View source for Vladimir K. Zworykin

{{Short description|Russian-American engineer (1888–1982)}}

{{Infobox engineer
| name        = Vladimir K. Zworykin
| image       = Zworykin docgrab.jpg
| caption     = Vladimir Zworykin, {{circa|1956}}
| birth_name  = Vladimir Kosmich Zworykin
| birth_date  = 1888 or 1889{{efn|name=birthdate}}
| birth_place = [[Murom]], [[Vladimir Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date  = {{death date|1982|7|29}} (aged 92–94)
| death_place = [[Princeton, New Jersey]], U.S.
| death_cause = 
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| residence   = 
| citizenship = Russian, American
| other_names = 
| education   = [[Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology]]<br />[[ESPCI]]<br />[[University of Pittsburgh]] (PhD)
| employer    = 
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| title       = 
| salary      = 
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| height      = 
| weight      = 
| term        = 
| predecessor = 
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| spouse      = Tatiana Vasilieff (m. 1915) 2nd wife Katherine Polevitsky (m. 1951)
| partner     = 
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| footnotes   = 
| significant_projects = [[Television]], [[Electron Microscope]]
| significant_design = [[Iconoscope]], [[Photomultiplier]]
| significant_advance = Inventor of the [[kinescope]] and other components of early [[television]] technology 
| significant_awards   = [[IRE Medal of Honor]], 1951, [[IEEE Edison Medal]], 1952
}}

'''Vladimir Kosma Zworykin'''{{efn|name=name|{{langx|ru|Влади́мир Козьми́ч Зворы́кин|translit=Vladimir Koz'mich Zvorykin}};<ref>{{cite sign |title=[[c:File:Муром школа 16 памятная табличка.JPG|Владимир Козьмич Зворыкин]] |type=Plaque outside school |location=[[Murom]], Russia |publisher=Murom School No. 16 }}</ref> or with the patronymic as ''Kosmich''; or {{langx|ru|Кузьмич|translit=Kuz'mich|label=none}}.<ref name="bse">{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Большая Советская Энциклопедия ([[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]) |lang=ru |edition=3rd |year=1972 |title=Зворыкин Владимир Кузьмич |url=http://bse.sci-lib.com/article045085.html |quote='''Зворыкин''' (Zworykin) Владимир Кузьмич (р.30.7.1889, Муром, ныне Владимирской области)...}}</ref> Zworykin anglicized his name to '''''Vladimir Kosma Zworykin''''',<ref>{{cite book |page=iv |title=Photocells and their application |edition=2nd |last1=Zworykin |first1=Vladimir Kosma |last2=Wilson |first2=Earl DeWitt |year=1934 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |location=New York |hdl=2027/wu.89074766767?urlappend=%3Bseq=8 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89074766767?urlappend=%3Bseq=8 |via=HathiTrust}}</ref><ref name="britannica" /> replacing the [[Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs#Patronymics|patronymic]] with the name ''Kosma'' as a [[middle name]], and using the nonstandard transliteration ''Zworykin''.<ref name="bse" /> }} (1888/1889{{efn|name=birthdate|Zworykin himself stated his birth date inconsistently (even after accounting for [[Old Style and New Style dates]]) as various days of June or July, 1888 or 1889.{{r|Abramson 1995|p=212}} Other sources show various similar birth dates.<ref>The birth year is 1888 according to the {{ill|metrical book|ru|Метрическая книга}} (similar to a [[parish register]]) of Sretenskaya Church of the town of [[Murom]] (later placed in the archive of Murom ZAGS). The metrical book was brought into attention by V. Ya. Chernushev. The birth date of Zworykin was revised by K. M. Velembovskaya, journal "Новая и новейшая история" (Modern and Contemporary History) № 5 2009.</ref><ref name="nytimes-obit" /><ref name="britannica" /><ref name="bse" />}}{{spaced ndash}}July 29, 1982<ref name="nytimes-obit">{{cite news |title=Vladimir Zworykin, Television Pioneer, Dies at 92 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/01/obituaries/vladimir-zworykin-television-pioneer-dies-at-92.html |quote=Dr. Vladimir Kosma Zworykin, a Russian-born scientist whose achievements were pivotal to the development of television, died Thursday [i.e., July 29, 1982] at the Princeton (N.J.) Medical Center. He was 92 years old and lived in Princeton. ... Dr. Zworykin was born July 30, 1889, in the small town of Murom on the Oka River... |work=The New York Times |date=August 1, 1982 |access-date=November 2, 2022 |last=Thomas |first=Robert McG. Jr. |author-link=Robert McG. Thomas Jr. |at=sec. 1, p. 32}}</ref>) was a Russian-American inventor, engineer, and pioneer of [[television]] technology. Zworykin invented a television transmitting and receiving system employing [[cathode-ray tube]]s. He played a role in the practical development of television from the early thirties, including charge storage-type tubes, [[infrared]] image tubes and the [[electron microscope]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Oral-History:Vladimir_Zworykin |title=Vladimir Zworykin Oral History |author=IEEE Global History Network |year=2011 |publisher=IEEE History Center |access-date=8 July 2011}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Vladimir Zworykin was born in [[Murom]], Russia, in 1888 or 1889, to the family of a prosperous [[merchant|merchants]]. He had a relatively calm upbringing, and he rarely saw his father except on religious holidays.

