View source for Ushaw College

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox church
|name                   = Ushaw: Historic House, Chapels & Gardens
|fullname               = Formerly Ushaw College
|image                  = Ushaw Georgian house main building.jpg
|imagesize              = 300px
|imagelink              = 
|imagealt               = 
|landscape              = 
|caption                = Main Building
|pushpin map            = County Durham
|pushpin label position = 
|pushpin map alt        = 
|pushpin mapsize        = 
|map caption            = 
|coordinates            = {{coord|54.78818 |-1.66116|type:edu_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
|osgraw                 =  <!--  TEXT -->
|osgridref              =  <!-- {{gbmappingsmall|TEXT}} -->
|location               = [[Ushaw Moor]], [[County Durham|Durham]]
|country                = England

|denomination           = [[Roman Catholic]]
|previous denomination  =
|churchmanship          = 
|membership             = 
|attendance             = 
|website                = {{url|http://www.ushaw.org}}

|former name            = English College, Douai
|bull date              = 
|founded date           = {{start date|1568|09|29}}
|founder                = [[William Gibson (bishop)|Bishop William Gibson]]
|dedication             = [[Saint Cuthbert]]
|dedicated date         = 
|consecrated date       = September 1808
|closed date            = June 2011
|cult                   = 
|relics                 = 
|events                 = 
|past bishop            = 
|people                 =

|status                 = Theological College
|functional status      = Closed as college, open as visitor attraction
|heritage designation   = Grade II with parts Grade II* and St Michael's Chapel Grade I<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/england/durham/esh#.WKR4BLYrKqA|title= Listed Buildings in Esh, Durham, England|access-date=15 February 2017|website=British Listed Buildings}}</ref>
|designated date        = 17 January 1967 (main block and college chapel; other parts, including St Michael's Chapel, added 24 June 1987)
|architect              = James Taylor<br />
[[Archibald Matthias Dunn|Dunn]] and [[Edward Joseph Hansom|Hansom]]
|architectural type     = 
|style                  = [[Gothic Revival]]
|groundbreaking         = 23 April 1804
|completed date         = 2 August 1808
|construction cost      = 
|demolished date        =

|parish                 = [http://www.rcdhn.org.uk/churches07/churchcontact.php?chid=279 St Joseph's, Ushaw Moor]
|deanery                = [http://www.rcdhn.org.uk/churches07/churchdeanery2.php?did=12 St Cuthbert]
|archdeaconry           = 
|episcopalarea          = [http://www.rcdhn.org.uk/churches07/churchdeanery2.php?did=12 Sunderland and East Durham]
|archdiocese            = 
|metropolis             = 
|diocese                = [[Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle|Hexham and Newcastle]]
|province               = [[Province of Liverpool|Liverpool]]
|presbytery             = 
|synod                  = 
|circuit                = 
|district               = 
|division               = 
|subdivision            =

|logo                   = Ushaw College, Durham.svg
|logosize               = 98px
|logolink               = 
|logoalt                = College Arms
}}
	
'''Ushaw College''' (formally '''St Cuthbert's College, Ushaw''') is a former [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[seminary]], which until 2011 was also a [[Colleges of Durham University#Types of College|licensed hall of residence]] of [[Durham University]] near the village of [[Ushaw Moor, County Durham]], England, which is now a heritage and cultural tourist attraction. The college is known for its Georgian and Victorian Gothic architecture and listed nineteenth-century chapels. The college now hosts a programme of art exhibitions, music and theatre events, alongside tearooms and a café.

It was founded in 1808 by scholars from the [[English College, Douai]], who had fled France after the [[French Revolution]]. Ushaw College was affiliated with Durham University from 1968 and was the principal [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[seminary]] for the training of Catholic priests in the north of England.

In 2011, the seminary closed, due to the shortage of vocations. It reopened as a visitor attraction, marketed as '''Ushaw: Historic House, Chapels & Gardens''' in late 2014 and, as of 2023, receives over 100,000 visitors a year. The [[Durham County Council|County Durham]] Music Service and [[Durham University]] Centre for Evaluation and Monitoring are based at the college and buildings at the college are also used by [[Durham University Business School]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetablet.co.uk/features/2/16654/religious-buildings-and-the-heritage-business|title=Religious buildings and the heritage business|author=Elena Curti|date=5 September 2019|work=The Tablet}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Accommodation & Estates Developments : CEM move to Ushaw - Durham University|url=https://www.dur.ac.uk/estates-developments/past/cem/|access-date=2021-03-16|website=www.dur.ac.uk}}</ref>

