View source for Velar ejective stop

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨kʼ⟩ in IPA}}
{{Redirect|Kʼ|the Greenlandic letter|Kra (letter)|''[[The King of Fighters]]'' character|K'}}
{{infobox IPA
|ipa number=109 + 401
|ipa symbol=kʼ
|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x006B+0x02BC.svg
|imagesize=150px
|decimal1=107
|decimal2=700
|x-sampa=k_&gt;
}}

A '''velar ejective''' is a type of [[consonant]]al [[sound]], used in some [[Speech communication|spoken]] [[language]]s. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|kʼ}}.

==Features==
Features of a velar ejective:

{{plosive}}
{{velar}}
{{voiceless short}}
{{oral}}
{{central articulation}}
{{ejective}}

==Varieties==
{{Variations
|1-symbol=kʼ
<!--
|2-symbol=kːʼ
|2-description=Lengthened
-->
|2-symbol=kʲʼ
|2-description=[[Palatalization (phonetics)|Palatalized]]
|3-symbol=kʷʼ
|3-description=[[Labialized]]
<!--
|5-symbol=ᵑkʼ
|5-description=[[Prenasalized]]
|6-symbol=ᵑkʷʼ
|6-description=Labialized and prenasalized
-->
}}

==Occurrence==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] || {{lang|ab|[[Cyrillic script|а'''к'''ы]]}}/{{Transliteration|ab|a'''k'''y}} ||{{IPA|[akʼə]}}|| 'one' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Adyghe language|Adyghe]] || [[Temirgoy people|Temirgoy]] || {{lang|ady-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|ш'''кӏ'''э]]}}/{{lang|ady-Arab|س̈'''ڃ'''ە}}/{{Transliteration|ady|š'''č̣ʼ'''ǎ}} ||{{Audio-IPA|шкӏэ_2.ogg|[ʃkʼa]}} || 'calf' ||
|-
| [[Shapsug Adyghe dialect|Shapsug]] || {{lang|ady-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''кӏь'''э]]}} / {{lang|ady-Arab|'''ڃ'''یە}} / {{Transliteration|ady|'''č̣'''yė}} ||{{Audio-IPA|кӏьэ.ogg|[kʲʼa]}} || 'tail' || Palatalized. Corresponds to {{IPA|[t͡ʃʼ]}} in other dialects.<ref name="palru">[https://publications.hse.ru/pubs/share/folder/obuug0f8yu/112698683.pdf Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Amharic language|Amharic]] || {{lang|am|[[Ge'ez script|ቀን]]}}/ḳän ||{{Audio-IPA|ቀን qen.wav|[kʼɜn]}}|| 'day' ||
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Archi language|Archi]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Archi Language Tutorial|url=https://www.archi.surrey.ac.uk/handout.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121902/http://www.archi.surrey.ac.uk/handout.pdf|archive-date=2015-04-02|access-date=2021-05-01|website=}}</ref>|| {{lang|aqc|[[Cyrillic script|'''кI'''ан]]}}/{{Transliteration|aqc|'''k{{`}}'''an}} ||{{IPA|[kʼan]}}|| 'bottom' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Armenian language|Armenian]] || Yerevan dialect<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Dum-Tragut|2009|pp=17–18}}</ref>|| {{lang|hy|[[Armenian alphabet|'''կ'''եղծ]]}}/{{Transliteration|hy|'''k'''ekhts}} ||{{IPA|[kʼɛʁt͡sʼ]}} || 'false'|| Some speakers. Corresponds to [[Tenuis consonant|tenuis]] {{IPA|[k⁼]}} in most speakers and other [[Eastern Armenian|Eastern]] dialects.
|-
|Tbilisi dialect
|{{lang|hy|'''կ'''արմիր}}/{{Transliteration|hy|karmir}}
|[kʼɑɹmiɹ]
|'red'
|
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Avar language|Avar]] || {{lang|av|[[Cyrillic script|'''кӀ'''ул]]}} / {{lang|av-Arab|'''گ'''ۇل}} / {{Transliteration|av|'''ḳ'''ul}} ||{{IPA|[kʼuɫ]}}|| 'key' ||
|-
|colspan=2 | [[Chechen language|Chechen]] || {{lang|ce|[[Cyrillic script|'''кӀ'''ант]]}}/{{Transliteration|ce|'''kh'''ant}}/{{lang|ce-Arab|'''ࢰ'''انت}} ||{{IPA|[kʼənt]}} || 'boy'||
|-
|colspan=2 | [[Damin]] || '''''k''''uu'' ||{{IPA|[kʼuː]}} || 'eye'||
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[English language|English]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Wells|Colson|1971|p=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ejectives in English {{!}} Linguism {{!}} Linguistics, Pronunciation and Phonetics|url=http://www.linguism.co.uk/language/ejectives-in-english|date=21 August 2008|access-date=11 February 2015}}</ref> || [[Hiberno-English|Non-local Dublin]]<ref name="unidue">{{cite web|title=Glossary|url=https://www.uni-due.de/vcde/VCDE_Glossary.htm#GlossE|access-date=11 February 2015}}</ref> || rowspan="4" | [[English orthography|''ba'''ck''''']] || rowspan="4" | {{IPA|[bækʼ]}} || rowspan="4" | 'back' || Allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} for some speakers.<ref name="unidue"/>
