View source for University of North Dakota

{{Short description|Public university in Grand Forks, North Dakota, US}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox university
 | name                   = University of North Dakota
 | image                  = UNDseal.png
 | image_upright          = .7
 | motto                  = ''Lux et Lex'' ([[Latin]])
 | mottoeng               = "Light and Law"
 | established            = {{start date and age|1883}}
 | type                   = [[Public university|Public]] [[research university]]
 | academic_affiliations  = {{hlist|[[University of the Arctic|UArctic]]|[[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|Space-grant]]}}
 | accreditation          = [[Higher Learning Commission|HLC]]
 | parent                 = [[North Dakota University System]]
 | endowment              = $422.1 million (2024)<ref>As of June 30, 2024. {{cite report |url=https://undalumni.org/news-stories/impact/address-24.html |title=A Record-Breaking Year (2024) |date=August 28, 2024 |access-date=October 24, 2024 }}</ref>
 | administrative_staff   = 2,051<ref name="aboutund">{{cite web |title=About UND |url=http://und.edu/university-relations/about-und.cfm |access-date=December 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117185944/http://und.edu/university-relations/about-und.cfm |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | faculty                = 823<ref name="aboutund"/>
 | president              = [[Andrew Armacost]]
 | provost                = Eric Link
 | students               = 15,019 (fall 2024)<ref name="studentprofile">{{cite web|title=Student Body|url=https://blogs.und.edu/und-today/2024/09/und-enrollment-tops-15000/|publisher=University of North Dakota|access-date=October 24, 2024}}</ref>
 | undergrad              = 11,033 (fall 2024)<ref name="studentprofile"/>
 | postgrad               = 3,483 (fall 2024)<ref name="studentprofile"/>
 | academic_staff         = 
 | city                   = [[Grand Forks, North Dakota]]
 | country                = United States
 | campus                 = [[College Town|Small city]]
 | campus_size            = {{convert|521|acre|km2}}
 | colors                 = UND Green and White<ref>{{cite web|url=https://campus.und.edu/brand/color.html|title=Color &#124; Brand|access-date=April 12, 2021|archive-date=March 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329232901/https://campus.und.edu/brand/color.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://und.edu/student-affairs/code-of-student-life/sealofuniversity.cfm |title=Seal of the University &#124; Code of Student Life &#124; Student Affairs &#124; UND: University of North Dakota |publisher=Und.edu |date=2012-08-01 |access-date=2015-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019031033/https://und.edu/student-affairs/code-of-student-life/sealofuniversity.cfm |archive-date=October 19, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="colors">{{cite web|title=Color Identity: University of North Dakota|url=http://und.edu/identity/color.cfm|publisher=UND Office of University Relations|date=October 11, 2015|access-date=October 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019031033/http://und.edu/identity/color.cfm|archive-date=October 19, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= 
https://campus.und.edu/brand/color.html|title= Brand - Colors|access-date= April 12, 2021|archive-date= March 29, 2021|archive-url= 
https://web.archive.org/web/20210329232901/https://campus.und.edu/brand/color.html|url-status= 
live}}</ref> <br />{{color box|#009A44}}&nbsp;{{color box|#FFF}}&nbsp;
 | sporting_affiliations  = {{hlist|[[NCAA Division I]] [[NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision|FCS]] - [[Summit League]]|[[National Collegiate Hockey Conference|NCHC]]|[[Missouri Valley Football Conference|MVFC]]}}
 | nickname               = [[North Dakota Fighting Hawks|Fighting Hawks]]
 | website                = {{url|www.und.edu}}
 | logo                   = University of North Dakota Logo.svg
 | logo_upright           = 1.1
 | free_label             = Newspaper
 | free                   = ''[[The Dakota Student]]''
 | mascot                 = The Fighting Hawk
}}

The '''University of North Dakota''' ('''UND''') is a [[Public university|public]] [[research university]] in [[Grand Forks, North Dakota]], United States. It was established by the [[Dakota Territory|Dakota Territorial Assembly]] in 1883, six years before the establishment of the state of [[North Dakota]].

The university has the only schools of law and medicine in the state of North Dakota. The [[John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences]] was the first in the country to offer a degree in unmanned aircraft systems operation.<ref name="Homeland Security News Wire">{{cite press release |url=http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/first-und-offers-degree-program-uav-piloting |title=A first: UND offers degree program in UAV piloting |access-date=February 25, 2013 |publisher=Homeland Security News Wire |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211143611/http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/first-und-offers-degree-program-uav-piloting |archive-date=February 11, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Several national research institutions are on the university's campus including the [[Energy and Environmental Research Center]], the [[University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences|School of Medicine and Health Sciences]], and the [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] Human Nutrition Research Center.<ref name="aboutund"/><ref name="usda">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=3898 |title=GFHNRC |access-date=August 25, 2007 |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830154536/http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=3898 |archive-date=August 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> It is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral universities – very high research activity".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Banish |first=Joe |date=2025-02-13 |title=BREAKING NEWS: UND named to top tier of research universities |url=https://blogs.und.edu/und-today/2025/02/breaking-news-und-named-to-top-tier-of-research-universities/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=UND Today |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:UND President's Mansion circa 1919.jpg|left|thumb|Original President's Mansion]]

===Founding===
UND was founded in 1883, six years before North Dakota became a state.<ref name="founding">{{cite web |url=http://www.und.edu/history/ |title=UND History: The Founding |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927012500/http://www.und.edu/history/ |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> UND was founded with a liberal arts foundation and expanded to include scientific research. Grand Forks native [[George H. Walsh]] submitted the bill to the Territorial Legislature of [[Dakota Territory]] that called for the new state of North Dakota's university to be in Grand Forks.<ref name="founding"/> The first classes were held on September 8, 1884. The first building at UND, Old Main, housed all classrooms, offices, dorm rooms, and a library.<ref name="old main">{{cite web |url=http://www.und.edu/history/oldmain.html |title=UND History: Old Main |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070910134931/http://www.und.edu/history/oldmain.html |archive-date=September 10, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In the 1880s, UND consisted of only a few acres of property, surrounded by farms and fields, nearly two miles west of the city of Grand Forks. Students living off campus had to take a train or a horse and carriage bus, dubbed the "Black Maria", from downtown to the campus.<ref name="old main"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.edu/history/1890.html |title=UND History: 1890 |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528020936/http://www.und.edu/history/1890.html |archive-date=May 28, 2007 }}</ref>