==History==

===Founding===
The [[English College, Douai]] was founded in 1568 but was forced to leave France in 1795 following the [[French Revolution]].
Part of the college settled temporarily at [[Crook Hall]] near [[Lanchester, County Durham|Lanchester]], northwest of Durham. In 1804 [[William Gibson (bishop)|Bishop William Gibson]] began to build at [[Ushaw Moor]], four miles west of [[Durham, England|Durham]]. These buildings, designed by James Taylor, were opened as ''St Cuthbert's College'' in 1808.  There was a steady expansion during the nineteenth century with new buildings put up to cater for the expanding number of clerical and secular students. In 1847, the newly built chapel, designed by [[Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin]] was opened.<ref>Gillow, Henry [https://archive.org/stream/thechapelsofusha00gilluoft/thechapelsofusha00gilluoft_djvu.txt Chapels at Ushaw, with Historical Introduction] (George Neasham, 1885) p. 55</ref> This was followed by the Big Library and Exhibition Hall designed by [[Joseph Hansom]], 1849–1851.<ref>Harris, Penelope, "The Architectural Achievement of Joseph Aloysius Hansom (1803–1882)", The Edwin Mellen Press, 2010, p.157, {{ISBN|0-7734-3851-3}}</ref> The Junior House, designed by [[Peter Paul Pugin]], was added in 1859. St Cuthbert's Chapel, designed by [[Archibald Matthias Dunn|Dunn and Hansom]], was opened in 1884, replacing AWN Pugin's 1847 chapel which the seminary had outgrown. The Refectory was designed and built by [[E. W. Pugin]]. The final development came in the early 1960s with the opening of a new East wing, providing additional classrooms and single bedrooms for 75 students.  The main college buildings are [[listed building|Grade II listed]], the College Chapel is Grade II* and the Chapel of St Michael is Grade I.

===University of Durham===
Although independent, Ushaw College had a close working relationship with [[Durham University]]. The college became a Licensed Hall of Residence of the [[University of Durham]] in 1968. It was independent of the university but offered courses validated by the university, and both Church and lay students studied at the college.  The Junior House closed in 1972, its younger students being transferred to [[St Joseph's College, Up Holland]] in Lancashire.

===21st Century===
[[File:The High Altar, St Cuthbert's Chapel, Ushaw.jpg|thumb|right|St Cuthbert's Chapel]]
[[File:Ushaw - Café.jpg|thumb|right|Refectory]]

In 2002, the college rejected a report from the Roman Catholic hierarchy that it should merge with [[St Mary's College, Oscott]], near Birmingham.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/jul/02/religion.highereducation|title=Turbulent priests|first=Elaine|last=Williams|date=1 July 2002|access-date=9 June 2017|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> However, in October 2010 it was announced that the college would close in 2011 due to the shortage of vocations in the Roman Catholic Church, and that the site might be sold.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2010/10/09/historic-ushaw-college-will-close-its-doors-61634-27436541/|title=Historic Ushaw College will close its doors|first=journallive|last=Administrator|date=9 October 2010|access-date=9 June 2017|archive-date=4 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404055118/http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2010/10/09/historic-ushaw-college-will-close-its-doors-61634-27436541/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Following a detailed feasibility study by the college's Trustees and [[Durham University]], and with support from Durham County Council and English Heritage,<ref name="dur.ac.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.dur.ac.uk/news/newsitem/?itemno=12272|title=Ushaw College and Durham University lighting an educational beacon - Durham University|website=www.dur.ac.uk|access-date=9 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dur.ac.uk/research/news/?itemno=12272|title=Ushaw College and Durham University lighting an educational beacon - Durham University|website=www.dur.ac.uk|access-date=9 June 2017}}</ref> it was announced in January 2012 that [[Durham Business School]] would temporarily relocate to the college during rebuilding of the school's buildings in Durham. This was seen as the first step in a long-term education-based vision for the site.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic-ew.org.uk/Home/News-Releases/Agreement-for-temporary-move-to-Ushaw-College/(language)/eng-GB|title=News-Agreement for temporary move to Ushaw College / January - March / 2012 / News / Home / Catholic News - The Catholic Church for England and Wales|website=www.catholic-ew.org.uk|access-date=9 June 2017}}</ref>

The university also agreed to catalogue and archive the Ushaw library and inventory the other collections to ensure their preservation and specialist conservation,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ushaw.ac.uk/news/News.html |title=Ushaw College Durham - News |access-date=2012-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204081123/http://www.ushaw.ac.uk/news/News.html |archive-date=2012-02-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> with a view to creating a proposed Ushaw Centre for Catholic Scholarship and Heritage.<ref name="dur.ac.uk" /> In March 2019, an uncatalogued early charter of King John was found in the library manuscript collection.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-47698594 BBC news report]</ref>