|-
| [[Northern England English|Northern English]]<ref name="cruttenden">{{Harvcoltxt|Cruttenden|2008|p=167}}</ref><ref name="wellsaoe">{{Harvcoltxt|Wells|1982|p=261}}</ref><ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Gimson|1970|p=34}}</ref> || rowspan="2" | Pre-pausal allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} for some speakers;<ref name="wellsaoe"/> may be somewhat palatalised. See [[English phonology]]
|-
| [[English in southern England|Southern English]]<ref name="unidue"/><ref name="cruttenden"/><ref name="wellsaoe"/>
|-
| [[Scottish English|Scottish]]<ref name="mcss2013">{{Harvcoltxt|McCarthy|Stuart-Smith|2013}}</ref> || Occasional word-final allophone of {{IPA|/k/}}.<ref name="mcss2013"/>
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Georgian language|Georgian]] || {{lang|ka|[[Georgian scripts|'''კ'''აბა]]}}/{{Transliteration|ka|'''kʼ'''aba}} ||{{IPA|[kʼɑbɑ]}}|| 'dress'||
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Haida language|Haida]] || {{lang|hai|ttsans'''kk'''aagid}} || {{IPA|[tsʼanskʼaːkit]}} || 'beams'||
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Hausa language|Hausa]] || {{Lang|ha|[[Hausa language#Writing systems|'''ƙ'''o'''ƙ'''ari]]}} / {{lang|ha-Arab|'''ࢼُ'''وْ'''ࢼَ'''رِی}} || {{IPA|[kʼòːkʼɐ̄ɾī]}}|| 'effort'||
|-
|[[Kabardian language|Kabardian]] || [[Besleney Kabardian dialect|Besleney]] || {{lang|kbd-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''кӏь'''апсэ]]}} / {{lang|kbd-Arab|'''ࢰ'''السە}} / {{lang|kbd-Latn|'''ć'''apse}} ||{{Audio-IPA|Кӏьапсэ.ogg|[kʲʼaːpsa]}} || 'rope' || Palatalized. Corresponds to {{IPA|[t͡ʃʼ]}} in other dialects.<ref name="palru" />
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Kʼicheʼ language|Kʼicheʼ]] || {{lang|quc|[[Kʼicheʼ language#Orthography|'''k{{`}}'''a'''k{{`}}''']]}} || {{IPA|[kʼaːkʼ]}} || 'new' ||
|-
|colspan=2 | [[Lak language|Lak]] || {{lang|lbe|[[Cyrillic script|'''кӀ'''лла]]}}/{{Transliteration|lbe|'''ⱪ'''alla}}/{{lang|lbe-Arab|'''ࢰ'''الّا}} ||{{IPA|[kʼalːa]}} || 'rootless, foreign'<ref>лакско-русский словарь [https://cathedra.dgu.ru/Content/files/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A1_%D0%9C__%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C.pdf Link]</ref>||
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Lezgian language|Lezgian]] || {{lang|lez-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''кI'''ир]]}}/{{Transliteration|lez|'''k{{`}}'''ir}} ||{{IPA|[kʼir]}} || 'fang' || 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Mpade language|Mpade]]{{sfnp|Allison|2006}} || {{lang|mpi|ta'''kʼ'''wa}} || {{IPA|[takʼʷa]}} || 'to vomit' ||
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Navajo language|Navajo]]
|{{lang|nv|'''k{{`}}'''os}}
|{{IPA|[kʼòs]}}
|'cloud'
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Ossetian language|Ossetian]]
|[[Iron Ossetian|Iron]]
|{{lang|os-Cyrl|'''къ'''она}}/{{lang|os-Latn|'''kh'''ona}}
|{{IPA|[ˈkʼonä]}}
|'hearth'
|
|-
|[[Digor Ossetian|Digoron]]
|{{lang|os-Cyrl|дзæ'''къ'''олæ}}/{{lang|os-Latn|dzæ'''kh'''olæ}}
|{{IPA|[d͡zəˈkʼoɫə]}}
|'bag'
|
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Quechuan languages|Quechua]] || {{lang|qu|[[Quechua alphabet|'''k{{`}}'''aspi]]}} || {{IPA|[kʼaspi]}} || 'stick' ||
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Saanich dialect|Saanich]]<ref>{{citation |last=Leonard |first=Janet |journal=Working Papers of the Linguistics Circle |title=Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship between Morphology and Phonology in SENĆOŦEN (Saanich) |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=141–152 |date=2009 |url=https://journals.uvic.ca/index.php/WPLC/article/view/5658 |issn=1920-440X}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last1=Bird |first1=Sonya |last2=Leonard |first2=Janet |title=Universality of Articulatory Conflict Resolution: Evidence from Salish Languages |year=2009 |journal=Northwest Journal of Linguistics |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=1–29 |url=https://www.sfu.ca/nwjl/Articles/V003_N02/BirdLeonardConflictResolution.pdf}}</ref> 
|colspan=3| {{example needed|date=October 2025}}
| Labialized
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Sotho language|Sotho]]
|colspan=4| {{example needed|date=September 2023}}
|}