===20th century===
[[File:UND 1922.jpg|right|thumb|Early 20th century campus scenes]]

As the university grew, more buildings were constructed on campus and a trolley system was built to connect the growing university to [[downtown Grand Forks]]. However, there were several major interruptions in the life of the university. In 1918, UND was the country's hardest-hit single institution by the flu epidemic that killed 1,400 people in North Dakota alone.<ref name="history1910">{{cite web|url=http://www.und.edu/history/1910.html |title=UND History: 1910 |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060914173723/http://www.und.edu/history/1910.html |archive-date=September 14, 2006 }}</ref> Later that year, classes were suspended so the campus could become an army base for soldiers during World War I.<ref name="history1910"/> During the [[Great Depression]], UND provided free housing to students willing to do manual labor on campus.<ref name="history1930">{{cite web|url=http://www.und.edu/history/1930.html |title=UND History: 1930 |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060914174032/http://www.und.edu/history/1930.html |archive-date=September 14, 2006 }}</ref> "Camp Depression," as it was called, consisted of railroad [[caboose]]s that each housed eight male students.<ref name="history1930"/> "Camp Depression" students did not get regular meals from the cafeteria and had to be satisfied with free leftovers. However, Grand Forks citizens often opened their homes and kitchen tables to many of these young men.<ref name="history1930"/>

After World War II, enrollment quickly grew to more than 3,000.<ref name="history1940">{{cite web|url=http://www.und.edu/history/1940.html |title=UND History: 1940 |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060914173859/http://www.und.edu/history/1940.html |archive-date=September 14, 2006 }}</ref> A large amount of housing and several academic buildings had to be built on campus.<ref name="history1940"/> The 1950s saw the rise of the [[North Dakota Fighting Hawks men's ice hockey|Fighting Sioux hockey]] tradition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.und.edu/history/1950.html |title=UND History: 1950 |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719054512/http://www.und.edu/history/1950.html |archive-date=July 19, 2010 }}</ref> In the 1960s and 1970s, many student protests occurred at UND.<ref name="history1970">{{cite web |url=http://www.und.edu/history/1970.html |title=UND History: 1970 |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060914173700/http://www.und.edu/history/1970.html |archive-date=September 14, 2006 }}</ref> The largest was in May 1970 when over 1,500 students protested the [[Kent State shootings]].<ref name="history1970"/> In 1975, enrollment swelled to a record 8,500. The 1970s also saw the establishment of the [[John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences]] at UND. During the 1980s and 1990s the university continued to grow.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.und.edu/history/1980.html |title=UND History: 1980 |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060914173828/http://www.und.edu/history/1980.html |archive-date=September 14, 2006 }}</ref> However, the devastating [[1997 Red River flood]] inundated numerous buildings on campus and forced the cancellation of the remainder of the school year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.edu/history/1990.html |title=UND History: 1990 |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060914174133/http://www.und.edu/history/1990.html |archive-date=September 14, 2006 }}</ref>

===21st century===
The start of the 21st century was marked by the opening of two major venues for [[North Dakota Fighting Hawks|UND athletics]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.edu/history/2000.html |title=UND History: 2000 |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030022511/http://www.und.edu/history/2000.html |archive-date=October 30, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The [[Ralph Engelstad Arena]], home of men's and women's hockey, and the [[Alerus Center]], home of UND football, both opened in 2001. The [[Betty Engelstad Sioux Center]] opened in August 2004, and serves as home to UND volleyball and men's and women's basketball.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.undsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=13500&ATCLID=736161 |title=Betty Engelstad Sioux Center |access-date=December 14, 2012 |publisher=University of North Dakota |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924212018/http://www.undsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=13500&ATCLID=736161 |archive-date=September 24, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Millions of dollars' worth of construction and renovation projects have dotted the campus landscape. As part of a plan to improve student facilities on campus, UND constructed a Wellness Center, a parking garage, new Memorial Union, renovated library, renovated Gershman Center for graduate students, and an apartment-style housing complex. Other construction projects around campus have included a new LEED Platinum-certified alumni center, a renovated and expanded College of Education and Human Development, and an expanded [[Energy and Environmental Research Center]]. In 2016, a $124-million Medicine and Health Services building was built on the north end of campus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.med.und.edu/construction/ |title=Construction &#124; School of Medicine & Health Sciences &#124; UND: University of North Dakota |publisher=Med.und.edu |access-date=2014-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718083649/http://www.med.und.edu/construction/ |archive-date=July 18, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In 2015, UND's economic impact on the state and region was estimated to be more than $1.4 billion a year according to the NDUS Systemwide Economic Study by the School of Economics at North Dakota State University.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Coon|first1=Randall|last2=Bangsund|first2=Dean|last3=Hodur|first3=Nancy|title=North Dakota State University Agribusiness and Applied Economics Report 729: Economic Impact of the North Dakota University System in 2013|date=October 1, 2014|publisher=North Dakota University System|location=Fargo, North Dakota|pages=59–61|url=http://ndus.edu/uploads/reports/129/economic-impact-of-ndus-report-2013-final.pdf|access-date=December 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420222053/http://www.ndus.edu/uploads/reports/129/economic-impact-of-ndus-report-2013-final.pdf|archive-date=April 20, 2015|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://und.edu/discover/economic-impact.cfm |title=Economic Impact |access-date=January 18, 2015 |publisher=University of North Dakota |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118194024/http://und.edu/discover/economic-impact.cfm |archive-date=January 18, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> It was the fourth-largest employer in the state of North Dakota, after the [[United States Air Force|Air Force]].<ref>{{cite web|title=LARGEST EMPLOYERS IN NORTH DAKOTA|url=https://www.ndworkforceintelligence.com/gsipub/index.asp?docid=362|website=State of North Dakota Job Service|publisher=State of North Dakota|access-date= December 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324163912/https://www.ndworkforceintelligence.com/gsipub/index.asp?docid=362|archive-date=March 24, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2021, UND became the first participant in the [[United States Space Force]]'s University Partnership program.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.valleynewslive.com/2021/08/09/und-becomes-first-participant-space-forces-university-partnership-program/|title=UND becomes first participant in the Space Force's University Partnership program|date=August 9, 2021 |access-date=August 10, 2021|archive-date=August 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810180015/https://www.valleynewslive.com/2021/08/09/und-becomes-first-participant-space-forces-university-partnership-program/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Campus==
[[File:UND Merrifield Hall.JPG|thumb|Merrifield Hall, [[University of North Dakota Historic District]]]]

