leadership of bearing responsibility for the successive electoral defeats. However, Giscard would give the party a more consistent centre-right approach, that would culminate in the entire UDF joining the [[European People's Party]] (EPP),<ref name="JansenHecke2011"/> which had been previously home only of the Christian-democratic CDS, in 1994.

===1990s===
With the dismissal of Rocard in 1991 there were no longer UDF ministers from the government, thus RPR and the UDF were allied in opposition to the subsequent Socialist governments which were weakened by economic crisis, scandals and internal quarrels. The RPR–UDF coalition named "[[Union of the Right and Centre|Union for France]]" comfortably won the [[1993 French legislative election|1993 legislative election]] and obtained a massive majority in the National Assembly. The new Prime Minister [[Édouard Balladur]], who hailed from the RPR, nominated a large number of UDF members to his cabinet: [[François Léotard]] (PR) became minister of Defense, [[Gérard Longuet]] (PR) of Industry, [[Pierre Méhaignerie]] (CDS) of Justice, [[François Bayrou]] (CDS) of Education, Simone Veil (PR) of Health and Social Affairs, [[Alain Madelin]] (PR) of Commerce, [[Bernard Bosson]] (CDS) of Transport, [[Jean Puech]] (CDS) of Agriculture, [[André Rossinot]] (Rad) of Civil Service and [[Hervé de Charette]] (CPR) of Housing.

In the run-up of the [[1995 French presidential election|1995 presidential election]] the different components of the UDF were unable to agree on a common candidacy and consequently they divided between the two RPR candidates. Most UDF members supported Balladur, whereas a minority endorsed Chirac, as Giscard had proposed. In the aftermath, the CDS merged with the PSD into [[Democratic Force (France)|Democratic Force]] (FD), while CPR members and other supporters of Giscard within the PR formed the [[Popular Party for French Democracy]] (PPDF).

After Chirac's election as president of France, some UDF ministers were dismissed as a result of their support for Balladur. Nevertheless, in [[Alain Juppé]]'s cabinet, the UDF was given several ministries including Foreign Affairs with [[Hervé de Charette]] (PPDF), Defense with [[Charles Millon]] (PR), Economy and Finances with Alain Madelin (PR), Industry with [[Yves Galland]] (Rad), Education with François Bayrou (CDS/FD), Commerce with [[Jean-Pierre Raffarin]] (PR), Labour with [[Jacques Barrot]] (CDS/FD), Agriculture with [[Philippe Vasseur]] (CDS/FD), Culture with [[Philippe Douste-Blazy]] (CDS/FD), Economic Development with [[Jean Arthuis]] (PR) and Reform and Decentralization with [[Claude Goasguen]] (PR).

In 1996 François Léotard, a Republican and a former ''balladurien'', was elected president of the UDF by defeating Alain Madelin, who was also a Republican, but had supported Chirac. After the defeat of the RPR–UDF front in the [[1997 French legislative election|1997 legislative election]], the UDF faced a major crisis. While the centrist components had merged into FD, the conservative liberals tried to overcome the fracture between ''chiraquiens'' and ''balladuriens''. The PR was joined by some politicians from the PPDF, such as Jean-Pierre Raffarin (a former Republican), and was renamed [[Liberal Democracy (France)|Liberal Democracy]] (DL), under Madelin's leadership. DL soon began to reassert its autonomy within the alliance and finally broke ranks with the UDF in 1998. The split was triggered by the [[1998 French regional elections|1998 regional elections]], during which some UDF politicians were elected regional presidents with the support of the [[National Rally|National Front]]: DL refused to condemn the arrangement, whilst the UDF leadership did.

===New UDF===
This split of DL led to a re-organisation of the UDF. The ''nouvelle UDF'' (new UDF) was transformed into a single party through the merger of FD and the [[Independent Republican and Liberal Pole]] (PRIL), formed by those DL members who refused to leave UDF. The Radicals and the PPDF remained as autonomous entities within the new party.

