View source for Venera 2MV-1 No.1

{{Short description|Soviet spacecraft launched 1962}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name                = 2MV-1 No.1
| image               = Sputnik19.gif
| image_caption       = 
| mission_type        = [[Venus]] lander
| operator            = [[OKB-1]]
| Harvard_designation = 1962 Alpha Pi 1<ref name="GSP" />
| COSPAR_ID           = 1962-040A
| SATCAT              = 372
| mission_duration    = Launch failure
| spacecraft_type     = [[2MV-1]]
| manufacturer        = [[OKB-1]]
| dry_mass            = 
| launch_mass         = {{convert|890|kg}}
| power               = [[watt]]s
| launch_date         = {{start-date|25 August 1962, 02:18:45|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC
| launch_rocket       = [[Molniya (rocket)|Molniya]] 8K78 {{nowrap|[[serial number|s/n]] T103-12}}
| launch_site         = [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Gagarin's Start|1/5]]
| launch_contractor   = 
| decay_date          = {{end-date|28 August 1962}}
| orbit_epoch         = {{start-date|25 August 1962}}
| orbit_reference     = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime        = [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]] (achieved)<br/>[[Heliocentric orbit|Heliocentric]] (intended)
| orbit_periapsis     = {{convert|168|km|mi}}
| orbit_apoapsis      = {{convert|221|km|mi}}
| orbit_eccentricity  = 0.00403
| orbit_inclination   = 64.9&nbsp;degrees
| orbit_period        = 88.71&nbsp;minutes
| apsis               = gee
| programme           = [[Venera program|Venera]]
| previous_mission    = [[Venera 1]]
| next_mission        = [[Venera 2MV-1 No.2]]
}}

'''Venera 2MV-1 No.1''',<ref name="LL"/><ref name="GSP"/> also known as '''Sputnik 19''' in the West, was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the [[Venera]] programme.

Due to a problem with its upper stage it failed to leave [[low Earth orbit]], and reentered the atmosphere a few days later.<ref name="EA">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/v/venera.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211054357/http://www.astronautix.com/v/venera.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 December 2016|title=Venera|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=28 July 2010}}</ref> It was the first of two [[Venera 2MV-1]] spacecraft, both of which failed to leave Earth orbit.<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/venera-2mv-1.htm|title=Venera (2a), (2b) (2MV-1 #1, 2)|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=28 July 2010}}</ref>

== Launch ==

Venera 2MV-1 No.1 was launched at 02:18:45 UTC on 25 August 1962, atop a [[Molniya (rocket)|Molniya]] 8K78 carrier rocket flying from [[Gagarin's Start|Site 1/5]] at the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]].<ref name="LL">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=28 July 2010}}</ref> The first three stages of the rocket operated nominally, injecting the fourth stage and payload into a [[low Earth orbit]]. The fourth stage then coasted until one hour and fifty seconds after launch, when it fired its [[ullage motor]]s in preparation for ignition. One of the ullage motors failed to fire, and when the main engine ignited for a four-minute burn to place the spacecraft into [[heliocentric orbit]], the stage began to tumble out of control. Forty-five seconds later, its engine cut off, leaving the spacecraft stranded in Earth orbit.<ref name="EA-R7">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/m/mars2mv-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228033221/http://astronautix.com/m/mars2mv-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 December 2016|title=Soyuz|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=7 November 2019}}</ref> It reentered the atmosphere on 28 August 1962, three days after it had been launched.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|title=Satellite Catalog|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=28 July 2010}}</ref><ref name="GSP" />

== Spacecraft designation ==

The designations Sputnik 23,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-040A|title=Sputnik 19|website=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|access-date=28 July 2010|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417040213/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-040A|url-status=dead}}</ref> and later Sputnik 19 was used by the United States [[Naval Space Command]] to identify the spacecraft in its [[Satellite Situation Summary]] documents, since the Soviet Union did not release the internal designations of its spacecraft at that time, and had not assigned it an official name due to its failure to depart [[geocentric orbit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filer.case.edu/~sjr16/advanced/20th_soviet_sputnik.html|title=Soviet Craft - Sputnik|last=Robbins|first=Stuart J.|date=11 January 2006|publisher=Journey Through The Galaxy|access-date=28 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204083216/http://filer.case.edu/~sjr16/advanced/20th_soviet_sputnik.html|archive-date=4 February 2009}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[List of missions to Venus]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Venera}}
{{Orbital launches in 1962}}

[[Category:Venera program]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 1962]]
[[Category:2MV]]


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