The University of North Dakota's main campus sits in the middle of [[Grand Forks, North Dakota|Grand Forks]] on University Avenue. The campus is made up of 240 buildings (6.4 million square feet) on {{convert|521|acre|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2023 |title=University of North Dakota |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-north-dakota-3005#:~:text=University%20of%20North%20Dakota%20is,a%20semester%2Dbased%20academic%20calendar. |access-date=1 December 2023 |website=USNEWS.com}}</ref><ref name="aboutund"/> The campus stretches roughly one and half miles from east to west and is divided by the meandering English Coulee. The western edge is bordered by [[Interstate 29]], the eastern edge is bordered with University Park, the Grand Forks railyards sit on the south side, and the north side is marked by [[U.S. Route 2|U.S. Highway 2]] which is called Gateway Drive in Grand Forks.

At the heart of campus sits the [[Chester Fritz Library]], the largest library in North Dakota.<ref name="landmarks">{{cite web |title=Campus Landmarks |url=http://www.und.edu/aboutund/landmarks.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824081220/http://www.und.edu/aboutund/landmarks.html |archive-date=August 24, 2007 |access-date=August 27, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |df=mdy-all}}</ref> There are also northern and western campuses. The western part of the UND campus has modern styles of architecture.<ref name="landmarks" /> The Gorecki Alumni Center on campus is North Dakota's first [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED]] Platinum building. A combination of geothermal and solar panels are used to power the building.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livable Buildings 2021 Gorecki Alumni Center |url=https://cbe.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Livable-Buildings-2021-Gorecki-Alumni-Center.pdf#:~:text=The%20University%20of%20North%20Dakota%20%28UND%29%20Gorecki%20Alumni,used%20as%20a%20constant%20teaching%20tool%20for%20sustainability |access-date=February 17, 2024 |website=cbe.berkeley.edu}}</ref>

==Academics==
{{multiple image
 | direction = vertical
 | total_width = 230
 | image1 = UND Law School.jpg
 | caption1 = School of Law
 | image2 = University of North Dakota School of Medicine.jpg
 | caption2 = School of Medicine & Health Sciences
}}
{{Infobox US university ranking
| ARWU_N = 
| Forbes = 234
| USNWR_NU = 244
| THE_WSJ = 401–500
| Wamo_NU = 207
| ARWU_W = 
| QS_W = 
| THES_W = 
| USNWR_W = 1369
}}

UND offers more than 225 fields of study, including 108 undergraduate majors, 69 minors, 81 master's programs, 37 doctoral programs, and two professional programs ([[University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences|medicine]] and [[University of North Dakota School of Law|law]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://und.edu/programs/ |title=Program Finder |access-date=April 20, 2021 |publisher=UND |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420155235/https://und.edu/programs/ |url-status=live}}</ref> UND also has an interdisciplinary program that allows students to obtain a degree in virtually any course of study.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.edu/dept/ids/ |title=IDS |access-date=August 31, 2007 |publisher=UND: Interdisciplinary Studies Program |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017120217/http://und.edu/dept/ids/ |archive-date=October 17, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> A collection of online classes and degree programs are offered for students around the nation and world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conted.und.edu/correspondence/degrees.html |title=Degrees Offered |access-date=August 31, 2007 |publisher=UND: Division of Continuing Education |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825011211/http://www.conted.und.edu/correspondence/degrees.html |archive-date=August 25, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> This online program has been highly ranked by US News and other leading online college rankings.<ref>{{cite web|title=UND one of 12 top nonprofits|url=http://undnews.areavoices.com/2012/03/19/und-one-of-top-12-nonprofit-online-schools-in-the-nation/|access-date=26 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103095923/http://undnews.areavoices.com/2012/03/19/und-one-of-top-12-nonprofit-online-schools-in-the-nation/|archive-date=January 3, 2014|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. News & World Report, others: UND Online programs move to the head of the class|url=http://undnews.areavoices.com/2012/01/27/u-s-news-world-report-others-und-online-programs-move-to-head-of-the-class/|access-date=26 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103095446/http://undnews.areavoices.com/2012/01/27/u-s-news-world-report-others-und-online-programs-move-to-head-of-the-class/|archive-date=January 3, 2014|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2014 Most Affordable U.S. Online College Rankings|url=http://www.onlineu.org/college-rankings/most-affordable|access-date=2 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103112821/http://www.onlineu.org/college-rankings/most-affordable|archive-date=January 3, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> On campus, academic classrooms range from smaller rooms capable of seating around 20 students to large lecture bowls capable of seating hundreds at a time. All areas have wireless access for laptops and technologically equipped classrooms enable professors to offer interactive lectures. [[Sanford Health]], [[Altru Health System]] and [[Essentia Health]] partnered with the University of North Dakota to further medical education and simulations in a fleet of 4 trucks for [[North Dakota]], allowing continued medical education all across the state.