Former FD leader Bayrou became the natural leader of the new UDF. He conceived it as the embryo of a future centrist party which would include politicians from both the left and right. Bayrou ran for president in the [[2002 French presidential election|2002 presidential election]], but some UDF leaders supported Chirac. The latter won re-election comfortably, with Bayrou being eliminated after the first round, having gained only 6.8% of the vote. Bayrou subsequently refused Chirac's invitation to join the newly-formed centre-right, big-tent [[Union for a Popular Movement]] (UMP) for the upcoming [[2002 French legislative election|2002 legislative election]]. Other UDF members, led by Giscard, Barrot, Douste-Blazy, Méhaignerie and Raffarin, as well as the entire PPDF and DL, joined the UMP, leaving Bayrou somewhat isolated.

After the election, the UDF, whose parliamentary seats were quite reduced, joined the victorious UMP as a partner in the government of Prime Minister Raffarin. Despite this, the UDF sometimes criticised its policies, without initially quitting the majority coalition and entering the opposition, which was made up mostly of centre-left and left-wing parties. The UDF eft the government, except for [[Gilles de Robien]], only after a cabinet reshuffle in March 2004, but still decided to remain in the parliamentary majority coalition.

At the European level, the UDF left the EPP and formed the [[European Democratic Party]] (EDP), along with Italy's [[Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy]]. The EDP was intended to be the home to all the Christian democrats and centrists who were disillusioned by the new course of the EPP, which had welcomed the RPR and, later, the UMP. With the exit of most of its conservative, Christian-democratic and conservative-liberal components in 1998 and 2002, the UDF was thus a centrist party with socially liberal tendencies, in Bayrou's mould.

There developed a split among UDF elected officials, between those such as de Robien and [[Pierre-Christophe Baguet]], who favored closer ties with the UMP, and those such as Bayrou who advocate independent centrist policies, while others such as [[Jean Dionis du Séjour]] tried steering for a middle course.<ref>[http://francepolitique.free.fr/PUDF4.htm France politique - courants UDF].</ref> The most likely reason for many of the UDF's elected officials favouring close ties with the UMP was that most of the UDF's elected positions were obtained through cooperative alliances with the UMP. However, the party's base overwhelmingly favored independence. At the congress of Lyon, in January 2006, 91% of the members voted to retain the independence of the UDF from the UMP and transform it into an independent centrist party. This outcome meant that the orientation of the evolving UDF would be that of a [[social liberalism|social-liberal]] party aiming for a balance between [[social democracy|social-democratic]] and [[conservatism|conservative]] policies.

===Democratic Movement===
In May 2006 Bayrou and other ten UDF deputies, a minority within the parliamentary party, voted for the motion of no-confidence brought forward by the Socialist-led opposition calling for the resignation of Prime Minister [[Dominique de Villepin]]'s government, embroiled in the [[Clearstream affair]].<ref>[http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/12/scrutins/jo0978.asp ANALYSE DU SCRUTIN N° 978 - Séance du 16 mai 2006].</ref> This motion had no chance of being passed, given that the UMP had an absolute majority in the National Assembly. Following this event, France's television authority started to classify Bayrou and the other UDF deputies who had voted for the motion as being in the opposition for time allocation purposes; however, after Bayrou protested, they were classified as neither majority nor opposition.

In April 2007 Bayrou announced that he would be submitting a plan to a vote by UDF members to create a new [[Democratic Movement (France)|Democratic Movement]] (MoDem), which was finally launched in May. However, most of the UDF's deputies protested and formed the [[The Centrists|New Centre]] (NC) – later The Centrists –, in order to support newly-elected President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] of the UMP. In the subsequent [[2007 French legislative election|2007 legislative election]] held in June, the MoDem won 7.6% of the vote and three seats, while the NC stopped at 2.4%, but, thanks to its alliance with the UMP, obtained 22 seats.

