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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Valençay
|commune status     = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|image              = Chateau Valencay 20050726.jpg
|image flag         = Flag of Valençay.gif
|caption            = Castle of Valençay
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Valençay (Indre).svg
|arrondissement     = Châteauroux
|canton             = Valençay
|INSEE              = 36228
|postal code        = 36600
|mayor              = Claude Doucet<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=2 December 2020|language=fr}}</ref>
|term               = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality   = 
|coordinates        = {{coord|47.1614|1.5669|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m        = 145
|elevation min m    = 91
|elevation max m    = 154
|area km2           = 41.59
|population         = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}

'''Valençay''' ({{IPA|fr|valɑ̃sɛ|-|Fr-Paris--Valençay.ogg}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Indre]] [[Departments of France|department]] in the administrative region of [[Centre-Val de Loire]], [[France]].

==Geography==
Valençay is situated in the [[Loire Valley]]. It sits at the end of a plateau. on a hillside overlooking the River [[Nahon (river)|Nahon]]. Valençay is part of Berry.

==History==
The commune was formed by the union of three settlements: the "Bourg-de-l'Eglise", the "Bas-Bourg" and what is called the "old quarter."

The chateau is a part of the Loire Valley by virtue of the date of its construction and its dimensions, which give it a similar appearance to [[Château de Chambord|Chambord]].

A 12th-century castle existed on this site, was demolished and construction of its replacement began in 1520, albeit slowly. The chateau was born in the 16th and 17th centuries by the Estampes family. Louis of Estampes, governor and baillif of Blois, undertook the building of the large round tower at the end of the entrance wing. He died in 1530, leaving the tower unfinished. The tower rises above the entry.

Work on Valençay began again about 1540 under Jacques of Estampes, lord of the manor. He had married a Grassement with a financier in the family. The lord wanted a residence worthy of his new fortune. Jacques covered the dome of the tower with an imperial design.

Valençay was rebuilt multiple times.

At the end of the 16th century, Jean of Estampes built a [[gatehouse]] in the shape of a [[keep]], confined to four turrets. It connects to the spans built by Jacques. Jean built the building and the tower on the left of the central house. In the 17th century, Dominique of Estampes finished the wing in the same style as the first half. The castle then formed a quadrilateral enclosed by a second wing and, at the bottom of the court, by arcades.

Finance remained mixed with Valençay's history: among its successive owners include farmers. Valençay was sold in 1747 to the general farmer Legendre de Villemorien. He demolished a part of the buildings, preserving only the entry and the first wing. Also Scottish banker [[John Law (economist)|John Law]] purchased it.

In 1803 the castle was purchased by diplomat [[Charles Maurice de Talleyrand]]..

On 6 May 1941, [[Georges Bégué]], the first [[Special Operations Executive|SOE]] agent from England, was parachuted into a field near Valençay. Fifty years later, the [[Valençay SOE Memorial]], originally known as the "''Spirit of Partnership''," was dedicated in honour of the 104 members of SOE's F Section who died for the [[liberation of France]].
At the end of the Second World War, Valençay suffered considerable damage in August 1944 when an SS division burnt down 42 buildings and murdered 8 innocent people.<ref>https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/indre/commune/valencay/ete-1944-dans-l-indre-valencay-ville-martyre</ref>

== Design of the chateau ==
The entrance is asymmetric and features an enormous tower and a house. The wing offers a more homogeneous style but this unity is superficial and of later vintage.

== Population ==
{{Historical populations
|align = none
|cols = 2
|percentages = pagr
|source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|38699|Valençay}}</ref> and INSEE (1968–2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-36228#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
|1793 |2299
|1800 |2300
|1806 |2519
|1821 |2712
|1831 |3095
|1836 |3289
|1841 |3229
|1846 |3425
|1851 |3627
|1856 |3476
|1861 |3587
|1866 |3653
|1872 |3547
|1876 |3517
|1881 |3554
|1886 |3547
|1891 |3621
|1896 |3431
|1901 |3346
|1906 |3411
|1911 |3343
|1921 |2976
|1926 |2874
|1931 |2789
|1936 |2762
|1946 |2739
|1954 |2679
|1962 |2732
|1968 |2754
|1975 |2952
|1982 |2947
|1990 |2912
|1999 |2736
|2007 |2665
|2012 |2577
|2017 |2367
}}

==Economy==
The town is known for its pyramid-shaped [[Valençay (cheese)|Valençay cheese]] made from raw goats' milk.
The town's twin city is [[Cesano Maderno]] in [[Lombardy]], Italy
{{clear left}}

==See also==
*[[Berry (province)|Berry]]
*[[Saint-Benoît-du-Sault]]
*[[French wine]]
*[[Communes of the Indre department]]
*[[Pearl Witherington]], Resistance leader during World War II

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Valençay}}
* [http://www.valencay.fr Official website of Valençay]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070603100549/http://www.chateau-valencay.com/en/valencay/ Official website of Valençay's Castle]
* [http://www.vins-fromages-valencay.com www.vins-fromages-valencay.com -  Valençay wines and cheeses]

{{Indre communes}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Valencay}}
[[Category:Communes of Indre]]
[[Category:Berry, France]]