The university has ten academic divisions:
*[[John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences]]
*[[University of North Dakota College of Arts and Sciences|College of Arts & Sciences]]
*[[UND College of Business and Public Administration|Nistler College of Business & Public Administration]]
*College of Education & Human Development
*College of Engineering & Mines
*School of Graduate Studies
*[[University of North Dakota School of Law|School of Law]]
*[[University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences|School of Medicine & Health Sciences]]
*College of Nursing & Professional Disciplines

===Libraries===
[[File:Chester Fritz Library summer.jpg|thumb|[[Chester Fritz Library]]]]

UND has three major libraries which, together, form the largest system of research libraries in the state of North Dakota.<ref name="aboutlibrary">{{cite web |url=http://www.library.und.edu/about/libdes.jsp |title=Library Description |access-date=August 31, 2007 |publisher=Chester Fritz Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712195618/http://www.library.und.edu/about/libdes.jsp |archive-date=July 12, 2007}}</ref> The [[Chester Fritz Library]] is the largest library in the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.library.und.edu/dept/our/factbook/html/chesterfritzlibrary.htm |title=Factbook: Chester Fritz Library |access-date=August 31, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224002408/http://www.library.und.edu/dept/our/factbook/html/chesterfritzlibrary.htm |archive-date = February 24, 2007}}</ref> It houses 1.6 million volumes, provides access to approximately 28,000 electronic journal subscriptions, and owns over 20,000 electronic books.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.library.und.edu/coll/index.jsp |title=Collections |access-date=August 31, 2007 |publisher=Chester Fritz Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712195324/http://www.library.und.edu/coll/index.jsp |archive-date=July 12, 2007}}</ref> It also serves as a U.S. patent and trademark depository and a government document depository.<ref name="aboutlibrary" /> UND's special collections department is known for its genealogical resources, including Norwegian ''Bygdeboker'', or Norwegian farm and town records.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.library.und.edu/Collections/Famhist/home.html |title=Family History and Genealogy Room |access-date=August 31, 2007 |publisher=Chester Fritz Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813065157/http://www.library.und.edu/Collections/Famhist/home.html |archive-date=August 13, 2007}}</ref> Branches of the Chester Fritz Library include the Energy and Environmental Research Library, the F.D. Holland Geology Library, and the Gordon Erickson Music Library.<ref name="aboutlibrary" /> The [[University of North Dakota School of Law|School of Law]] operates the Thormodsgard Law Library<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.und.nodak.edu/Library/ |title=Law Library |access-date=August 31, 2007 |publisher=UND School of Law |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808064603/http://www.law.und.nodak.edu/Library/ |archive-date=August 8, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences|School of Medicine]] operates the Harley E. French Library of the Health Sciences.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://undmedlibrary.org/ |title=HEFL Home |access-date=August 31, 2007 |publisher=UND School of Medicine and Health Sciences |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829230620/http://undmedlibrary.org/ |archive-date=August 29, 2007 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>

==Research==
{{See also|Red River Valley Research Corridor}}
UND is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral universities – very high research activity".<ref name=":0" /> This level of research activity is shown in UND's research statistics which, in fiscal year 2006, included program awards that reached $94.3 million, sponsored program expenditures that reached $81.2 million, and an overall research portfolio that included $315 million in total ongoing and committed accounts.<ref>{{cite news |title=UND Sets Record Levels In Sponsored Program Awards, Expenditures For Fiscal Year 2006 |url=http://www2.und.nodak.edu/our/news/story.php?id=1901 |publisher=UND: Office of University Relations |date=September 13, 2006 |access-date=August 25, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311004603/http://www2.und.nodak.edu/our/news/story.php?id=1901 |archive-date=March 11, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Research activity at UND focuses on health sciences, nutrition, energy and environmental protection, aerospace, and engineering.<ref name="aboutund"/> As a major component of the [[Red River Valley Research Corridor]], UND operates many research units including the [[Energy and Environmental Research Center]], the [[University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences|School of Medicine]], the Institute for Energy Studies, the Center for Rural Health, the Center for Innovation, the Upper Midwest Aerospace Consortium, the Bureau of Governmental Affairs, the Bureau of Educational Services and Applied Research, and the Social Science Research Institute.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.edu/research/ |title=University Research |access-date=September 4, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911234503/http://www.und.edu/research/ |archive-date=September 11, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Energy and Environmental Research Center]] (EERC), on the eastern fringes of the UND campus, has been recognized as a leader in researching cleaner, more efficient forms of energy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theresearchcorridor.com/eerc.html |title=Energy and Environmental Research Center |access-date=September 4, 2007 |publisher=Red River Valley Research Corridor Coordinating Center of North Dakota |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309151043/http://www.theresearchcorridor.com/eerc.html |archive-date = March 9, 2007}}</ref> The EERC operates a number of research units at UND including the [[National Center for Hydrogen Technology]].

==Student life==
{| class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible"; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Undergraduate demographics as of Fall 2023<ref>{{cite web |title= College Scorecard: Lewis-Clark State College|url=https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/school/?142328-Lewis-Clark-State-College|website=College Scorecard |publisher=[[United States Department of Education]] |access-date=June 23, 2025 }}</ref>
|-
! Race and ethnicity
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]]
|align=right| {{bartable|79|%|2||background:cyan}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]
|align=right| {{bartable|6|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| [[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]]
|align=right| {{bartable|5|%|2||background:violet}}
|-
| [[International student]]
|align=right| {{bartable|4|%|2||background:#008080}}
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]]
|align=right| {{bartable|3|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
|align=right| {{bartable|2|%|2||background:orange}}
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]/[[Alaska Native]]
|align=right| {{bartable|1|%|2||background:yellow}}
|-
| Unknown
|align=right| {{bartable|1|%|2||background:grey}} 
|-
! colspan="4" data-sort-type=number |[[Economic diversity]]
|-
| [[American lower class|Low-income]]{{efn|The percentage of students who received an income-based federal [[Pell grant]] intended for low-income students.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|18|%|2||background:red}}
|-
| [[Affluence in the United States|Affluent]]{{efn|The percentage of students who are a part of the [[American middle class]] at the bare minimum.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|82|%|2||background:black}}
|}