In 2017, Durham University announced plans to develop an international residential research library at Ushaw College, with the aim of attracting scholars from around the world to work on the collections of Ushaw, Durham University and [[Durham Cathedral]]. The university has also confirmed that it has extended the agreement to lease the east wing of the college (used by the Business School) to 2027.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.durhamadvertiser.co.uk/news/15067492.Multi_million_pound_plans_for_new_international_residential_research_library_unveiled/?ref=mr&lp=13|title= Multi-million pound plans for new international residential research library at Ushaw College unveiled|work=Durham Advertiser|access-date=15 February 2017|date=2 February 2017}}</ref> The college is also used for numerous musical events and for the Ushaw Lecture Series, organised by the university's Centre for Catholic Studies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ushaw.org/store/index.php?page=events|title=Events|publisher=Ushaw College|access-date=15 February 2017}}</ref>

In 2018, Durham University's Centre for Evaluation and Monitoring (CEM) moved into the east wing of the college, previously used by the Business School.<ref name=":0" />

The Junior Seminary Chapel of St Aloysius and adjacent common room buildings were badly damaged in a suspected arson attack in July 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c3gllr5yrlxo|title=Funding for fire damaged chapel repair|website=BBC News|date=4 April 2024}}</ref>

==Heraldry==
The college [[armorial bearings]] are "Per pale dexter Argent a Cross Gules on a Canton Azure a Cross of St Cuthbert proper sinister impaling Allen Argent three Rabbits couchant in pale Sable."

Various emblems on shield represent the college's history and foundation, for example:-
* Three coneys are from the family coat of arms of [[William Allen (cardinal)|William Allen]], the founder of English College, Douai.  See [[Three hares]].
* The small cross of [[St Cuthbert]] represents the college's patron saint (it is modelled on St Cuthbert's own pectoral cross, which is kept in the Treasury at [[Durham Cathedral]]).
* The large cross of [[St George]] honours the English Roman Catholic Martyrs.

==Alumni==
[[File:Ushaw.gif|thumb|right|Early drawing of Ushaw designed (1804–1808) by James Taylor]]
[[File:Death of St Bede - Project Gutenberg eText 16785.jpg|thumb|''The Death of [[St Bede]]''; the monastic clergy are wearing surplices over their [[cowl]]s (original painting at St Cuthbert's College, Ushaw)]]
{{category seealso|Alumni of Ushaw College}}
'''Clergy'''
* [[Nicholas Wiseman|Nicholas Cardinal Wiseman]] – first Archbishop of Westminster
* [[Francis Bourne|Francis Cardinal Bourne]] – Archbishop of Westminster
* [[Arthur Hinsley|Arthur Cardinal Hinsley]] – Archbishop of Westminster
* [[William Godfrey|William Cardinal Godfrey]] – Archbishop of Westminster
* [[John Carmel Heenan|John Carmel Cardinal Heenan]] – Archbishop of Westminster
* [[Rafael Merry del Val|Rafael Cardinal Merry del Val y Zulueta]] – Cardinal Secretary of State
* [[Charles Petre Eyre]] – [[Archbishop of Glasgow]].
* [[Louis Charles Casartelli]] – 4th [[Bishop of Salford]]
* [[Hugh Lindsay (bishop)|Hugh Lindsay]] – 10th [[Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle]]
* [[James Chadwick (bishop)|James Chadwick]] – 2nd [[Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle]]
* [[Alexander Goss]] – [[Bishop of Liverpool]]
* [[Thomas Grant (bishop)|Thomas Grant]] – [[Archbishop of Southwark|Bishop of Southwark]]
* [[Mark Davies (Bishop of Shrewsbury)|Mark Davies]], [[Roman Catholic Bishop of Shrewsbury|Bishop of Shrewsbury]]
* [[John Lingard]] – author of ''The History Of England, From the First Invasion by the Romans to the Accession of Henry VIII''
* [[Bernard Łubieński]] - [[Redemptorist]] missionary priest
* [[John Furniss (priest)|John Furniss]] – English Roman Catholic priest, known for his mission to children
* [[James Nugent (priest)|James Nugent]] – Roman Catholic priest of the [[Archdiocese of Liverpool]]
* [[Nicholas Rigby]] – English Roman Catholic priest and author of ''The Real Doctrine of the Church on Scripture''
* [[Constantine Scollen]] – Irish Roman Catholic missionary priest and outstanding linguist in Canada in the mid- to late 19th century and author of ''Thirty Years among the Indians of the Northwest''
* [[Paul Swarbrick]] - Bishop of Lancaster
* [[Philip Moger]] - Auxiliary Bishop of Southwark

'''Lay'''

