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{{Short description|9/11 hijacked passenger flight}}
{{Redirect|Flight 175}}
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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
| name            = United Airlines Flight 175
| image           = UA175 path.svg
| caption         = UA 175's path from [[Logan International Airport]] in [[Boston]] to [[New York City]]
| occurrence_type = Hijacking
| date            = [[September 11 attacks|{{start date|2001|9|11}}]]
| summary         = Terrorist [[aircraft hijacking|hijacking]]
| site            = [[2 World Trade Center (1971–2001)|South Tower]] (WTC 2) of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]], New York City, U.S.
| coordinates     = {{coord|40|42|38.8|N|74|00|47.3|W|type:event|display=inline,title}}
| total_fatalities = {{circa|1,000}}{{efn|It is impossible to definitively know exactly how many people died from the hijacking and crash of United Airlines Flight 175, since this crash and the one of [[American Airlines Flight 11]] happened in the same place, at about the same time, and it is hard to distinguish who died from which plane. It is known for certain, however, that the sum of plane and ground fatalities caused by both suicide attacks is 2,763. In addition to the rough estimate of 1,000 ground fatalities blamed on Flight 175, the number of people aboard the hijacked flight was 65. The death toll of Flight 175 thus comes out to approximately 1,060 when rounded.}} (including 5 hijackers)
| plane1_caption  = N612UA, the aircraft involved in the hijacking, seen in 1999
| aircraft_type   = [[Boeing 767-200|Boeing 767-222]]{{efn|The aircraft was a Boeing 767-200 model; Boeing [[List of Boeing customer codes|assigns a unique code]] for each company that buys one of its aircraft, which is applied as an [[infix]] to the model number at the time the aircraft is built, hence "767-222" designates a 767-200 built for United Airlines (customer code 22).}}
| operator        = [[United Airlines]]
| IATA            = UA175
| ICAO            = UAL175
| callsign        = UNITED 175
| tail_number     = N612UA
| origin          = [[Logan International Airport]], Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
| destination     = [[Los Angeles International Airport]], Los Angeles, California, U.S.
| occupants       = 65 (including 5 hijackers)
| passengers      = 56 (including 5 hijackers)
| crew            = 9
| fatalities      = 65 (including 5 hijackers)
| survivors       = 0
| ground_fatalities = {{circa|900}} in or near the South Tower of the World Trade Center
| plane1_image    = Boeing 767-222, United Airlines AN0188143.jpg
}}
'''United Airlines Flight 175''' was an American domestic [[Airline|passenger flight]] from [[Logan International Airport]] in [[Boston]] to [[Los Angeles International Airport]] in [[California]] that was hijacked by five [[al-Qaeda]] terrorists on the morning of September 11, 2001, as part of the [[September 11 attacks]]. The aircraft involved, a [[Boeing 767#767-200|Boeing 767-200]] carrying 51 passengers and 9 crew members (excluding the 5 hijackers), was deliberately crashed into the [[2 World Trade Center (1971–2001)|South Tower]] of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] in [[New York City]], killing everyone aboard and causing the deaths of more than 600{{efn|The precise number of those killed or trapped by Flight 175's impact has never been conclusively verified, although it is estimated that between 619 and 690 people were present on floors 77–110 at 09:03 and only 18 of them survived.<ref name=ncstar1.pdf>{{cite book |last=National Institute of Standards and Technology |title=Final Reports from the NIST World Trade Center Disaster Investigation |year=2005 |url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1.pdf |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=July 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707002217/https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|238}}}} people in the South Tower's upper levels in addition to an unknown number of civilians and emergency personnel on floors beneath the impact zone. Flight 175 is the [[List of deadliest aircraft accidents and incidents#Table|second-deadliest plane crash in aviation history]], surpassed only by [[American Airlines Flight 11]].

Flight 175 departed from Logan Airport at 08:14. Twenty-eight minutes into the flight, the [[Hijackers in the September 11 attacks|hijackers]] injured several crew members, forced their way into the cockpit, and murdered both pilots while moving anyone who remained to the rear of the aircraft. Lead hijacker [[Marwan al-Shehhi]], who had trained as a pilot for the purposes of the attacks, was able to usurp the flight controls once the hijackers killed the captain and first officer. Unlike the team on American Airlines Flight 11, the terrorists aboard Flight 175 did not switch off the plane's [[transponder (aeronautics)|transponder]] when they took over the cockpit. Thus, the aircraft was visible on New York Center's radar, which depicted the deviation from its assigned flight path before controllers took notice four minutes later at 08:51 EDT. Upon realizing, the ATC workers immediately made several unsuccessful attempts to contact the cockpit of the hijacked airliner, which twice nearly collided with other planes as it recklessly flew toward New York City. In the interim, three people were able to get through to their family members and colleagues on the ground, passing on information to do with the hijackers as well as casualties suffered by the flight crew.

No more than 21 minutes after the hijacking began, al-Shehhi crashed the airplane into the South Tower's south face from floors 77 through 85 as part of an attack coordinated with the takeover of Flight&nbsp;11, which had struck the upper floors of the World Trade Center's [[List of tenants in 1 World Trade Center (1971–2001)|North Tower]] at 08:46. Media coverage of the disaster that began in the North Tower 17 minutes earlier meant Flight 175's impact at 09:03 was the only one of the four attacks to be televised live around the world. The damage done to the South Tower by the crash and subsequent fire caused its collapse 56 minutes later at 09:59, killing everyone who was still inside. During the recovery effort at the World Trade Center site, workers uncovered and identified remains from some Flight{{nbs}}175 victims, but many victims have not been identified.

==Background==
=== Attacks ===
{{main|September 11 attacks}}
The flight was hijacked as part of the September 11 attacks. The team was assembled by al-Qaeda leader [[Osama bin Laden]], who also provided the financial and logistical support, and was led by [[Khalid Sheikh Mohammed]], who devised the plot. Bin Laden and Mohammed, along with the hijackers, were motivated by the US’s support for Israel and their intervention in the Middle East. The attacks were given the go ahead by bin Laden in late 1998 or early 1999. The World Trade Center was chosen as one of the targets due to it being a prominent American symbol that represented economic prowess.{{sfn|Shane|2009}}

{{Multiple image
| direction         = horizontal
| total_width       = 200
| image1            = Marwan al-Shehhi.jpg
| caption1          = Marwan al-Shehhi (pilot)
| image2            = Fayez Banihammad.jpg
| caption2          = Fayez Banihammad
| image3            = Mohand al-Shehri 2.jpg
| caption3          = Mohand al-Shehri
| image4            = Hamza al-Ghamdi 2.jpg
| caption4          = Hamza al-Ghamdi
| image5            = Ahmed al-Ghamdi.jpg
| caption5          = Ahmed al-Ghamdi
| header            = United Airlines Flight 175 hijackers
| perrow            = 1 / 2 / 2
| caption_align     = center
}}

=== Hijackers ===
{{see also|Hijackers in the September 11 attacks#United Airlines Flight 175: Two World Trade Center, South Tower}}

The team of hijackers on United Airlines Flight{{nbs}}175 was led by [[Marwan al-Shehhi]], originally from the [[United Arab Emirates]] with a stint in Hamburg, Germany, as a student. By January 2001, the pilot hijackers had completed their training; al-Shehhi obtained a [[commercial pilot license]] while training in [[South Florida]],{{sfn|Shane|2009}} along with American Airlines Flight 11 hijacker Mohamed Atta and [[United Airlines Flight 93|Flight{{nbs}}93]] hijacker [[Ziad Jarrah]]. The hijackers on Flight{{nbs}}175 included [[Fayez Banihammad]], also from the UAE, and three Saudis: brothers [[Hamza al-Ghamdi|Hamza]] and [[Ahmed al-Ghamdi]], as well as [[Mohand al-Shehri]].{{sfn|Federal Bureau of Investigation|2008|p=218}}{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}}