{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width: 125px; text-align: center; border-collapse: collapse; float:right; margin: .5em;"
|+ '''Historic enrollments:<ref>{{cite news |title=125 years of fall enrollment |work=UND 125: Anniversary |publisher=[[Grand Forks Herald]] |date=February 24, 2008 }}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |url=http://www2.und.edu/our/news/story.php?id=3226 |title=News &#124; The University of North Dakota |publisher=.und.edu |date=2011-06-01 |access-date=2012-12-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930220900/http://www2.und.edu/our/news/story.php?id=3226 |archive-date=September 30, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>'''<ref>{{cite web |title=UND enrollment sets another record at 15,250; number of new freshmen a contributing factor {{!}} 09 {{!}} 2012 {{!}} News {{!}} UND: University of North Dakota |url=http://und.edu/news/2012/09/und-fall-enrollment-record.cfm |website=und.edu |access-date=18 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409022133/http://und.edu/news/2012/09/und-fall-enrollment-record.cfm |archive-date=April 9, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| '''1890''' || 24
|-
| '''1900''' || 124
|-
| '''1910''' || 490
|-
| '''1920''' || 1,124
|-
| '''1930''' || 1,765
|-
| '''1940''' || 1,757
|-
| '''1950''' || 2,653
|-
| '''1960''' || 4,491
|-
| '''1970''' || 8,129
|-
| '''1980''' || 10,217
|-
| '''1990''' || 11,885
|-
| '''2000''' || 11,031
|-
| '''2010''' || 14,194
|-
|  '''2020''' || 13,615<ref>{{cite web|url=https://und.edu/analytics-and-planning/_files/docs/data-and-reports/2110-fall.pdf|title=North Dakota University System Headcounts and FTE Enrollments : College of Arts & Sciences|date=September 22, 2020|website=Und.edu|access-date=November 10, 2021}}</ref>
|}

===Student body===
Over 14,000 students<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.inforum.com/news/fargo/fall-2023-enrollment-down-at-most-area-colleges-and-universities-except-for-1 | title=Fall 2023 enrollment down at most area colleges and universities except for 1 | date=October 31, 2023 }}</ref> attend classes on the UND campus each year.<ref name="autogenerated2"/> About 34 percent of the student body is from [[North Dakota]] and the other 56 percent is made up of students from other states and 99 nations.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://und.edu/analytics-and-planning/data-and-reports/student-body-profiles.html | title=Student Body Profile }}</ref> Students can live on or off campus. On campus, there are 14 residence halls<ref>{{cite web|url=http://und.edu/student-life/housing/residence-halls/index.cfm |title=Residence Halls |access-date=January 24, 2016 |publisher=UND: Residence Services |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121184901/http://und.edu/student-life/housing/residence-halls/index.cfm |archive-date=January 21, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and 700 student apartment units;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://und.edu/student-life/housing/apartments/index.cfm |title=University Apartments |access-date=January 21, 2013 |publisher=UND: Residence Services |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115032750/http://und.edu/student-life/housing/apartments/index.cfm |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> there is also as 13 [[Fraternities and sororities in North America|fraternities]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.union.und.nodak.edu/involvement/greeklife/fraternities.asp |title=Fraternities |access-date=September 6, 2007 |publisher=Greek Life |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902145120/http://www.union.und.nodak.edu/involvement/greeklife/fraternities.asp |archive-date=September 2, 2006 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> and seven [[Fraternities and sororities in North America|sororities]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.union.und.nodak.edu/involvement/greeklife/sororities.asp |title=Sororities |access-date=September 6, 2007 |publisher=Greek Life |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902145125/http://www.union.und.nodak.edu/involvement/greeklife/sororities.asp |archive-date=September 2, 2006 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> There are over 275 student organizations at UND<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.union.und.edu/involvement/studentorgs/ |title=Student Organizations |access-date=September 6, 2007 |publisher=UND: Student Organizations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805185314/http://www.union.und.edu/involvement/studentorgs/ |archive-date=August 5, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> as well as an [[intramural sports]] program.

===Greek life===
The fraternity and sorority community has a rich history at the University of North Dakota. There are approximately 20 Greek houses on campus.

===Culture===
The [[North Dakota Museum of Art]], the official art museum of the state of North Dakota, is in the heart of campus and offers exhibits throughout the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndmoa.com/information.html |title=Information Page |access-date=September 7, 2007 |publisher=North Dakota Museum of Art |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921045615/http://ndmoa.com/information.html |archive-date=September 21, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The Burtness Theater and the [[Chester Fritz Auditorium]] regularly feature theater and concert events.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.edu/dept/dtheater/burtness.html |title=Burtness Theater |access-date=September 7, 2007 |publisher=UND: Department of Theater Arts |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070827210601/http://www.und.edu/dept/dtheater/burtness.html |archive-date = August 27, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cfa.und.edu/ |title=Chester Fritz Auditorium |access-date=September 7, 2007 |publisher=Chester Fritz Auditorium |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070912222945/http://www.cfa.und.edu/ |archive-date=September 12, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Ralph Engelstad Arena]] also features non-athletic events including concerts. The nearby city-owned [[Alerus Center]] hosts several concerts each year as well as other events. Each year, UND hosts the [[University of North Dakota Writers Conference]] with prominent American and foreign writers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.undwritersconference.org/ |title=Writers Conference |access-date=September 7, 2007 |publisher=UND: Department of English |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183130/http://www.undwritersconference.org/ |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.undwritersconference.org/wc-past.html |title=Writers Conference Summary |access-date=September 7, 2007 |publisher=UND: Department of English |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183115/http://www.undwritersconference.org/wc-past.html |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Media===
The ''[[Dakota Student]]'' is UND's student newspaper.

''[[North Dakota Quarterly]]'', a [[Literary magazine|literary journal]], is edited at UND.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.edu/org/ndq/ |title=North Dakota Quarterly |access-date=August 25, 2007 |publisher=The North Dakota Quarterly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213081447/http://www.und.edu/org/ndq/ |archive-date=December 13, 2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

''The North Dakota Law Review'', published by the [[University of North Dakota School of Law|School of Law]] since 1924, serves as the journal of the State Bar Association of North Dakota.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.und.nodak.edu/LawReview/ |title=The North Dakota Law Review |access-date=August 25, 2007 |publisher=UND School of Law |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701044322/http://www.law.und.nodak.edu/LawReview/|archive-date=July 1, 2007 }}</ref>

The ''Alumni Review'' is published by the UND Alumni Association and Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.undalumni.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?&pid=243&srcid=511#review |title=Publications |access-date=August 25, 2007 |publisher=UND Alumni Association and UND Foundation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816060105/http://www.undalumni.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?&pid=243&srcid=511 |archive-date=August 16, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Athletics==
{{main|North Dakota Fighting Hawks}}
[[File:UND Hawks and ISU Sycamores honor Military Appreciation Day (8098000).jpg|thumb|The North Dakota football team during a game against [[Indiana State Sycamores football|Indiana State]] in 2023]]

North Dakota's 17 athletic teams compete in the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]'s [[NCAA Division I|Division I]]. Teams compete in the [[Summit League]], except men's hockey, which is in the [[National Collegiate Hockey Conference]], and the football team, which is in the [[Missouri Valley Football Conference]] (within the [[NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision|FCS]] subdivision).<ref>{{cite web|title=University of North Dakota Athletics - Official Athletics Website|url=https://fightinghawks.com/|access-date=2021-10-27|website=University of North Dakota Athletics|language=en|archive-date=November 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108201942/https://fightinghawks.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> The men's [[North Dakota Fighting Hawks men's ice hockey|ice hockey team]] has won eight national championships, has been runner-up five times and play in the [[Ralph Engelstad Arena]].

