View source for United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon

{{Short description|1978 UN-NATO peacekeeping mission following the Israeli invasion of Lebanon}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox organization
| image          = United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon Logo.svg
| image_size     = 250px
| name           = United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
| map            = UNIFIL Deployment 2018.jpg
| map_size       = 
| map_caption    = UNIFIL deployment, as of 2018
| type           = [[United Nations peacekeeping|Peacekeeping mission]]
| abbreviation   = UNIFIL
| leader_title   = Head
| leader_name    = ''Head of Mission'' <br /> {{flagdeco|Spain}} {{flagdeco|NATO}} [[Lieutenant general|Lt. Gen.]] [[Aroldo Lázaro Sáenz]]
| status         = Active
| formation      = {{start date and age|1978|03|19|df=yes}}
| headquarters   = [[Naqoura]], Lebanon
| website        = [https://unifil.unmissions.org/ unifil.unmissions.org]
| parent_organization = [[United Nations Security Council]]
| subsidiaries = 
| footnotes    = 
}}

[[File:Italian Army - Mechanized Brigade "Granatieri di Sardegna" patrol in Lebanon May 2020 - 03.png|thumb|[[Italian Army]] [[Mechanized Brigade "Granatieri di Sardegna"]] squad patrolling the [[Blue Line (Lebanon)|Blue Line]] during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]]]

The '''United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon''' ({{langx|ar|قوة الأمم المتحدة المؤقتة في لبنان}}; {{langx|he|כוח האו"ם הזמני בלבנון}}), or '''UNIFIL''' ({{langx|ar|يونيفيل}}; {{langx|he|יוניפי״ל}}) is a [[United Nations]] peacekeeping mission established on 19 March 1978 by [[United Nations Security Council]] Resolutions [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 425|425]] and [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 426|426]], and several further resolutions in 2006 to confirm [[Hezbollah]] demilitarisation, support Lebanese army operations against insurgents and weapon smuggling, and confirming [[Israel]]i withdrawal from [[Lebanon]], in order to ensure that the [[Politics of Lebanon|government of Lebanon]] would restore its effective authority in the area.<ref name="UNSup5">{{cite web
 |url         = http://legal.un.org/repertory/art98/english/rep_supp5_vol5-art98_e.pdf#pagemode=none
 |title       = Extracts relating to Article 98 of the Charter of the United Nations: Supplement No 5 (1970–1978)
 |access-date  = 6 August 2006
 |work        = Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs
 |publisher   = United Nations
 |pages       = §275–279
 |url-status  = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20131019222951/http://legal.un.org/repertory/art98/english/rep_supp5_vol5-art98_e.pdf#pagemode=none
 |archive-date = 19 October 2013
}}
</ref> The [[1978 South Lebanon conflict]] came in the context of [[Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon]] and the [[Lebanese Civil War]].

The mandate had to be adjusted due to the [[1982 Lebanon War|Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982]] and after the [[South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)#2000 Israeli withdrawal and collapse of South Lebanon Army|Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon in 2000]]. Following the [[2006 Lebanon War]], the United Nations Security Council enhanced UNIFIL and added additional tasks to the mandate such as aiding displaced persons.

UNIFIL's mandate is renewed annually by the [[United Nations Security Council]]; it was most recently extended on 28 August 2024 with the passing of [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 2749]]. It is composed of 10,000 peacekeepers from 46 nations, tasked with helping the Lebanese Army keep the south of the country protected from "unauthorized armed personnel, such as [[Hezbollah]]".<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/unifil-mandate-renewed-peacekeepers-to-help-lebanese-army-678174 |title=UNIFIL mandate renewed, peacekeepers to help Lebanese Army |website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com|date=30 August 2021 }}</ref> Its funding is approved on an annual basis by the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]]. It had a budget of $474 million for the period July 2018 to June 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://undocs.org/en/A/C.5/72/25 |title=Approved resources for peacekeeping operations for the period from 1 July 2018 to 30 June 2019 |work=[[United Nations General Assembly]] |publisher=[[United Nations]] |date=5 July 2018 |access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref>

== Mandate ==
[[File:Lebanon, Al Yatun 7-16 (1981).jpg|thumb|Dutch UNIFIL base, 1981]]
[[File:Sisu XA-180.jpg|thumb|A [[Patria Pasi variants|Finnish XA-180]] in the UNIFIL operation in [[Lebanon]]]]
[[File:FMR Fiji.jpg|thumb|[[Fiji]]an soldiers visiting UNIFIL OP during a patrol]]

According to its Mandate, established by [[United Nations Security Council]] [[United Nations Security Council Resolution|Resolutions]] [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 425|425]] and [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 426|426]] in 1978, UNIFIL is tasked with the following objectives:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unifil.unmissions.org/unifil-mandate |title=UNIFIL Mandate |date=9 March 2016 |publisher=United Nations |access-date=9 February 2021}}</ref><blockquote>
*confirm the withdrawal of Israeli forces from southern Lebanon.
*restore international peace and security.
*assist the Government of Lebanon in ensuring the return of its effective authority in the area.</blockquote>
In addition, several further [[United Nations Security Council Resolution|Security Council resolutions]] have reaffirmed and expanded the mission's mandate, including:
*31 January 2006: SC Resolution 1655<ref>United Nations, [https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8625.doc.htm Security Council extends UN force in Lebanon until 31 July, unanimously adopting Resolution 1655 (2006)]. Retrieved 12 August 2006</ref>
*31 July 2006: SC Resolution 1697<ref>United Nations, [https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8793.doc.htm Security Council extends United Nations force in Lebanon, unanimously adopting Resolution 1697 (2006)]. Retrieved 12 August 2006</ref>
*11 August 2006: [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701|SC Resolution 1701]]<ref>United Nations, [https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2006/sc8808.doc.htm Security Council calls for end to hostilities between Hizbollah, Israel, unanimously adopting Resolution 1701 (2006)]. Retrieved 12 August 2006</ref>

Under SC Resolution 1701, UNIFIL's mandate was expanded, giving it new duties:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unifil.unmissions.org/unifil-mandate |title=UNIFIL Mandate |date=2 December 2019|publisher=United Nations |access-date=19 July 2024}}</ref><blockquote>
*Monitor the cessation of hostilities.
*Accompany and support the Lebanese armed forces as they deploy throughout the South, including along the Blue Line, as Israel withdraws its armed forces from Lebanon.
*Coordinate its activities referred to in the preceding paragraph (above) with the Government of Lebanon and the Government of Israel.
*Extend its assistance to help ensure humanitarian access to civilian populations and the voluntary and safe return of displaced persons.
*Assist the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) in taking steps towards the establishment between the Blue Line and the Litani river of an area free of any armed personnel, assets and weapons other than those of the Government of Lebanon and of UNIFIL deployed in this area.
*Assist the Government of Lebanon, at its request, in securing its borders and other entry points to prevent the entry in Lebanon without its consent of arms or related materiel.</blockquote>

In addition, UNIFIL was also authorized to: <blockquote>take all necessary action in areas of deployment of its forces and as it deems within its capabilities, to ensure that its area of operations is not utilized for hostile activities of any kind, to resist attempts by forceful means to prevent it from discharging its duties under the mandate of the Security Council, and to protect United Nations personnel, facilities, installations and equipment, ensure the security and freedom of movement of United Nations personnel, humanitarian workers and, without prejudice to the responsibility of the Government of Lebanon, to protect civilians under imminent threat of physical violence.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://press.un.org/en/2006/sc8808.doc.htm |title=SECURITY COUNCIL CALLS FOR END TO HOSTILITIES BETWEEN HIZBOLLAH, ISRAEL, UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTING RESOLUTION 1701 (2006) |date=11 August 2006 |publisher=UN Press |access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref></blockquote>

==History==
{{main|Lebanese Civil War}}

The first UNIFIL troops deployed in the area on 23 March 1978 were reassigned from other UN [[peacekeeping]] operations in the area ([[United Nations Emergency Force]], the [[United Nations Truce Supervision Organization]], and the [[United Nations Disengagement Observer Force Zone]]).<ref name = "UNSup5" /> They were deployed after Israel launched [[1978 South Lebanon conflict|Operation Litani]] earlier in the month, in response to a cross border raid by Palestinians based in Lebanon. UNIFIL made its headquarters in [[Naqoura]] close to the Lebanese-Israeli border.<ref>[[Odd Karsten Tveit|Tveit, Odd Karsten]] (2010) ''Goodbye Lebanon. Israel's First Defeat.'' Rimal Publication. Translated by Peter Scott-Hansen. {{ISBN|978-9963-715-03-9}} p.93</ref>

The majority of the force's initial personnel were provided by Canada, Iran and Sweden with support from France, Nepal and Norway. The initial force was established at 4,000 troops. This was increased to 6,000 in May 1978. Israeli forces withdrew from the area on 13 June 1978, after which [[South Lebanon Army]] (SLA) forces under [[Saad Haddad]] remained in the area. UNIFIL began patrolling operations and established a series of positions including checkpoints, roadblocks and observation posts.<ref name="Novosseloff 2017 248, 250–251">{{cite book |last=Novosseloff |first=Alexandra |year=2017 |chapter=United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL I) |title=The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations |editor1=Koops, Joachim A. |editor2=MacQueen, Norrie |editor3=Tardy, Thierry |editor4=Williams, Paul D. |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-880924-1 |pages=248, 250–251}}</ref>

UNIFIL operations during this time were hindered by restrictions that were imposed on its freedom of movement and a lack of co-operation by all parties to the conflict. There were several attacks on its personnel, including ambushes, kidnappings, shelling and sniping. As a result, only limited progress was made in fulfilment of its mandate between 1978 and 1982.<ref name="Novosseloff 2017 248, 250–251"/> During the occupation, UNIFIL's function was mainly to provide humanitarian aid amidst the [[Lebanese Civil War]].<ref name = "UNsup6" />

=== Lebanese Civil War (until 1990) ===
{{main|Multinational Force in Lebanon}}

Prior to the [[1982 Lebanon War]], on 2 January 1982 two Ghanaian soldiers guarding a UNIFIL position were attacked by unidentified persons and one of the soldiers was shot and subsequently died.<ref>[http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/687deff0fe05590a85257019006e4036!OpenDocument UN Doc S/15194] of 10 June 1982 ''Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon'' {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202004040/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/687deff0fe05590a85257019006e4036!OpenDocument |date=2 December 2008}}</ref> In February 1982, the force was increased by a further 1,000 troops.<ref>{{cite book |last=Novosseloff |first=Alexandra |year=2017 |chapter=United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL I) |title=The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations |editor1=Koops, Joachim A. |editor2=MacQueen, Norrie |editor3=Tardy, Thierry |editor4=Williams, Paul D. |publisher=Oxford University Press|
isbn=978-0-19-880924-1 |pages=252}}</ref> During the 1982 Lebanon War, commencing on 6 June 1982, Israeli forces advanced into south Lebanon. Despite being ordered to block the advance, the UN positions were either bypassed or overrun,<ref name=Novosseloff252>{{cite book |last=Novosseloff |first=Alexandra |year=2017 |chapter=United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL I) |title=The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations |editor1=Koops, Joachim A. |editor2=MacQueen, Norrie |editor3=Tardy, Thierry |editor4=Williams, Paul D. |publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=978-0-19-880924-1 |page=252}}</ref> primarily by the SLA forces under Saad Haddad.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

This was the main Lebanese paramilitary force supported by the [[Israel Defense Forces]] (IDF) in Southern Lebanon.<ref name="UNsup6">{{cite web |url = http://legal.un.org/repertory/art98/english/rep_supp6_vol6-art98_e.pdf
 |title       = Extracts relating to Article 98 of the Charter of the United Nations: Supplement No 6 (1979–1984)
 |access-date  = 6 August 2006
 |work        = Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs
 |publisher   = United Nations
 |pages       = §185–§199
 |url-status  = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20131019222939/http://legal.un.org/repertory/art98/english/rep_supp6_vol6-art98_e.pdf
 |archive-date = 19 October 2013
}}
</ref> The UN force was overwhelmed within a day. At least one Norwegian peacekeeper was killed in the initial attack.<ref>{{cite book |last=Findlay |first= Trevor |title=The Use of Force in UN Peacekeeping Operations |year=2002 |publisher=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute and Oxford University Press |url=https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/books/SIPRI02Findlay.pdf |isbn= 0-19-829282-1 |page=114}}</ref> Following this, UNIFIL focused primarily on the distribution of aid and medical support, while a new force, the [[Multinational Force in Lebanon]] assumed primacy, being deployed in Beirut until being withdrawn in March 1984.<ref>{{cite book |last=Novosseloff |first=Alexandra |year=2017 |chapter=United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL I) |title=The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations |editor1=Koops, Joachim A. |editor2=MacQueen, Norrie |editor3=Tardy, Thierry |editor4=Williams, Paul D. |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-880924-1 |pages=252–253}}</ref>

===South Lebanon conflict (until 2000)===
Beginning in 1985, Israel scaled back its permanent positions in Lebanon, although the IDF maintained some forces in [[Southern Lebanon]], along with the SLA, to establish a [[Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon|security zone]] to prevent attacks on Israel from Lebanon. These forces were engaged by several groups, including [[Hezbollah]].<ref name=background/><ref name=Novosseloff253/>

UNIFIL's role during this time was limited to mainly manning checkpoints and undertaking patrols, as its operations were constrained by the Israeli security zone in the south. Its personnel were attacked by elements on both sides of the conflict during this time, and financial issues also hampered UNIFIL operations as some UN member states withheld funding for the operation. In 1986, the force was reorganised when France decreased its contribution to UNIFIL. There was a proposal to convert the force into an observation group around this time, although this was ultimately rejected.<ref name=Novosseloff253>{{cite book |last=Novosseloff |first=Alexandra |year=2017 |chapter=United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL I) |title=The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations |editor1=Koops, Joachim A. |editor2=MacQueen, Norrie |editor3=Tardy, Thierry |editor4=Williams, Paul D. |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-880924-1 |page=253}}</ref>

The period saw an Israel invasion in the 1982 [[Operation Peace in Galilee]] and another on a smaller scale in the 1993 [[Operation Accountability]]. In 1996 south Lebanon was [[Operation Grapes of Wrath|bombarded]] by the Israeli army, airforce and navy for seventeen days. According to [[Amnesty International]] during the 1996 bombardment UNIFIL compounds and vehicles came under Israeli aircraft or artillery fire 270 times.<ref>Amnesty International, [https://web.archive.org/web/20060412012958/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150421996 Unlawful Killings During Operation "Grapes of Wrath"], July 1996.</ref> This included the shelling of the [[Fiji]]an UNIFIL compound near [[Qana massacre|Qana]] where 102 villagers sheltering were killed.<ref name=Novosseloff253/>

In April 2000, Israel notified the UN Secretary General that it was withdrawing from south Lebanon. This process was completed by June 2000. After this, UNIFIL was able to resume its military tasks along the "Blue Line" (the UN identified line of withdrawal for the IDF) and the adjacent areas, where UNIFIL sought to maintain the ceasefire through patrols, observation from fixed positions, and close contact between Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF), as well as providing humanitarian assistance to the local population.<ref name=Novosseloff253/>

=== Conflict in 2006 ===
{{See also|Attacks on United Nations personnel during the 2006 Lebanon War}}

According to UNIFIL press releases, there were dozens of incidents of UN posts coming under fire during the [[2006 Lebanon War]].<ref>United Nations [https://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unifil/unifilpress.htm UNIFIL press releases] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060725043129/http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unifil/unifilpress.htm |date=25 July 2006}}</ref> In his 21 July 2006 report about the UNIFIL activities 21 January – 18 July 2006, the [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] [[Kofi Annan]] stated that "Some Hezbollah positions remained in close proximity to United Nations positions, especially in the Hula area, posing a significant security risk to United Nations personnel and equipment."<ref>See paragraph 28 in [https://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=S/2006/560 Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (S/2006/560)]. Retrieved 31 July 2006.</ref>

==== Combat-related incidents ====
[[File:Italian UN soldiers Lebanon 2006.jpg|thumb|right|Italian UN soldiers arriving in Lebanon, 2006]]

*[[File:Tyre Lebanon 2006.JPG|thumb|UNIFIL soldiers and staff from the MV ''Serenade'' evacuate refugees from Tyre, 20 July 2006|alt=]]On 17 July, a UNIFIL international staff member and his wife were killed when Israeli aircraft bombed the Hosh District of [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]], [[Lebanon]].
* On 23 July, Hezbollah fire wounded an Italian observer.
* On 25 July, Hezbollah opened small arms fire at a UNIFIL convoy, forcing it to retreat.
* On 25 July, four soldiers from the Ghanaian battalion were lightly injured after an Israeli tank shell hit a UNIFIL position during fighting in Southern Lebanon on 24 July 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unifil/pr09.pdf |title=UNIFIL Press Release, Naqoura, 25 July 2006 |publisher=United Nations |date=6 August 2009 |access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref>
* Shrapnel from tank shells fired by the IDF seriously wounded an Indian soldier on 16 July 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unifil/pr01.pdf |title=UNIFIL Press Release, Naqoura, 17 July 2006 |publisher=United Nations |date=6 August 2009 |access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref>
* On 25 July, four [[UNTSO]] observers from Austria, Canada, China and Finland were killed by Israeli strikes on an [[United Nations Truce Supervision Organization#Today|OGL]] (Observer Group Lebanon) patrol base near [[Khiam]] in southern Lebanon. According to the UN, the Israelis stated they were responding to "Hezbollah fire from that vicinity" and the four had taken shelter in a bunker under the post. The area around the site was hit by a precision guided bomb from an Israeli jet and shelled a total of 14 times by Israeli artillery<ref>UNIFIL [https://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unifil/pr010.pdf Untitled Press Release 26 July 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060803093635/http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unifil/pr010.pdf |date=3 August 2006}}</ref> throughout the day despite warning calls made by UN personnel to the IDF.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1524958/UN-%27urged-Israelis-to-hold-fire-10-times-before-post-was-hit%27.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911054826/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1524958/UN-%27urged-Israelis-to-hold-fire-10-times-before-post-was-hit%27.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 September 2012 |author=Tim Butcher |author-link = Tim Butcher|title=UN 'urged Israelis to hold fire 10 times before post was hit' |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |date=27 July 2006 |access-date=23 May 2008}}</ref> However, General [[Alain Pellegrini]], then commander of UNIFIL, claims that he attempted to call Israeli officials "five or six times", but never got past their secretaries. Later, Israeli artillery shelling resumed as a rescue team tried to clear the rubble.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5215366.stm |publisher=BBC News |title=Israeli bomb kills UN observers |date=26 July 2006 |access-date=23 May 2008}}</ref>
* On 29 July, two Indian soldiers were wounded when their post was damaged during an Israeli airstrike in Southern Lebanon.
* On 6 August, a Hezbollah rocket hit the headquarters of the Chinese UNIFIL contingent, wounding three Chinese soldiers.
* On 12 August, a Ghanaian soldier was wounded when Israeli artillery shelled the area near the village of [[Hariss|Haris]].

