View source for Viveiro

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Expand Spanish|topic=geo|Viveiro|date=February 2011}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name            = Viveiro
| native_name     = 
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
| image_skyline   = Viveiro e a sua ria (9581685985).jpg
| imagesize       = 
| image_alt       = 
| image_caption   = Panoramic view
| image_flag      = Flag of Viveiro.svg
| flag_size       = 
| flag_alt        = 
| image_shield    = Coat of Arms of Viveiro.svg
| shield_size     = 
| shield_alt      = 
| nickname        = 
| motto           = 
| image_map          = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=285|frame-height=180|frame-align=center|frame-coordinates={{Coord|39.8|N|3.7|W}}|zoom=4|type=point|title=Viveiro|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|text=Interactive map of Viveiro.}}
|map_caption              = Location of Viveiro
| pushpin_map = Spain Galicia # Spain
| coordinates     = {{coord|43|38|53|N|7|35|24|W|region:ES-CT_type:city|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = Spain
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Community]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Galicia, Spain|Galicia]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[province of Lugo|Lugo]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Comarcas of Galicia|Comarca]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[A Mariña Occidental]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 
| leader_party = 
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = María Loureiro García
| area_footnotes = 
| area_total_km2 = 109.3
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m = 12
| population_as_of = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population_footnotes =  {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Viveirenses
| population_note = 
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1 = +1
| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 27850
| area_code_type = 
| area_code = 
| website = {{official website|http://www.viveiro.es}}
| footnotes = 
}}

'''Viveiro''' ({{IPA|gl|biˈβejɾʊ}}; {{langx|es|Vivero}} {{IPA|es|biˈβeɾo|}}) is a town and municipality in the province of [[province of Lugo|Lugo]], in the autonomous community of [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], [[Spain]]. It belongs to the [[Comarcas of Galicia|comarca]] of [[A Mariña Occidental]]. It borders on the [[Cantabrian Sea]], to the west of [[Xove]] and to the east of [[O Vicedo]]. It has a residential population of over 16,000 (2010 figures), which however triples in the summer months with visitors to the coastal region.

== Geography and location ==
The climate is mild [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]].

The municipality encompasses the township of Viveiro itself (the main population centre on the Lugo coast), and also the towns of [[Covas, Viveiro|Covas]] and [[Celeiro]]. More than half of the municipality's population live in these three centres.

Viveiro municipality is subdivided into several administrative areas (''parroquias'', or [[parish]]es): Area-Faro, Boimente, Chavín, Galdo, Landrove, Magazos, San Pedro, Valcarría, Celeiro, Vieiro, Covas and Viveiro.

[[File:Porta CarlosV 11103TM.jpg|thumb|180px|left|Carlos V Gate.]]

== Main sights ==
The old wall, of which only parts remain today, was built to protect the inhabitants from attacks or from the [[Bubonic plague|plague]]. The remains of the wall, which succumbed to modernity in spite of its importance and simplicity, are visible in the old part of the city although the remains are situated near small modern buildings. In spite of everything three of the wall's original gates survive: Vila, Valado, with a Romanesque style, and Castelo da Ponte, also called the gate of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Carlos V]], that is the emblem of Viveiro. This door has the sculpted imperial arms of the monarch, the original arms of the kingdom, and the arms of the city.

Some of the mansions of the city's noble families still exist, such as the gunsmith's house sculpted in stone. Religious buildings include the monastery of the Concepcion, which was founded by María das Alas Pumariño (died 1601), and the chapel of Ecce Homo, also called the chapel of Pity, which Rodrigo Alonso Alfeirán (died 1608) paid for.

The city is home to several [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] historical buildings. These include the churches of San Pedro, Santa María, and San Francisco. The bridge over the river [[Landro (Galicia)|Landro]] dates back to the medieval era too.

== Festivities ==
The calendar of Viveiro holds several festivals, both secular and religious.

=== Carnival ===
Viveiro's is the oldest Carnival in Galicia. It is celebrated during the four days before [[Lent]], from Saturday until [[Shrove Tuesday]]. It concludes on Tuesday with a great procession of floats through the streets.