The [[North Dakota Fighting Hawks football|football team]] won the [[NCAA Division II|Division II]] national championship in 2001 and was the runner-up in 2003, and play at the [[Alerus Center]]. The [[North Dakota Fighting Hawks men's basketball|basketball]] and [[North Dakota Fighting Hawks volleyball|volleyball]] teams play in the [[Betty Engelstad Sioux Center]]. The women's basketball team has won three national championships in 1997, 1998, and 1999 and was runner-up in 2001.

The colors of UND athletics are green and white, which were adopted in the 1920s. The university's official school colors are green and pink, representative of North Dakota's state flower, the [[Wild Prairie Rose]]; however, this combination is rarely employed outside of official or ceremonial applications.<ref name="colors"/> From 1904 until 1930, UND's athletic teams bore the name of the [[Richardson's ground squirrel|Flickertails]]. Afterward they were the Fighting Sioux, but were without a nickname and mascot from 2012 to 2015, in compliance with the NCAA's policy against the use of Native American nicknames.<ref>{{cite web|last=Johnson|first=Peter|title=Message to the campus community about resuming transition away from nickname and logo|url=http://nickname.und.edu/logo/?p=570|publisher=University of North Dakota|date=June 15, 2012|access-date=November 18, 2015 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117005130/http://nickname.und.edu/logo/?p=570|archive-date=November 17, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=University of North Dakota officially drops 'Fighting Sioux' nickname|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/university-of-north-dakota-officially-drops-fighting-sioux-nickname/|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=Fox News|date=June 14, 2012|access-date=November 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119225411/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/06/14/university-north-dakota-officially-drops-fighting-sioux-nickname/|archive-date=November 19, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On November 18, 2015, it was announced the new nickname would be "Fighting Hawks", effective immediately.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fighting Hawks selected as new nickname for the University of North Dakota|url=http://und.edu/features/2015/11/final-nickname-runoff-vote.cfm|publisher=University of North Dakota|date=November 18, 2015|access-date=November 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119081830/http://und.edu/features/2015/11/final-nickname-runoff-vote.cfm|archive-date=November 19, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fighting Hawks selected as new nickname for the University of North Dakota|url=http://www.undsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=13500&ATCLID=210509712|publisher=North Dakota Fighting Hawks|date=November 18, 2015|access-date=November 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119170244/http://www.undsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=13500&ATCLID=210509712|archive-date=November 19, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

A notable UND athletic alumnus is [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA) coach and former player [[Phil Jackson]], widely considered one of the greatest coaches in NBA history.<ref name="50th">{{cite web|url=http://www.nba.com/history/top_10_coaches.html|title=Top 10 Coaches in NBA History|work=NBA.com|access-date=August 29, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209033542/http://www.nba.com/history/top_10_coaches.html|archive-date=February 9, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/198121-auerbach-vs-jackson-who-is-the-best-nba-coach-of-all-time |title=Auerbach vs Jackson |publisher=Bleacherreport.com |date=2009-06-12 |access-date=2012-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406045450/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/198121-auerbach-vs-jackson-who-is-the-best-nba-coach-of-all-time |archive-date=April 6, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, many UND alumni have played in the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL), including: [[Minnesota Wild]] wing [[Zach Parise]], [[New Jersey Devils]] center [[Travis Zajac]], [[Los Angeles Kings]] defensemen [[Matt Greene]] and [[Mike Commodore]], [[Chicago Blackhawks]] forward and captain [[Jonathan Toews]], [[Vancouver Canucks]] wing [[Brock Boeser]], former NHL goalie [[Ed Belfour]], and [[Washington Capitals]] forward [[T. J. Oshie]].

===Fight song===
The school's primary fight song is "[[Stand Up and Cheer (song)|Stand Up and Cheer]]". Two other fight songs are "UND" and ''[[It's for You, North Dakota U]]'' (or ''North Dakota U''), composed by Franz Rickaby in 1921.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.edu/schoolsongs/it4you.html |title=It's For You, North Dakota U |date=January 1983 |access-date=July 13, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608111419/http://www.und.edu/schoolsongs/it4you.html |archive-date = June 8, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Studwell|first=William E.|author2=Schueneman, Bruce R.|title=College Fight Songs II: A Supplementary Anthology|publisher=Haworth Press|year=2001 |location=United States|page=29|isbn=0-7890-0920-X}}</ref>

==Notable people and alumni==
{{Main|List of University of North Dakota people}}
{{See also|List of Presidents of the University of North Dakota}}
{{multiple image
 | align = right
 | total_width = 320
 | image1 = Phil Jackson 3 cropped.jpg
 | caption1 = [[Phil Jackson]]
 | image2 = Pearl I. Young (7538108274) (cropped).jpg
 | caption2 = [[Pearl I. Young]]
 | image3 =  Carl Eielson.jpg
 | caption3 = [[Carl Ben Eielson]]
}}