=== From August 2006 ===
==== Visit by Secretary-General ====
In order to stress the importance of implementing Security Council resolution 1701, UN Secretary-General Annan himself paid a visit to UNIFIL on the ground in August 2006.<ref name=background>{{Cite web|url=https://unifil.unmissions.org/unifil-background|title=UNIFIL Background|date=9 March 2016|website=United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon|access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref>

==== Reinforcements ====
[[File:Italian Soldier UNIFIL 2 Lebanon 2007.jpg|thumb|A soldier from the [[Italian Army]] stands guard during the UNIFIL mission in Lebanon]]

By July 2006, UNIFIL's strength had dropped to its lowest, with only 1,980 personnel deployed.<ref>{{cite book |last=Novosseloff |first=Alexandra |year=2017 |chapter=United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL I) |title=The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations |editor1=Koops, Joachim A. |editor2=MacQueen, Norrie |editor3=Tardy, Thierry |editor4=Williams, Paul D. |publisher=Oxford University Press|
isbn=978-0-19-880924-1 |pages=249}}</ref> Following the cease-fire, UNIFIL received a large number of reinforcements, up to 15,000 men, and heavy equipment. France committed to increase its complement from 400 to 2,000 men and send [[Leclerc tank|Leclerc]] heavy tanks and [[AMX 30 AuF1]] self-propelled artillery,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0%402-734511,36-807530%4051-796255,0.html |title=Finul : 900 soldats français et des armes lourdes envoyés d'ici mi-septembre |work=Le Monde|date=28 August 2006 |access-date=26 April 2011}}</ref> in addition to the forces deployed in [[Opération Baliste]]. Italy committed to deploy 3,000 troops,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L29199082.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928170100/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L29199082.htm|url-status=unfit|title=Prodi says Italy to keep troops in Afghanistan|date=29 August 2006|archive-date=28 September 2006|website=Reuters AlertNet}}</ref> while [[Qatar]] offered to send between 200 and 300 troops.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/09/04/mideast.qatar/index.html |title=Qatar to send troops to Lebanon |date=4 September 2006|publisher=CNN}}</ref> As the French were preparing to deploy, French commander of UNIFIL [[Alain Pellegrini]] and the country's foreign minister, [[Philippe Douste-Blazy]], stated that France would not intervene to disarm Hezbollah.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/unifil-peacekeepers-will-not-disarm-hizbullah |title=UNIFIL peacekeepers will not disarm Hizbullah |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=15 August 2006 |access-date=14 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/france-the-key-to-un-force-in-lebanon-20060816-gdo6r0.html |title=France 'the key' to UN Force in Lebanon |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=16 August 2006 |access-date=14 February 2021}}</ref>

A naval component of UNIFIL was set up to assist the [[Lebanese Navy]] as an interim measure to prevent arms proliferation to Hezbollah while the Lebanese Navy builds its capacity.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/lebanese-maritime-security-navigating-rough-seas-good-policy |title=Lebanese maritime security: Navigating rough seas with good policy |author=Sarkis, Joseph |date=16 November 2020 |publisher=Middle East Institute |access-date=17 February 2021}}</ref> For a period the force was German-led under the command of a German admiral before handing over to the Italians.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unifil.unmissions.org/unifil-maritime-task-force |title=UNIFIL Maritime Task Force |date=14 March 2016 |publisher=United Nations |access-date=17 February 2021}}</ref>

The [[Garuda Contingent|Indonesian contingent]] received 12 [[Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé|VAB]] (Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé) on 17 February 2007, as the part of the second wave of shipments from the agreement between the French and [[Indonesia]]n governments. Among the equipment sent with the second wave of VABs were 10 tool boxes (pioneering equipment), 10 armored vehicle radio communications units, [[Heavy machine gun|HMG]] (Heavy Machine Gun) shooter shields, and 40 water [[jerrycan]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tniad.mil.id/garuda/lbnranpur.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005043945/http://www.tniad.mil.id/garuda/lbnranpur.php|url-status=dead|title=tniad.mil.id|archive-date=5 October 2007}}</ref>

On 16 March 2009, [[KRI Diponegoro (365)|KRI ''Diponegoro'']], an Indonesian {{sclass2|Sigma|corvette|1}} joined the UNIFIL Naval Task Force.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.journal.unair.ac.id/filerPDF/jgs45b74e5c14full.pdf |title=Indonesian Participation in the UN Peacekeeping as an Instrument of Foreign Policy: Challenges and Opportunities |journal=Global & Strategis |date=July–December 2014 |volume=8 |issue=2 |author=Hutabarat, Leonard F. |page=187 |archive-date=17 May 2021 |access-date=20 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517200103/http://www.journal.unair.ac.id/filerPDF/jgs45b74e5c14full.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In August 2010, two Indonesian soldiers were criticized after they escaped from clashes between Israel and Lebanon by fleeing in a taxi.<ref name="http"/>

The [[Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations|Israeli Ambassador]] to the UN, Ambassador [[Dan Gillerman]], met with UNIFIL commander, Maj.-Gen. Claudio Graziano, on 15 August 2008, after Israel was accused of unilaterally violating United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 by the almost daily overflights of Lebanese airspace, the continued occupation of the village of [[Ghajar]], and Israel's refusal to submit maps of areas on which it dropped cluster munitions during the 2006 Lebanese war.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/israeli-envoy-meets-unifil-chief-over-praise-for-hezbollah-censure-for-israel-1.251934 |work=Ha'aretz |date= 16 August 2008 |title= Israeli envoy meets UNIFIL chief over praise for Hezbollah, censure for Israel |author=Shlomo Shamire}}</ref>

Following the war, British military historian [[John Keegan]] predicted that Israel would in the future invade Lebanon and continue attacking until Hezbollah's system of tunnels and bunkers was completely destroyed, as Israel would not tolerate a "zone of invulnerability" occupied by a sworn enemy, or a double threat posed by Hezbollah and [[Hamas]] rockets, and that Israel might first attack the [[Gaza Strip]]. Keegan noted that any IDF entry into Southern Lebanon would risk provoking a clash with UNIFIL, but that it is unlikely to deter Israel, as it tends to behave with "extreme ruthlessness" when national survival is at stake.<ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan |first=John |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3633843/Why-Israel-will-go-to-war-again-soon.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3633843/Why-Israel-will-go-to-war-again-soon.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Why Israel will go to war again – soon |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=3 November 2006 |access-date=5 August 2010 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Many troops, including the Finnish, Irish, Qataris and Indonesians pulled out of UNIFIL in 2007–2008. Some of these nations had been there for over 30 years (the Irish and Finnish), and one of the reasons for the withdrawal was reportedly concerns about the changing rules of engagement following the arrival of NATO forces in August 2006 and because of high-level German and French statements expressing unlimited support to the Israeli side.{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}

In November 2009, the Polish military contingent of UNIFIL had begun withdrawal. The process of withdrawing Polish forces ended on December 11, 2009, when the last units of the liquidation group left Lebanon.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/Wiadomosci/1,80277,7317078,Polskie_wojsko_konczy_udzial_w_misji_ONZ_w_Libanie.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717125238/http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/Wiadomosci/1,80277,7317078,Polskie_wojsko_konczy_udzial_w_misji_ONZ_w_Libanie.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-17 |work=Polska Agencja Prasowa |date= 1 December 2009 |title= Polskie wojsko kończy udział w misji ONZ w Libanie}}</ref>

[[File:UN Medal Parade Lebanon.jpg|thumb|[[Indonesian National Armed Forces]] UNIFIL peacekeepers, 2007]]
In 2010, a series of standoffs and clashes erupted between UNIFIL troops and Lebanese villagers in the border region. Villagers accused French peacekeepers of provocative and intrusive patrols, and of taking pictures of people inside their homes. People of [[Aitaroun]] town, [[Marjayoun]], accused the French regiments of driving their heavy vehicles through their two-month-old tobacco fields, which support many families. UNIFIL was also accused of having stepped up its patrols and of failing to coordinate with the Lebanese Army.

In July 2010, the most serious incident occurred when the French regiments decided to carry out exercises unilaterally, without Lebanese units or other regiments. When they went into narrow alleys of Lebanese villages some residents first tried to redirect them out of their private areas. The French fired against the civilians, arrested a youth driving a motorcycle, and destroyed the vehicle. When other civilians saw that, they surrounded and attacked the UNIFIL French troops without any weapons.

The vehicles' windows were smashed by stones from dozens of civilians of all ages, and the French commander was wounded. The French troops were forcibly disarmed by the villagers, and weapons were then handed over to the Lebanese Army. The French unit could not explain why they behaved unilaterally. Their ambassador to the UN said the civilian attack "was not spontaneous".

At the request of the United Nations, 7,000 additional Lebanese soldiers were deployed to South Lebanon as approved by the Lebanese Cabinet.{{when|date=February 2021}}{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}}

==== UNIFIL force in 2010 Israel–Lebanon border clash ====
{{More citations needed section|date=October 2024}}
[[File:Irishamylebanon.jpg|thumb|right|[[Irish Army]] peacekeepers during an inspection while serving with UNIFIL on 19 September 2013.]]
{{See also|2010 Israel–Lebanon border clash}}

The 2010 Israel–Lebanon border clash occurred on 3 August 2010. It was the deadliest incident along the border since the devastating [[2006 Lebanon War]]. The UN force stationed in southern Lebanon urged "maximum restraint" following the clashes along the so-called [[Blue Line (Lebanon)|Blue Line]], a UN-drawn border separating Lebanon from Israel. UNIFIL peacekeepers were in the area where the clashes took place.<ref>{{cite news|author=hurriyetdailynews  |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=lebanese-and-israeli-troops-clash-on-border-2010-08-03 |title=Clashes at tense Israel-Lebanon border leave at least 4 dead |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=3 August 2010 |access-date=2 November 2010}}</ref> United Nations peacekeepers tried to hold off the routine Israeli tree-pruning that led to a deadly border clash with Lebanese soldiers. An Indonesian UN battalion was on the scene, and they did their best to try to prevent it, but they were unable to.<ref>{{cite news|author=online.wsj  |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704017904575408682625171158 |title=U.N. Tried to Avert Fatal Israel-Lebanon Clash |access-date=2 November 2010 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=5 August 2010}}</ref>

[[Indonesia]]n peacekeepers tried to no avail to calm the situation before the clashes erupted. The fighting increasingly intensified, so the small contingent of UNIFIL forces was ordered to retreat or find cover then report back to the base. The Indonesian contingent, under intense small arms fire and shelling between the two opposing forces, retreated and returned to their base, but two soldiers fell behind and briefly became isolated before the stunned and exhausted soldiers were helped by some locals.<ref name="http">{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/criticism-as-two-indonesian-soldiers-flee-lebanese-israeli-battle-in-taxi/389588 |title=Criticism as Two Indonesian Soldiers Flee Lebanese, Israeli Battle in Taxi |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=8 August 2010 |access-date=2 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100816124606/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/criticism-as-two-indonesian-soldiers-flee-lebanese-israeli-battle-in-taxi/389588 |archive-date=16 August 2010}}</ref>

UN peacekeepers did not escape the confrontation unscathed. Local TV reported that in some cases, villagers attempted to block UNIFIL vehicles from fleeing the combat zone, demanding that they return and fight. However, current and former UNIFIL officials said that at that point in the conflict, it was out of peacekeepers' hands. One former UNIFIL official explained that he has been in these situations before, and when the opposing sides are determined to shoot each other, there is nothing UNIFIL force can do. Regarding concerns about UNIFIL's neutrality, a former UNIFIL commander highlighted the importance of perception, stating that if UNIFIL forces intervened to protect IDF, UNIFIL would be accused by Hezbollah or the Lebanese people of protecting the Israelis. On the other hand, if UNIFIL forces were seen to favour the Lebanese, [[Israel]] would accuse UNIFIL of collaborating with Hezbollah.<ref>{{cite news |author=Joshua Hersh  |url=http://joshuahersh.com/writings/peacekeepers_lost_contact.html |title=Peacekeepers 'lost contact with Israeli general' |date=5 August 2010 |access-date=2 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713120803/http://joshuahersh.com/writings/peacekeepers_lost_contact.html |archive-date=13 July 2011}}</ref>

=== Post-2006 deployment ===
[[File:Base ital . a sud di Tiro-1.JPG|thumb|UNIFIL base]]

Post 2006, UNIFIL was deployed throughout [[Southern Lebanon]], south of the [[Litani River]], and primarily along the United Nations-drawn [[Blue Line (Lebanon)|Blue Line]], the border between [[Israel]] and [[Lebanon]].  Since then, the force's activities have centered around monitoring military activity between [[Hezbollah]] and the [[Israeli Defense Forces]] with the aim of reducing tensions and allaying tension along the border. UNIFIL has played an important role in clearing landmines, assisting displaced persons and providing humanitarian assistance to civilians in the underdeveloped region of [[Southern Lebanon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unifil/PS3oct.pdf |title=United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) |publisher=United Nations |date=6 August 2009 |access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref>

Under [[UN Security Council Resolution 1701]], which passed as a result of the [[2006 Lebanon War]], its mandate and rules of engagement changed. The mandate changed to allow up to 15,000 personnel in order to assist the [[Lebanese Armed Forces]] in deploying in [[Southern Lebanon]] to implement the Lebanese government's sovereignty. The rules of engagement changed to allow the troops to open fire in certain cases: mostly in cases of self-defense but also in order to protect civilians, UN personnel and facilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unifil/PS3oct.pdf |title=United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) |publisher=United Nations |date=6 August 2009 |access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref>

The new resolution states that UNIFIL can "take all the necessary action in areas of deployment of its forces, and as it deems with its capabilities, to ensure that its area of operations is not utilized for hostile activities of any kind."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,251-2309181,00.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20100605081512/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,251-2309181,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 June 2010 |work=The Times |location=UK |author=James Bone and Richard Beeston |title=After 31 days of fighting, UN votes for plan to bring peace to Lebanon |date=21 August 2006 |access-date=23 May 2008}}</ref>
On 27 August 2006, [[United Nations Secretary-General]] [[Kofi Annan]] said that UNIFIL would not intercept arms shipments from [[Syria]], unless requested to do so by Lebanon.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1527391/UN-will-not-stop-Syria-sending-weapons-to-Lebanon.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1527391/UN-will-not-stop-Syria-sending-weapons-to-Lebanon.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=UN will not stop Syria sending weapons to Lebanon |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |author1=Harry De Quetteville |author2=Michael Hirst |name-list-style=amp |date=27 August 2006 |access-date=23 May 2008}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

=== Maritime Task Force ===
[[File:Fragata_Liberal_no_Líbano_-_2014.jpg|thumb|{{ship|Brazilian frigate|Liberal||2}} sailing as flagship of the UNIFIL MTF, 2014]]
The Maritime Task Force (MTF) is the naval component of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). As of February 2012, the MTF was under the command of
Rear Admiral Wagner Lopes de Moraes Zamith of [[Brazil]].<ref name="Brazil">[http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1499&ctl=Details&mid=3103&ItemID=15777 Brazilian Flagship for UNIFIL Maritime Task Force, 25 November 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730122050/http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1499&ctl=Details&mid=3103&ItemID=15777 |date=30 July 2012}} United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon. Retrieved 26 January 2012.</ref> The [[Brazilian frigate Constituição (F42)|Brazilian frigate ''Constituição '']] is the flagship of the fleet comprising vessels from [[Bangladesh]], [[Brazil]], [[Germany]], [[Greece]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Turkey]].<ref name="Brazil" />

After the [[2006 Lebanon War]], the UNIFIL Maritime Task Force (MTF) was established to assist the Lebanese Naval Forces in preventing the smuggling of illegal shipments in general and armament shipments in particular. With its establishment in October 2006, the force was led by the [[German Navy]] which was also the major contributor to the force.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unifil/pr065.pdf |title=UNIFIL Maritime Task Force is operational |publisher=UNIFIL |date=16 October 2006 |access-date=24 May 2008}}</ref> The Germans lead the MTF up until 29 February 2008 when they passed control over to [[EUROMARFOR]] – a force made up of ships from Portugal, Spain, Italy and France, of which the latter three countries sent vessels to the force in Lebanon.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/en/Infoservice/Presse/Meldungen/2008/080228-UNIFIL.html |title=Germany passes command of UNIFIL maritime components to European Maritime Force |publisher=[[German Foreign Office]] |date=28 February 2008 |access-date=24 May 2008}}</ref><ref name="euromarfor">{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unifil/pr109e.pdf |title=UNIFIL Maritime Task Force Changes Command |publisher=UNIFIL |date=29 February 2008 |access-date=24 May 2008}}</ref>

=== Personnel ===
[[File:Base ital. Unifil a sud di Tiro-1.JPG|thumb|C.I.S.S. humanitarian staff with Italian UNIFIL soldiers in Lebanon]] [[File:Snowsisu.jpg|thumb|UNIFIL [[Patria Pasi|Sisu Pasi]] in the snow, close to the Israeli border in South-Lebanon, 1998]]

{{As of|2018|June|19}}, UNIFIL employed 10,480 military personnel, including 500 [[Women in combat|women]], from 41 countries. It is supported by 239 international civilian staff, including 78 women, and 583 national civilian staff, including 153 women.<ref name="undocs-2018-701">{{cite web|url=https://undocs.org/S/2018/701 |title=Implementation of Security Council resolution 1701 (2006) |author=António Guterres |publisher=[[United Nations]] |date=13 July 2018 |access-date=22 July 2018|author-link=António Guterres}}</ref>{{rp|13}} It is led by Spanish Major General Aroldo Lázaro Sáenz.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unifil.unmissions.org/he-prepares-leave-unifil-head-credits-existing-peace-parties |title=As he prepares to leave, UNIFIL head credits existing peace to the parties |date=August 2018 |publisher=UNIFIL |access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref>