==See also==
* [[List of phonetics topics]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{citation
|editor-last=Cruttenden
|editor-first=Alan
|year=2008
|title=Gimson's Pronunciation of English
|publisher=Hodder
|publication-place=London
|edition=7th
|isbn=978-0340958773
}}
*{{citation
|last=Dum-Tragut
|first=Jasmine
|year=2009
|title=Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian
|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company
|place=Amsterdam
}}
* {{citation
|last=Gimson
|first=Alfred C.
|author-link=Alfred C. Gimson
|year=1970
|title=An Introduction to the pronunciation of English
|publication-place=London
|publisher=Edward Arnold
}}
* {{citation 
|last1=Wells
|first1=John C.
|last2=Colson
|first2=Greta
|title=Practical Phonetics
|publication-place=London
|publisher=Pitman
|year=1971
|isbn=0-273-43949-9
}}
* {{citation 
|last=Wells
|first=John C. 
|title=Accents of English I: An Introduction
|publication-place=Cambridge, New York 
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|year=1982 
|isbn=0-521-29719-2 
}}
* {{citation
|last=Allison
|first=Sean
|date=2006 
|title=Alphabet et orthographe de Kotoko de Makary (mpadɨ) (Makary Kotoko Orthography Statement) 
|publisher=SIL
|url=http://www.silcam.org/resources/archives/32321
}}

==External links==
* {{phoible|kʼ}}

{{IPA navigation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Velar Ejective}}
[[Category:Velar consonants]]
[[Category:Ejectives]]
[[Category:Oral consonants]]
[[Category:Central consonants]]