The hijackers were trained at an al-Qaeda camp called ''Mes Aynak'' in [[Kabul]], Afghanistan, where they learned about weapons and explosives, followed by training in [[Karachi]], Pakistan, where they learned about "Western culture and travel". Afterwards, they went to [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia, for exercises in airport security and surveillance. Part of the training in Malaysia included boarding flights operated by US carriers so they could observe pre-boarding security screenings, flight crew movements around the cabin, and the timing of cabin services.{{sfn|Shane|2009}}{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|pp=156–158}}

A month before the attacks, Marwan al-Shehhi purchased two {{convert|4|in|cm|1|adj=on}} pocket knives from a [[Sports Authority]] store in [[Boynton Beach, Florida]], while Banihammad bought a two-piece "snap" [[utility knife]] set at a [[Walmart|Wal-Mart]], and Hamza al-Ghamdi bought a [[Leatherman]] Wave [[multi-tool]].{{sfn|Federal Bureau of Investigation|2008|p=218}}{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}} The hijackers arrived in Boston from Florida between September 7 and 9.{{sfn|Federal Bureau of Investigation|2008|p=261}}

==Flight==
===Aircraft===

The flight was operated by a Boeing 767-200, [[aircraft registration|registration number]] N612UA built and delivered to United Airlines in 1983.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 7, 2006 |title=Brief of Accident |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/GenPDF.asp?id=DCA01MA063&rpt=fi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929134640/https://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/GenPDF.asp?id=DCA01MA063&rpt=fi |archive-date=September 29, 2007 |access-date=June 17, 2008 |publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]] |format=PDF |id=DCA01MA063}}</ref> It had a capacity of 168 passengers (10 in first class, 32 in business class, and 126 in economy class). On the day of the attacks, the flight carried only 56 passengers and 9{{nbs}}crew, which represented a 33 percent [[load factor (transportation)|load factor]]{{snd}}well below the average load factor of 49 percent in the three months preceding September{{nbs}}11.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}} 

===Crew===

The aircraft's pilot-in-command was [[captain]] Victor Saracini (51), a former Navy [[fighter pilot]] with 16 years' service at the airline.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Tribute to Atlantic City's Navy Pilot |url=https://shorelocalnews.com/a-tribute-to-atlantic-citys-navy-pilot |website=Shore Local |date=November 13, 2017 |access-date=May 22, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=May 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522131601/https://shorelocalnews.com/a-tribute-to-atlantic-citys-navy-pilot/}}</ref> The co-pilot was [[First officer (aviation)|first officer]] Michael Horrocks (38), who had previously served as a fighter pilot in the Marine Corps with 2 years' service at the airline.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Burke |first1=Susan |title=Four Pilot Lights – Nothing Could Extinguish their Flames |url=https://www.alpa.org/news-and-events/air-line-pilot-magazine/four-pilot-lights |website=Air Line Pilots Association |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904122518/https://www.alpa.org/news-and-events/air-line-pilot-magazine/four-pilot-lights |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kropf |first1=Schuyler |title=C of C track athlete lost her dad, a co-pilot, during 9/11 |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/news/c-of-c-track-athlete-lost-her-dad-a-co-pilot-during-9-11/article_d2a561a9-b346-568c-95df-ca03548dfb4b.html |work=Post and Courier |language=en |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904122618/https://www.postandcourier.com/news/c-of-c-track-athlete-lost-her-dad-a-co-pilot-during-9-11/article_d2a561a9-b346-568c-95df-ca03548dfb4b.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Flight attendant|cabin crew]] consisted of purser Kathryn Laborie (42) with 7 years' service at the airline, as well as [[Flight attendant|flight attendants]] Michael Tarrou (38) with 10 years' service at the airline, Amy King (29) with 8 years' service at the airline, Amy Jarret (28) with 6 years' service at the airline, Robert Fangman (33) with 10 months' service at the airline, Alfred Marchand (44) with 9 months' service at the airline, and Alicia Titus (28) with 9 months' service at the airline.<ref>{{cite web |title=9/11 Commission Staff Report |url=https://www.archives.gov/files/research/9-11/staff-report-sept2005.pdf |date=September 2005 |access-date=May 3, 2023 |url-status=live |page=18-19 |archive-date=July 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712075041/http://www.archives.gov/research/9-11/staff-report-sept2005.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IW0i2BGOgQo |title=Crew Tribute: September 11 |date=2025-03-03 |last=Airline Chronicles |access-date=2025-04-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref>


===Passengers===

Out of the 60 occupants (excluding the five hijackers), there were 50 Americans, 3 Germans, 2 Britons and one each originating from Iran, Israel, Indonesia, Ireland, and Canada. There were also 3 children all under the age of 5 on board. The youngest victim of the September 11 attacks, Christine Hanson (born on February 22, 1999) was on Flight{{nbs}}175.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hirschkorn |first1=Phil |title=Father recalls son's last words on 9/11 |date=Apr 11, 2006 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2006/LAW/04/10/moussaoui.victims/ |website=CNN |access-date=24 August 2021 |archive-date=December 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207062054/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/LAW/04/10/moussaoui.victims/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The oldest passenger victim on the airplane was 82-year-old Dorothy DeAraujo of [[Long Beach, California]].<ref name=":1">{{cite news |last1=Wilson |first1=Mike |title=Lisa Frost, A Recent College Graduate, Was on Her Way to California to Visit Her Family L |url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2001/09/25/lisa-frost-a-recent-college-graduate-was-on-her-way-to-california-to-visit-her-family/ |access-date=4 September 2021 |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=September 10, 2005 |language=en |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904120816/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2001/09/25/lisa-frost-a-recent-college-graduate-was-on-her-way-to-california-to-visit-her-family/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Among the other passengers were hockey scout [[Garnet Bailey]] and former athlete [[Mark Bavis]].

===Boarding===
[[File:Boston Logan Gate C19 with Flag and Jet.jpg|thumb|right|Gate C19 at Boston's Logan International Airport was the boarding gate of United Flight{{nbs}}175 on September{{nbs}}11, 2001. An American flag was added to memorialize the site.]]
Two hours before boarding, al-Shehhi took a phone call from [[Ziad Jarrah]] at 05:01. Jarrah was set to hijack [[United Airlines Flight 93|Flight 93]] out of [[Newark, New Jersey]], not far from the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|Twin Towers]]. The purpose of the call was likely to confirm they were all set to carry out the attacks.<ref>{{cite book |last=McMillan |first=Tom |date=2014 |title=Flight 93: The Story, the Aftermath, and the Legacy of American Courage on 9/11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MXiFBAAAQBAJ&dq=Ziad+Jarrah+Marwan+Al+Shehhi+5:01+am+cell+phone+call&pg=PA64 |location=[[Lanham, Maryland]] |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1442232853 |access-date=May 25, 2023 |archive-date=September 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911040828/https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Flight_93/MXiFBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Ziad+Jarrah+Marwan+Al+Shehhi+5%3A01+am+cell+phone+call&pg=PA64&printsec=frontcover%3Dfalse |url-status=live |page=64}}</ref> Hamza al-Ghamdi and Ahmed al-Ghamdi checked out of their hotel and called a taxi to take them to [[Logan International Airport]] in [[Boston]], Massachusetts.{{sfn|Federal Bureau of Investigation|2008|p=288}} They arrived at the [[United Airlines]] counter in Terminal C at 06:20 [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern Time]] and Ahmed al-Ghamdi checked two bags. Both hijackers indicated they wanted to purchase tickets, even though they already had paper tickets, which were purchased approximately two weeks before the attacks.{{sfn|Shane|2009}} They had trouble answering the standard security questions, so the counter agent repeated the questions very slowly until satisfied with their responses.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://intelfiles.egoplex.com/2001-09-21-FBI-FD302-gail-jawahir.pdf |title=Interview with Gail Jawahir |date=September 21, 2001 |publisher=Intelfiles |author=Federal Bureau of Investigation |access-date=October 23, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20081026013935/http://intelfiles.egoplex.com/2001-09-21-FBI-FD302-gail-jawahir.pdf |archive-date=October 26, 2008}}</ref> Al-Shehhi checked a single bag at 06:45, and the other remaining hijackers, Fayez Banihammad and Mohand al-Shehri, checked in at 06:53; Banihammad checked two bags.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}} None of the Flight 175 hijackers were selected for extra scrutiny by the [[Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System]] (CAPPS).{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|p=2}} In the meantime, at 06:52, al-Shehhi approached a payphone and called [[Mohamed Atta|Mohamed Atta's]] [[Mobile phone|cellphone]]. Atta was preparing to board American Airlines Flight 11 from another terminal in Logan, and would fly the plane into the North Tower of the World Trade Center 17 minutes before al-Shehhi crashed into the South Tower. Like the earlier conversation with Jarrah, the intent of this final communication was to confirm that they were both ready to go ahead with the attacks.<ref>{{cite report |author=National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States |title=The 9/11 Commission Report |chapter=We have some planes |year=2004 |url=https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf |page=19 |access-date=September 1, 2025 |archive-date=September 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912055527/https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