The UNIFIL military component also includes a contingent from Kazakhstan. The Kazakh peacekeeping forces joined the mission for the first time ever in late 2018. A total of 120 soldiers from Kazakhstan were deployed as part of the Indian battalion in Lebanon on 31 October 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kazakh service members to join Indian battalion on UN peacekeeping mission in Lebanon |url=https://astanatimes.com/2018/10/kazakh-service-members-to-join-indian-battalion-on-un-peacekeeping-mission-in-lebanon/ |website=astanatimes.com|date=31 October 2018 |last1=Times |first1=Astana }}</ref>

In 2019, UNSC resolution 2485 extended the mission's mandate until August 2020 and reduced the troop ceiling from 15,000 to 13,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/2485 |title=UNSCR Resolution 2485 |publisher=United Nations Security Council |date= 29 August 2019 |access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref>

In November 2019 after ten years of absence, the Polish military contingent was returned.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.pl/web/obrona-narodowa/polscy-zolnierze-rozpoczynaja-misje-w-libanie |title=Polscy żołnierze rozpoczynają misję w Libanie |publisher= Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej |date= 8 November 2019 |access-date=1 November 2024}}</ref>

=== Protecting cultural heritage ===
In April 2019, the United Nations Interim Force deployed a cultural asset in Lebanon with [[Blue Shield International]]. It was shown that cultural property protection (carried out by military and civil specialists) forms the basis for the future peaceful and economic development of a city, region or country in many conflict zones. The need for training and coordination of the military and civilian participants, including the increased involvement of the local population, became apparent especially at [[World Heritage Site]]s. The connection between cultural user disruption and causes of flight was explained by the President of Blue Shield International, [[Karl von Habsburg]], who stated: "Cultural assets are part of the identity of the people who live in a certain place. If you destroy their culture, you also destroy their identity. Many people are uprooted, often have no prospects anymore and subsequently flee from their homeland."<ref>{{cite web|title=Karl von Habsburg auf Mission im Libanon|date=28 April 2019 |url=https://www.krone.at/1911689|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/action-plan-to-preserve-heritage-sites-during-conflict|title=Action plan to preserve heritage sites during conflict|website=United Nations Peacekeeping}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/courier/2017nian-di-3qi/historic-resolution-protect-cultural-heritage|title=A historic resolution to protect cultural heritage|date=17 October 2017|website=UNESCO}}</ref>

=== 2023 Israel–Hezbollah conflict ===
{{main|Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)||2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon|Iran–Israel proxy conflict|2024 Iran–Israel conflict}}
Israel and Hezbollah have exchanged fire across the [[Israel-Lebanon border]] since 8 October 2023. Hezbollah has fired rockets at targets in Israel, while the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] has struck targets in Lebanon with artillery and drones.<ref name="Goldenberg-2023">{{Cite web|last1=Goldenberg|first1=Tia|last2=Shurafa|first2=Wafaa|date=8 October 2023|title=Hezbollah and Israel exchange fire as Israeli soldiers battle Hamas on second day of surprise attack|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-ca7903976387cfc1e1011ce9ea805a71|access-date=25 August 2024|website=[[Associated Press]]|language=en|archive-date=8 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008051308/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-ca7903976387cfc1e1011ce9ea805a71|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 17 and 18 September 2024, Israel attacked [[Hezbollah]] members with [[2024 Lebanon pager explosions|bombs concealed inside pagers]] and other small electronic devices.<ref>{{cite news |title=Death toll in Lebanon walkie-talkie explosions rises to 20, with more than 450 injured – Middle East crisis as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/sep/18/middle-east-crisis-live-hezbollah-pager-explosion-lebanon-irael-iran-latest-updates |access-date=18 September 2024 |agency=theguardian.com |publisher=theguardian.com |date=18 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Israel war on Gaza live: 20 killed, 450 hurt in new Lebanon blasts |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/9/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-thousands-injured-in-lebanon-pager-explosions |access-date=18 September 2024 |agency=aljazeera.com |publisher=aljazeera.com |date=18 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Live Updates: More Wireless Devices Explode in Lebanon in Second Attack |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/09/18/world/israel-hezbollah-gaza-hamas |access-date=18 September 2024 |agency=nytimes.com |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=18 September 2024}}</ref>
On 20 September, an [[20 September 2024 Beirut attack|IDF airstrike hit Beirut]]. Similar bombardments followed [[September 2024 Lebanon strikes|throughout the rest of September.]]

On the evening of 30 September, the IDF invaded southern Lebanon with approximately 45,000 troops,<ref>{{cite news |title=Israel has begun ground invasion of Lebanon, White House suggests |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-hamas-war/article-821158 |access-date=30 September 2024 |agency=jpost.com |publisher=jpost.com |date=30 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Lebanese army withdraws from border, IDF shelling reported as ground op looms |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog-september-30-2024/ |access-date=30 September 2024 |agency=timesofisrael.com |publisher=timesofisrael.com |date=30 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Israel conducts raids in Lebanon ahead of potential invasion |url=https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-lebanon-war-hezbollah-09-30-24-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=30 September 2024 |agency=cnn.com |publisher=cnn.com |date=30 September 2024}}</ref> while air strikes on Beirut and other targets throughout Lebanon continued.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 October 2024 |title=IDF Spokesperson in Arabic issues evacuation warnings to residents of Beirut suburbs |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-822631 |access-date=1 October 2024 |publisher=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=1 October 2024 |title=Israel again bombs south Beirut |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/9/30/israel-attacks-lebanon-live-israel-expands-strikes-on-beirut-as-105-killed?update=3212641 |access-date=1 October 2024 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> UNIFIL forces did not intervene, and remained in their positions.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 October 2024 |title=UN peacekeepers patrol southern Lebanon - what is their mandate? |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-peacekeepers-patrol-southern-lebanon-what-is-their-mandate-2024-09-30/ |access-date=1 October 2024 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=1 October 2024 |title=Crosetto: "Militari italiani in Libano sono nei bunker |trans-title=Iranian ballistic missiles on Tel Aviv and Jerusalem {{!}} Netanyahu: "Iran made a big mistake and will pay for it" {{!}} Tehran warns: "Devastating actions if Israel responds" |url=https://www.tgcom24.mediaset.it/mondo/israele-guerra-beirut-libano-hezbollah-giorno-361-diretta_88235655-202402k.shtml |access-date=1 October 2024 |work=[[TgCom24]] |publisher= |language=it}}</ref> On 4 October, IDF told [[Irish Defense Forces|Irish]] UNIFIL personnel to withdraw from one of their positions. Representatives of the peacekeeping mission and the Irish government declined.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gallagher |first1=Conor |last2=Roche |first2=Barry |title=Ireland and Unifil reject Israel's request to remove peacekeepers from Lebanese border outpost |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/2024/10/04/irish-peacekeepers-lebanon-latest-israel-invasion/ |access-date=13 October 2024 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=4 October 2024}}</ref>

Due to the intensive military operations of Israel against Hezbollah in southern Lebanon, 150 Polish soldiers from the 9th rotation could not return to the country and had to wait in shelters until the conflict escalated.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.msn.com/pl-pl/wiadomosci/polska/150-polskich-%C5%BCo%C5%82nierzy-czeka-na-bezpieczny-powr%C3%B3t-z-libanu-sytuacja-jest-dynamiczna/ar-AA1rwJBu | title=III zmiana polskich żołnierzy przejęła służbę w Libanie | website=[[MSN]] | date= 24 October 2024 }}</ref>

In the evening of 9 October, IDF soldiers "deliberately fired at and disabled" the video surveillance system at UNP 1-31 base, the lighting system, and a radio repeater at UNP 1-32A base with [[small arms]] fire, according to the UN.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 October 2024 |title=Israeli forces fire on UN peacekeepers in Lebanon |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/10/1155551 |access-date=13 October 2024 |website=UN News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Wen |first1=Philip |last2=Chao-Fong |first2=Léonie |last3=Walters |first3=Joanna |last4=Sedghi |first4=Amy |last5=Belam |first5=Martin |date=2024-10-11 |title=At least 22 people killed in deadliest Israeli strike on central Beirut since start of war, officials say – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/oct/10/middle-east-crisis-israel-gaza-iran-us-lebanon-latest-news-updates?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with:block-6707f2f18f08c777d3008564 |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On 10 October 2024, Israeli troops opened fire on three UNIFIL positions in South Lebanon, including UNIFIL's main base at [[Naqoura]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Israeli troops fire at 3 UNIFIL positions in southern Lebanon, U.N. source says |url= https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-troops-fire-3-unifil-positions-southern-lebanon-un-source-says-2024-10-10/ |access-date=10 October 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |publisher= Reuters |date=10 October 2024}}</ref> Two Indonesian personnel were injured after an Israeli tank fired on an observation tower.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 October 2024 |title=L'Unifil: "Israele ha colpito tre nostre basi". Due indonesiani feriti. Nel mirino anche il bunker con i soldati italiani |trans-title=Lebanon, Israel fires on Unifil, Italian bases also hit. Meloni: 'It's unacceptable' |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/mondo/2024/10/10/lunifil-israele-ha-colpito-tre-nostre-basi.-due-indonesiani-feriti.-nel_33c573f8-8709-4996-925a-ea39ee604278.html |access-date=10 October 2024 |work=[[Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata|ANSA]] |publisher= |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Shurafa |first1=Wafaa |title=At least 22 killed in airstrikes in central Beirut, with Israel also firing on UN peacekeepers |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-hamas-war-lebanon-hezbollah-10-10-2024-a5e53cdd4fca30be1909506b5c777922?taid=6707c4e3b423b300018c0d66&utm_campaign=TrueAnthem&utm_medium=AP&utm_source=Twitter |website=Associated Press |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=12 October 2024}}</ref> The same day, Israel demanded the immediate withdrawal of all UNIFIL personnel located within 5&nbsp;km of the Israeli-Lebanese border (meaning all the mission's positions in South Lebanon).<ref>{{cite news |date=10 October 2024 |title=Colpite da Israele due basi Unifil in Libano: "Avevamo avvisato le forze Onu di stare al riparo" {{!}} Crosetto: è un crimine di guerra |trans-title=Two Unifil bases in Lebanon hit by Israel: "We had warned the UN forces to stay safe" {{!}} Crosetto: it's a war crime |url=https://www.tgcom24.mediaset.it/mondo/israele-guerra-hamas-giorno-370-diretta_88674167-202402k.shtml |access-date=10 October 2024 |work=[[TgCom24]] |publisher= |language=it}}</ref><ref name="coi" /> Contributing countries to the mission unanimously declined.<ref name="coi" />

On October 11, the IDF again attacked the base at Naqoura. Two Sri Lankan peacekeepers were wounded, one seriously, and the perimeter wall was damaged by an IDF bulldozer.<ref name="reuters10oct">{{cite news |date=11 October 2024 |title=Israeli strike wounds two UN peacekeepers in Lebanon |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-strikes-kill-22-beirut-hezoballah-leader-evades-assassination-2024-10-11/ |access-date=12 October 2024 |work=Reuters |publisher=}}</ref> In the evening, the governments of France, Italy and Spain released a joint statement condemning the attacks. The US government also called on Israel not to attack UNIFIL bases.<ref name="reuters10oct" /> The UN called the attack a "serious development".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jalabi |first1=Raya |last2=Cornish |first2=Chloe |last3=Shotter |first3=James |title=Israeli fire injures UN peacekeepers in second day of strikes |url=https://www.ft.com/content/4f613cc7-ecbb-46d9-bca8-892214e1734d?shareType=nongift |website=Financial Times |date=11 October 2024 |access-date=14 October 2024|url-access=subscription}}</ref> UNIFIL bases suffered heavy damage in clashes between the IDF and Hezbollah on the evening of 11 October.<ref>{{cite news |date=12 October 2024 |title=Unifil, molti danni subiti finora alle nostre postazioni |trans-title=Unifil, a lot of damage suffered so far to our positions |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2024/10/12/unifil-molti-danni-subiti-finora-alle-nostre-postazioni_84cdd4dc-400b-4f66-b7ec-f60f4140100f.html |access-date=13 October 2024 |publisher=ANSA |language=it}}</ref> On 12 October, one Indonesian UNIFIL soldier was injured by Israeli fire.<ref>{{cite news |date=12 October 2024 |title=Unifil, ferito un altro casco blu nel sud del Libano |trans-title=Unifil, another peacekeeper injured in southern Lebanon |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2024/10/12/unifil-ferito-un-altro-casco-blu-nel-sud-del-libano_594d7e7a-6f01-4569-892e-bfd44cbb26b4.html |access-date=13 October 2024 |publisher=ANSA |language=it}}</ref>

On the same day, 12 October, [[Poland]], together with a group of 43 other countries participating in the mission, condemned Israel's attacks on UNIFIL forces, calling for an immediate cessation of the attacks and ensuring adequate protection for UN personnel in accordance with international law. The countries that joined the Polish initiative condemning the attacks on UNIFIL are: [[Armenia]], [[Austria]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Brazil]], [[Cambodia]], [[China]], [[Cyprus]], [[Croatia]], [[El Salvador]], [[Estonia]], [[Fiji]], [[Finland]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Ghana]], [[Greece]], [[Guatemala]], [[Hungary]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Ireland]], [[Italy]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[South Korea]], [[Latvia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Malta]], [[Moldova]], [[Mongolia]], [[Nepal]], [[Netherlands]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Peru]], [[Qatar]], [[Serbia]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Spain]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Tanzania]], [[Turkey]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Uruguay]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oświadczenie państw uczestników misji UNIFIL po niedawnych atakach na żołnierzy sił pokojowych ONZ w Libanie. |url=https://www.gov.pl/web/dyplomacja/oswiadczenie-panstw-uczestnikow-misji-unifil-po-niedawnych-atakach-na-zolnierzy-sil-pokojowych-onz-w-libanie |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=gov.pl |language=pl}}</ref>

On 13 October, the mission reported that two IDF [[Merkava]] tanks had forced their way inside a UNIFIL position after destroying its gate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-13 |title=Lebanon: IDF tanks force entry into UN peacekeeping position, UNIFIL reports {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/10/1155661 |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=UN News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=McKernan |first=Bethan |date=2024-10-13 |title=UN mission says Israeli tanks forcibly entered base in southern Lebanon |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/13/unifil-israeli-tanks-lebanon-hezbollah-gaza-iran |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> According to a confidential report prepared by the government of one of UNIFIL's contributing countries that was reviewed by the ''[[Financial Times]]'', the Merkava tanks had remained in the base for 45 minutes after UNIFIL objections, but within an hour of their departure, multiple [[white phosphorus munition]]s were fired within 100 metres of the base, injuring 15 peacekeepers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jalabi |first=Raya |date=22 October 2024 |title=Israel launched a dozen attacks on UN troops in Lebanon, says leaked report |url=https://www.ft.com/content/151eb482-6415-48a8-bf3f-baed00018c4e |access-date=22 October 2024 |work=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> Later that day, Israeli attacks on UNIFIL personnel and positions were condemned in a joint statement by 40 countries contributing to the peacekeeping mission.<ref name="coi">{{cite news |last1=Coi |first1=Giovanna |title=40 countries 'strongly condemn' Israeli attacks on UN peacekeepers |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/40-countries-condemn-israel-attacks-un-peacekeepers-lebanon/ |access-date=13 October 2024 |work=Politico |date=13 October 2024}}</ref> On 20 October, the IDF attacked a UNIFIL base in [[Marwahin]], demolishing an observation tower and perimeter fence with an army bulldozer.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 20, 2024 |title=UNIFIL says Israeli army demolished watchtower and fence at UN site in southern Lebanon |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/unifil-says-israeli-army-demolished-watchtower-fence-un-site-southern-lebanon-2024-10-20/ |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2024 |title=Israel 'demolished' watchtower in latest attack on UN Lebanon peacekeepers |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/20/israel-demolished-watchtower-in-latest-attack-on-un-lebanon-peacekeepers |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>

On October 21, 2024 a Croatian staff officer has returned to home because Croatia has not provided him with any military personnel for some time due to the high risk involved.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/morh-potvrdio-hrvatski-vojnik-koji-je-bio-u-libanonu-se-vratio-u-hrvatsku-1809751 |title = MORH potvrdio: Hrvatski vojnik koji je bio u Libanonu se vratio u Hrvatsku | date= 1 November 2024 | website= Vecernji.hr }}</ref>

On 25 October, UNIFIL said in a statement that one of its observation towers near Dhayra had come under fire from Israeli troops on 22 October when they noticed the peacekeepers observing them "conducting house clearing operations nearby". The mission said that the peacekeepers on duty withdrew from the tower "to avoid being shot"<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/unifil-wycofalismy-naszych-zolnierzy-ze-stanowiska-ostrzelanego-przez-izrael |title= UNIFIL: wycofaliśmy naszych żołnierzy ze stanowiska ostrzelanego przez Izrael |date= 25 October 2024|publisher= Polska Agencja Prasowa |access-date= 26 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |user=UNIFIL_ |number=1849776733517434997 |title=On 22 October, peacekeepers on duty at a permanent observation post near Dhayra were observing IDF soldiers conducting house clearing operations nearby. Upon realizing they were being observed, the IDF soldiers fired at the post. The duty guards withdrew to avoid being shot.|date=25 October 2024 |access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref> On 26 October, UNIFIL spokesperson Andrea Tenenti said the mission's work was continuing, and "We are still present at all our locations, and we mean every one of these sites."<ref>{{cite news|title = UNIFIL: We are still at all our locations and continue our work |url = https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/News/Local/1507653/unifil--we-are-still-at-all-our-locations-and-continue-our-work |access-date = 26 October 2024 |work = MTV Lebanon |date = 26 October 2024}}</ref>

By November 1, all Polish soldiers from the 9th rotation had returned to Poland.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/do-polski-powrocilo-150-zolnierzy-i-pracownikow-polskiego-kontyngentu-wojskowego-unifil | title = Do Polski powróciło 150 żołnierzy i pracowników Polskiego Kontyngentu Wojskowego UNIFIL w Libanie | date = 1 November 2024 |website = Polska Agencja Prasowa}}</ref>

=== Ending ===
Following the ceasefire related to Israeli attacks on Hezbollah militias in southern Lebanon, negotiations began on extending the UNIFIL mission. Ultimately, the UN Security Council voted to extend the mission until the end of 2026, under pressure from Israel and the US.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/aug/29/un-unifil-lebanon-peacekeeping-mission-withdrawal | title = UN to end Lebanon peacekeeping mission next year after Israeli and US pressure |date = 29 August 2025 |website = The Guardian}}</ref> The mandate of the peacekeeping force in southern Lebanon is valid until December 31, 2026. After this date, in 2027, the process of withdrawing the UNIFIL peacekeeping force is to begin, handing over the protection of the Blue Line to the Lebanese Armed Forces.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://al24news.dz/en/lebanon-unifil-mandate-extended-until-end-of-2026/ | title = Lebanon: UNIFIL Mandate Extended Until End of 2026 |date = 28 August 2025 |website = Al24news.dz }}</ref>

Irish peacekeepers are to remain in Lebanon under the existing UNIFIL mandate until 2027.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cedv7z0pn5do |title = Irish peacekeepers to withdraw from Lebanon by 2027 |date = 28 August 2025 |website = BBC}}</ref> In turn, the Polish peacekeeping forces that are part of IRISHPOLBATT are to remain until August 31, 2026.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP20250000870 |title = M.P. 2025 poz. 870 |date = 29 August 2025 |website = Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych}}</ref>

==Contributing countries==
{{As of|2025|8|1}}, the total number of personnel in the mission is 10,509:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unifil.unmissions.org/unifil-troop-contributing-countries|title=UNIFIL Troop-Contributing Countries|date=14 March 2016|website=UNIFIL}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
! scope="col" width="140px" |Country
! scope="col" width="80px" |Troops 
! class="unsortable" | Support Roles
! class="unsortable" | Note(s)

|-
| {{flag|Armenia}}
| align=center|1
|
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url= https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/unifils-armenian-peacekeepers-rotate |title= UNIFIL's Armenian peacekeepers rotate |publisher= Peacekeeping.un.org |access-date= 28 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Austria}}
| align=center|166
|
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/ministerium/presse/aktuelles/2024/10/the-safety-of-austrias-unifil-contingent-is-the-top-priority |title= The safety of Austria's UNIFIL contingent is the top priority |publisher= Federal Ministry Republic of Austria |access-date= 26 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| align=center|119
| The [[Bangladesh Navy]] deployed the [[Type 056 corvette|Type 056 class corvette]] [[BNS Sangram|BNS ''Sangram'']], led by Captain Faisal Mohammad Arifur Rahman Bhuiyan, from September 2020.

