View source for Vietnamese Fatherland Front

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{{Infobox political party
| name             = Vietnam Fatherland Front
| native_name      = Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam
| native_name_lang = vi
| governing_body   = Central Committee
| abbreviation     = VFF<br/>MTTQVN
| logo             = Biểu_trưng_Mặt_trận_Tổ_quốc_Việt_Nam.svg
| logo_size        = 
| colorcode        = {{Party color|Vietnamese Fatherland Front}}
| chairman         = [[Bùi Thị Minh Hoài]]
| secretary_general = Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà
| foundation       = {{Start date|df=y|1977|02}}
| dissolution      = 
| ideology         = {{Plainlist|
* [[Communism]]
* [[Marxism–Leninism]]
* [[Ho Chi Minh Thought]]
* [[Vietnamese nationalism]]
}}
| merger           = {{Plainlist|
* {{Flagicon|North Vietnam}} ([[North Vietnam|North]]) Vietnam Fatherland Front
* {{Flagicon|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[National Liberation Front of South Vietnam]]
* {{Flagicon image|ANDPFV flag.svg}} [[Alliance of National, Democratic, and Peace Forces]]
}}
| predecessor      = {{Flagicon|North Vietnam|1945}} [[Viet Minh|League for Independence of Vietnam]]
| headquarters     = [[Hanoi]]
| position         = [[Left-wing politics|Left wing]]
| religion         = 
| international    = 
| newspaper        = 
| colors           = 
| slogan           = 
| seats1_title     = [[National Assembly of Vietnam|National Assembly]]
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|479|500|{{party color|Vietnamese Fatherland Front}}}}
| flag             = 
| website          = [http://mattran.org.vn/ mattran.org.vn]
| country          = Vietnam
}}
{{Politics of Vietnam}}
[[File:Central Committee of Vietnam Fatherland Front.jpg|thumb|The building of the Central Committee of Vietnam Fatherland Front on Tràng Thi Street in [[Hanoi]].]]

The '''Vietnam Fatherland Front''' ('''VFF''', alternatively '''Vietnamese Fatherland Front'''; {{langx|vi|Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam}}) is constitutionally an integral component in the [[political structure]] of the [[Vietnam|Socialist Republic of Vietnam]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 27, 2024 |title=Charter of the Vietnam Fatherland Front |url=https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Bo-may-hanh-chinh/Dieu-le-Mat-tran-To-quoc-Viet-Nam-2019-524844.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527033008/https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Bo-may-hanh-chinh/Dieu-le-Mat-tran-To-quoc-Viet-Nam-2019-524844.aspx?anchor=dieu_27 |archive-date=May 27, 2024}}</ref> and an umbrella group of [[Common front|mass movements]] and [[political coalition]] aligned with the [[Communist Party of Vietnam]] that dominates the [[National Assembly of Vietnam]], forming the [[Government of Vietnam]] and all recognised national [[Power (social and political)|socio-political]] organisations. 

It was founded in February 1977 by the merger of the Vietnam Fatherland Front of [[North Vietnam]] and the two so-called "Viet Cong" [[popular front]]s, the [[National Liberation Front of South Vietnam]] and the [[:vi:Liên minh các Lực lượng Dân tộc, Dân chủ và Hòa bình Việt Nam|Alliance of National, Democratic and Peace Forces]], in [[South Vietnam]]. It is considered the modern incarnation of the [[Viet Minh|League for the Independence of Vietnam]] (Viet Minh). It is an amalgamation of many smaller groups, including the Communist Party itself. Other groups that participated in the establishment of the Front are the [[Vietnam General Confederation of Labour]], the [[Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union]] ({{a.k.a.}} the Ho Chi Minh Youth) and the [[Ho Chi Minh Young Pioneer Organization]]. It also included the [[Democratic Party of Vietnam]] and [[Socialist Party of Vietnam]], until they disbanded in 1988.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Van|first1=Dang|title=The Rebirth of the Democratic Party of Vietnam and a basic principle of constitutionalism|url=http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Soc/soc.culture.vietnamese/2006-06/msg00398.html|website=newsgroups.derkeiler.com|publisher=derkeiler|access-date=4 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110801/http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Soc/soc.culture.vietnamese/2006-06/msg00398.html|archive-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref>

The Front is described by the Vietnamese government as "the political base of people's power." It is intended to have a significant role in society, promoting "national solidarity" and "unity of mind in political and spiritual matters."

Many of the government's social programs are conducted through the Front. Recently, it has been given a role in programs of [[poverty]] reduction. The Front is also responsible for much of the government's policy on [[religion]]: 

{{Poemquote|1. Everyone has freedom of beliefs and religions, he or she has the right to follow a religion or not to follow any religion. All religions are equal before the law.

2. The state respects and protects freedom of beliefs and religions.

3. No one should violate freedom of beliefs and religions or take advantage of beliefs and religions to infringe the law.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dr Le Ba Trinh |title=Vice President of Central Committee's Fatherland Front of Vietnam |url=https://classic.iclrs.org/content/events/123/3448.pdf |publisher=International Center for Law and Religion Studies |access-date=23 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Article 24. Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam 2013 |date=2014 |publisher=National Politics – Truth |location=Hanoi |pages=17–18}}</ref>
}}

Virtually, the Front is intended to supervise the activity of the government and of government organisations. Because the Front's power base is mass participation and popular mobilisation, it is seen as representative of the people, and both [[Constitution of Vietnam|the Constitution]] and laws give it a special role.