Al-Shehhi and the other hijackers boarded Flight{{nbs}}175 between 07:23 and 07:28. Banihammad boarded first and sat in [[First class (aviation)|first class]] seat 2A, while Mohand al-Shehri was in seat 2B. At 07:27, al-Shehhi and Ahmed al-Ghamdi boarded and sat in [[business class]] seats 6C and 9D, respectively. One minute later, Hamza al-Ghamdi boarded and sat in 9C.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}}{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|p=2}}

The flight was scheduled to depart at 08:00 for [[Los Angeles]]. Fifty-one passengers and the five hijackers boarded the 767 through Terminal C's Gate 19. The plane pushed back at 07:58 and took off at 08:14 from Runway 9,{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}}{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|pp=7-8}} as Flight 11 was hijacked. Around this time, the Captain and First Officer picked up on an alarming communication from a yet-unidentified aircraft, which they surmised to be the voice of a hijacker; indeed, the communication later turned out to have been made from the cockpit of Flight 11. Though unnerved, they chose not to call it in immediately, instead waiting until they had crossed over from the radio frequencies of [[Boston Air Route Traffic Control Center|Boston Center]] into those of [[Aviation in the New York metropolitan area#Airspace|New York Center]] to avoid being eavesdropped on. By 08:33, the aircraft reached cruising altitude of {{convert|31,000|ft|m}}, which is the point when cabin service would normally begin.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}} Seeking information on the whereabouts of Flight 11, [[air traffic controller]]s asked the pilots of Flight{{nbs}}175 whether they could see the hijacked airliner. The crew could not locate the plane at first, but immediately corrected themselves once they noticed that Flight{{nbs}}11 was at {{convert|29,000|ft|m}}. ATC then instructed the pilots to turn and avoid Flight 11.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ellison |first=Michael |url=https://www.theguardian.com/wtccrash/story/0,1300,575518,00.html |title='We have planes. Stay quiet' – Then silence |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=October 17, 2001 |access-date=April 18, 2007 |location=London |archive-date=September 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911145614/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/17/september11.usa |url-status=live}}</ref> By 08:42, Flight 175 made the transition to the airspace of New York Center, allowing the pilots to report the suspicious transmission they heard while climbing out of Logan. "Sounds like someone keyed the mic and said 'Everyone stay in your seats'," Saracini told Dave Bottiglia, the controller dealing with Flight 11.<ref>{{cite news |title=The eleventh day |url=https://nypost.com/2011/09/11/the-eleventh-day/ |work=The NY Post |date=September 11, 2011 |access-date=May 25, 2023 |archive-date=April 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408022156/https://nypost.com/2011/09/11/the-eleventh-day/ |url-status=live}}</ref> This was the last transmission from Flight{{nbs}}175.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wald |first1=Matthew L. |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9801E3DF163EF935A25753C1A9679C8B63 |title=A Nation Challenged: The Tapes; 'We Have Some Planes,' Hijacker Said on Sept. 11 |date=October 16, 2001 |work=The New York Times |access-date=June 17, 2008 |last2=Sack |first2=Kevin |archive-date=September 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921050238/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9801E3DF163EF935A25753C1A9679C8B63 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|pp=7-8}}

==Hijacking==
The hijacking occurred sometime between 08:42 and 8:46.{{sfn||9/11 Commission|2004a|p=28}} Investigators believe that the al-Ghamdi brothers forced the passengers and crew to the aft of the plane by terrorizing them with knives and bomb threats, while also spraying [[Mace (spray)|mace]] into the confines of the cabin.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|pp=7-8}} A flight attendant was stabbed, and both pilots were murdered by Fayez Banihammad and Mohand al-Shehri when they breached the cockpit, allowing Marwan al-Shehhi to commandeer the flight controls.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|pp=7-8}}{{sfn|NTSB|2002a}} The first operational evidence that something was abnormal on Flight{{nbs}}175 came seconds after the North Tower was struck, when the plane's assigned [[Transponder (aviation)|transponder]] signal changed from "1470" to "3020" and then one minute later to "3321", and the aircraft began deviating from its assigned course.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|pp=7-8}}{{sfn|NTSB|2002a}} However, Bottiglia did not notice until minutes later at 08:51.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}} Unlike Flight{{nbs}}11, which had turned its transponder off, Flight{{nbs}}175's flight data could still be properly monitored.{{sfn|NTSB|2002a}} Also, at 08:51, Flight{{nbs}}175 changed altitude. Over the next three minutes, the controller made five unsuccessful attempts to contact Flight{{nbs}}175 and worked to move other aircraft in the vicinity away from it.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}} At 08:55, a supervisor at the New York Air Traffic Control Center notified the center's operations manager of the Flight{{nbs}}175 hijacking. Now tasked with handling Flight 175, Bottiglia remarked, "We might have a hijack over here, two of them."{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}}