Previously, the [[frigate]] [[BNS Osman|BNS ''Osman'']] and [[Patrol boat|large patrol craft (LPC)]] [[BNS Madhumati|BNS ''Madhumati'']] were deployed to the mission from 17 May 2010 to 14 June 2014. The frigate [[BNS Ali Haider (2014)|BNS ''Ali Haider'']] and LPC [[BNS Nirmul|BNS ''Nirmul'']] were deployed from 14 June 2014 to 2018. The [[corvette]] [[BNS Bijoy|BNS ''Bijoy'']] was deployed from 1 January 2018 to August 2020. More than two thousand personnel of the Bangladesh Navy have completed the mission in Lebanon.
| align=center| <ref>{{cite news 
| last =Habib | first = Noor Islam
| date =29 May 2019
| title = Role of Bangladesh navy in UN peacekeeping mission.
| newspaper = The Independent 
| url =http://m.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/201462
| access-date =6 August 2020
| quote =The writer is Assistant Director of Bangladesh ISPR }} 
</ref><ref>{{cite news 
| last = Ahmed
| first = Inam 
| date =15 June 2014
| title = Bangladesh Navy contributes two more battleships
| newspaper = The Daily Star
| url = https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-navy-contributes-two-more-battleships-28542
| access-date =6 August 2020
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='BNS Sangram' sails for Lebanon to join UNIFIL
|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=269230 |date=10 August 2020|website=The Daily Observer|access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Brazil}}
| align=center|12
| Former Maritime Task Force (MTF) commander (2011–2021), [[Brazilian Navy]] contributed with either a [[Niteroi-class frigate]] or [[Barroso-class corvette]]. Currently, Brazil has a small contingent of 12 soldiers
| align=center| <ref name="Brazil" /><ref name=br-navy/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gov.br/mre/en/contact-us/press-area/press-releases/renewal-of-the-mandate-of-the-united-nations-interim-force-in-lebanon-unifil | title=Renewal of the mandate of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) | work=Ministério das Relações Exteriores }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Brunei|name=Brunei Darussalam}}
| align=center|29
|
| align=center|<ref>Brudirect.com News [http://www.brudirect.com/DailyInfo/News/Archive/Aug06/250806/nite01_1.htm Brunei Troops To Join Malaysia In Lebanon] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928072205/http://www.brudirect.com/DailyInfo/News/Archive/Aug06/250806/nite01_1.htm |date=28 September 2007}}. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref><ref>Daily Express [http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=44009 Accord on Trans-Borneo Highway] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234654/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=44009 |date=26 September 2007}}. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Cambodia}}
| align=center|186
|
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url= https://unifil.unmissions.org/cambodian-and-chinese-peacekeepers-refurbish-blue-barrels-ensuring-better-security |title= Cambodian and Chinese peacekeepers refurbish blue barrels, ensuring better security |date= 23 March 2022 |publisher= UNIFIL website |access-date= 28 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|China}}
| align=center|484
| 200 engineers currently in Lebanon clearing mines and unexploded ordnance, medical team, peacekeeping troops
| align=center|<ref>MonstersandCritics.com [http://news.monstersandcritics.com/middleeast/article_1201023.php/Lebanon_latest_hotspot_as_China_deploys_peacekeepers Lebanon latest hotspot as China deploys peacekeepers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929120442/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/middleeast/article_1201023.php/Lebanon_latest_hotspot_as_China_deploys_peacekeepers |date=29 September 2007}}. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref><ref name="H">Haaretz [https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/761372.html China to send as many as 1,000 peacekeeping troops to Lebanon]. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Colombia}}
| align=center|1
| Staff officer
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.state.gov/u-s-security-cooperation-with-colombia |title= U.S. Security Cooperation with Colombia |date= 20 January 2025 |publisher= U.S Department of State |access-date= 8 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Croatia}}
| align=center|1
| The Croatian contingent of 49 soldiers ceased operations in 2019. After the mission ended, Croatia provides one staff officer.
| align=center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/croatian-contingent-ends-unifil-mission|title = Croatian Contingent ends UNIFIL mission | date=30 May 2019 | website= United Nations Peacekeeping }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Cyprus}}
| align=center|2
|
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url = https://in-cyprus.philenews.com/international/cypriot-un-peacekeepers-recount-experiences-from-war-ridden-lebanon/ |title = Cypriot UN peacekeepers recount experiences from war-ridden Lebanon |publisher= in-cyprus.philenews.com |access-date= 20 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|El Salvador}}
| align=center|52
|
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.elsalvadorconsulate-lb.org/content/unifil-and-el-salvador |title = UNIFIL and El Salvador  |publisher = elsalvadorconsulate |access-date = 20 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Estonia}}
| align=center|1
|
| align=center|<ref>Ministry Of Information. Lebanese Republic. [http://nna-leb.gov.lb/en/show-news/44733/Estonia-joins-UNIFIL-peacekeepers-in-South Estonia joins UNIFIL peacekeepers in South Lebanon]. Retrieved 16 July 2015.</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Fiji}}
| align=center|1
|In the past 134
| align=center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fijian troops conclude UNIFIL mission |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/fijian-troops-conclude-unifil-mission |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=United Nations Peacekeeping |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Finland}}
| align=center|229
| Part of the French Force Commander Reserve, FCR
| align=center|<ref>Helsingin Sanomat [http://www.hs.fi/english/article/President+approves+Lebanon+force/1135221561490 President approves Lebanon force]. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref><ref name="F">Herald Tribune [http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/09/14/europe/EU_GEN_Ireland_UN_Lebanon.php Ireland to deploy 150 troops to United Nations force in Lebanon]. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref>
|-
| {{flag|France}}
| align=center|747
| The [[French Army]] contributed 13 [[Leclerc tank|Leclerc]] main battle tanks in Lebanon<ref>Associated Press [http://www.thestate.com/mld/thestate/news/world/15500276.htm French Tanks Give Teeth to U.N. Force] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070811212640/http://www.thestate.com/mld/thestate/news/world/15500276.htm |date=11 August 2007 }}. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref> to UNIFIL ground forces until February 2007. [[France]] also continuously deploys part of their [[peace]] keeping operations rotations of [[List of French paratrooper units|French Paratroopers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rhp1.terre.defense.gouv.fr/Articles/annee_2012/St%20Michel%20au%20Liban/St%20Michel%20au%20Liban.html |title=LIBAN : le 1er RHP célèbre la St Michel |website=Armée de Terre 1er Régiment de Hussards Parachutistes |access-date=2015-08-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714124813/http://www.rhp1.terre.defense.gouv.fr/Articles/annee_2012/St%20Michel%20au%20Liban/St%20Michel%20au%20Liban.html |archive-date=14 July 2015}}</ref><ref>Forbes [http://www.opendemocracy.net/conflict-middle_east_politics/france_hesitation_3862.jsp France in Lebanon: the strength of hesitation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107114442/http://www.opendemocracy.net/conflict-middle_east_politics/france_hesitation_3862.jsp |date=7 November 2017 }}. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref><br /> In addition, [[French Navy]] ships with 1,700 sailors are deployed off Lebanon in [[Opération Baliste]], and assisting in UNIFIL operations.
| align=center|<ref name="A">EiTB24 [http://www.eitb24.com/portal/eitb24/noticia/en/international-news/truce-in-lebanon-italian-troops-land-in-lebanon-strengthening-ren?itemId=B24_7445&cl=%2Feitb24%2Finternacional&idioma=en Italian troops land in Lebanon strengthening renewed UNIFIL]. Retrieved 14 September 2006. {{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Germany}}
| align=center|255
| Maritime Task Force (MTF) commander (2006–2008, 2021–present). Contributes [[German Navy|naval ships]] to secure the Lebanese coast and prevent arms smuggling
| align=center|<ref name="G">MonstersandCritics.com [http://news.monstersandcritics.com/europe/article_1201145.php/Germany_sends_troops_to_Lebanon Germany sends troops to Lebanon] {{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref><ref name=br-navy>{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/noticias/cerimonia-de-transferencia-de-autoridade-marca-conclusao-da-participacao-brasileira-no|title=Cerimônia de Transferência de Autoridade marca a conclusão da participação brasileira no Comando da FTM-UNIFIL|work=Marinha do Brasil |date=18 January 2021|access-date=20 September 2024|language=pt|publisher=Brazilian Navy |last1=Vieira |first1=SG }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ghana}}
| align=center|876
|
| align=center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghanaian peacekeepers: Keeping the UN flag flying high despite crisis |url=https://unifil.unmissions.org/ghanaian-peacekeepers-keeping-un-flag-flying-high-despite-crisis |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=United Nations Peacekeeping |date=30 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Greece}}
| align=center|183
| {{sclass|Elli|frigate|1}}, HS ''Kanaris'', to patrol against arms smugglers
| align=center|<ref name=kathimerini-09-09>{{cite news|title=Greece begins its peacekeeping drive in Lebanon: Frigate has orders to fire if need be|date=9 September 2006|publisher=[[Kathimerini]]|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_politics_100004_09/09/2006_74016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070120031713/http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_politics_100004_09/09/2006_74016|archive-date=20 January 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
|-
| {{flag|Guatemala}}
| align=center|2
|Officers
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.minex.gob.gt/noticias/Noticia.aspx?id=32499 |title= Comunicado sobre los recientes ataques contra la Fuerza Provisional de Naciones Unidas en el Líbano (UNIFIL) |date= 11 October 2024 |publisher= Minex |access-date= 10 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Hungary}}
| align=center|16
| Topographers
| align=center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Hungarian peacekeepers return home from Lebanon |url=https://defence.hu/news/first-hungarian-peacekeepers-return-home-from-lebanon.html |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Defence.hu |date=24 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|India}}
| align=center|903
| One Standard Infantry Battalion of the Indian Army (Regulars), along with support components from the Corps of Engineers (Sappers), Corps of Signals and other logistic Arms and Services
| align=center|<ref>IndianMuslims.info {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071217153017/http://www.indianmuslims.info/news/2006/august/29/muslim_world_news/india_to_keep_existing_troops_in_unifil_for_time_being.html India to keep existing troops in UNIFIL for 'time being']}}. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Indonesia}}
| align=center|1256
| 850 men in a mechanized infantry battalion, 75 men in a military police unit, 200 men in a force protection company, 11 men assigned to UNIFIL's headquarters staff, and 111 men aboard KRI ''Diponegoro'' ({{sclass2|Sigma|corvette|1}} of the [[Indonesian Navy]])
| align=center|<ref>Helsingin Sanomat [http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Indonesian+leader+praises+Finns+for+contribution+to+Aceh+peace+process/1135221609182 Indonesian leader praises Finns for contribution to Aceh peace process]. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref><ref>'''Indonesian''' [http://www.suarakarya-online.com/news.html?id=214061 Tiga Kontingen Garuda Diberangkatkan ke Lebanon] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716161434/http://www.suarakarya-online.com/news.html?id=214061 |date=16 July 2011}} 18 November 2008, ''Suara Karya Online''</ref><ref>Antara News [http://www.antara.co.id/arc/2009/1/9/kri-diponegoro-siap-diberangkatkan-ke-lebanon/ KRI Diponegoro Siap Diberangkatkan ke Lebanon] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213140024/http://www.antara.co.id/arc/2009/1/9/kri-diponegoro-siap-diberangkatkan-ke-lebanon/ |date=13 February 2009}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ireland}}
| align=center|348
| The [[Irish Army]] has suffered the most casualties (48 fatalities) in UNIFIL followed by [[Fiji|Ghana]], [[France]] and Fiji since 1978; contributing over 30,000 peacekeepers over a period of 23 years. 
| align=center|<ref name = "F" /><ref>Military.ie [https://web.archive.org/web/20210514173226/https://www.military.ie/press-office/news-events/single-view/article/defence-forces-troops-prepare-for-deployment-to-lebanon/?cHash=381f874598c5e69a169ad855205bf747.html 1000 Irish troops to be redeployed to Lebanon] .</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.military.ie/overseas/current-missions/unifil|title=Current Missions|access-date=6 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Italy}}
| align=center|1193
| Assumed charge of UNIFIL ground forces in February 2007
| align=center|<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.dw.com/en/beirut-blast-live-updates-half-of-lebanons-capital-affected-by-damage/a-54443532 |title = Beirut blast live updates: Half of Lebanon's capital affected by damage |website=Deutsche Welle |date = 5 August 2020 |access-date = 30 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}}
| align=center|3
|
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url = https://astanatimes.com/2023/11/kazakhstan-deploys-peacekeeping-contingent-to-un-mission-in-lebanon/ |title = Kazakhstan Deploys Peacekeeping Contingent to UN Mission in Lebanon |work = The Astana Times |date = 15 November 2023 |publisher = Astana Times |access-date = 20 November 2024 |last1 = Ualikhanova |first1 = Aruzhan }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kenya}}
| align=center|3
|
|
|-
| {{flag|Latvia}}
| align=center|34
|
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.mod.gov.lv/en/news/national-armed-forces-join-un-interim-force-lebanon |title= National Armed Forces join the UN Interim Force in Lebanon |publisher= Ministry of Defence Republic of Latvia |access-date= 23 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Malawi}}
| align=center|2
| 
|
|-
| {{flag|Malaysia}}
| align=center|830
| Administrative (200) and patrol/quick reaction team (160; including commandos and special forces). Excluding the Brunei unit.
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web | url= https://thediplomat.com/2024/09/the-asia-pacific-and-the-israel-lebanon-flashpoint-the-unifil-variable/ | title= The Asia-Pacific and the Israel-Lebanon Flashpoint: The UNIFIL Variable | date= 4 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2024/11/04/pm-anwar-malaysia-stands-with-unifil-mission-in-lebanon-closely-tracks-safety-of-malaysian-peacekeepers-in-lebanon/155775 | title= PM Anwar: Malaysia stands with Unifil mission in Lebanon, closely tracks safety of Malaysian peacekeepers in Lebanon | date= 4 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Malta}}
| align=center|9
| 
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/125509/maltese_soldiers_deployed_in_lebanon_un_peacekeeping_force_safe |title = Maltese soldiers deployed in Lebanon UN peacekeeping force safe |publisher= Malta Today |access-date = 23 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Mongolia}}
| align=center|4
| Medical team
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url = https://chig.mn/news/3/single/1521 |title = БАЙНГЫН ТӨЛӨӨЛӨГЧИЙН ГАЗРААС ХЭВЛЭЛИЙН МЭДЭЭ ИРҮҮЛЛЭЭ |publisher= Chig.mn |date = 15 August 2023 |access-date = 10 January 2025}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Nepal}}
| align=center|877
| Infantry battalion
| align=center|<ref name="K">PeaceJournalism.com [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717061701/http://peacejournalism.com/ReadArticle.asp?ArticleID=10567 Annan Ends his Visit to Beirut after Touring War-Ravaged South Lebanon]. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Netherlands}}
| align=center|1
| Infantry battalion Dutchbatt: 839, of which 7 UNIFIL staff (1979–1983); Infantry battalion Dutchcoy: 155 (1983–1985); Maritime task force: 1 frigate + 718 military personnel (2006–2008). Currently, there is one soldier stationed.
|align=center|<ref name="MD1">Netherlands Ministry of Defence [https://english.defensie.nl/topics/historical-missions/mission-overview/1979/united-nations-interim-force-in-lebanon-unifil/dutch-contribution] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817144145/https://english.defensie.nl/topics/historical-missions/mission-overview/1979/united-nations-interim-force-in-lebanon-unifil/dutch-contribution|date=17 August 2021}}. Retrieved 17 August 2021.</ref><ref name="MD2">Netherlands Ministry of Defence [https://english.defensie.nl/topics/historical-missions/mission-overview/2006/maritime-task-force-unifil] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817150349/https://english.defensie.nl/topics/historical-missions/mission-overview/2006/maritime-task-force-unifil|date=17 August 2021}}. Retrieved 17 August 2021.</ref><ref name="M">Netherlands Ministry of Defence [http://www.defensie.nl/actueel/nieuws/2008/01/23/4688310/Hr_Ms_De_Ruyter_terug_van_UNIFIL_missie Hr.Ms. De Ruyter terug van UNIFIL-missie] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807071017/http://www.defensie.nl/actueel/nieuws/2008/01/23/4688310/Hr_Ms_De_Ruyter_terug_van_UNIFIL_missie |date=7 August 2011}}, 23 January 2008. Retrieved 25 May 2011.</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Nigeria}}
| align=center|2
|
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web | url = https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/14/middleeast/unifil-peacekeeping-force-israel-lebanon-explainer/index.html | title = What is UNIFIL, the peacekeeping force on the Israel-Lebanon border? |publisher = CNN | date = 23 December 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|North Macedonia}}
| align=center|1
|
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web |title = UNIFIL | url = https://mod.gov.mk/unifil-2/ |publisher = Ministry of Defence Republic of North Macedonia | date = 23 December 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Peru}}
| align=center|1
|
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web | url = https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-peru-expresses-serious-concern-over-attack-on-unifil-facilities-1003498.aspx | title = Peru expresses serious concern over attack on UNIFIL facilities | publisher = andina.pe | date = 23 December 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Poland}}
| align=center|208
| The Polish military contingent consists of a maneuver company with [[KTO Rosomak]] APCs and [[Humvee|HMMWV]] armored trucks and HQ staff officers. The Polish contingent is part of the Irish-Polish operational battalion IRISHPOLBATT, which includes a Hungarian unit. 
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://defence24.pl/sily-zbrojne/iii-zmiana-polskich-zolnierzy-przejela-sluzbe-w-libanie?srsltid=AfmBOoqTiK21GS7ImZm7JJfMerz3_VQF0FL__QilNr8buXGG28OLXGpI | title=III zmiana polskich żołnierzy przejęła służbę w Libanie | date=4 March 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagdeco|South Korea}} [[Republic of Korea]]
| align=center|280
| Tasked with policing, providing medical assistance and performing cultural exchange
|
|-
| {{flag|Serbia}}
| align=center|182
| 8 staff officers, 5 national support element and 164 infantry
| align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mod.gov.rs/sadrzaj.php?id_sadrzaja=4366|title=Министарство одбране Републике Србије – Актуелне мултинационалне операције|access-date=6 February 2015|archive-date=30 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830063726/http://www.mod.gov.rs/sadrzaj.php?id_sadrzaja=4366|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Sierra Leone}}
| align=center|3
|
|
|-
| {{flag|Spain}}
| align=center|660
| De-mining and [[beach cleaning]], mechanized infantry battalion (1 infantry platoon from El Salvador), cavalry squadron, combat engineers, helicopter unit
| align=center| <ref>People's Daily Online [http://english.people.com.cn/200609/13/eng20060913_302393.html Spanish troops hope to help speed up Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon]. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref><ref>Daily Star [http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=2&article_id=75427 Western envoys discuss deployments to UNIFIL]. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mde.es/areasTematicas/misiones/enCurso/misiones/mision_4.html |title=Ministerio de Defensia. Nodo de Internet |publisher=Mde.es |access-date=5 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091220042126/http://www.mde.es/areasTematicas/misiones/enCurso/misiones/mision_4.html |archive-date=20 December 2009 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Sri Lanka}}
| align=center|127
| Mechanized infantry company with combat support personal and vehicles
| align=center|<ref>The Island [http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=11739 Lankan troops for Lebanon UN peace keeping mission].</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Tanzania|name=United Republic of Tanzania}}
| align=center|125
|
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web | url= https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/unifil-pays-tribute-to-fallen-tanzanian-peacekeepers-congo | title= UNIFIL pays tribute to fallen Tanzanian peacekeepers in the Congo | date= 4 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}}
| align=center|89
|
| align=center|<ref name="TW">Turkish Weekly [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929105218/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.php?id=40268 The Turkish UNIFIL Troops Set off for Lebanon]. Retrieved 9 November 2006.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turkishembassy.org.lb/turkliban/turkliban.htm |title=T.C. Beyrut Büyükelçiliği / Turkish Embassy in Beirut |publisher=Turkishembassy.org.lb |access-date=5 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003150746/http://www.turkishembassy.org.lb/turkliban/turkliban.htm |archive-date=3 October 2010 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| align=center|2
|
|
|-
| {{flag|Uruguay}}
| align=center|1
|
|
|-
| {{flag|Zambia}}
| align=center|2
|
|
|}