In November 2007 the UDF effectively ceased to exist and was fully integrated within the MoDem, headed by Bayrou.<ref>M. Bayrou enterre l'UDF et célèbre la naissance du MoDem, ''Le Monde'', 1 December 2007</ref>

==Ideology, positions, platform==
The UDF was a [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]] party,<ref name="Winter2008">{{cite book|author=Bronwyn Winter|title=Hijab & the Republic: Uncovering the French Headscarf Debate|url=https://archive.org/details/hijabrepublicunc0000wint|url-access=registration|year=2008|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-3174-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/hijabrepublicunc0000wint/page/74 74]}}</ref><ref name="DavidVarouxakis2014">{{cite book|author1=Howarth David|author2=Georgios Varouxakis|author3=David Howarth|title=Contemporary France: An Introduction to French Politics and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DDYiAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71|year=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-4441-1887-2|page=71}}</ref><ref name="Shields2007">{{cite book|author=James Shields|title=The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7eGJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA141|year=2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-86111-8|page=141}}</ref> although it considered itself [[Centrism|centrist]].<ref name="Safran2015">{{cite book|author=William Safran|title=The French Polity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mdqoCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-34337-0|page=92}}</ref> Broadly, the UDF was a [[big tent]],<ref name="Tagesspiegel">{{cite web|last=Meier|first=Albrecht|title= Rechtsextremismus in Europa: Frankreichs Dammbruch à la Thüringen liegt zwei Jahrzehnte zurück|website=[[Tagesspiegel]]|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/frankreichs-dammbruch-a-la-thuringen-liegt-zwei-jahrzehnte-zuruck-4142134.html|date=6 February 2020|access-date=1 April 2023}}</ref> bringing together [[Christian democracy|Christian democrats]], [[Liberalism|liberals]], [[Classical radicalism|radicals]], [[Social democracy|social democrats]] and non-[[Gaullism|Gaullist]] conservatives.<ref name="Sauger2003">{{cite book|author=Nicolas Sauger|chapter=The UDF in the 1990s: the break-up of a political confederation|editor=Jocelyn Evans|title=The French Party System|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a_ojgq8HABUC&pg=PA107|year=2003|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-6120-2|pages=107–}}</ref><ref name="Bell2002">{{cite book|author=David S. Bell|title=French Politics Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s2lIt4ssdQMC&pg=PA79|year=2002|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-5876-9|page=79}}</ref> The main ideological trends in the party were [[Christian democracy]],<ref>{{Cite book |first=Alexis|last=Massart|chapter=The Impossible Resurrection: Christian Democracy in France|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJ6x8zmRAaEC&pg=PA197|title=Christian Democratic Parties in Europe Since the End of the Cold War|editor-first=Steven|editor-last=Van Hecke|pages=197–|publisher=[[Leuven University Press]]|year=2004|isbn=9789058673770}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first=Nick |last=Startin |title=Maastricht, Amsterdam and beyond: The troubled evolution of the French right |work=French Relations with the European Union |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |page=64}}</ref><ref name="MarksWilson1999">{{cite book|author1=Gary Marks|author2=Carole Wilson|chapter=National Parties and the Contestation of Europe|editor1=Thomas F. Banchoff|editor2=Mitchell P. Smith|title=Legitimacy and the European Union|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GgvLEFPY8l4C&pg=PA126|year=1999|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-18188-4|page=126}}</ref> [[liberalism]],<ref name="Tagesspiegel"/><ref name="Hubé2013">{{cite book|author=Nicolasw Hubé|chapter=France|editor=Nicolò Conti|title=Party Attitudes Towards the EU in the Member States: Parties for Europe, Parties Against Europe|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lpKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-93656-5|page=25}}</ref><ref name="Alexandre1997">{{cite book|author1=Agnes Alexandre|author2=Xavier Jardin|chapter=From the Europe of Nations to the European Nation? Attitudes of French Gaullist and Centrist Parliamentarians|editor1=David Denver|editor2=Justin Fisher|editor3=Steve Ludlam|editor4=Charles Pattie|title=British Elections and Parties Review|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aeqNAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA198|year= 1997|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-25578-7|page=198}}</ref> [[conservative liberalism]]<ref name="Slomp2011">{{cite book|author=Hans Slomp|title=Europe, a Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1uzkNq8xfIC&pg=PA385|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-39181-1|page=385}}</ref> and [[liberal conservatism]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Joachim Schild|author2=Henrik Uterwedde|title=Frankreich: Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7n1a3TD6Uv0C|year=2006|publisher=Springer-Verlag|isbn=9783531150765|page=45}}</ref><ref name="Cole">{{cite book |author=Alistair Cole |chapter=Stress, strain and stability in the French party system |editor=Jocelyn Evans |title=The French Party System|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a_ojgq8HABUC&pg=PA12 |year=2003 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-6120-2 |page=12}}</ref>