* [[George Goldie (architect)|George Goldie]] – nineteenth-century ecclesiastical architect
* [[Edward Goldie]] – nineteenth- and twentieth-century ecclesiastical architect
* [[A. M. Sullivan (Irish lawyer)|Alexander Martin Sullivan]] – Irish lawyer and defence counsel in the trial of [[Roger Casement]]
* [[Charles Napier Hemy]] – artist and Royal Academician
* [[Francis Thompson]] – English poet
* [[Joseph Gillow]] – author of ''Bibliographical Dictionary of the English Roman Catholics''
* [[William Shee]] – first Roman Catholic to sit as a [[judge]] in [[England and Wales]] since the [[English Reformation|Reformation]]
* [[Francis Joseph Sloane (aka Francesco Giuseppe Sloane)]] - born 1794, died October 23, 1871, tutor at Ushaw and lifelong friend of Nicolas (later Cardinal) Wiseman, responsible for reviving the Montecatini Val di Cecina copper mine, which was the largest in Europe<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.19thc-artworldwide.org/spring13/thompson-the-catholic-revival-in-19th-century-florence|title=Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide: The Immaculate Conception Window in Santa Croce and the Catholic Revival in Nineteenth-Century Florence by Nancy M. Thompson|journal=Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide |date=2013 |volume=12 |issue=1 |last1=Thompson |first1=Nancy M. }}</ref>
* [[Paul Goggins]] – Labour Member of Parliament for Wythenshawe and Sale East and junior minister in the Northern Ireland Office.
* [[Joseph Scott (attorney)|Joseph Scott]] – attorney in Los Angeles, founder of the Southwest Museum of the American Indian, vice-president of the [[Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915)]]
* [[A.J. Hartley]] bestselling novelist and Shakespeare scholar
* [[Lafcadio Hearn]] (also known as Koizumi Yakumo) – author, best known for his books about Japan
* [[Francis Petre]] - prominent New Zealand-born architect designed the [[Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, Christchurch]]
* [[Peter Paul Pugin]] – English architect
* [[James Joseph Foy]] – Ontario Attorney General and political figure
* [[Myles William Patrick O'Reilly]] – Roman Catholic soldier and politician
* [[Archibald Matthias Dunn]] – Roman Catholic ecclesiastical architect
* [[Joe Tasker]] - Himalayan climber
* [[Charles Bruzon]] – [[Gibraltar]]ian government minister and [[curate]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vox.gi/local/2623-Charles_Bruzon_Profile.html|title=Charles Bruzon: From Priesthood To Parliament|editor=VOX|date=2007-07-14|access-date=2012-10-11|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130107111100/http://vox.gi/local/2623-Charles_Bruzon_Profile.html|archive-date=2013-01-07|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==List of presidents==

{{div col}}
* 1794–1810  	[[Thomas Eyre (divine)|Thomas Eyre]]
* 1811–1828  	[[John Gillow]]
* 1828–1833 	Thomas Youens
* 1833–1836 	[[John Briggs (bishop)|John Briggs]]
* 1836–1837 	Thomas Youens
* 1837–1863 	Charles Newsham
* 1863–1876 	Robert Tate
* 1876–1877 	Francis Wilkinson
* 1877–1878 	[[James Chadwick (bishop)|James Chadwick]]
* 1878–1885 	William Wrennall
* 1885–1886  	William Dunderdale
* 1886–1890 	James Lennon
* 1890–1909 	[[Thomas Wilkinson (Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle)|Thomas Wilkinson]]
* 1909–1910 	Joseph Corbishley
* 1910–1934 	William Brown
* 1934–1950 	Charles Corbishley
* 1950–1967  	Paul Grant
* 1967–1977 	Philip Loftus
* 1977–1984 	Peter Cookson
* 1984–1991 	Peter Walton
* 1991–1997 	Richard Atherton
* 1997–2003 	James O’Keefe
* 2003–2008 	[[Terence Drainey]]
* 2008–2011 	John Marsland
{{div col end}}

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|b=no|v=no|commons=Durham University}}
* [http://www.ushaw.org/ Ushaw: Historic House, Chapels & Gardens] official site
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15233b.htm Roman Catholic Encyclopaedia Entry for Ushaw College]
* [http://www.dur.ac.uk/library/asc/localother/ushaw.htm/ Ushaw College Library]
* [http://stcuthbertsociety.org.uk/ St Cuthbert's Society, Ushaw (Alumni)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080108164507/http://www.stcuthbertsociety.org.uk/ |date=8 January 2008 }}
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05736a.htm Thomas Eyre], the first President
*[[Colleges of Durham University#Former Colleges|Former Colleges of the University of Durham]]

{{University of Durham}}
{{English and Welsh Catholic Seminaries}}
{{Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Former colleges of Durham University]]
[[Category:Grade II listed buildings in County Durham]]
[[Category:Former Catholic seminaries]]
[[Category:1568 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Grade II listed educational buildings]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1808]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in County Durham]]
[[Category:Catholic seminaries in England]]
[[Category:Gardens in County Durham]]