===Former contributors===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" width="110px" | !! Last number forces !! Support Roles !! Ref
|-
| {{flag|Argentina}}
| align=center|3
|
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/oficiales-argentinos-se-incorporaron-la-mision-internacional-de-mantenimiento-de-la-paz-de |title= Argentine officers joined the United Nations international peacekeeping mission in Lebanon |date= 4 July 2022 |publisher= Argentina.gob.ar |access-date= 26 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reuters.com/world/argentina-withdraws-three-officers-un-peacekeeping-mission-lebanon-2024-11-19/ |title= Argentina withdraws from UN peacekeeping mission in Lebanon |date= 19 November 2024 |publisher= Reuters |access-date= 19 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Belarus}}
| align=center|5
| The Belarus Contingent consist of one surgical team and staff officer in UNIFIL
| align=center| <ref>UNIFIL [http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1504 unifil.unmissions.org] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306025344/http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1504 |date=6 March 2010}}. Retrieved 23 August 2010.</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Belgium}}
| align=center|105
| [[Demining|De-miners]], medical and reconstruction teams, 1 {{sclass|Karel Doorman|frigate|1}}
| align=center| <ref name="L">Expatica Communications <u>Two Belgian generals to
serve on Lebanon mission</u>[http://www.expatica.com/actual/article.asp?subchannel_id=48&story_id=32677 expatica.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929115116/http://www.expatica.com/actual/article.asp?subchannel_id=48&story_id=32677 |date=29 September 2007 }}. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref><ref name = "M" />
|-
| {{flag|Bulgaria}} 
| align=center|160 
| 1 {{sclass|Wielingen|frigate|1}} 
| align=center|<ref>Naharnet [http://www.naharnet.com/domino/tn/newsdesk.nsf/Lebanon/1072DE30D8A4DE01C22571F90025BC64?OpenDocument Bulgaria Approves Sending 160-Crew Frigate to Lebanon]. Retrieved 30 September 2006.</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Chile}}
| align=center|338
| 
|
|-
| {{flag|Czech Republic}}
| align=center|138
| 
|
|-
| {{flag|Denmark}}
| align=center|204 
| 2 patrol boats as [[Royal Danish Navy|force protection]] for German contingent and 144 logistic soldiers, and 10 firefighters from the Danish Emergency Management Agency 
| align=center|<ref name="C">Asian Tribune [http://www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node/1775 U.N. Force Looks More European, Less Multinational] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603152645/http://www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node%2F1775 |date=3 June 2020 }}. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref><ref>Danish Navy [http://forsvaret.dk/SOK/Nyt+og+Presse/2006-09-21libanon.htm 2 missilfartøjer men ingen korvet til Libanon]. Retrieved 2 October 2006. {{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Dominican Republic}}
| align=center|25
|
|
|-
| {{flag|Iran}}
| align=center|600
| One reinforced company of the Iranian battalion from the [[United Nations Disengagement Observer Force]] which was released later and replaced by 600 troop battalion
| align=center| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Establishment of UNIFIL – SecGen report|url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-209970/|website=Question of Palestine|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Japan}}
| align=center|205
| 
|
|-
| {{flag|Mexico}}
| align=center|2
|
|
|-
| {{flag|Moldova}}
| align=center|32
| Moldavian contingent served until 9 October 2024
| align=center|<ref name="ContigentMoldova">{{Cite news|url=https://moldova.europalibera.org/a/militarii-moldoveni-revin-din-libanul-macinat-de-razboi-colegii-lor-italieni-ramasi-pe-loc-sunt-tot-mai-des-in-buncar/33152339.html|title = Militarii moldoveni revin din Libanul măcinat de război. Colegii lor italieni rămași pe loc sunt tot mai des în buncăr | date= 9 October 2024 | newspaper= Radio Europa Liberă |last1 = Benea |first1 = Radu }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Norway}} 
| align=center|900 
| Infantry battalion NORBATT, engineering unit NORMAINTCOY, rotary wing force NORAIR, medical unit NORMEDCOY, and [[Royal Norwegian Navy|naval ships]] to secure the Lebanese coast and prevent arms smuggling 
| align=center|<ref name="iht 2006-09-05">Herald Tribune [http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/09/05/europe/EU_GEN_Norway_Lebanon.php Norway to send four ships, crew to U.N. peacekeeping force for Lebanon]. Retrieved 14 September 2006.</ref><ref>[http://www.mil.no/languages/english/start/article.jhtml?articleID=125649/ Sending MTBs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930220843/http://www.mil.no/languages/english/start/article.jhtml?articleID=125649%2F |date=30 September 2007}}. Retrieved 2 October 2006.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://forsvaret.no/operasjoner/tidligere/libanon/Sider/Bidraget.aspx |title=Bidraget |website=Forsvaret.no |access-date=2013-12-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212011003/http://forsvaret.no/operasjoner/tidligere/libanon/Sider/Bidraget.aspx |archive-date=12 December 2013}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Philippines}}
| align=center|340
|
| align=center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/philippines-pull-out-un-peacekeepers-from-golan-heights/a-17935562|title = Philippines pull out UN peacekeepers from Golan Heights | date=19 September 2014 | website=[[Deutsche Welle]] }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Portugal}} 
| align=center|140 
| Engineering unit 
| align=center|<ref>Naharnet [http://www.naharnet.com/domino/tn/NewsDesk.nsf/0/D2BDB5141B6FA67FC2257215003559D4?OpenDocument Portuguese UNIFIL Troops to Head to Lebanon Next Week]. Retrieved 28 October 2006.</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Qatar}}
| align=center|1
| The only [[Arab people|Arab]] nation to contribute to UNIFIL, deployed 205 soldiers to Lebanon in 2007. They mostly provided humanitarian assistance, and three logistics officers worked at UNIFIL headquarters
| align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naharnet.com |title=Qatar quits UNIFIL |publisher=Naharnet.com |access-date=23 February 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Russia|name=Russian Federation}} 
| align=center|400
| Engineers 
| align=center|<ref>Syrian Arab News Agency [http://www.sana.org/eng/22/2006/09/13/66433.htm Russia Sends 1200 Soldiers to Lebanon]. Retrieved 14 September 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725011326/http://www.sana.org/eng/22/2006/09/13/66433.htm |date=25 July 2009}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Senegal}} 
| align=center|559
| The Senegalese contingent of UNIFIL was stationed from 1978 to 1984
| align=center|<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/10/05/Senegal-to-pull-out-its-UN-unit-from-Lebanon/9627465796800/ |title = Senegal to pull out its U.N. unit from Lebanon | date = 5 October 1984 | website= United Nations Peacekeeping }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Slovakia}} 
| align=center|6 
| Medical team 
|
|-
| {{flag|Slovenia}}
| align=center|37
| The Slovenian army participated in the mission from 2006 to 31 July 2023
| align=center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.slovenskavojska.si/v-sluzbi-miru/mednarodne-operacije-in-misije/libanon/ | title=Libanon }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Sweden}} 
| align=center|600 
| One company from UNEF II 1978 to establish UNIFIL, one field hospital 1980–1992, one logistics battalion 1986–1994. The Swedish Armed Forces have contributed with 8,148 soldiers and sailors to UNIFIL since 1980
1 {{sclass|Göteborg|corvette|1}} 
| align=center|<ref name = "C" /><ref>Swedish armed forces [http://www.mil.se/index.php?lang=S&c=news&id=33973 HMS Gävle på väg søderut]. Retrieved 2 October 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001143414/http://www.mil.se/index.php?lang=S&c=news&id=33973 |date=1 October 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forsvarsmakten.se/sv/information-och-fakta/var-historia/mer-historia/avslutade-truppinsatser/unifil-libanon/ |title=UNIFIL – Libanon |work=Forsvarsmakten |access-date=21 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Switzerland}}
| align=center|198
| 
|
|-
| {{flag|Ukraine}}
| align=center|127
| 
|
|-
| {{flag|Vietnam|name=Vietnam}}
| align=center|32
| 
|
|}

== Assessment and controversy ==
{{POV section|talk=NPOV concerns regading 'Assessment and controversy' section|date=October 2024}}
Since its formation, UNIFIL has been repeatedly criticised and condemned as incompetent, ineffectual, "a failure" of the United Nations and "largely meaningless".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robbins |first=Elizabeth |date=2022-12-22 |title=The U.N.'s Failure in Lebanon |url=https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2022/12/22/the-uns-failure-in-lebanon/ |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=[[Foundation for Defense of Democracies]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schenker |first=David |date=2023-01-24 |title=The UNIFIL Follies Turn Deadly on the Israel-Lebanon Border |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/unifil-follies-turn-deadly-israel-lebanon-border |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=[[The Washington Institute for Near East Policy]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ecanow |first=Natalie |date=2022-12-22 |title=The U.N.'s Failure in Lebanon |url=https://thedispatch.com/article/the-u-n-s-failure-in-lebanon/ |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=[[The Dispatch]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Badran |first=Tony |date=2020-08-24 |title=Terminate the UN Interim Force in Lebanon |url=https://www.newsweek.com/terminate-un-interim-force-lebanon-opinion-1526970 |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=[[Newsweek]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jett |first=Dennis |date=2017-09-26 |title=The Future of UN Peacekeepers in Lebanon |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-09-26/future-un-peacekeepers-lebanon |access-date=2024-08-22 |work=Foreign Affairs |language=en-US |issn=0015-7120}}</ref> ''[[The New Republic]]'' reported in October 2006 that,<blockquote>Our military and W. intelligence sources reveal that Hizballah waited only one day after Israel's final pull-out to set up checkpoints and declare its retaken strongholds with rockets "closed military zones," which neither the Lebanese army nor UN peacekeepers have dared enter.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2006-10-04 |title=Total Failure In Lebanon |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/37255/total-failure-lebanon |access-date=2024-08-22 |magazine=[[The New Republic]] |issn=0028-6583}}</ref></blockquote>A former Israeli diplomat, [[Itamar Rabinovich]], criticised the efficacy of UNIFIL, describing it as "a joke" and stating "They've been there for 26 years and since then, there have been so many skirmishes [along the border]."<ref>{{cite news |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5567793 
|title= Mass Exodus Continues as Lebanon Seeks Aid}}</ref> Former Israeli Prime Minister [[Ehud Olmert]] also said "We didn't like very much UNIFIL which was very useless and very helpless. Look what happened. Did you hear of any particular efforts of the United Nations UNIFIL force in the south of Lebanon to prevent the attacks against Israel in the first place. So they were not useful and that is why we were unhappy with them."<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Times Online (UK) |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-2296832,00.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070217200803/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-2296832,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 February 2007 |title=The Times interview with Ehud Olmert: full transcript |access-date=3 August 2006}}</ref>

Both Israel and Hezbollah have accused UNIFIL of bias. Israel claims the force has allowed, if not aided, Hezbollah's replenishment of military power. Hezbollah, in turn, alleges that "certain contingents" of UNIFIL are spying for, if not assisting, Israel.<ref name="al jaz" /> During deadly skirmishes between Lebanese and Israeli forces in 2010, UNIFIL was heavily criticized for failing to intervene, with two Indonesian soldiers filmed fleeing the battleground in a taxi.<ref>{{cite web|date=5 August 2010|title=Criticism as Two Indonesian Soldiers Flee Lebanese, Israeli Battle in Taxi|url=http://jakartaglobe.id/archive/criticism-as-two-indonesian-soldiers-flee-lebanese-israeli-battle-in-taxi/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210124011/http://jakartaglobe.id/archive/criticism-as-two-indonesian-soldiers-flee-lebanese-israeli-battle-in-taxi/|archive-date=10 February 2018|access-date=10 February 2018|publisher=[[Jakarta Globe]]}}</ref>

UNIFIL has responded to the accusations of bias levied by both sides. On 26 July 2006, a former spokesman stated that upon the mission's deployment in 1978, UNIFIL was "accused of being sympathetic to Palestinians", as [[Hezbollah]] had not yet been established. "A peacekeeping force does not come here with pre-set enemies. There is no enemy [inaudible] in a peacekeeping force. UNIFIL is a peacekeeping force. It's not an Israeli combat force or an anti-terror force, as they would like it to be. As long as we don't serve their direct interests, they are going to denigrate it as much as they can."<ref>[[Democracy Now!]], [http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06/07/26/147212 ''Kofi Annan Says Israel's Fatal Attack on UN Force in Lebanon was "Apparently Deliberate"; Longtime UN Official Says Israel Knew Site Was UN Base''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830200222/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06%2F07%2F26%2F147212|date=30 August 2006}}</ref>

In February 2021, Lebanese journalist and opponent of Hezbollah [[Lokman Slim]] was abducted and murdered while in a UNIFIL-controlled area of Lebanon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghaddar |first=Hanin |date=2023-03-14 |title=Middle East Matters, Episode One: The Murder of Lokman Slim: Justice Delayed in Lebanon |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/middle-east-matters-episode-one-murder-lokman-slim-justice-delayed-lebanon |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=[[Washington Institute for Near East Policy|Washington Institute]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Assaf |first=Claude |date=2023-02-03 |title=Two years on, investigation into Lokman Slim's assassination hits a 'red line' |url=https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1326982/two-years-on-investigation-into-lokman-slims-assassination-hits-a-red-line.html |access-date=2024-08-22 |work=[[L'Orient Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sader |first=Marie Jo |date=2022-02-03 |title=How Lokman Slim was assassinated |url=https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1289706/how-lokman-slim-was-assassinated.html |access-date=2024-08-22 |work=[[L'Orient Today]]}}</ref> According to the ''[[Los Angeles Review of Books]],''<blockquote>Lokman Slim was found slumped over in the passenger seat of his Toyota with four bullets to the head and one to the back on February 4. Though his car was found outside Addoussieh in South Lebanon, his phone was retrieved from a field 36 kilometers away in Niha al-Janoub, a village he frequented once a week to have lunch with a friend, a general in the Lebanese Army. That he was kidnapped and murdered but kilometers from the UNIFIL barracks, where around 600 French and 200 Finnish soldiers were stationed, was a message to more than activists.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pheiffer |first=Evan |date=2021-04-16 |title=The Meaning of Lokman Slim |url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-meaning-of-lokman-slim/ |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=[[Los Angeles Review of Books]]}}</ref></blockquote>