===Near misses===
Around this time, the flight had a near midair collision with [[Delta Air Lines]] Flight{{nbs}}2315 flying from [[Bradley International Airport|Hartford]] to [[Tampa International Airport|Tampa]], reportedly missing the plane by only {{convert|300|feet|metres|-1}}.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="LearningChannel" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.natca.org/community/awards/atc-on-9-11-the-single-greatest-feat-in-all-of-atc-history/ |title=ATC on 9/11 'The Single Greatest Feat in All of ATC History' |access-date=November 21, 2023}}</ref> Bottiglia yelled at the Delta pilot to make collision avoidance maneuvers, adding, "I think [Flight 175] has been hijacked. I don't know his intentions. Take any evasive action necessary."<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=https://www.southcoasttoday.com/article/20020912/NEWS/309129968 |title=Report: hijacked plane nearly hit flight from Bradley |date=September 12, 2002 |access-date=April 18, 2019 |work=SouthCoastToday.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418010256/https://www.southcoasttoday.com/article/20020912/NEWS/309129968 |archive-date=April 18, 2019}}</ref><ref name="LearningChannel"/> It is likely that the [[Traffic collision avoidance system|TCAS]] system was sounding in the cockpit as Flight 175 briefly stopped descending at {{convert|28,000|feet|metres|-1}} and climbed {{convert|300|feet|metres|-1}} and started descending again as soon as they passed the Delta plane.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.natca.org/community/awards/atc-on-9-11-the-single-greatest-feat-in-all-of-atc-history/ |title=ATC on 9/11 'The Single Greatest Feat in All of ATC History' |access-date=November 21, 2023}}</ref> A few moments later, Flight 175 had another near midair collision with [[Trans World Airlines|TWA]] Flight{{nbs}}3 flying from [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York JFK]] to [[St. Louis Lambert International Airport|St. Louis]] missing its tail by around {{convert|500|feet|metres|-1}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nypost.com/2023/09/09/twa-pilot-who-dodged-hijacked-plane-on-9-11-an-unsung-hero-2/ |title=TWA pilot who 'dodged' 2 hijacked planes on 9/11 called unsung hero |date=September 9, 2023 |access-date=November 10, 2023}}</ref> Moments before Flight{{nbs}}175 crashed into the South Tower, it also narrowly avoided colliding with [[Midwest Express]] Flight{{nbs}}7, which was flying from [[Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport|Milwaukee]] to [[New York LaGuardia]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Touching History: The Untold Story of the Drama That Unfolded in the Skies Over America on 9/11 |first=Lynn |last=Spencer |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2008 |isbn=978-1416559252 |pages=74–76 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/touchinghistoryu00spen/page/74}}</ref>

===Calls===
Flight attendant Robert Fangman and passengers Peter Hanson and Brian David Sweeney made [[phone call]]s from GTE [[airphone]]s in the rear of the aircraft. Airphone records also indicate that passenger [[Garnet Bailey]] attempted to call his wife four times.<ref name="P200018">{{Cite web |title=Exhibit #P200018, United States v. Zacarias Moussaoui |url=https://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/101cr00455-trial-exhibits |access-date=July 1, 2011 |publisher=United States District Court, Eastern District of Virginia |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018110847/https://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/101cr00455-trial-exhibits |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="staff4">{{cite web |url=http://www.9-11commission.gov/staff_statements/staff_statement_4.pdf |title=The Four Flights – Staff Statement No. 4 |publisher=9/11 Commission |access-date=July 1, 2011 |archive-date=June 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616203848/http://www.9-11commission.gov/staff_statements/staff_statement_4.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

At 08:52, Robert Fangman called a United Airlines maintenance office in San Francisco and spoke with Marc Policastro.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|pp=7-8}}{{sfn|Davidsson|2013|p=173}} Fangman reported the hijacking and said the hijackers were likely flying the plane. He mentioned that both pilots were dead and that a flight attendant had been stabbed.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|pp=7-8}} After a minute and 15 seconds, the call was disconnected.<ref name="P200018" /> Policastro subsequently made attempts to contact the aircraft's cockpit using the [[Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System]] (ACARS) message system. He wrote, "I heard of a reported incident aboard your acft [aircraft]. Plz verify all is normal." He received no reply.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b}}

Brian David Sweeney tried calling his wife, Julie, at 08:59, but ended up leaving a message letting her know the plane had been hijacked. He then called his parents at 09:00 and spoke with his mother, Louise. Sweeney told his mother about the hijacking and mentioned that passengers were considering storming the cockpit and taking control of the aircraft.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|pp=7-8}} Concerned that the hijackers would return, he informed her that he might have to hang up quickly. After saying their goodbyes, he hung up.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2004/US/03/10/911.call/ |title=Widow: 9/11 passengers planned to resist |date=Mar 10, 2004 |website=CNN |access-date=May 12, 2021 |archive-date=April 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411033817/http://edition.cnn.com/2004/US/03/10/911.call/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

At 08:52, Peter Hanson called his father, Lee Hanson, in [[Easton, Connecticut]]. Hanson was traveling with his wife, Sue, and their two-year-old daughter, Christine, the youngest victim of the [[September 11 attacks]]. The family was originally seated in Row 19, in seats C, D, and E; however, Peter placed the call to his father from seat 30E. Speaking softly, Hanson said the hijackers had commandeered the cockpit, a flight attendant had been stabbed, and that possibly someone else in the front of the aircraft had been killed. He also said the plane was flying erratically. Hanson asked his father to contact United Airlines, but Lee could not get through and instead called the police.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|pp=7-8}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-apr-11-na-moussa11-story.html |title=Moussaoui Jury Hears the Panic From 9/11 |author=Serrano, Richard A. |work=Los Angeles Times |date=April 11, 2006 |access-date=October 24, 2008 |archive-date=December 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225172359/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/apr/11/nation/na-moussa11 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Peter Hanson made a second phone call to his father at 09:00:
<blockquote>It's getting bad, Dad. A stewardess was stabbed. They seem to have knives and [[Mace (spray)|Mace]]. They said they have a bomb. It's getting very bad on the plane. Passengers are throwing up and getting sick. The plane is making jerky movements. I don't think the pilot is flying the plane. I think we are going down. I think they intend to go to [[Chicago]] or someplace and fly into a building. Don't worry, Dad. If it happens, it'll be very fast{{nbs}}... Oh, my God{{nbs}}... oh, my God, oh, my God.<ref name="LearningChannel"/></blockquote>

As the call abruptly ended, Hanson's father heard a woman screaming.<ref name="LearningChannel"/> He then switched on the television, as did Louise Sweeney in her own home, and both witnessed as the plane struck the South Tower.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2006/LAW/04/10/moussaoui.victims/ |title=Father recalls son's last words on 9/11 |author=Hirschkorn, Phil |work=CNN |date=April 11, 2006 |url-status=live |access-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-date=December 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207062054/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/LAW/04/10/moussaoui.victims/}}</ref>
[[File:New York Control tower to NY TRACON.ogg|thumb|Two New York air traffic controllers communicate the positioning of United Airlines Flight 175 live.]]

==Crash==
At 08:58, Flight{{nbs}}175 was over [[New Jersey]] at {{convert|28,500|ft}}, by which point al-Shehhi would have seen the smoke pouring from the North Tower in the distance.<ref name="Mitchell">{{cite book |last=McMillan |first=Tom |date=2014 |title=Flight 93: The Story, the Aftermath, and the Legacy of American Courage on 9/11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MXiFBAAAQBAJ&q=The+sight+must+have+thrilled+him.+Atta+had+struck%3B+we+can+only+guess+that+it+was+a+final+motivation+for+him+to+do+the+same&pg=PA73 |location=[[Lanham, Maryland]] |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |page=73 |isbn=978-1442232853 |access-date=September 10, 2021 |archive-date=September 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911145616/https://books.google.com/books?id=MXiFBAAAQBAJ&q=The+sight+must+have+thrilled+him.+Atta+had+struck%3B+we+can+only+guess+that+it+was+a+final+motivation+for+him+to+do+the+same&pg=PA73 |url-status=live}}</ref> The airplane was in a sustained power dive of more than {{convert|24,000|ft}} in the 5{{nbs}}minutes and 4{{nbs}}seconds between approximately 08:58 and the moment of impact, at an average rate of over {{convert|5,000|ft}} per minute.{{sfn|NTSB|2002a}} Bottiglia later said that he and his colleagues "were counting down the altitudes, and they were descending, right at the end, at 10,000 feet per minute. That is absolutely unheard of for a commercial jet."<ref name="LearningChannel">{{cite web |url=http://tlc.discovery.com/tv-schedules/special.html?paid=2.14966.55526.0.0 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130121204735/http://tlc.discovery.com/tv-schedules/special.html?paid=2.14966.55526.0.0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-21 |title=''Flight 175: As the World Watched'' (TLC documentary) |publisher=[[The Learning Channel]] |date=December 2005}}</ref>
[[File:World Trade Center 9-11 Attacks Illustration with Vertical Impact Locations.svg|thumb|right|Diagram of the impact position of both aircraft]]
{{multiple image
| align     = right
| direction = vertical
| width     = 200
| image1    = World Trade Center, NY - 2001-09-11 - Debris Impact Areas.svg
| image2    = 911 - FEMA - WTC impacts (graphic).svg
| footer    = (Top) Diagram showing how debris from both aircraft fell after the impact<br />(Bottom) World Trade Center site with WTC 2
}}