The UDF's most marked political trait was [[pro-Europeanism]] and support for [[European integration]], up to the point of turning the [[European Union]] into a federal [[European Federation|United States of Europe]].<ref name="Hubé2013"/> In that respect, UDF was the likely target of Chirac's [[Call of Cochin]] (1978), in which he denounced the pro-European policies of "the party of the foreigners".

Until 2002, the UDF spanned a somewhat wide ideological spectrum on the centre-right. A tongue-in-cheek characterisation of UDF's membership is that it was the union of everybody on the right that was neither [[far-right politics|far-right]] nor a [[Jacques Chirac]] supporter. However, the UDF suffered for its lack of cohesion, in contrast to Chirac's [[Rally for the Republic]]. Its economic policies ranged from favouring left-leaning [[social justice]] to favouring [[laissez-faire]] liberalism. Such divergences led the laissez-faire advocates, such as [[Alain Madelin]], to form [[Liberal Democracy (France)|Liberal Democracy]] in 1997 and split from the UDF in 1998. Similarly, social policies ranged from the [[social conservatism]] of the likes of [[Christine Boutin]], famously opposed to [[civil union]]s for [[Homosexuality|homosexuals]], [[same-sex marriage]], [[abortion]] and [[euthanasia]], to more [[social progressivism|socially progressive]] policies. Boutin was eventually excluded from the UDF and in 2001 she formed the [[VIA, the Way of the People|Forum of Social Republicans]].

During the [[2007 French presidential election|2007 presidential electoral campaign]], [[François Bayrou]] presented himself as a centrist and a social-liberal<ref>[http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=8780184 The third man], ''[[The Economist]]'', 1 March 2007.</ref> (he even opened the door to gay adoptions),<ref>Interview with Bayrou, ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'', 16 March 2007.</ref> proclaiming that if elected, he would "govern beyond the left-right divide".<ref>[http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8853752 Jacques Chirac's poisoned legacy], ''[[The Economist]]'', 16 March 2007, p. 17.</ref> He won 18.6% of the vote, but this was not enough for him to reach the second round.

==Factions==
*'''Bayrouistes''', those who wanted the UDF to be independent: [[Marielle de Sarnez]], [[Jean-Louis Bourlanges]], [[Thierry Cornillet]], Gilles Artigues, [[Bernard Bosson]], [[Anne-Marie Comparini]], [[Charles de Courson]], [[Jean-Christophe Lagarde]], [[Jean Lassalle]], [[Maurice Leroy]], [[Hervé Morin]], [[Rudy Salles]], [[Gérard Vignoble]], [[Nicolas Perruchot]], [[Jean-Luc Préel]], [[François Rochebloine]], [[François Sauvadet]]
*'''Society in Movement''', those who wanted close ties with the UMP: [[Gilles de Robien]], [[Olivier Jardé]], [[Jean-Pierre Abelin]], [[Pierre-Christophe Baguet]],<ref>Pierre-Christophe Baguet was expelled from the UDF on 10 October 2006 - [http://archquo.nouvelobs.com/cgi/articles?ad=politique/20061010.OBS5189.html Le député Baguet exclu du groupe UDF]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> [[Jean Dionis du Séjour]], [[Francis Hillmeyer]], [[Michel Hunault]], [[Stéphane Demilly]], [[Yvan Lachaud]], [[André Santini]], [[Francis Vercamer]], [[Claude Leteurtre]], [[Rodolphe Thomas]]