=== Israeli concerns ===
[[File:2012.5.13 부르즈라할 전통문화 축제 (7843296410).jpg|thumb|South Korean UNIFIL members performing for local Lebanese in 2012]]
Among Israel's criticisms of UNIFIL are that it maintains dialogue with Hezbollah, which it views as a terrorist organization, and treats Israeli and Hezbollah violations of UNSC Resolution 1701 equally, while Israel views its violations of Lebanese airspace as less severe than Hezbollah's violations including crossings of the blue line and rocket launches, namely because the presence of Hezbollah in  southern Lebanon in and of itself is in violation of Resolution 1701. Israel and its primary allies in the west consider Hezbollah to be a terrorist organization and not a legitimate political party or representative of Lebanon. UNIFIL was accused of complicity in the fatal [[Israeli Engineering Corps#The October 2000 Lebanon abduction|abduction of IDF soldiers in October 2000]], and Israel further blamed it for obstructing its investigation by initially denying the existence of the attack and, upon the leaking of the incident's occurrence, refusing to supply videos for several months.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=CNN|date=3 August 2001|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/08/03/un.lebanon.report/index.html|title=U.N. report: Kidnapped Israeli soldiers may be dead|access-date=26 February 2005|archive-date=12 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612005311/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/08/03/un.lebanon.report/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (for the period from 21 July 2004 to 20 January 2005|url= https://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=S/2005/36 |id=Document S/2005/36 |publisher=United Nations }}</ref>

Prior to the July [[2006 Lebanon War]], Israel had been lobbying for UNIFIL to either take a more active role vis-a-vis Hezbollah—for example, preventing Hezbollah from stationing near UNIFIL posts to fire at the IDF and into northern Israel—or to step out of the region, which would thereby void the Lebanese government's excuse for not deploying [[Lebanese Armed Forces]] along the border.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/objects/pages/PrintArticleEn.jhtml?itemNo=623427 |title=Israel accuses UN of collaborating with Hezbollah |access-date=28 October 2006 |archive-date=6 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080606175156/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/objects/pages/PrintArticleEn.jhtml?itemNo=623427 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

UNIFIL also came under criticism during the [[2006 Lebanon War]] for broadcasting detailed reports of Israeli troop movements, numbers, and positions on their website which "could have exposed Israeli soldiers to grave danger", while making no such reports about Hezbollah. UNIFIL's actions could have been motivated by the fact that Israel was, as a response to Hezbollah rocket fire (which Hezbollah alleges to have been a reaction to Israeli "border violations") and to the kidnapping of Israeli soldiers, conducting a ground invasion of Lebanon at that time. Israel was concerned when it was reported that [[Indonesia]] was being considered to replace Italy as commander of UNIFIL's naval force. As Indonesia does not recognize Israel, and the two countries have no diplomatic or military relations, Israel expressed concern that cooperation with the IDF, especially the [[Israeli Navy]], could deteriorate.<ref>{{cite news|author=Yaakov Katz|date=28 April 2010|title=Israel concerned about UNIFIL takeover|work=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=174151|access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref>

A 2010 book published by [[Norway|Norwegian]] journalist [[Odd Karsten Tveit]] revealed that the [[Norwegian Army]] was complicit in the escape of two Lebanese men who were arrested by the Israeli Army and being held in [[Khiam detention center|Khiam prison]]. According to the book, in 1992, two detained Lebanese men escaped from Khiam prison. Fearing that they would face torture or execution if caught by the [[Israel Defense Forces]] or [[South Lebanon Army]], the soldiers dressed the detainees in UN uniforms, and placed them in a UNIFIL convoy which left Southern Lebanon through Israeli roadblocks. Shortly afterward, Israeli Army commander [[Moshe Tamir (general)|Moshe Tamir]] visited the Norwegian battalion's camp, and accused Norwegian commander [[Hagrup Haukland]] of "sheltering terrorists". Immediately after the confrontation, the Lebanese men were smuggled onto a bus used by Norwegian peacekeepers on leave, which took them to [[Beirut]].<ref>{{cite news|date=20 June 1995|title=Report: UNIFIL helped prisoners flee IDF|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3964037,00.html|access-date=23 February 2012|work=Ynetnews|last1=Uni|first1=Assaf}}</ref>

=== Hezbollah concerns ===
Hezbollah supporters have accused UNIFIL of siding with Israel, especially since the passage of Resolution 1701 which they view as one-sided. On 16 October 2006, Lebanon's top Shiite cleric Grand Ayatollah [[Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah]] declared that the UN force had "come to protect Israel, not Lebanon",<ref>{{cite news|date=16 October 2006|title=Lebanon's top Shi'ite cleric: UN force only protects Israel Grand Ayatollah Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah urges the Lebanese to treat UNIFIL with caution|work=Haaretz|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/lebanon-s-top-shi-ite-cleric-un-force-only-protects-israel-1.201576|access-date=28 August 2014}}</ref> echoing the sentiment of the leader of Hezbollah – Sayed [[Hassan Nasrallah]], who previously said "They are ashamed of us, brothers and sisters. They are ashamed of saying they came to defend us, but they talk about defending Israel."<ref>{{cite news|last1=SLACKMAN|first1=MICHAEL|date=25 September 2006|title=U.N. Force Is Treading Lightly on Lebanese Soil|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/25/world/middleeast/25force.html|access-date=28 August 2014}}</ref>

=== Southern Lebanese reception ===
[[File:Unifil catholic mass.jpg|thumb|A 2004 Easter mass in South Lebanon by the French UNIFIL contingent]]
In the summer of 2010, relations soured between the French contingent and residents in several villages that led to injuries on both sides, after a French regiment began an exercise to identify Hezbollah members that included searching homes, taking photographs, using sniffer dogs, and questioning residents. Residents accused them of violating private property, treating them with contempt, and of not coordinating with the Lebanese army. The residents made clear that their conflict was only with the French contingent, and that relations with other contingents were good. Following discussions between UNIFIL commanders, ambassadors of countries with soldiers in UNIFIL, and the commander of the Lebanese army, an agreement was reached under which sniffer dogs would no longer be used, UNIFIL soldiers would refrain from entering Lebanese homes and yards, and only Lebanese army soldiers would carry out searches of homes.<ref name="al jaz">{{cite web|author= Lamis Andoni |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/2010/08/201083115627535963.html |title=Unifil 'on shaky ground' in Lebanon – Focus |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=8 March 2010 |access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/southern-lebanon-unstable-as-villagers-turn-on-un-troops-1.301801|title=Southern Lebanon Unstable as Villagers Turn on UN Troops|first=Zvi|last=Bar'el|date=14 July 2010|newspaper=Haaretz}}</ref>

Generally, relations between UNIFIL and local residents have been good. UNIFIL forces have offered various services to the locals, and have introduced elements of their own culture. India's UNIFIL contingent has carried out small-scale development projects, operates medical and dental clinics, veterinary care for local animals, and also runs entertainment camps for children and yoga classes.<ref name="time">{{cite magazine|author= Andrew Lee Butters |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1597656,00.html |title=Keepers of the (Inner) Peace |magazine=Time |date=8 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009132943/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1597656,00.html |access-date=5 October 2010|url-status= dead |archive-date=9 October 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/71558/indian-un-peacekeepers-lebanon-keep.html|title=Indian-UN peacekeepers in Lebanon keep crisis at bay|website=Deccan Herald|date=25 May 2010}}</ref>

The Indonesian UNIFIL contingent (INDOBATT) also gained a good reputation among the South Lebanese people through the Civil Military Coordination (CIMIC) program implemented by the contingent. This program has included many community-based activities, including computer courses for local residents, medical assistance and also technical assistance in rebuilding social facilities.<ref name="pralangga.org">{{cite magazine|author= Sanra Michiko Moningkey |url=http://pralangga.org/articles/computer-course-indobatt-menangkan-hati-warga-lebanon-selatan |title=(In Indonesian) Computer Course Indobatt Menangkan Hati Warga Lebanon Selatan |magazine=Time |date=16 July 2010 |access-date=2 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobal-review.com/content_detail.php?lang=id&id=10718&type=115#.UQ0ViWL1Dsw|title=Militer – Tim Kesehatan Indobatt di Lebanon Obati Warga Tulin|access-date=6 February 2015|archive-date=31 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331043136/http://theglobal-review.com/content_detail.php?lang=id&id=10718&type=115#.UQ0ViWL1Dsw|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobal-review.com/content_detail.php?lang=id&id=10772&type=115#.UQ0VfGL1Dsw|title=Militer – Pasukan Indobbat Akan Buat 3 Desa Binaan di Lebanon Wadansatgas|access-date=6 February 2015|archive-date=4 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104200604/http://www.theglobal-review.com/content_detail.php?lang=id&id=10772&type=115#.UQ0VfGL1Dsw|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The French contingent has taught poetry courses to local Francophone residents as well as French vocabulary and grammar to primary school students in 15 schools, the Italian contingent has given cooking lessons, the South Korean contingent has taught [[Taekwondo]], and the Chinese contingent has taught [[Tai chi]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-26-fg-peacekeepers26-story.html|title=Enforcing the peace with yoga and pizza|last=Daragahi|first=Borzou|date=2008-08-26|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=2016-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=11552&ctl=Details&mid=15105&ItemID=25214&language=en-US|title=United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)|last=UNIFIL|website=unifil.unmissions.org|date=10 December 2015|access-date=2016-09-01}}</ref>

[[File:BTR-80 of Garuda Indobatt Contingent UNIFIL.png|thumb|[[Indonesian Marine Corps|Korps Marinir]] [[BTR-80|BTR-80A]] of [[Garuda Contingent|Indonesian Contingent]] of UNIFIL during Medal Parade Ceremony at Indobatt Compound in [[Aadchit Al Qusayr|Adchit al-Qusayr]], [[Southern Lebanon]], 2020]]
An official source within the Lebanese government informed ''Al Jazeera'' that, despite UNIFIL's shortcomings, the force had been responsible for regularly hosting and mediating negotiations between Lebanese and Israeli forces, helping to defuse tensions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Azhari|first=Timour|title=UN council runs the clock on Lebanon peacekeeping renewal|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/council-runs-clock-lebanon-peacekeeping-renewal-200827101843458.html|access-date=2020-08-29|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> The source also claimed that prior to the mission's deployment in 1978, southern Lebanon was far more chaotic and unstable, and that UNIFIL's departure would lead to an outbreak of more conflict.<ref name=":0" />

== Confrontations ==
===Israel===
On 22 September 2006, [[French Air Force]] jets were seen over the skies of [[Beirut]] during [[Hassan Nasrallah]]'s victory speech, possibly trying to protect him from an Israeli assassination attempt.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} Nasrallah told the crowd that he had no fear in addressing the masses directly, rather than through armored glass. On 28 September, two Israeli [[Merkava]] tanks, an [[armored bulldozer]], and a number of military vehicles entered Lebanon and established a road block 500 meters away from the road leading to [[Marwahin]] village.<ref name="ynetnews.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3309378,00.html|title=Lebanon: UNIFIL tanks block IDF force|date=28 September 2006|access-date=6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="villepin.over-blog.com">{{cite web|url=http://villepin.over-blog.com/article-4002272.html|title=Face à face entre chars Leclerc et Merkava israéliens|date=29 September 2006|access-date=3 July 2018}}</ref>

The IDF force asked to advance deeper into Lebanese territory but they were confronted by four [[United Nations]] [[Leclerc tank|Leclerc]] tanks operated by French troops, which blocked their advance. The confrontation lasted for half an hour, in which Israeli soldiers confiscated the identity cards of photographers at the scene, claiming they may give pictures of the Israeli military to [[Hezbollah]] members. According to American and German correspondents, the French retreated, while the French commander claimed that the Israelis had turned back.<ref name="ynetnews.com"/><ref name="villepin.over-blog.com"/>

Following the war, Hezbollah was widely reported to be rearming with the help of [[Iran]] and [[Syria]], which were reportedly smuggling weaponry and munitions into Lebanon to replenish Hezbollah's depleted stocks.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1562890,00.html|title=Iran and Syria Helping Hizballah Rearm|date=24 November 2006|magazine=Time|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331142425/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1562890,00.html|access-date=6 February 2015|archive-date=31 March 2014}}</ref> Israel accused UNIFIL of failing to prevent Hezbollah's rearmament and thus failing to implement Resolution 1701. The [[Israeli Air Force]] began flying reconnaissance sorties over Lebanon to monitor Hezbollah's rearmament, with Israel announcing they would continue until Resolution 1701 was fully implemented. This led to repeated confrontations with UNIFIL.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/peretz-french-unifil-commanders-say-will-shoot-at-iaf-overflights-1.201492|title=Peretz: French UNIFIL commanders say will shoot at IAF overflights|date=16 October 2006|work=Haaretz.com|access-date=6 February 2015}}</ref>

On 3 October 2006, an Israeli fighter jet penetrated the {{convert|2|nmi|km|adj=on}} defense perimeter of the [[French Navy]] frigate ''[[French frigate Courbet (F 712)|Courbet]]'' without answering radio calls, triggering a diplomatic incident. Israel apologized after official protests from the French government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0%402-3218,36-828946%4051-759824,0.html |title=Israël présente ses excuses à l'Allemagne |work=Le Monde |access-date=5 August 2010 |language=fr}} {{dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>[http://news.monstersandcritics.com/middleeast/article_1214938.php/No_aggression_intended_Israel_says_after_German_ship_incident No aggression intended Israel says after German ship incident] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124338/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/middleeast/article_1214938.php/No_aggression_intended_Israel_says_after_German_ship_incident |date=29 September 2007}}</ref>

On 24 October, six [[Israeli Air Force]] [[F-16]] jets flew over the [[German Navy]] intelligence ship ''[[Alster (A 50)|Alster]]'', patrolling off Israel's coast just south of the Lebanese border. The German Defense Ministry said that the planes had given off infrared decoys and one of the aircraft had fired two shots into the air, which had not been specifically aimed. The Israeli military said that a German helicopter took off from the vessel without having coordinated this with Israel, and denied vehemently having fired any shots at the vessel and said "as of now" it also had no knowledge of the jets launching flares over it.<ref name="teluguportal.net">{{cite news|url=http://www.teluguportal.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=18958 |title=Germany, Israel confirm naval vessel-planes incident |date=28 October 2006 |publisher=Telugu Portal}} {{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="Middle East News">{{cite news|url=http://news.monstersandcritics.com/middleeast/article_1214671.php/Germany_Israel_confirm_naval_vessel-planes_incident |title=Germany, Israel confirm naval vessel-planes incident |date=28 October 2006 |publisher=Middle East News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124419/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/middleeast/article_1214671.php/Germany_Israel_confirm_naval_vessel-planes_incident |archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref><ref name="Ynetnews">{{cite news |url=http://story.malaysiasun.com/index.php/ct/9/cid/b8de8e630faf3631/id/ba4623e8cf1e387d/ |title=Israel denies firing shots at German ship |date=28 October 2006 |publisher=[[Ynetnews]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609015751/http://story.malaysiasun.com/index.php/ct/9/cid/b8de8e630faf3631/id/210716/cs/1/ |archive-date=9 June 2008}}</ref>

Israeli Defense Minister [[Amir Peretz]] telephoned his German counterpart [[Franz Josef Jung]] to clarify that "Israel has no intention to carry out any aggressive actions" against the German peacekeeping forces in Lebanon, who are there as part of UNIFIL to enforce an arms embargo against Hezbollah. Germany confirmed the consultations, and that both sides were interested in maintaining good cooperation.<ref name="teluguportal.net"/><ref name="Middle East News"/><ref name="Ynetnews"/> The ''Alster'''s crew had recorded several overflights by Israeli jets in the previous weeks, but claimed that the Israeli aircraft had always stayed at high altitude. The week before the incident, Israeli jets had confronted a German naval helicopter, but turned back after the Germans identified themselves.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,445473,00.html |title=Israel versus Germany: Confrontation off Lebanon Leads to Questions – |work=[[Der Spiegel]] |date=30 October 2006 |access-date=23 February 2012|last1=Schult |first1=Christoph |last2=Szandar |first2=Alexander }}</ref>

Shortly after the war, UN Secretary-General [[Kofi Annan]], reporting to the Security Council, stated that there were no serious incidents or confrontations, but that peacekeepers reported Israeli flyovers "almost on a daily basis".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/12/02/news/UN_GEN_UN_Lebanon_Peacekeepers.php |title=Search – Global Edition – The New York Times |work=International Herald Tribune |date=29 March 2009 |access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref> UNIFIL commander [[Alain Pellegrini]] claimed that Israeli flyovers violated the cease-fire and Lebanese sovereignty, and warned that if the diplomatic efforts to stop the overflights failed, force might be used to stop them. Israeli military sources reported that Israel would bomb UNIFIL positions if Israeli aircraft were attacked.<ref>[[Al Jazeera English]] – ''Israel insists on Lebanon overflights'' – 22 October 2006</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Amir Mizroch and AP |url=https://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=38495 |title=UNIFIL warns it may act against IAF overflights of Lebanon |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=20 October 2006 |access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref> On 23 October, sources in the Israeli defense establishment said that intelligence gathered by the sorties had revealed that Hezbollah was rebuilding its military infrastructure. Israeli Defense Minister [[Amir Peretz]] told the cabinet that surveillance flights over Lebanon would continue in light of the fact that arms smuggling between Syria and Lebanon continued.<ref>{{cite web|last=Levi |first=Hana |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/114080 |title=IAF Reconnaissance Flights in Lebanon to Continue – Defense/Middle East – News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |date=23 October 2006 |access-date=23 February 2012}}</ref>

On 31 October 2006, eight Israeli [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle|F-15s]] flew over many areas of Lebanon, including Beirut.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6101448.stm|title=BBC NEWS – Middle East – Israeli jets fly low over Beirut|date=31 October 2006|access-date=6 February 2015}}</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20061031/ts_nm/mideast_lebanon_planes_dc Israeli warplanes fly low over Beirut, suburbs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428231432/https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20061031/ts_nm/mideast_lebanon_planes_dc |date=28 April 2020 }}, Reuters</ref> The jets also flew over a French position in Lebanon. According to the [[Minister of Defence (France)|French Defense Minister]] [[Michele Alliot-Marie]], the planes came in at what was interpreted as an attack formation, and the peacekeepers were "two seconds away" from firing at the jets with an anti-aircraft missile.<ref>[https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/785914.html IDF checking French claim its UN troops almost fired at IAF jets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225114214/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/785914.html |date=25 February 2010 }}, Associated Press in ''Haaretz''</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3325919,00.html |title=France: We nearly fired at IAF aircraft|work=Ynetnews |date=20 June 1995 |access-date=23 February 2012}}</ref>