{{multiple image
| align     = left
| direction = vertical
| width     = 200
| image1    = Final moments of Flight 175.jpg
| image2    = UA Flight 175 hits WTC south tower 9-11.jpeg
| image3    = WTC 2nd plane hit - Greenwich Street.jpg
| footer    = (Top) Flight 175, seconds before crashing into the South Tower (only the northern facade is visible) as the North Tower burns.<br />(Middle) Flight 175 explodes after hitting the South Tower.<br />(Bottom) Smoke rising from the South Tower seconds after the crash as seen from Greenwich Street.
}}

Two minutes before impact, New York Center alerted another nearby Air Traffic Facility responsible for low-flying aircraft, which was able to monitor Flight 175's path as it flew over New Jersey, followed by [[Staten Island]] and [[Upper New York Bay]] as al-Shehhi lined the plane up to strike the South Tower.{{sfn|NTSB|2002a}} The aircraft was in a banking left turn in its final moments, as it appeared the plane might have otherwise missed the building or merely scraped it with a wing. Therefore, those on the left side would have had a clear view of the towers approaching, with one burning.<ref name="LearningChannel"/> The airplane crashed nose-first into the South Tower's southern façade at a speed of around {{convert|587|mph|ft/s km/h m/s kn}},{{efn|Sources disagree on the exact speed of impact. NTSB study in 2002 concluded around {{cvt|587|mph|kn m/s km/h}},{{sfn|NTSB|2002b}} whereas MIT study concluded {{cvt|503|mph|kn m/s km/h}}.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kausel |first1=Eduardo |title=Speed of Aircraft |publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] |url=http://web.mit.edu/civenv/wtc/PDFfiles/Chapter%20III%20Aircraft%20speed.pdf |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-date=May 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511123620/http://web.mit.edu/civenv/wtc/PDFfiles/Chapter%20III%20Aircraft%20speed.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>}} striking floors 77 through 85<ref name="DailyNews">{{Cite news |last=Weiss |first=Dick |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/sports/college/touching-9-11-tribute-welles-crowther-selfless-hero-central-florida-boston-college-game-article-1.955409 |title=Touching 9/11 tribute to Welles Crowther, selfless hero, before Central Florida-Boston College game |date=September 11, 2011 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|NY Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=March 7, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043246/https://www.nydailynews.com/sports/college/touching-9-11-tribute-welles-crowther-selfless-hero-central-florida-boston-college-game-article-1.955409 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|p=293}} with approximately {{convert|9100|U.S.gal|L impgal}} of jet fuel on board.{{sfn|NIST|2005|p=38}}<ref name=":2" /> All passengers and  hijackers on board were killed instantly.
By the time Flight 175 struck the South Tower at 09:03,{{efn|The exact time is disputed. The 9/11 Commission report says 9:03:11,{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|pp=7-8}}{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004b|p=24}} NIST reports 9:02:59,{{sfn|NIST|2005|p=27}} some other sources report 9:03:02.<ref>{{cite news |title=Timeline for United Airlines Flight 175 |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1962517 |newspaper=NPR |date=June 17, 2004 |language=en |access-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824221736/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1962517 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Rinaldi |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y_wlCwAAQBAJ&dq=south+tower+9:03:02+am&pg=PT80 |title=The Red Bandanna (Young Readers Adaptation) |date=2017-09-05 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-425-28763-7 |language=en}}</ref> multiple media organizations were already covering the first plane crash in the North Tower 17 minutes earlier, with millions watching all around the globe.<ref>{{cite news |author=Deans |first=Jason |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2001/sep/12/overnights.september112001 |access-date=September 12, 2001 |title='Within 10 minutes of the first crash, around 4m people were in front of a TV watching the tragedy unfold.' |work=The Guardian |url-status=live |archive-date=August 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825144716/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2001/sep/12/overnights.september112001}}</ref> The image of Flight{{nbs}}175's crash was thus caught on video from multiple vantage points on live television and amateur video, while close to a hundred cameras captured Flight{{nbs}}175 in photographs before it crashed.<ref>{{cite news |author=Boxer |first=Sarah |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0DEED71F3EF932A2575AC0A9649C8B63 |title=One Camera, Then Thousands, Indelibly Etching a Day of Loss |date=September 11, 2002 |work=The New York Times |access-date=November 17, 2008 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911145703/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/11/us/eyewitnesses-one-camera-then-thousands-indelibly-etching-a-day-of-loss.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Video footage of the crash was replayed numerous times in news broadcasts on the day of the attacks and in the days that followed, before major news networks put restrictions on use of the footage.<ref>{{cite news |author=Bauder |first=David |date=August 21, 2002 |title=The violent images of 9-11 will return to television screens, but to what extent? |url=http://www.boston.com/news/packages/sept11/anniversary/wire_stories/0908_tv.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208131645/http://boston.com/news/packages/sept11/anniversary/wire_stories/0908_tv.htm |archive-date=February 8, 2009 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |work=The Boston Globe |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> The initial assumption was that the crash of Flight 11 had been an accident, a mistaken belief that also hindered the process of immediately evacuating the South Tower after the first plane struck the North.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5335a3.htm |title=Preliminary Results from the World Trade Center Evacuation Study – New York City, 2003 |access-date=November 30, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=December 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204032648/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5335a3.htm}}</ref> This was dispelled when Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower.<ref>{{cite news |title=9:03 a.m.: The 9/11 moment when many grasped a new reality |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/09/10/903-a-m-the-9-11-moment-when-many-grasped-a-new-reality/ |website=[[The Mercury News]] |date=September 10, 2021 |access-date=November 30, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=November 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130094708/https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/09/10/903-a-m-the-9-11-moment-when-many-grasped-a-new-reality/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='By 9:05 a.m., it was clear America was under attack' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/11/it-was-the-loudest-explosion-ive-ever-heard-a-9/11-survivor-on-her-harrowing-escape-from-the-pentagon.html |website=[[CNBC]] |date=September 11, 2021 |access-date=November 30, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=November 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130094707/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/11/it-was-the-loudest-explosion-ive-ever-heard-a-9/11-survivor-on-her-harrowing-escape-from-the-pentagon.html}}</ref>

The [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|Port Authority]] initiated an immediate full-scale evacuation of the North Tower within moments of Flight 11's impact. However, the same was not done for the South Tower during the 17-minute window between the two impacts; instead, the Port Authority instructed workers to remain in place.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|p=334-335}} In spite of these hindrances, the number of people who would have been killed in the South Tower still reduced considerably after the first plane crash, and an estimated 2,900 descended from what would later be the trapped floors before the tower was even hit.<ref name=ncstar1.pdf/>{{Reference page|page=92}}