When Bayrou launched his new [[Democratic Movement (France)|Democratic Movement]] in 2007, only five deputies (Gilles Artigues, Anne-Marie Comparini, Jean-Christophe Lagarde, Jean Lassalle and Gérard Vignoble) out of 29, not counting Bayrou himself, joined.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france-politique.fr/union-pour-la-democratie-francaise.htm|title=Union pour la Démocratie Française UDF|website=france-politique.fr|access-date=2020-01-18}}</ref> The others, comprising members of Society in Movement and some Bayrouistes, as Hervé Morin and Jean-Louis Bourlanges, joined the presidential majority in support of the new President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] and formed a new "centrist pole" within it, the [[The Centrists|New Centre]].

==Composition==
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=2| Name
! Ideology
! Position
! Leaders
|-
| style="background:#0751C1"|
| style="width:200px" | [[Republican Party (France)|Republican Party]]<br>(1978–1997)
| style="width:250px" | [[Conservative liberalism]]
| style="width:150px" | [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]
| style="width:150px" | [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]]<br>[[Jean-Pierre Soisson]]<br>[[François Léotard]]<br>[[Gérard Longuet]]<br>[[François Léotard]]<br>[[Alain Madelin]]
|-
| style="background:#0046A8"|
| style="width:200px" | [[Centre of Social Democrats]]<br>(1978–1995)
| style="width:250px" | [[Christian democracy]]
| style="width:150px" | [[Centrism|Centre]]
| style="width:150px" | [[Jean Lecanuet]]<br>[[Pierre Méhaignerie]]<br>[[François Bayrou]]
|-
| style="background:#FA1E2A"|
| style="width:200px" | [[Social Democratic Party (France)|Social Democratic Party]]<br>(1978–1995)
| style="width:250px" | [[Social democracy]]
| style="width:150px" | [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]
| style="width:150px" | Max Lejeune <br>[[André Santini]]
|-
| style="background:#E0B0FF"|
| style="width:200px" | [[Radical Party (France)|Radical Party]]<br>(1978–2002)
| style="width:250px" | [[Liberalism]]
| style="width:150px" | [[Centrism|Centre]]
| style="width:150px" | {{nowrap|[[Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber]]}}<br>Didier Bariani<br>[[André Rossinot]]<br>[[Yves Galland]]<br>[[Thierry Cornillet]]<br>[[François Loos]]
|-
| style="background:#294190"|
| style="width:200px" | [[Perspectives and Realities Clubs]] /<br>[[Democratic Convention (France)|Popular Party for French Democracy]]<br>(1978–2002)
| style="width:250px" | [[Liberalism]]
| style="width:150px" | [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]
| style="width:150px" | [[Jean-Pierre Fourcade]]<br>[[Hervé de Charette]]
|-
| style="background:#003366"|
| style="width:200px" | [[Democratic Force (France)|Democratic Force]]<br>(1995–1998)
| style="width:250px" | [[Christian democracy]]<br>[[Social liberalism]]
| style="width:150px" | [[Centrism|Centre]]
| style="width:150px" | [[François Bayrou]]
|-
| style="background:#6F97CF"|
| style="width:200px" | [[Liberal Democracy (France)|Liberal Democracy]]<br>(1997–1998)
| style="width:250px" | [[Conservative liberalism]]
| style="width:150px" | [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]
| style="width:150px" | [[Alain Madelin]]
|-
| style="background:#646D91"|
| style="width:200px" | {{nowrap|[[Independent Republican and Liberal Pole]]}}<br>(1997–1998)
| style="width:250px" | [[Conservative liberalism]]
| style="width:150px" | [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]
| style="width:150px" | [[François Léotard]]
|}