=== Holy Week ===
{{Main|Holy Week in Viveiro}}
The [[Holy Week in Viveiro]] is one of the most important Holy Week celebrations in Galicia and it is also considered as a [[Fiestas of International Tourist Interest of Spain|Fiesta of International Tourist Interest of Spain]] since 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Viveiro celebra que su Semana Santa sea de Interés Turístico Internacional|url=http://www.laregion.es/noticia/250544/viveiro/celebra/semana/santa/interes/turistico/internacional/|publisher=La Región|access-date=18 April 2013|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701095859/http://www.laregion.es/noticia/250544/viveiro/celebra/semana/santa/interes/turistico/internacional/|archive-date=1 July 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Vivero has a great number of cofradías such as the [[Virgin of the Rosario]], the [[Christ of the Piety]], the [[Seven Last Words of Jesus|Seven Last Words]] and {{ill|Hermandad de la Santa Cruz (Vivero)|es|lt=the Holy Cross}}. The city is also home to processions such as the Encounter that show the Calvary of Christ with religious images, the Unnailed and St. Funeral that show the descent of the Cross to continue with the procession of St. Funeral, the [[Last Supper]] with the pasos of the supper, Horto, [[Ecce Homo]], the Nazarene and [[Our Lady of Sorrows]] - Sufferings, the Passion, the Seven Words, the Piety and the Virgin at the foot of the Cross, a silent procession.

=== Rapa das Bestas ===
{{Main|Rapa das Bestas}}
This festivity takes place the first Sunday of July except that the first of July coincides on Sunday then it celebrates the second Sunday in the [[Buio Mountains]]. It is an old tradition according to which people cut the horsehairs, brand the horses and break in them.

=== Patronal feasts ===
It celebrates on 15 August in [[Saint Roque]] and the Virgin's honour.

=== The pilgrimage of Naseiro (The pilgrimage of the good meal) ===
[[File:ViveiroPortaMaior.jpeg|thumb|180px|Porta Maior]]
[[File:viveromuelle.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Ría de Viveiro]]

It celebrates the fourth Sunday of August.

=== Saint James' day ===
It celebrates on 25 July at the [[Port of Celeiro]] with a marine procession through the estuary of Viveiro.

=== Others ===
In the end of July or in the beginning of August, a music festival called [[Resurrection Fest]], focused on [[Heavy metal music|metal]], [[Hardcore punk|hardcore]] and [[Punk rock|punk]] is held in the city since 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.resurrection-fest.com/ |title=Web oficial RESURRECTION FEST |publisher=Resurrection-fest.com |access-date=2013-10-12}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
* [[Gómez Pérez das Mariñas]] (1539–1593), politician, diplomat and military officer, colonial governor of the Philippines 
* [[Nicomedes Pastor Díaz]] (1811–1863), politician and Romantic writer
* [[Antón Vilar Ponte]] (1881–1936), writer and politician<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.galegos.info/es/anton-villar-ponte|title=Galegos - Antón Villar Ponte |access-date=17 October 2010 |author= Galegos.info}}</ref>
* [[Jesús Cora y Lira]] (1890–1969), admiral and Carlist politician
* [[Maruja Mallo]] (1902–1995), surrealist painter<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.elpais.com/articulo/cultura/espigas/surrealistas/Maruja/Mallo/elpepucul/20100127elpepucul_6/Tes|title=Las espigas surrealistas de Maruja Mallo |access-date=17 October 2010 |author= El País}}</ref>
* [[Lois Tobío Fernández]] (1906–2003), journalist and philologist
* [[Carlos Oroza]] (born 1933–2015), poet<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.xornal.com/artigo/2010/01/17/suplementos/contexto/carlos-oroza-poesia-no-vocacion-fatalidad-escoge-victimas/2010011700461400203.html|title= Carlos Oroza: "La literatura gallega no fue hospitalaria conmigo"|access-date= 17 October 2010|author= Xornal de Galicia|editor= xornal.com|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100121145756/http://www.xornal.com/artigo/2010/01/17/suplementos/contexto/carlos-oroza-poesia-no-vocacion-fatalidad-escoge-victimas/2010011700461400203.html|archive-date= 21 January 2010|url-status= dead|df= dmy-all}}</ref>

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain}}
===Twin towns – sister cities===
Viveiro is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Viveiro y Lannion celebran los diez años de hermanamiento|url=https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/amarina/2005/05/05/viveiro-lannion-celebran-diez-anos-hermanamiento/0003_3699973.htm|publisher=La Voz de Galicia|language=es|date=2005-05-05|access-date=2023-11-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Viveiro y La Habana Vieja sellaron ayer oficialmente su hermanamiento|url=https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/amarina/2001/11/13/viveiro-habana-vieja-sellaron-ayer-oficialmente-hermanamiento/0003_831792.htm|publisher=La Voz de Galicia|language=es|date=2001-11-13|access-date=2023-11-13}}</ref> 
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lannion]], France
*{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Old Havana|Old Havana (Havana)]], Cuba
*{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Perth]], [[Australia]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Viveiro}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060926035731/http://www.porto-ferrolsanciprian.com/asp/index.asp?idIdioma=3 Ferrol-San Cibrao Port Authority] {{in lang|en}}

{{Ferrol-San Cibrao}}
{{Andrade Lands}}
{{Lugo (province)}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities in the Province of Lugo]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns on the Spanish Atlantic coast]]