Nonetheless, more than 600 people were still present on floors 77–110 when the plane struck. The impact killed hundreds, including everyone on the plane and many more inside the South Tower.  Unlike at the North Tower, however, a single stairway was mostly intact from top to bottom after Flight{{nbs}}175 crashed into the South Tower. This was because Flight 11 crashed almost directly midway into the North Tower's central core and severed all escape routes from the 92nd floor up, but al-Shehhi flew the plane into the eastern half of the South Tower's southern facade near the southeast corner while also banking at a severe angle, narrowly missing Stairwell A in the northwest corner.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|p=293}}<ref name="102Mins2">{{cite news |last1=Dwyer |first1=Jim |last2=Lipton |first2=Eric |last3=Flynn |first3=Kevin |last4=Glanz |first4=James |last5=Fessenden |first5=Ford |display-authors=2 |date=May 26, 2002 |title=102 Minutes: Last Words at the Trade Center; Fighting to Live as the Towers Die |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/26/nyregion/102-minutes-last-words-at-the-trade-center-fighting-to-live-as-the-towers-die.html |url-status=dead |access-date=May 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114063928/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/26/nyregion/102-minutes-last-words-at-the-trade-center-fighting-to-live-as-the-towers-die.html |archive-date=November 14, 2013 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Only 18 people passed the impact zone through the available stairway and left the South Tower safely before it collapsed. One of these survivors, [[Stanley Praimnath]], saw the plane coming toward him.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|p=294}}<ref name="LearningChannel2">{{cite web |url=http://tlc.discovery.com/tv-schedules/special.html?paid=2.14966.55526.0.0 |title=''Flight 175: As the World Watched'' (TLC documentary) |date=December 2005 |publisher=[[The Learning Channel]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130121204735/http://tlc.discovery.com/tv-schedules/special.html?paid=2.14966.55526.0.0 |archive-date=2013-01-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Smoke, isolated fires and hot gases ventilating through the stairs compelled those who were trapped to either avoid using them entirely, or to head upward in the hopes of a rooftop rescue,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/18/september11.usa3 |title=Distant voices, still lives, 08:00-09:35 |website=[[The Guardian]] |date=18 August 2002 |access-date=May 16, 2023 |url-status=live |language=en |archive-date=May 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516223107/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/18/september11.usa3}}</ref> while it has been suggested that others may have been in the process of descending from the impact zone when the tower collapsed at 09:59.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|p=314}}<ref name=ncstar1.pdf/>{{Reference page|page=239}} In any case, those who did not make it out succumbed to the fire and smoke or the tower's eventual collapse. Three people were spotted falling to their deaths from the upper floors of the South Tower, two of whom had jumped to escape conditions inside; firefighter [[Daniel Suhr]] reporting to the South Tower was killed when one of these two landed on him.{{efn|The NIST report documented three victims who fell from the South Tower's east face, one of whom had evidently jumped to his death<ref name=ncstar1-5av2.pdf>{{cite book |last=National Institute of Standards and Technology |title=Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster |year=2005 |url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-5av2.pdf |access-date=May 16, 2023 |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530012855/https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-5av2.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|34}} and two more who had tried to climb down.<ref name=ncstar1-5av2.pdf/>{{rp|46,52}} The fourth victim went unnoticed by NIST, but was a woman<ref>{{Cite news |last=Caldwell |first=Vanessa |url=https://www.cbc.ca/documentaries/the-passionate-eye/september-11-2001-5-firsthand-stories-from-people-who-survived-1.6130622 |title=September 11, 2001: 5 firsthand stories from people who survived |date=September 11, 2021 |publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |access-date=May 15, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=March 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306234907/https://www.cbc.ca/documentaries/the-passionate-eye/september-11-2001-5-firsthand-stories-from-people-who-survived-1.6130622 |url-status=live}}</ref> who jumped<ref>{{cite news |title=9/11 Tribute Museum Future in Jeopardy Without Immediate Assistance |url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/9-11-tribute-museum-future-in-jeopardy-without-immediate-assistance/3606000/ |website=[[WNBC]] |date=March 18, 2022 |access-date=May 15, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=May 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516050114/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/9-11-tribute-museum-future-in-jeopardy-without-immediate-assistance/3606000/}}</ref> from the tower's south face and landed on firefighter Danny Suhr near the intersection of West and Liberty Streets.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|p=314}}}}

The impact of Flight 175 also did some minor damage to the already-burning North Tower, as some windows on the east face nearest to the South Tower blew out the moment the pressure wave generated by the fireball hit them,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2017/05/09/WTC_total__rept.pdf |title=Initial Model for Fires in the World Trade Center Towers |work=National Institute of Standards and Technology |access-date=January 2, 2023 |url-status=live |page=17 |archive-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321223749/https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2017/05/09/WTC_total__rept.pdf}}</ref> worsening the fires in the North Tower.<ref name=ncstar1-5av1.pdf>{{cite book |last=National Institute of Standards and Technology |title=Visual Evidence, Damage Estimates, And Timeline Analysis |year=2005 |url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-5av1.pdf |access-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-date=September 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911011051/https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-5av1.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>{{Reference page|page=63}} After the plane passed through the tower, part of the plane's [[landing gear]] and [[fuselage]] came out the north side of the skyscraper and crashed through the roof and two of the floors of 45–47 Park Place, between [[West Broadway (Manhattan)|West Broadway]] and [[Church Street (Manhattan)|Church Street]], {{convert|600|ft|yd m}} north of the former World Trade Center. Three floor beams of the top floor of the building were destroyed, causing major structural damage.{{sfn|NTSB|2002b}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Klersfeld |first1=Noah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7fBUAAAAMAAJ |title=World Trade Center emergency damage assessment of buildings: Structural Engineers Association of New York inspections of September and October 2001 |last2=Nordenson |first2=Guy |last3=and Associates, LZA Technology |publisher=Structural Engineers Association of New York |year=2003 |volume=1 |access-date=August 3, 2010 |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907051213/https://books.google.com/books?id=7fBUAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Noah |first1=Klersfeld |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7fBUAAAAMAAJ |title=World Trade Center emergency damage ... |last2=Nordenson |first2=Guy |last3=Associates |first3=and |last4=(Firm) |first4=L.Z.A. Technology |date=January 3, 2008 |publisher=Structural Engineers Association of New York |access-date=August 8, 2010 |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907051213/https://books.google.com/books?id=7fBUAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vkxSAAAAMAAJ |title=World Trade Center building ... |date=May 2002 |access-date=August 8, 2010 |last1=Corley |first1=Gene |last2=Federal Insurance And Mitigation Administration |first2=United States |last3=Region Ii |first3=United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency |last4=O'Mara |first4=Greenhorne |publisher=Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration |isbn=978-0160673894 |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907051213/https://books.google.com/books?id=vkxSAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
{{Main|Collapse of the World Trade Center}}
Flight 175's crash into the South Tower was faster and lower down than that of the North Tower, impacting close to a corner rather than midway into the structure, compromising its structural integrity more. Thus, there was far more structural weight pressing down on an unbalanced, damaged section of the building on fire.<ref>{{cite news |date=February 23, 2002 |title=A Nation Challenged: the Trade Center Crashes; First Tower to Fall Was Hit At Higher Speed, Study Finds |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/23/us/nation-challenged-trade-center-crashes-first-tower-fall-was-hit-higher-speed.html |url-status=live |access-date=October 15, 2022 |archive-date=October 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016011731/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/23/us/nation-challenged-trade-center-crashes-first-tower-fall-was-hit-higher-speed.html}}</ref> The South Tower [[Collapse of the World Trade Center|collapsed]] at 9:59 A.M.<ref name=ncstar1-5av1.pdf/>{{Reference page|page=80}}<ref>{{cite book |last=9/11 Final Report of the National Commission |title=Collapse of WTC2 |year=2004 |url=https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf |access-date=August 12, 2021 |archive-date=September 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912055527/https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>{{Reference page|page=322}} after burning for 56 minutes.{{efn|NIST and the 9/11 Commission both give the time as 9:58:59 a.m., which is subsequently rounded to 9:59 for simplicity. If the Commission's claim that the South Tower was struck at 9:03:11 is to be believed, then it collapsed after 55 minutes and 48 seconds, not 56 minutes.}} Flight 175's impact did not directly cause the collapse of the south tower, but rather the fires caused by the aircraft's jet fuel were the reason for the collapse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Did the World Trade Center Collapse? |url=https://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/jom/0112/eagar/eagar-0112.html |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=www.tms.org}}</ref> The South Tower was the first of the two skyscrapers to collapse despite being the second to be hit. Nobody who was in the South Tower at the time of its collapse survived.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/nation/2021/09/05/people-who-survived-collapse-twin-towers-september-11/5453485001/ |title=USA Today |website=www.usatoday.com |access-date=May 15, 2023}}</ref>