==Presidents==
* [[Jean Lecanuet]] (1978–1988)
* [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]] (1988–1996)
* [[François Léotard]] (1996–1998)
* [[François Bayrou]] (1998–2007)

==Election results==

===Presidential elections===

{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|Election
!rowspan=2|Candidate
!colspan=2|First round
!colspan=2|Second round
!rowspan=2|Result
|-
!Votes
!%
!Votes
!%
|-
! [[1981 French presidential election|1981]]
| [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]] 
| 8,222,432	
| 28.32%
| 14,642,306
| 48.24%
|{{no|Lost}}
|-
! [[1988 French presidential election|1988]]
| [[Raymond Barre]]
| 5,031,849
| 16.55%
| -
| -
| {{no|Lost}}
|-
! [[1995 French presidential election|1995]]
| ''endorsed [[Édouard Balladur]]''
| 5,658,796
| 18.58%
| -
| -
| {{no|Lost}}
|-
! [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]
| [[François Bayrou]] 
| 1,949,170
| 6.84%
| -
| -
| {{no|Lost}}
|}

===Legislative elections===
{|class="wikitable"
!rowspan=2| Year
!rowspan=2| Leader
!colspan=2| First round
!colspan=2| Second round
!rowspan=2| Seats in the<br /> [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]
!rowspan=2| Notes
|-
! Number of votes
! Percentage of votes
! Number of votes
! Percentage of votes
|-
! [[1978 French legislative election|1978]]
| [[Jean Lecanuet]] ([[Centre of Social Democrats|CDS]])
| 6,128,849
| 21.45
| 5,907,603
| 23.18
| {{Composition bar|121|488|hex={{party color|Union for French Democracy (alliance)}}}}
| Part of "Presidential Majority" (with [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]])
|-
! [[1981 French legislative election|1981]]
| [[Jean-Claude Gaudin]] ([[Republican Party (France)|PR]])
| 4,827,437
| 19.20
| 3,489,363
| 18.68
| {{Composition bar|62|491|hex={{party color|Union for French Democracy (alliance)}}}}
| Part of "Union for a New Majority" (with [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]])
|-
! [[1986 French legislative election|1986]]
| [[Jean-Claude Gaudin]] ([[Republican Party (France)|PR]])
| {{nowrap|6,008,612 (RPR-UDF joint lists)}}<br />{{nowrap|2,330,167 (separate UDF lists)}}
| 21.44<br />8.31
|colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| {{Composition bar|127|573|hex={{party color|Union for French Democracy (alliance)}}}}
| Part of "RPR-UDF Union"
|-
! [[1988 French legislative election|1988]]
| [[Jean-Claude Gaudin]] ([[Republican Party (France)|PR]])
| 4,519,459
| 18.50
| 4,299,370
| 21.18
| {{Composition bar|129|575|hex={{party color|Union for French Democracy (alliance)}}}}
| Part of "Union of Rally and Centre" (with [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]])
|-
! [[1993 French legislative election|1993]]
| [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]] ([[Republican Party (France)|PR]])
| 4,731,013
| 18.71
| 5,178,039
| 26.14
| {{Composition bar|207|577|hex={{party color|Union for French Democracy (alliance)}}}}
| Part of "Union for France" (with [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]])
|-
! [[1997 French legislative election|1997]]
| [[François Léotard]] ([[Republican Party (France)|PR]])
| 3,617,440
| 14.22
| 5,284,203
| 20.07
| {{Composition bar|112|577|hex={{party color|Union for French Democracy (alliance)}}}}
| Part of "Presidential Majority" (with [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]])
|-
! [[2002 French legislative election|2002]]
| [[François Bayrou]]
| 1,226,462
| 4.86
| 832,785
| 3.92
| {{Composition bar|29|577|hex={{party color|Union for French Democracy}}}}
| Part of "Presidential Majority" (with [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]])
|-
|}