== Leadership ==

=== Secretaries General ===
* [[Nguyễn Văn Tiến]] (1977–1988)
* [[Phạm Văn Kiết]] (1988–1994)
* [[Trần Văn Đăng]] (1994–2004)
* [[Huỳnh Đảm]] (2004–2008)
* [[Vũ Trọng Kim]] (2008–2016)
* [[Trần Thanh Mẫn]] (2016–2018)
* [[Hầu A Lềnh]] (2018–2021)
* [[Lê Tiến Châu]] (2021–2023)
* [[Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà]] (from 2023)

=== Chair ===
* [[Hoàng Quốc Việt]] (1977–1983)
* [[Huỳnh Tấn Phát]] (1983–1988)
* [[Nguyễn Hữu Thọ]] (1988–1994)
* [[Lê Quang Đạo]] (1994–1999)
* [[Phạm Thế Duyệt]] (1999–2008)
* [[Huỳnh Đảm]] (2008–2013)
* [[Nguyễn Thiện Nhân]] (2013–2017)
* [[Trần Thanh Mẫn]] (2017–2021)
* [[Đỗ Văn Chiến]] (2021–2025)
* [[Bùi Thị Minh Hoài]] (from 2025)

== Former Front organisations ==
[[File:Tôn Đức Thắng.jpg|thumb|[[Tôn Đức Thắng]] giving the opening speech at the founding of the Vietnam Fatherland Front in 1955.]]
* [[Viet Minh|League for the Independence of Vietnam]] (Việt Minh) founded by [[Hồ Chí Minh]] on 19 May 1941.
* [[Democratic  Party of Vietnam]]. Founded 30 July 1944, dissolved 20 October 1988.
* [[Vietnamese National Popular League]] (Hội Liên hiệp Quốc dân Việt Nam or Liên Việt), founded on 29 May 1946. Head of the League: [[Huỳnh Thúc Kháng]] (1946–1947), [[Bùi Bằng Đoàn]] (1947–1951). 
* [[Socialist Party of Vietnam]]. Founded 22 July 1946, dissolved 22 July 1988.
* [[Vietnamese National Popular Front]] (Mặt trận Liên Việt), founded in 1951, merger of Viet Minh and Lien Viet. Chairman: [[Tôn Đức Thắng]].
* Vietnam Fatherland Front (Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam), founded in 1955 and replaced the Vietnamese National Popular Front. Chairman: [[Tôn Đức Thắng]].
* [[Viet Cong|National Liberation Front of South Vietnam]], founded on 20 December 1960. Chairman: [[Nguyễn Hữu Thọ]].
* [[Alliance of National, Democratic, and Peace Forces]] of Vietnam, founded on 20 April 1968. Chairman: [[Trịnh Đình Thảo]].

== Electoral history ==

=== National Assembly elections ===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!Election
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Seats'''
!'''+/–'''
!'''Position'''
!'''Role in government'''
|-
|[[1960 North Vietnamese legislative election|1960]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|421|421|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 421
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1964 North Vietnamese legislative election|1964]]
|8,580,002
|100%
|{{Composition bar|366|366|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{decrease}} 55 
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1971 North Vietnamese legislative election|1971]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|420|420|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 54
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1975 North Vietnamese legislative election|1975]]
|10,561,314
|100%
|{{Composition bar|424|424|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 4
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1976 Vietnamese legislative election|1976]]
|22,895,611
|100%
|{{Composition bar|492|492|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 68
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1981 Vietnamese legislative election|1981]]
|
|100%
|{{Composition bar|496|496|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 4
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1987 Vietnamese legislative election|1987]]
|
|100%
|{{Composition bar|496|496|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{steady}}
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1992 Vietnamese legislative election|1992]]
|37,195,592
|100%
|{{Composition bar|395|395|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{decrease}} 101
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1997 Vietnamese legislative election|1997]]
|43,185,756
|100%
|{{Composition bar|450|450|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 55
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[2002 Vietnamese legislative election|2002]]
|49,211,275
|100%
|{{Composition bar|498|498|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 48
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[2007 Vietnamese legislative election|2007]]
|
|100%
|{{Composition bar|493|493|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{decrease}} 5 
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[2011 Vietnamese legislative election|2011]]
|61,965,651
|100%
|{{Composition bar|500|500|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 7
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[2016 Vietnamese legislative election|2016]]
|67,049,091
|100%
|{{Composition bar|494|494|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{decrease}} 6
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[2021 Vietnamese legislative election|2021]]
|69,243,604
|100%
|{{Composition bar|499|499|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 5
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.mattran.org.vn/}} (in Vietnamese)
*''[https://archive.org/details/thirdcongressvff Third Congress of the Viet Nam Fatherland Front (Documents)]'', held in December 1971

{{Vietnamese political parties}}
{{Vietnam topics}}
{{French Colonial Architecture in Vietnam}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1977 establishments in Vietnam]]
[[Category:Communist Party of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1977]]
[[Category:Political party alliances in Vietnam]]
[[Category:Popular fronts of communist states]]