On 6 September, during a [[European Union]] meeting in [[Brussels]], the French Defense Minister announced that the Israeli Air Force had stopped mock air attacks over UNIFIL positions. On 17 November, two Israeli F-15s overflew UN positions at low altitude and high speed while two reconnaissance planes circled the headquarters of the French battalion. French peacekeepers responded by readying their anti-aircraft batteries, and warned that Israeli warplanes conducting mock attacks could be fired on.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150426160854/http://www.lebanon-today.com/index2-php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=1256 Lebanon-today.com]</ref>

The IAF continued its reconnaissance flights over Lebanon, and despite strong protests, UNIFIL peacekeeping forces did not follow through on their threats to fire at Israeli aircraft. The Lebanese government reported hundreds of overflights by Israeli aircraft, and also claimed that Israeli troops had illegally crossed the border dozens of times, including into the disputed [[Shebaa farms]] area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/lebanon-to-un-israel-breached-truce-deal-hundreds-of-times-1.232334|title=Lebanon to UN: Israel breached truce deal hundreds of times|date=1 November 2007|work=Haaretz.com|access-date=6 February 2015}}</ref>

On 11 October 2024, IDF fired on UNIFIL positions in southern Lebanon, injuring two peacekeepers after striking a watchtower at UNIFIL's headquarters in [[Naqoura|Ras an-Naqoura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-military-says-it-opened-fire-near-unifil-base-southern-lebanon-2024-10-10/|date=2024-10-10|access-date=2024-10-11|title=Israeli military says it opened fire near UNIFIL base in southern Lebanon|publisher=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/10/un-peacekeepers-in-lebanon-say-israel-has-fired-on-their-bases-deliberately|title=UN peacekeepers in Lebanon say Israel has fired on their bases deliberately|work=The Guardian|access-date=2024-10-11|date=2024-10-11|first1=Julian |last1=Borger|first2=Lisa|last2= O'Carroll}}</ref> UNIFIL labeled the attacks as deliberate violations of international humanitarian law. Various international actors, including the US, EU, UK, Italy, France, Spain and Ireland, condemned the attack, calling for accountability and the protection of peacekeepers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/world-reacts-to-alleged-israeli-attack-on-un-peacekeepers-in-lebanon|title=World reacts to alleged Israeli attack on UN peacekeepers in Lebanon|date=2024-10-10|access-date=2024-10-11|publisher=Al-Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel-Lebanon live updates: Eyewitness describes 'roar then explosion' as Israeli strikes hit central Beirut |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/cn0ew4egegpt |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In late 2025, UNIFIL had to increase their number of complaints against the IDF.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2025-11-16 |title=UN peacekeepers shot at by IDF in Lebanon, says UNIFIL |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2025/1116/1544267-unifil-israel-lebanon/ |journal=[[Raidió Teilifís Éireann]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |date=2025-11-16 |title=UNIFIL says forces came under Israeli fire in southern Lebanon |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/unifil-says-forces-came-under-israeli-fire-in-southern-lebanon/ |access-date=2025-11-16 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |issn=0040-7909}}</ref>

=== Militias ===
[[Battle of Kaukaba|A battle]] took place on May 9, 1978, in the town of Kaukaba when [[Palestine Liberation Organization|PLO]] soldiers attacked Norwegian [[Peacekeeping force|peacekeepers]]. The battle took place about six weeks after the first Norwegian troops arrived in [[Lebanon]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Slaget i Kaoukaba |url=https://norvetnet.no/dok/artikkel223.asp |access-date=2019-09-08 |website=norvetnet.no |archive-date=27 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127205552/https://norvetnet.no/dok/artikkel223.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Farlig Fred - Del 14 av 28 - Ilden besvares |url=https://norvetnet.no/dok/artikkel104.asp |access-date=2019-09-08 |website=norvetnet.no |archive-date=12 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212003415/https://norvetnet.no/dok/artikkel104.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> The skirmish is regarded as one of the hardest battles fought by Norwegian soldiers in the [[UNIFIL]] force, and the PLO soldiers got as close as 30 meters. Throughout the skirmish, the Norwegians fired about 200 machine gun shots, 50 shots from automatic weapons and two [[Carl Gustaf 8.4cm recoilless rifle|Carl Gustav RFK]] grenades. The PLO fired about ten times more shots from hand weapons, as well as eight gun grenades. Eventually the PLO gave up, and pledged not to fire at the Norwegians again. One Norwegian suffered light injuries during the attack. Official PLO casualties were one dead and one wounded. The Norwegian soldiers believed the real number of Palestinians dead to be closer to eight.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":02" />

On 6 April 1980, clashes between UNIFIL peacekeepers and the [[South Lebanon Army]], an Israeli-backed Lebanese militia, began when the SLA [[At Tiri incident#Background|attacked Irish troops based in At Tiri]]. The Irish soldiers held their ground and called in Dutch and Fijian peacekeepers as reinforcements. The battle ended on 12 April when the Dutch contingent employed [[BGM-71 TOW|TOW missiles]] against the SLA. During the battle, two UNIFIL peacekeepers were killed: Stephen Griffin, a 21-year-old Private from the 46th Irish Battalion, from Rahoon in [[County Galway]], and Sevati Sovonaivalu of the [[Republic of Fiji Military Forces|Fijian Army]]. One SLA soldier, 19-year old Massoud Bazzi, was also killed.<ref>{{cite book |author=Robert Fisk |title=Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=0192801309}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Ishizuka, Katsumi |title=Ireland and International Peacekeeping Operations 1960-2000 |date=2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=9780714655048}}</ref>

On 18 April 1980, two Irish soldiers were killed in the area. In December 2020, a Lebanese military court found ex-militia member Mahmoud Bazzi, brother of Massoud, guilty of the murders of Private Thomas Barrett and Private Derek Smallhorne in April 1980. The court sentenced Bazzi to life in prison. It immediately reduced this sentence to 15 years on the basis of him being aged 76 at the time of conviction.<ref>{{cite web |author=The Irish Times |date=21 Dec 2020 |title=Ex-militiaman convicted of murdering two Irish peacekeepers in 1980 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/ex-militiaman-convicted-of-murdering-two-irish-peacekeepers-in-1980-1.4443342 |publisher=The Irish Times}}</ref>

On 24 June 2007, six UNIFIL soldiers, three [[Colombia]]ns and three Spanish, were killed after their vehicle was hit by an explosive device. Two others, both Spanish, were injured in the incident.<ref>{{cite web |title=Terrorists Kill UNIFIL Soldiers |url=http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/michael-j-totten/terrorists-kill-unifil-soldiers |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216134523/http://worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/michael-j-totten/terrorists-kill-unifil-soldiers |archive-date=16 December 2015}}</ref><ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6235224.stm Lebanon blast kills UN soldiers] [http://news.bbc.co.uk BBC], 24 June 2007</ref> No group has yet admitted responsibility, although the Israeli military believed the attack was perpetrated by members of [[al-Qaeda]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Katz |first=Yaakov |date=25 June 2007 |title=Al-Qaida suspected in attack that killed 5 UNIFIL troops |url=https://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1182409630495&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708074047/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1182409630495&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |archive-date=8 July 2012 |access-date=23 February 2012 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref>

== Casualties ==
===Fatalities===
[[File:Entrance to destroyed UN base.jpg|thumb|The entrance to the UN base where four UN peacekeepers were killed during the 2006 conflict]]
[[File:Memorial in Newbridge.jpg|thumb|[[Lebanon cedar]] planted in [[Newbridge, County Kildare]], Ireland to commemorate Irish soldiers who died on UN service.]]
As of 31 July 2024, UNIFIL has had 326 fatalities since 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unifil.unmissions.org/faqs|title=FAQs|date=6 September 2019|website=United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon|access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref> They include the following nationalities:<ref>{{cite web | url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/fatalities | title=Fatalities }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
! Country
! Death Total
|-
| {{BGD}}
| 1
|-
| {{BEL}}
| 4
|-
|{{Country|Canada}} 
|1
|-
|{{CHN}}
|1
|-
| {{DNK}}
| 1
|-
| {{SLV}}
| 1
|-
| {{FJI}}
| 36
|-
| {{FIN}}
| 11
|-
| {{FRA}}
| 40
|-
| {{GHA}}
| 39
|-
| {{IND}}
| 6
|-
| {{IDN}}
| 3
|-
| {{flag|Iran}}
| 1
|-
| {{IRL}}
| 48
|-
| {{ITA}}
| 7
|-
| {{LBN}}
| 11
|-
| {{MYS}}
| 4
|-
| {{NEP}}
| 31
|-
| {{NLD}}
| 9
|-
| {{NGA}}
| 10
|-
| {{NOR}}
| 21
|-
| {{PHI}}
| 1
|-
| {{POL}}
| 8
|-
| {{SEN}}
| 16
|-
| {{ESP}}
| 16
|-
| {{LKA}}
| 1
|-
| {{SWE}}
| 7
|-
| {{TUR}}
| 1
|-
| {{UK}}
| 4
|}
[[File:UNIFIL-casualities-memorial-TyreSourLebanon July2019 RomanDeckert.jpg|thumb|[[File:UNIFIL-casualities-memorial-name-list-TyreSourLebanon 2019 RomanDeckert.jpg|thumb|alt=|Unfinished memorial for UNIFIL casualties in Tyre, 2019]]|alt=]]
{|
! style="width:150px;"| Date || Incident
|- valign="top"
|29 March 1978: ||A Swedish soldier, Karl-Oscar Johansson was killed and another, Marc Lindoberg, was injured when their vehicle hit a landmine in the vicinity of the Khardala Bridge.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Sjöstrand, Carl |author1=Edvardsson, A. |author2=Grahn, O. |author3=Görsjö, A. |author4=Larsson, R. |author5=Sjöstrand, C. |author6=Smedberg, M. |author7=Öberg, K. |title=Utlandsstyrkan i fredens tjänst : försvarsmaktens internationella insatser |year=2006 |publisher=Arena AB |isbn=91-7843-225-1 |chapter=Avlidna i utlandsstyrkans tjänst |page=45 |language=sv}}</ref> Johansson was UNIFIL's first fatality.
|- valign="top"
|1979: ||Three Fijian soldiers shot in ambush by [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|PFLP]].<ref name="David Hirst 2010">[[David Hirst (journalist)|Hirst, David]] (2010) ''Beware of Small States. Lebanon, battleground of the Middle East.'' Faber and Faber. {{ISBN|978-0-571-23741-8}} p.127</ref>
|- valign="top
|16 March 1981: ||Three Nigerian soldiers killed in bombardment by [[South Lebanon Army|SLA]] artillery.<ref>[[Middle East International]] No 147, 10 April 1981, Publishers [[Christopher Mayhew|Lord Mayhew]], [[Dennis Walters|Dennis Walters MP]]: Editorial p.1; No 146, 27 March 1981: David Lennon p.3</ref>
|- valign="top
|25 June 1981: ||Two Fijian soldiers were killed and one wounded by PLO gunmen. They had been among the nine Fijian soldiers captured by the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|PFLP]] in an ambush. Three of them where tortured and ‘executed’ one by one by being shot in the head. One survived.<ref name="David Hirst 2010"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Two Fijian Men in Unifil Killed by PLO Terrorists |date=26 June 1981 |url=https://www.jta.org/1981/06/26/archive/two-fijian-men-in-unifil-killed-by-plo-terrorists |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926180024/https://www.jta.org/1981/06/26/archive/two-fijian-men-in-unifil-killed-by-plo-terrorists |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=24 March 2020}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|27 October 1982: ||An Irish soldier, Private Michael McAleavey, opened fire and killed three other Irish soldiers. He originally claimed they had been killed by Lebanese gunmen, but later admitted the killings, saying he had "snapped" due to [[dehydration]] and [[heat exhaustion]]. He received a life sentence at [[court martial]], being paroled in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0318/128916-mcaleavym/|title=Michael McAleavy released after 27 years|website=[[RTÉ.ie]]|date=18 March 2010|access-date=28 August 2017}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|22 August 1986: ||An Irish soldier was killed and two others wounded by a roadside bomb. Two heavily armed men with bomb-making equipment were subsequently caught by a UNIFIL patrol and handed over to Lebanese police.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/22/world/irish-soldier-is-killed-in-lebannon.html|title=Irish Soldier Is Killed in Lebannon|first1=Ihsan A.|last1=Hijazi|first2=Special To the New York|last2=Times|newspaper=The New York Times|date=22 August 1986}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|28 September 1986: ||Three French soldiers were killed by a roadside bomb while jogging. UN officials attributed the attack to Shiite fundamentalists, particularly Hezbollah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/05/world/3-french-soldiers-killed-in-lebanon.html|title=3 French Soldiers Killed in Lebanon|first1=Ihsan A.|last1=Hijazi|first2=Special To the New York|last2=Times|newspaper=The New York Times|date=5 September 1986}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|20 November 1986: ||Three Fijian soldiers and three Lebanese were killed in a suicide car bombing, and three UNIFIL soldiers, two Lebanese civilians, and an SLA soldier were injured. The car, with two occupants inside, had run through a UNIFIL roadblock, apparently aiming for the Israeli border, but after being fired at as it approached an SLA roadblock, it returned to the UNIFIL roadblock, and exploded as Fijian and SLA soldiers approached.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1986/11/21/archive/3-unifil-soldiers-and-3-lebanese-killed-by-a-booby-trapped-car|title=3 Unifil Soldiers and 3 Lebanese Killed by a Booby-trapped Car|date=21 November 1986}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|11 January 1987: ||An Irish soldier, Corporal Dermot McLoughlin, was killed when an Israeli tank shelled an Irish UNIFIL position. The Israelis had opened fire after spotting a large squad of guerrillas near the position. Two senior Israeli officers were later disciplined over the incident.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1987/01/23/archive/2-senior-idf-officers-disciplined-in-connection-with-the-death-of-a-unifil-soldier|title=2 Senior IDF Officers Disciplined in Connection with the Death of a Unifil Soldier|date=23 January 1987}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-01-12-mn-3102-story.html|title=Irish Soldier With U.N. Killed by Israeli Tank Fire in South Lebanon|date=12 January 1987|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|24 February 1989: ||An Irish soldier was shot dead by SLA in [[Haddatha]].<ref>Middle East International No 347, 31 March 1989; John Keane p.12</ref><ref>Middle East International No 345, 3 March 1989; Fourteen days in brief p.17. "in cold blood".</ref>
|- valign="top"
|21 March 1989: ||Three Irish soldiers were killed by a landmine on the road to their outpost near [[Baraachit]]. Officers on the ground are reported as believing that the [[South Lebanon Army|SLA]] were responsible and that UNIFIL were being deliberately targeted.<ref>Middle East International No 347, 31 March 1989; John Keane pp.15,16</ref>
|- valign="top"
|19 February 1990: ||Two Nepali soldiers were killed and six injured by SLA mortar fire that hit their compound. The SLA and IDF claimed that the fire had come in response to Hezbollah RPG and mortar fire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1990/02/21/archive/israel-and-unifil-in-conflict-over-soldiers-killed-by-sla|title=Israel and Unifil in Conflict over Soldiers Killed by Sla|date=21 February 1990}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|3 September 1991: ||A Swedish soldier, Kenneth Fransson was killed when he was caught in the middle of a shootout between Palestinians and [[South Lebanon Army|SLA]] soldiers in [[Naqoura]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pressreader.com/sweden/aftonbladet/20160308/281986081651524 |newspaper=[[Aftonbladet]] |title=Björn Eggeblad fick benet avskjutet i gisslandramat i Libanon |trans-title=Björn Eggeblad got his leg shot off in the hostage situation in Lebanon |date=8 March 2016 |access-date=28 April 2017 |language=sv}} {{cite web |url=http://www.forsvarsmakten.se/siteassets/5-information-och-fakta/historia/avlidna-utlandsstyrkan-20101019.pdf |publisher=[[Swedish Armed Forces]] |title=Avlidna utlandsstyrkan |page=2 |access-date=28 April 2017 |language=sv}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|15 September 1991: || A Swedish soldier was killed and five Swedish and French soldiers were wounded when Palestinian gunmen intending to carry out an attack on the Israeli city of [[Nahariya]] en route to their target by boat mistakenly landed in Naqoura and confronted UNIFIL troops. One of the gunmen was also killed, another injured, and four captured. In a separate incident, two gunmen ambushed a Nepali UNIFIL patrol near [[Yater]], just north of the security zone, killing one soldier and wounding another. One of the gunmen was killed by return fire while the other escaped.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1991/09/16/archive/two-unifil-soldiers-killed-in-two-encounters-in-lebanon|title=Two Unifil Soldiers Killed in Two Encounters in Lebanon|date=16 September 1991}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|23 February 1993: ||A Nepali soldier was killed and another seriously wounded after being caught in an exchange of fire between Hezbollah and the SLA in the vicinity of their post. The UN claimed that they had been killed by SLA shelling, while a senior IDF officer said it was uncertain who was at fault.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1993/02/24/archive/unifil-soldier-killed-in-lebanon-during-sla-clash-with-hezbollah|title=Unifil Soldier Killed in Lebanon During Sla Clash with Hezbollah|date=24 February 1993}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|27 December 1993: ||A Norwegian soldier, Private Gorm Bjørnar Hagen, was killed and another, Lieutenant Øyvind Berg, was wounded when an Israeli tank patrol engaged in a nighttime search for guerrillas mistook a Norwegian UNIFIL unit for enemy fighters and fired three tank shells at them. The Israeli unit subsequently assisted the Norwegian unit and called in a helicopter to airlift the injured soldier to an Israeli hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1993/12/28/archive/norway-unifil-protest-killing-of-norwegian-officer-by-israelis|title=Norway, Unifil Protest Killing of Norwegian Officer by Israelis|date=28 December 1993}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1993/12/27/Israeli-troops-accidentally-kill-UN-soldier-in-Lebanon/6549756968400/|title=Israeli troops accidentally kill U.N. soldier in Lebanon|work=United Press International}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Strømmen|first=Wegger|title=I kamp for fred : UNIFIL i Libanon - Norge i UNIFIL : 1978-1998|page=170|location=Oslo|publisher=Gazette bok|year=2005|isbn=978-82-91149-202|language=nb|url=https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2011071505576}}</ref>
|- valign="top" 
|20 March 1995: ||A Nepali soldier was killed and three others wounded by Israeli shelling near [[Yater]].
|- valign="top" 
|18 April 1996: ||4 Fijian soldiers were wounded when the headquarters compound of the Fijian battalion of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon in the village of [[Qana]] came under fire by Israeli artillery, at the time where more than 800 Lebanese had sought refuge inside the compound in which an estimated 100 persons were killed and a larger number wounded. this incident is known as [[Qana massacre]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=S/1996/337 of 7 May 1996|url=http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/62d5aa740c14293b85256324005179be?OpenDocument|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520003524/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/62d5aa740c14293b85256324005179be?OpenDocument|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-05-20|date=2007-05-20|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref>
|-valign="top"
|31 May 1999: ||An Irish soldier, Pte. William Kedian was killed in an exchange of fire between Hezbollah and the SLA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/1999/0601/lebanon.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025103005/http://www.rte.ie/news/1999/0601/lebanon.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-10-25|title=Israeli Ambassador expresses sorrow at death of Irish soldier – RTÉ News|website=[[RTÉ.ie]]|date=2012-10-25|access-date=2017-02-07}}</ref>
|- valign="top" 
|9 January 2005: ||A French officer was killed and a Swedish officer and a Lebanese civilian were wounded by Israeli shelling that was in retaliation to a Hezbollah attack that killed an Israeli soldier. A Hezbollah fighter was also killed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2005/01/11/2003218929|title=French officer killed in Lebanon – Taipei Times|date=11 January 2005|website=taipeitimes.com}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|25 July 2006: ||Four UN observers, one each from Canada, Finland, Austria, and China, were killed in an Israeli airstrike that hit their position in Khiam during the [[2006 Lebanon War]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unifil/index.shtml |title=United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) |publisher=United Nations |date=6 August 2009 |access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|25 September 2006:||A French engineer officer was killed in a road accident near the town of Sofar.
|- valign="top"
|9 March 2007:||Three Belgian soldiers were killed in an armoured vehicle accident.
|- valign="top"
|24 June 2007: ||Three Colombian and three Spanish soldiers were killed in a bomb blast between Marjayoun and Khiam.
|- valign="top"
|25 July 2007: ||A French soldier was killed near the village of [[Chamaa]] while clearing unexploded munitions.
|- valign="top"
|11 October 2007: ||A British man, Craig Appleby (36) was killed while clearing munitions near Bint Jbeil.
|- valign="top"
|12 November 2007: ||Two French soldiers were wounded as a result of the accidental discharge of a weapon. One of the wounded men subsequently died while being evacuated to Hospital.
|- valign="top"
|15 June 2008: ||A Spanish soldier was killed and two injured in a road accident.
|- valign="top"
|3 September 2008:||A Belgian soldier was killed near the village of Aitaroun while clearing munitions left over from the 2006 conflict.
|- valign="top"
|27 May 2011: ||Six Italian soldiers were wounded when their [[Iveco VM 90|VM-90]] military truck was destroyed by a roadside bomb near Sidon.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anhourago.us/show.aspx?l=8520654&d=503 |title=Italian soldiers in U.N. force, civilians hurt in Lebanon blast |publisher=Anhourago.us |date=27 May 2011 |access-date=23 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904022200/http://www.anhourago.us/show.aspx?l=8520654&d=503 |archive-date=4 September 2011}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|4 August 2020: ||[[Bangladesh Navy]] corvette {{BNS|Bijoy}} was anchored in the [[Port of Beirut]] during the [[2020 Beirut explosion]]. The ship received moderate damage and 21 crew members were injured in the blast.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bhuiyan |first=Humayun Kabir |title=Beirut blast: Two Bangladeshis die, 21 Bangladesh Navy crew injured |date=5 August 2020 |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/military-affairs/2020/08/05/bangladesh-navy-crew-injured-in-beirut-blast |website=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=5 August 2020}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|14 December 2022: ||An Irish soldier, Pte. Seán Rooney (23) was killed, and three wounded when their convoy of two armoured vehicles was surrounded by a mob and fired on while en route to Beirut.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czq340d3yx9o |title=Irish soldier Pte Seán Rooney killed in Lebanon attack|publisher=BBC|date= 15 December 2022 |access-date= 15 December 2022}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|15 October 2023: ||UNIFIL mentioned that its headquarters in Naqoura, was hit by a rocket during the [[2023 Israel–Lebanon border clashes]] with no injuries reported.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/israel-palestinians-lebanon/peacekeeping-force-unifil-says-headquarters-in-south-lebanon-hit-by-a-rocket-idINC6N37M01C |title=Peacekeeping force UNIFIL says headquarters in south Lebanon hit by a rocket |publisher=Reuters |date=15 October 2023 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|28 October 2023: ||UNIFIL reported that a shell landed in its headquarters, the second such incident since the border clashes began.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wionews.com/world/un-peacekeeping-mission-hq-in-south-lebanon-hit-by-shell-2nd-such-incident-since-israel-hamas-war-652438 |title=UN peacekeeping mission HQ in south Lebanon hit by shell; 2nd such incident since Israel-Hamas war |publisher=WION |date=28 October 2023 }}</ref> Later that day, a UNIFIL peacekeeper was injured after two mortar shells hit their base near [[Hula, Lebanon|Houla]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/unifil-says-peacekeeper-injured-lebanese-israeli-border-2023-10-29/ |title=UNIFIL says peacekeeper injured on Lebanese-Israeli border |publisher=Reuters |date=28 October 2023 }}</ref> 
|-
|30 March 2024:
|UNIFIL reported three observers from the [[United Nations Truce Supervision Organization|UN Truce Supervision Organization]] and a Lebanese translator were wounded when a shell exploded near them while they were patrolling the southern Lebanese border with Israel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/03/1148131 |title=UN launches investigation into Lebanon explosion that injured peacekeepers |last= |first= |date=30 March 2024 |website=news.un.org |publisher=[[UN News]] |access-date=31 March 2024 |quote=}}
</ref> Israel denied reports that it was responsible for the attack.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel denies attacking UN observers in Lebanon – DW – 03/30/2024 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/israel-denies-attacking-un-observers-in-lebanon/a-68703319 |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2 September 2024:
|Two people, including an independent contractor working for UNIFIL, were killed during an Israeli airstrike against a vehicle on the [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]]-[[Naqoura]] road in Lebanon.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-israel-unifil-hezbollah-strike-91df3e7eef71b29e0ae6753361a7cd10 |title=UN contract worker killed in Israeli strike over southern Lebanon |publisher=AP News |date=2 September 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|15 November 2024:
|One French soldier has been killed and three people were injured in road incident near the village of Shama<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/unifil-mourns-peacekeeper-killed-in-road-accident-in-southern-lebanon/3395206 |title = UNIFIL mourns peacekeeper killed in road accident in southern Lebanon |publisher = aa.com.tr |date = 16 November 2024 }}</ref>
|}