The flight recorders for Flight{{nbs}}175, as with Flight{{nbs}}11's, were never found.{{sfn|9/11 Commission|2004a|p=456}} Some debris from Flight{{nbs}}175 was recovered nearby, including the landing gear found on top of a building on the corner of West Broadway and Park Place, an engine found at Church and Murray Street, and a section of the fuselage which landed on top of [[5 World Trade Center (1972–2001)|5 World Trade Center]].{{sfn|NISTb|2005}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Blumenthal |first1=Ralph |last2=Mowjood |first2=Sharaf |title=Muslim Prayers and Renewal Near Ground Zero |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/09/nyregion/09mosque.html |work=The New York Times |date=8 December 2009 |access-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-date=August 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826202236/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/09/nyregion/09mosque.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2013, a piece of the inboard wing flap mechanism from a [[Boeing]] 767<ref>{{cite news |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/29/plane-debris-near-ground-zero-is-identified-as-part-of-a-wing-flap/ |work=The New York Times |first=J. David |last=Goodman |title=Jet Debris Near 9/11 Site Is Identified as Wing Part |date=April 29, 2013 |access-date=May 8, 2013 |archive-date=January 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104140602/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/29/plane-debris-near-ground-zero-is-identified-as-part-of-a-wing-flap/ |url-status=live}}</ref> was discovered wedged between two buildings at Park Place.<ref>{{cite news |last=Goldstein |first=Joseph |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/27/nyregion/airplane-debris-found-near-world-trade-center-site.html?_r=1& |title=11 Years Later, Debris From Plane Is Found Near Ground Zero |date=April 26, 2013 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 20, 2017 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908063033/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/27/nyregion/airplane-debris-found-near-world-trade-center-site.html?_r=1& |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:WTC collapse before and after.jpg|thumb|After burning for 56 minutes, the South Tower collapsed at 9:59, 29 minutes before the North Tower's collapse, despite being hit 17 minutes later.]]
During the recovery process, small fragments were identified from some passengers on Flight{{nbs}}175, including a {{cvt|6|in|cm}} piece of bone belonging to Peter Hanson,<ref>{{cite news |title=Moussaoui jurors hear 9/11 victims' final calls |author=Gordon, Greg |work=Star Tribune |location=Minneapolis |date=April 11, 2006}}</ref> and small bone fragments of Lisa Frost.<ref>{{cite news |title=Her parents now have the 9/11 victim's cremated remains with them in Orange County |author=Radcliffe, Jim |work=Orange County Register |date=May 20, 2005}}</ref> In 2008, the remains of Flight{{nbs}}175 passenger Alona Abraham were identified using DNA samples.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3501421,00.html |title=September 11 victim laid to rest |work=[[Ynetnews]].com |last=Hadad |first=Shmulik |date=January 31, 2008 |access-date=July 4, 2017 |archive-date=September 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921045846/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3501421,00.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Remains of many others aboard Flight{{nbs}}175 were never recovered.<ref>{{cite news |title=Adding to Grief; Families of Many Victims of the World Trade Center Attack Deal With the Prospect of Never Having Their Remains Identified |work=Buffalo News |date=August 21, 2003 |author=Vogel, Charity}}</ref>

United Airlines retired the [[flight number]]s 175 and [[United Airlines Flight 93|93]] after the attacks. It was reported in May 2011 that the company was reactivating them as a codeshare operated by [[Continental Airlines]], sparking an outcry from some in the media and the [[labor union]] representing United pilots.<ref>{{cite news |author=Mutzabaugh |first=Ben |url=http://travel.usatoday.com/flights/post/2011/05/unions-slam-united-for-accidentally-reinstating-911-flight-numbers/170842/1 |title=Unions slam United for mistakenly reinstating 9/11 flight numbers |date=May 18, 2011 |work=USA Today |access-date=March 21, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104202329/http://travel.usatoday.com/flights/post/2011/05/unions-slam-united-for-accidentally-reinstating-911-flight-numbers/170842/1 |archive-date=January 4, 2014}}</ref><ref name="reactivation"/><ref>{{cite news |last=McCartney |first=Scott |date=May 18, 2011 |title=Bad Mistake: United Revives Sept. 11 Flight Numbers |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/middleseat/2011/05/18/bad-mistake-united-revives-sept-11-flight-numbers/?mod=google_news_blog |access-date=March 21, 2014 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=November 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112031934/http://blogs.wsj.com/middleseat/2011/05/18/bad-mistake-united-revives-sept-11-flight-numbers/?mod=google_news_blog |url-status=live}}</ref> United said the numbers were "inadvertently reinstated" and would not be reactivated.<ref name="reactivation">{{cite news |author=Romero |first=Frances |date=May 18, 2011 |title=Flight Number Flub: United/Continental Accidentally Reinstates Flights 93 and 175 |publisher=Time |url=https://newsfeed.time.com/2011/05/18/flight-number-flub-unitedcontinental-accidentally-reinstates-flights-93-and-175/ |access-date=March 21, 2014 |archive-date=December 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219220638/http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/05/18/flight-number-flub-unitedcontinental-accidentally-reinstates-flights-93-and-175/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The names of the victims of Flight{{nbs}}175 are inscribed at the [[National September&nbsp;11 Memorial & Museum]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memorial Guide &#124; National September 11th Memorial & Museum |url=https://names.911memorial.org/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=names.911memorial.org |archive-date=May 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528022701/https://names.911memorial.org/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The federal government provided financial aid{{snd}}a minimum of $500,000{{snd}}for the families of victims who died in the attack. Individuals who accepted funds from the government were required to forfeit their ability to sue any entity for damages.<ref>{{cite web |title=Homefront: Details of Sept. 11 Victims Payments |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=92061&page=1 |website=ABC News |access-date=24 August 2021 |language=en |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824220321/https://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=92061&page=1 |url-status=live}}</ref> More than $7 billion has been paid out to victims by the [[September 11th Victim Compensation Fund]], although that figure includes damages to those who were injured or killed on the other hijacked flights or the towers.<ref name=NYTBavis/> In total, lawsuits were filed on behalf of 96 people against the airline and associated companies. The vast majority were settled under terms that were not made public, but the total compensation is estimated to be around $500 million.<ref name=NYTSettled>{{cite news |last1=Weiser |first1=Benjamin |title=Family and United Airlines Settle Last 9/11 Wrongful-Death Lawsuit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/nyregion/last-911-wrongful-death-suit-is-settled.html |work=The New York Times |date=19 September 2011 |access-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824220321/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/nyregion/last-911-wrongful-death-suit-is-settled.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=NYTBavis/> Only one lawsuit progressed to a civil trial; a wrongful death filing by the family of Mark Bavis against the airline, Boeing, and the airport's security company.<ref name=NYTBavis>{{cite news |last1=Moynihan |first1=Colin |title=Timetable Is Set for the Only Civil Trial in a 9/11 Death |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/21/nyregion/21bavis.html |work=The New York Times |date=21 October 2010 |access-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824220321/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/21/nyregion/21bavis.html |url-status=live}}</ref> This was eventually settled in September 2011.<ref name=NYTSettled/> US President George Bush, other top officials, and various government agencies were also sued by Ellen Mariani, widow of passenger Louis Neil Mariani.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Hampshire woman sues Bush, top officials, over 9-11 |url=https://archive.triblive.com/news/new-hampshire-woman-sues-bush-top-officials-over-9-11/ |work=Triblive |agency=The Associated Press |date=September 24, 2003 |access-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824221834/https://archive.triblive.com/news/new-hampshire-woman-sues-bush-top-officials-over-9-11/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sept. 11 widow sues United Airlines |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2001/LAW/12/20/wtc.united.lawsuit/ |date=December 20, 2001 |website=CNN |access-date=August 12, 2021 |archive-date=August 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812041727/http://edition.cnn.com/2001/LAW/12/20/wtc.united.lawsuit/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=United Is Sued by Wife of a Man Who Died in Trade Center Attack |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1008870309807241840 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=20 December 2001 |access-date=August 12, 2021 |archive-date=August 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812041726/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1008870309807241840 |url-status=live}}</ref> Her cases were deemed to be frivolous.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiser |first1=Benjamin |title=Court Penalizes a Lawyer Over Slurs in a 9/11 Filing |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/16/nyregion/slurs-were-used-in-a-filing-tied-to-9-11-court-says.html |work=The New York Times |date=16 May 2013 |access-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824220323/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/16/nyregion/slurs-were-used-in-a-filing-tied-to-9-11-court-says.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" width="200">
File:FEMA - 12390 - Photograph by Gene Corley taken on 10-25-2001 in New York.jpg|A piece of fuselage on the roof of 5{{nbs}}World Trade Center
File:Engine parts of flight 175.jpg|Airplane engine parts from Flight{{nbs}}175
File:4.28.12Flight175PanelS-2ByLuigiNovi3.jpg|Panel S-2 of the National September{{nbs}}11 Memorial & Museum's South Pool, one of three on which the names of victims from Flight{{nbs}}175 are inscribed
File:September 2018 Portion of Fuselage from UA Flight 175 (43874963254).jpg|A portion of the fuselage from the flight
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation|New York City|2000s}}
* [[Malaysian Airline System Flight 653]]
* [[Indian Airlines Flight 814]]
* [[TWA Flight 847]]
* [[List of aircraft hijackings]]
* [[2 World Trade Center (1971–2001)]]