===European elections===
{|class=wikitable
|-
! Election year
! Leader
! # of overall votes
! % of overall vote
! # of overall seats won
! [[Political groups of the European Parliament|Group]]
|-
! [[1979 European Parliament election in France|1979]]
| [[Simone Veil]]
| 5,588,851
| 27.61 (#'''1''')
| {{Composition bar|25|81|hex={{party color|Union for French Democracy (alliance)}}}}
| [[European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (European Parliament group)|LD]] (17); [[European People's Party (European Parliament group)|EPP]] (8)
|-
! [[1984 European Parliament election in France|1984]]
| [[Simone Veil]]
| 8,683,596 (UDF-RPR joint lists)
| 43.03 (#'''1'''; UDF+RPR)
| {{Composition bar|22|81|hex={{party color|Union for French Democracy (alliance)}}}}
| [[European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (European Parliament group)|LDR]] (12); [[European People's Party (European Parliament group)|EPP]] (9); [[European Democratic Alliance|EDA]] (1)
|-
! [[1989 European Parliament election in France|1989]]
| [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]] ([[Republican Party (France)|PR]])
| 5,242,038 (UDF-RPR joint lists)
| 28.88 (#'''1'''; UDF+RPR)
| {{Composition bar|12|81|hex={{party color|Union for French Democracy (alliance)}}}}
| [[European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (European Parliament group)|LDR]] (11); [[European People's Party (European Parliament group)|EPP]] (1)
|-
! [[1994 European Parliament election in France|1994]]
| [[Dominique Baudis]] ([[Centre of Social Democrats|CDS]])
| 4,985,574 (UDF-RPR joint lists)
| 25.58 (#'''1'''; UDF+RPR)
| {{Composition bar|14|87|hex={{party color|Union for French Democracy (alliance)}}}}
| [[European People's Party (European Parliament group)|EPP]] (13); [[European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (European Parliament group)|ELDR]] (1)
|-
! [[1999 European Parliament election in France|1999]]
| [[François Bayrou]]
| 1,638,680
| 9.28 (#5)
| {{Composition bar|9|87|hex={{party color|Union for French Democracy}}}}
| [[European People's Party (European Parliament group)|EPP-ED]]
|-
! [[2004 European Parliament election in France|2004]]
| [[François Bayrou]]
| 2,053,446
| 11.96 (#3)
| {{Composition bar|11|78|hex={{party color|Union for French Democracy}}}}
| [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group|ALDE]]
|-
|}

==Literature==
* {{cite book |first=Alexis |last=Massart |title=The Impossible Resurrection: Christian Democracy in France |editor1=Steven Van Hecke |editor2=Emmanuel Gerard |work=Christian Democratic Parties in Europe Since the End of the Cold War |publisher=Leuven University Press |year=2004 |isbn=90-5867-377-4 |pages=197–215}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040725134713/http://udf.org// Official web site (Redirects to Democratic Movement's official website)]

{{French political parties}}
{{French centrist parties}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Union For French Democracy}}
[[Category:Union for French Democracy| ]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in France]]
[[Category:2007 disestablishments in France]]
[[Category:Centrist parties in France]]
[[Category:Christian democratic parties in Europe]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in France]]
[[Category:European Democratic Party]]
[[Category:Liberal parties in France]]
[[Category:Member parties of the European People's Party]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 2007]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1978]]
[[Category:Political parties of the French Fifth Republic]]
[[Category:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]]
[[Category:Pro-European political parties in France]]