=== Injuries ===

==== Compensation for tortious injury ====
A [[verdict]] of [[Trondheim District Court]] in 2006 resulted in the Norwegian government being ordered to pay 1.216 million [[Norwegian kroner|kroner]] as compensation for [[tort|tortious injury]] that [[Knut Braa]] acquired as a UNIFIL soldier.<ref>{{cite web |author=Catalina Musinoi, Anniken Hjertholm Og Ingrid Brissach |url=http://www.adressa.no/nyheter/trondheim/article739002.ece |title=FN-veteran får million-erstatning |date=18 October 2006 |language=no |publisher=adressa.no |access-date=23 February 2012 |archive-date=1 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061201132457/http://www.adressa.no/nyheter/trondheim/article739002.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Leadership ==
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2022}}

=== Commanders of the force ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Start Date
! End Date
! Name
! Country
|-
| March 1978
| February 1981
| [[Emmanuel Erskine|Emmanuel A. Erskine]]
| {{flag|Ghana}}
|-
| February 1981
| May 1986
| [[William O'Callaghan (Irish Army officer)|William O'Callaghan]]
| {{flag|Ireland}}
|-
| June 1986
| June 1988
| [[Gustav Hägglund]]
| {{flag|Finland}}
|-
| July 1988
| February 1993
| [[Lars-Eric Wahlgren]]
| {{flag|Sweden}}
|-
| February 1993
| February 1995
| [[Trond Furuhovde]]
| {{flag|Norway}}
|-
| April 1995
| 1 October 1997
| [[Stanisław Woźniak]]
| {{flag|Poland}}
|-
| February 1997
| September 1999
| [[George Konrote|Jioje Konousi Koronte]]
| {{flag|Fiji}}
|-
| 30 September 1999
| 1 December 1999
| [[James Sreenan]]
| {{flag|Ireland}}
|-
| 16 November 1999
| 15 May 2001
| [[Seth Obeng|Seth Kofi Obeng]]
| {{flag|Ghana}}
|-
| 15 May 2001
| 17 August 2001
| [[Ganesan Athmanathan]]
| {{flag|India}}
|-
| 17 August 2001
| 17 February 2004
| [[Lalit Mohan Tewari]]
| {{flag|India}}
|-
| 17 February 2004
| 2 February 2007
| [[Alain Pellegrini]]
| {{flag|France}}
|-
| 2 February 2007
| 28 January 2010
| [[Claudio Graziano]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1503 |title=Mission Leadership |publisher=Unifil.unmissions.org |access-date=5 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306025526/http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1503 |archive-date=6 March 2010}}</ref>
| {{flag|Italy}}
|-
| 28 January 2010
| 28 January 2012
| [[Alberto Asarta Cuevas]]
| {{flag|Spain}}
|-
| 28 January 2012
| 24 July 2014
| [[Paolo Serra]]<ref name="Tg1.rai.it">{{cite web|url=http://www.tg1.rai.it/dl/tg1/2010/articoli/ContentItem-d0c2ffaf-b8aa-4ff2-8219-1647957f156a.html |title=Al generale Serra il comando dell'Unifil |publisher=Tg1.rai.it |access-date=23 February 2012}}</ref>
| {{flag|Italy}}
|-
| 24 July 2014
| 24 July 2016
| [[Luciano Portolano]]<ref name="Tg1.rai.it"/>
| {{flag|Italy}}
|-
| 24 July 2016
| 7 August 2018
| [[Michael Beary]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Secretary-General Appoints Major General Michael Beary of Ireland Head of Mission, Force Commander, United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sga1662.doc.htm|publisher=United Nations|access-date=28 May 2016}}</ref>
| {{flag|Ireland}}
|-
| 7 August 2018
| 28 February 2022
| [[Stefano Del Col]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Maj. General Stefano Del Col of Italy – Head of Mission and Force Commander of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)|work=United Nations Secretary-General |date=12 July 2018 |url=https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/personnel-appointments/2018-07-12/maj-general-stefano-del-col-italy-head-mission-and|publisher=United Nations|access-date=12 July 2018}}</ref>
|{{Flag|Italy}}
|-
| 28 February 2022
| Present
| [[Aroldo Lázaro Sáenz]]<ref>{{cite web|title=MAJOR GENERAL AROLDO LÁZARO TAKES UP DUTIES AS UNIFIL HEAD OF MISSION AND FORCE COMMANDER|work=UNIFIL |date=28 February 2022 |url=https://unifil.unmissions.org/major-general-aroldo-l%C3%A1zaro-takes-duties-unifil-head-mission-and-force-commander|publisher=United Nations|access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref>
|{{Flag|Spain}}
|}

=== Deputy Commanders of the Force ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Start Date
! End Date
! Name
! Country
|-
| 2 December 2022
| Present
| Maj Gen Chok Bahadur Dhakal
| {{flag|Nepal}}
|-
|}

=== Commanders of the Maritime Task Force ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Start Date
! End Date
! Name
! Country
|-
| September 2006
| 16 October 2006
| [[Giuseppe De Giorgi]]
| {{flag|Italy}}
|-
| 16 October 2006
| March 2007
| [[Andreas Krause (admiral)|Andreas Krause]]
| {{flag|Germany}}
|-
| March 2007
| September 2007
| [[Karl-Wilhelm Bollow]]
| {{flag|Germany}}
|-
| September 2007
| February 2008
| Christian Luther
| {{flag|Germany}}
|-
| February 2008
| August 2008<ref name="UNIFIL2">{{cite web |url=http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1523 |title=Maritime Task Force |publisher=Unifil.unmissions.org |access-date=5 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144601/http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1523 |archive-date=28 July 2011}}</ref>
| [[Ruggiero di Biase]]
| {{flag|Italy}}
|-
| September 2008
| February 2009
| [[Jean-Louis Kerignard]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1511&ctl=Details&mid=1609&ItemID=2524 |title=Press Releases |publisher=Unifil.unmissions.org |access-date=5 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144631/http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1511&ctl=Details&mid=1609&ItemID=2524 |archive-date=28 July 2011}}</ref>
| {{flag|France}}
|-
| March 2009
| May 2009
| [[Jean-Thierry Pynoo]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1511&ctl=Details&mid=1609&ItemID=4044 |title=Press Releases |publisher=Unifil.unmissions.org |access-date=5 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728145041/http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1511&ctl=Details&mid=1609&ItemID=4044 |archive-date=28 July 2011}}</ref>
| {{flag|Belgium}}
|-
| August 2009
| August 2009
| [[Ruggiero Di Biase]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1511&ctl=Details&mid=1609&ItemID=5649 |title=Press Releases |publisher=Unifil.unmissions.org |access-date=5 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728145256/http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1511&ctl=Details&mid=1609&ItemID=5649 |archive-date=28 July 2011}}</ref>
| {{flag|Italy}}
|-
| September 2009
| November 2009
| [[Jürgen Mannhardt]]<ref name="unifil.unmissions.org">{{cite web|url=http://unifil.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1511&ctl=Details&mid=1609&ItemID=6572 |title=Press Releases |publisher=Unifil.unmissions.org |access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref>
| {{flag|Germany}}
|-
| December 2009
| February 2011
| [[Paolo Sandalli]]<ref name="unifil.unmissions.org"/>
| {{flag|Italy}}
|-
| February 2011
| February 2012
| [[Luiz Henrique Caroli]]
| {{flag|Brazil}}
|-
|February 2012
|February 2013
| [[Wagner Lopes de Moraes Zamith]]
| {{flag|Brazil}}
|-
|February 2013
|February 2014
| [[Joese de Andrade Bandeira Leandro]]
| {{flag|Brazil}}
|-
|February 2014
|February 2015
| [[Walter Eduardo Bombarda]]
| {{flag|Brazil}}
|-
|February 2015
|February 2016
| [[Flavio Macedo Brasil]]
| {{flag|Brazil}}
|-
|February 2016
|February 2017
| [[Claudio Henrique Mello de Almeida]]
| {{flag|Brazil}}
|-
|February 2017
|February 2018
| [[Sergio Fernando de Amaral Chaves Junior]]
| {{flag|Brazil}}
|-
|February 2018
|February 2019
| [[Eduardo Machado Vazquez]]
| {{flag|Brazil}}
|-
|February 2019
|February 2020
| [[Eduardo Augusto Wieland]]
| {{flag|Brazil}}
|-
|February 2020
|December 2020
| [[Sergio Renato Berna Salgueirinho]]
| {{flag|Brazil}}
|-
|December 2020
|Present
| [[Axel Schulz (Admiral)|Axel Schulz]]<ref>[https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/organisation/personal/personalveraenderungen-spitzenstellen-januar-2021-5012720 MoD Germany (German)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118202414/https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/organisation/personal/personalveraenderungen-spitzenstellen-januar-2021-5012720 |date=18 January 2021 }}, retrieved 23-August-2021</ref>
| {{flag|Germany}}
|}

=== Personal representatives of the Secretary-General for Southern Lebanon ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Start Date
! End Date
! Name
! Country
|-
| March 1978
| {{dunno}}
| [[Jean Cuq]]
| {{flag|France}}
|-
| 2000
| 15 January 2001
| [[Rolf Göran Knutsson]]
| {{flag|Sweden}}
|-
| 15 January 2001
| April 2005
| [[Staffan de Mistura]]
| {{flag|Italy}}
|-
| April 2005
| 2007
| [[Geir Pedersen]]
| {{flag|Norway}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[1978 South Lebanon conflict]]
* [[1982 Lebanon War]]
* [[1996 shelling of Qana]]
* [[2006 Lebanon War]]
* [[2010 Israel–Lebanon border clash]]
* [[Attacks on United Nations personnel during the 2006 Lebanon War]]
* [[January 2015 Shebaa farms incident]]
* [[Lebanese Civil War]]
* [[Multinational Force in Lebanon]]
* [[South Lebanon Army]]
* [[Apurba Kumar Bardalai]]
* [[Killing of Private Seán Rooney]]
* [[Homeland Shield Plan]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Bregman, Ahron (2002). ''Israel's Wars: A History Since 1947''. London: Routledge. {{ISBN|978-0-415-28716-6}}
* Bruns, Sebastian (2012). UNIFIL's Maritime Task Force and Germany's Contribution, in: Auftrag Auslandseinsatz. Neueste Militärgeschichte an der Schnittstelle von Geschichtswissenschaft, Politik, Öffentlichkeit und Streitkräften. Im Auftrag des Militärgeschichtlichen Forschungsamtes herausgegeben von Bernhard Chiari, Freiburg i.Br., Berlin, Wien: Rombach, 480 S. (= Neueste Militärgeschichte. Analysen und Studien, 1), 48 Euro, {{ISBN|9783-7930-9694-8}}.
* Mattelaer, Alexander (2009). {{cite web |url= http://www.egmontinstitute.be/paperegm/ep34.pdf |title= ''Europe Rediscovers Peacekeeping? Political and Military Logics in the 2006 UNIFIL Enhancement'' |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110706133944/http://www.egmontinstitute.be/paperegm/ep34.pdf |archive-date= 6 July 2011}}&nbsp;{{small|(385&nbsp;KB)}}, ''Egmont Paper 34'' [[:nl:Egmont-Koninklijk Instituut voor Internationale Betrekkingen|Egmont-Koninklijk Instituut voor Internationale Betrekkingen]]

== External links ==
{{Commons category|United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon}}
*[https://unifil.unmissions.org/ UNIFIL – UN official mandate]
* [http://www.unifil.nl/ Welcome at Unifil]
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/dpko/unifil.pdf UNIFIL Deployment Map]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090417234624/http://unifil.ie/ UNIFIL site with Pictures & Stories from Irelands Involvement with UNIFIL.]

{{Coord|33|10|N|35|23|E|source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}
{{Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Nations}}
{{United Nations}}
{{UN Peacekeeping Operations}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon}}
[[Category:Israeli–Lebanese conflict]]
[[Category:United Nations operations in the Middle East|Lebanon]]
[[Category:United Nations Security Council mandates|425]]
[[Category:20th century in Lebanon]]
[[Category:21st century in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Military operations of the Lebanese Civil War]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1978]]
[[Category:Military operations involving India]]
[[Category:Ireland and the United Nations]]
[[Category:Lebanon and the United Nations]]