==References==
=== Notes ===
{{notelist}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Shane |first1=J.M. |title=A New Understanding of Terrorism |chapter=September 11 Terrorist Attacks Against the United States and the Law Enforcement Response |date=2009 |pages=99–142 |editor1-last=Haberfeld |editor1-first=M.R. |editor2-last=von Hassell |editor2-first=Agostino |doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-0115-6_7 |isbn=978-1441901149}}
* {{cite report |title=Final Report of the 9/11 Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States |date=July 22, 2004 |publisher=National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States |access-date=August 15, 2021 |url=https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf |ref={{harvid|9/11 Commission|2004a}} |archive-date=August 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816164111/https://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf |url-status=live}}
* {{cite report |title=Staff Report of the 9/11 Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States |date=September 2005 |orig-date=August 26, 2004 |publisher=National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States |access-date=August 15, 2021 |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/9-11/staff-report-sept2005.pdf |ref={{harvid|9/11 Commission|2004b}} |archive-date=July 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712075041/http://www.archives.gov/research/9-11/staff-report-sept2005.pdf |url-status=live}}
* {{cite web |url=https://vault.fbi.gov/9-11%20Commission%20Report/9-11-chronology-part-02-of-02/ |title=Hijackers' Timeline |website=vault.fbi.gov |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |date=February 4, 2008 |ref={{harvid|Federal Bureau of Investigation|2008}} |access-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-date=August 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809234014/https://vault.fbi.gov/9-11%20Commission%20Report/9-11-chronology-part-02-of-02/ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/foia/9_11/Flight_Path_Study_UA175.pdf |title=Flight Path Study – United Airlines Flight 175 |date=February 19, 2002 |publisher=National Transportation Safety Board |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921104818/http://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/foia/9_11/Flight_Path_Study_UA175.pdf |archive-date=September 21, 2012 |access-date=April 18, 2007 |ref={{harvid|NTSB|2002a}}}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.911myths.com/images/c/c1/Radar_Data_Impact_Speed_Study--AA11%2C_UA175.pdf |title=Radar Data Impact Speed Study |date=February 7, 2002 |publisher=National Transportation Safety Board |page=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219230238/http://911myths.com/images/c/c1/Radar_Data_Impact_Speed_Study--AA11%2C_UA175.pdf |archive-date=December 19, 2007 |access-date=December 29, 2010 |ref={{harvid|NTSB|2002b}}}}
* {{cite report |title=Final Report on the Collapse of the World Trade Center Towers |author=National Construction Safety Team |date=September 2005 |work=National Institute of Standards and Technology |publisher=United States Department of Commerce |access-date=May 21, 2008 |url=http://wtc.nist.gov/NISTNCSTAR1CollapseofTowers.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527193541/http://wtc.nist.gov/NISTNCSTAR1CollapseofTowers.pdf |archive-date=May 27, 2008 |url-status=dead |ref={{harvid|NIST|2005}}}}
* {{cite report |title=Visual Evidence, Damage Estimates, and Timeline Analysis |author=Building and Fire Research Laboratory |work=National Institute of Standards and Technology |publisher=United States Department of Commerce |date=September 2005 |url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-5av1.pdf |ref={{harvid|NISTb|2005}} |access-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-date=September 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911011051/https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-5av1.pdf |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last1=Davidsson |first1=Elias |title=Hijacking America's Mind On 9/11: Counterfeiting Evidence |date=2013 |publisher=Algora Publishing |isbn=978-0875869742}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/index.htm The Final 9/11 Commission Report] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20100807204647/http://www.gpoaccess.gov//911/index.html Archive])
* [http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/memorial CNN September 11 Memorial page, with passenger and crew lists] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20181004093411/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/memorial/ Archive])
* [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB196/index.htm Government Releases Detailed Information on 9/11 Crashes]
* [http://www.airliners.net/open.file?id=0188174 Picture of aircraft Pre 9/11]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010911230658/http://www.ual.com/ September 11, 2001 archive of United Airlines site with condolences for deceased] ([https://archive.today/20010911230658/http://www.ual.com/ Archive])
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010913051614/http://www.ual.com/ Page with additional information, from September 12, 2001] ([https://archive.today/20010913051614/http://www.ual.com/ Archive])

{{Sept11}}
{{Aviation incidents and accidents in 2001}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in the 2000s}}
{{United Continental Holdings}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:United Airlines Flight 0175}}
[[Category:United Airlines Flight 175| ]]
[[Category:2001 fires in the United States]]
[[Category:2001 in New York City]]
[[Category:2001 in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 767]]
[[Category:Aircraft hijackings in the United States]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by hijacking]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents in New York City]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents involving deliberate crashes]]
[[Category:Airliners involved in the September 11 attacks]]
[[Category:Attacks in the United States in 2001]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 2001]]
[[Category:Filmed murder–suicides]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in the United States]]
[[Category:Mass murder in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Murder–suicides in New York City]]
[[Category:Murder in New York City]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 2001]]
[[Category:2001 murders in the United States]]
[[Category:Logan International Airport]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in the United States in 2001]]
[[Category:United Airlines accidents and incidents|175]]
[[Category:World Trade Center]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 2001]]
[[Category:Mass murder in New York City]]
[[Category:September 2001 crimes in the United States]]
[[Category:Filmed deaths during aviation accidents and incidents]]