Alumni of the University of North Dakota have become notable in a variety of different fields including politics and government, business, science, literature, arts and entertainment, and athletics.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.edu/history/notablealumni.html |title=Notable Alumni |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517104803/http://www.und.edu/history/notablealumni.html |archive-date=May 17, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Nine [[Governor of North Dakota|Governors of North Dakota]] were educated at UND, including [[Fred G. Aandahl]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.library.und.edu/Collections/og51.html |title=Fred G. Aandahl Papers |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=Chester Fritz Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525163327/http://www.library.und.edu/Collections/og51.html |archive-date=May 25, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Kelly Armstrong]], [[Louis B. Hanna]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nd.gov/hist/ndgov3.htm#hanna |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704204034/http://www.nd.gov/hist/ndgov3.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 4, 2008 |title=North Dakota Governors: Louis B. Hanna |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=State Historical Society of North Dakota }}</ref> [[Lynn Frazier]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nd.gov/hist/ndgov3.htm#frazier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704204034/http://www.nd.gov/hist/ndgov3.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 4, 2008 |title=North Dakota Governors: Lynn Frazier |access-date=September 12, 2007 |publisher=State Historical Society of North Dakota }}</ref> [[William Langer]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/library/Collections/Langer/og19.html |title=William Langer Papers |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=Chester Fritz Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041119040307/http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/library/Collections/Langer/og19.html |archive-date = November 19, 2004}}</ref> [[John Moses (American politician)|John Moses]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/library/Collections/og15.html |title=John Moses Papers |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=Chester Fritz Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070529225721/http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/library/Collections/og15.html |archive-date = May 29, 2007}}</ref> [[Ragnvald A. Nestos]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nd.gov/hist/ndgov3.htm#nestos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704204034/http://www.nd.gov/hist/ndgov3.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 4, 2008 |title=North Dakota Governors: Ragnvald A. Nestos |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=State Historical Society of North Dakota }}</ref> [[Allen I. Olson]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nd.gov/hist/ndgov6.htm#olson |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706034728/http://www.nd.gov/hist/ndgov6.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 6, 2008 |title=North Dakota Governors: Allen I. Olson |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=State Historical Society of North Dakota }}</ref> and [[Ed Schafer]], who was also the [[US Secretary of Agriculture]] from 2008 to 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nd.gov/hist/ndgov6.htm#schafer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706034728/http://www.nd.gov/hist/ndgov6.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 6, 2008 |title=North Dakota Governors: Edward T. Schafer |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=State Historical Society of North Dakota }}</ref> Former Deputy National Security Advisor at the [[White House]], [[Mark Pfeifle]] is a 1997 graduate in the School of Communications.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://undnews.areavoices.com/tag/mark-pfeifle/ |title=Mark Pfeifle &#124; University of North Dakota |publisher=Undnews.areavoices.com |date=2012-10-10 |access-date=2015-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714115225/http://undnews.areavoices.com/tag/mark-pfeifle/ |archive-date=July 14, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Many U.S. Senators and Representatives of North Dakota were also graduates of UND, including former Senator [[Byron Dorgan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dorgan.senate.gov/about/biography/ |title=Biography |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=Senator Byron L. Dorgan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913052901/http://dorgan.senate.gov/about/biography/ |archive-date=September 13, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> and former Representative [[Earl Pomeroy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pomeroy.house.gov/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={ED0EAB06-2C5B-4D21-9122-E740AD8714DE} |title=Biography of Congressman Earl Pomeroy |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=Congressman Earl Pomeroy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829201420/http://www.pomeroy.house.gov/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7BED0EAB06-2C5B-4D21-9122-E740AD8714DE%7D |archive-date=August 29, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Former [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Majority Leader]] [[Dick Armey]] is a UND graduate.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/gen/resources/players/armey/ |title=Dick Armey |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=CNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210000925/http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/gen/resources/players/armey/ |archive-date=February 10, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ronald Davies (judge)|Ronald Davies]], a UND graduate and former federal judge, became a part of history when he ordered the integration of [[Central International Studies High School|Little Rock Central High School]] during the [[Civil Rights Movement]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/library/Collections/og1087.html |title=Judge Ronald N. Davies Papers |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=Chester Fritz Library |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060907140258/http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/library/Collections/og1087.html |archive-date=September 7, 2006}}</ref> [[Leigh Gerdine]] who was president of [[Webster University]] and was awarded the [[National Medal of Arts]] in 1989.  UND alumni who went on to notable careers in the business world include chairman of [[True North Sports & Entertainment|TNSE]] & president of the [[Winnipeg Jets]] hockey club [[Mark Chipman]],<ref name="und">{{cite news|title=Mark Chipman, '85 Receives UND's Highest Honor|url=http://law.und.edu/news/fall-2012/chipman.cfm|publisher=UND School of Law|date=2012-10-31|access-date=2013-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019031033/http://law.und.edu/news/fall-2012/chipman.cfm|archive-date=October 19, 2015|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> current president and former CEO of [[Cargill]] [[Gregory R. Page]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Lisa |last=Clemens |title=Gregory Page named chief executive officer and president of Cargill, effective June 1, 2007; Warren Staley to retire as CEO June 1 |url=http://www.cargill.com/news/news_releases/070206_page.htm |publisher=Cargill |date=February 6, 2007 |access-date=September 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831112416/http://www.cargill.com/news/news_releases/070206_page.htm |archive-date=August 31, 2007 }}</ref> current president and CEO of the [[Buffalo Wild Wings]] restaurant chain [[Sally J. Smith]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://buffalowildwings.com/press_room/pdf/BWW%20Executive%20Profile%20-%20Sally%20Smith.pdf |title=SALLY J. SMITH |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=Buffalo Wild Wings |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403200734/http://www.buffalowildwings.com/press_room/pdf/BWW%2BExecutive%2BProfile%2B-%2BSally%2BSmith.pdf |archive-date=April 3, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> current CEO of [[Forum Communications]] [[William C. Marcil]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://governor.state.nd.us/awards/rr-gallery/marcil.html |title=Theodore Roosevelt Rough Rider Award, William C. Marcil |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=Office of the Governor of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423171723/http://www.governor.state.nd.us/awards/rr-gallery/marcil.html |archive-date=April 23, 2007 }}</ref> former [[Las Vegas]] casino owner and UND philanthropist [[Ralph Engelstad]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theralph.com/asp/default.asp?p=23 |title= Ralph Engelstad |access-date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=Ralph Engelstad Arena |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630110335/http://www.theralph.com/asp/default.asp?p=23 |archive-date = June 30, 2007}}</ref> and former CEO of American [[Skandia]] and founder of WealthVest Marketing [[Wade Dokken (author)|Wade Dokken]].<ref>{{cite web|title=North Dakota Business Innovator of the Year|url=http://www.innovators.net/innovators/public_html/about_the_center/innovator_year.html|access-date=February 25, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512061124/http://www.innovators.net/innovators/public_html/about_the_center/innovator_year.html|archive-date=May 12, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Former [[Canadian Football League]] player and founder of [[Golden Star Resources]], [[Dave Fennell]]. Founder and chairman of [[Nygård International]], [[Peter Nygård]].

In the realm of science, notable UND alumni include important contributor to [[information theory]] [[Harry Nyquist]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/library/Collections/og1176.html |title=Harry Nyquist Papers |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=Chester Fritz Library |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060907141052/http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/library/Collections/og1176.html |archive-date = September 7, 2006}}</ref> pioneer aviator [[Carl Eielson|Carl Ben Eielson]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aqppublishing.com/pubs/base_guides_online/Eielson2007/carl.html |title=About Carl Ben Eielson |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=Eielson Air Force Base |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412102314/http://www.aqppublishing.com/pubs/base_guides_online/Eielson2007/carl.html |archive-date = April 12, 2008}}</ref> Arctic explorer [[Vilhjalmur Stefansson]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/spec-coll/archives/guides/RG99.0013.html |title=Vilhjalmur Stefansson Papers |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=University of Iowa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224112412/http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/spec-coll/archives/guides/RG99.0013.html |archive-date=December 24, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> engineer and NASA astronaut [[Karen L. Nyberg]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/bio_nyberg.html |title=Astronaut Biography: Karen L. Nyberg |date=July 28, 2006 |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=SPACE.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080425002836/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/bio_nyberg.html |archive-date=April 25, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> and leading NASA manager [[John H. Disher]]. [[Pearl I. Young]], a UND graduate in 1919, became the first female technical employee at [[NASA]] (then [[National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics|NACA]]) in 1922, her contributions to the agency resulted in a theater at [[Langley Research Center|NASA Langley]] in 1995.

Alumni who have become notable through literature include the [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning playwright and author [[Maxwell Anderson]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/library/Collections/og50.html |title=Maxwell Anderson Papers |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=Chester Fritz Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907133833/http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/library/Collections/og50.html |archive-date = September 7, 2006}}</ref> [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes scholar]] and poet [[Thomas McGrath (poet)|Thomas McGrath]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mnstate.edu/archives/Guides/S2728.htm |title=McGrath, Thomas Papers |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=Minnesota State University Moorhead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910075132/http://www.mnstate.edu/archives/Guides/S2728.htm |archive-date=September 10, 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref> essayist and journalist [[Chuck Klosterman]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?isbn=9780743284882&atch=h |title=About the Author |access-date=July 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106114551/http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?isbn=9780743284882&atch=h |archive-date=January 6, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> and novelist [[Jon Hassler]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://special.lib.umn.edu/findaid/xml/CLRC-938.xml |title=Jon Hassler Papers |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=University of Minnesota |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613172703/http://special.lib.umn.edu/findaid/xml/CLRC-938.xml |archive-date=June 13, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref>  UND graduates have become editors of major magazines: [[Carroll Eugene Simcox]] of [[The Living Church]], former ''[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]'' editor [[Era Bell Thompson]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://governor.state.nd.us/awards/rr-gallery/ebthomps.html |title=Theodore Roosevelt Rough Rider Award, Era Bell Thompson |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=Office of the Governor of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004102909/http://www.governor.state.nd.us/awards/rr-gallery/ebthomps.html |archive-date=October 4, 2006 }}</ref> and former ''[[Life (magazine)|LIFE]]'' editor [[Edward K. Thompson]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Tom |last=Pantera |title=A rich history of storytelling |url=http://www.in-forum.com/specials/century/jan3/week22.html |publisher=The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead |date=May 30, 1999 |access-date=September 17, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060517104522/http://www.in-forum.com/specials/century/jan3/week22.html |archive-date = May 17, 2006}}</ref> Alumni who have become notable in arts and entertainment include actor [[Sam Anderson]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0027402/bio |title=Sam Anderson |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=IMDb.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230013413/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0027402/bio |archive-date=December 30, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[America's Next Top Model]]'' winner [[Nicole Linkletter]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2061686/bio |title=Nicole Linkletter |access-date=September 17, 2007 |publisher=IMDb.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218233849/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2061686/bio |archive-date=December 18, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<!-- Note: this is just a short list of NOTABLE alumni athletes. The larger catchall list is below. -->Former UND students who have gone on to notable careers in athletics include former [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player and coach and former president of the [[New York Knicks]], [[Phil Jackson]],<ref>{{cite news |title=NBA TV to Present Phil Jackson: NBA Maverick |url=http://www.nba.com/news/philjacksonmaverick_070907.html |publisher=NBA |date=September 6, 2007 |access-date=September 17, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070918132039/http://www.nba.com/news/philjacksonmaverick_070907.html |archive-date=September 18, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> 1980 Winter Olympics "[[Miracle on Ice]]" hockey player [[Dave Christian]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vintageminnesotahockey.com/DaveChristian.html |title=DaveChristian |access-date=September 22, 2007 |publisher=VintageMinnesotaHockey.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080114042556/http://www.vintageminnesotahockey.com/DaveChristian.html |archive-date=January 14, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NHL]] players [[Ed Belfour]] and [[Zach Parise]], and professional football players [[Jim Kleinsasser]] and [[Dave Osborn]]. As of the 2018–19 season, more than 20 former UND players are in the NHL and more than 100 former players have played in the NHL.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bismarcktribune.com/sports/college/former-und-players-in-nhl-training-camps/article_82783c40-23c3-5f5a-8cfa-9d9472a17755.html|title=29 former UND players in NHL training camps|last=STAFF|first=TRIBUNE|website=Bismarck Tribune|language=en|access-date=2019-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124026/https://bismarcktribune.com/sports/college/former-und-players-in-nhl-training-camps/article_82783c40-23c3-5f5a-8cfa-9d9472a17755.html|archive-date=February 9, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons|University of North Dakota}}
*{{Official website}}
*[http://www.undsports.com/ University of North Dakota Athletics website]
*{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=North Dakota, University of|short=x}}
*{{Cite NSRW|wstitle=North Dakota, University of|short=x}}
*{{Cite NIE|wstitle=North Dakota, University of|short=x}}

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