He studied at the [[St. Petersburg Institute of Technology]], under [[Boris Rosing]]. He helped Rosing with experimental work on television in the basement of Rosing's private lab at the School of Artillery of [[Saint Petersburg]].  They worked on the problem of "electrical telescopy," something Zworykin had never heard of before.  At this time, electrical telescopy (or television as it was later called) was just a dream.  Zworykin did not know that others had been studying the idea since the 1880s, or that Professor Rosing had been working on it in secret since 1902 and had made excellent progress. Rosing had filed his first patent on a television system in 1907, featuring a very early [[cathode-ray tube]] as a receiver, and a mechanical device as a transmitter. Its demonstration in 1911, based on an improved design, was the world's first demonstration of TV of any kind.<ref name="Abramson 1995">{{cite book|last=Abramson|first=Albert|title=Zworykin, Pioneer of Television|year=1995|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=0-252-02104-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/zworykinpioneero0000abra |url-access=registration}}</ref>

Zworykin married Tatiana Vasilieva in 1916, they had two daughters (the couple separated in the early 1930s).<ref>{{cite web | title=Субботина Е. А. Первая семья В. К. Зворыкина |trans-title=First family of Zworykin | website=Муромский историко-художественный музей | url=https://museum-murom.ru/scientific-work/materialy-konferencij-muzeya/ezhegodnaya-otchetnaya-konferenciya/sbornik-konferencii-2015/subbotina-e.-a.-pervaya-semya-v.k.zvorykina | language=ru}}</ref>

== Career ==
Zworykin graduated in 1912. He then studied X-rays under professor [[Paul Langevin]] in Paris.<ref name="Abramson 1995" /> During [[World War I]], Zworykin was enlisted and served in the Russian Signal Corps. He then worked testing radio equipment that was being produced for the Russian Army. Zworykin left Russia for the [[United States]] in 1918 during the [[Russian Civil War]].  He left through [[Siberia]], travelling north on the [[River Ob]] to the [[Arctic Ocean]] as part of an expedition led by Russian scientist [[Innokenty P. Tolmachev]], eventually arriving in the U.S. at the end of 1918.  He returned to [[Omsk]], then capital of [[Alexander Kolchak|Admiral Kolchak]]'s government in 1919, via [[Vladivostok]], then to the United States again on official duties from the [[White movement|Omsk government]]. These duties ended with the collapse of the [[White movement]] in Siberia at the death of Kolchak. Zworykin then decided to remain permanently in the United States.

[[Image:Zworykin kinescope 1929.jpg|upright|thumb|Zworykin demonstrates electronic television (1929).]]

Once in the U.S., Zworykin found work at the [[Westinghouse Electric (1886)|Westinghouse]] laboratories in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]] where he eventually had an opportunity to engage in television experiments. 

Zworykin applied for a television patent in the U.S. in 1923. He summarized the resulting invention in two patent applications. The first, entitled "Television Systems", was filed on December 29, 1923, and was followed by a second application in 1925 of essentially the same content, but with minor changes and the addition of a Paget-type [[RGB]] raster screen for color transmission and reception.<ref name="US1691324">{{cite patent|invent1=Zworykin, Vladimir|gdate=November 13, 1928|title=Television System|country=US|status=Patent|number=1691324|fdate=1925}}</ref> He was awarded a patent for the 1925 application in 1928,<ref name="US1691324" /> and two patents for the 1923 application that was divided in 1931,<ref name="US2022450" /><ref name="US2141059" /> although the equipment described was never successfully demonstrated.<ref>{{cite book | last=Schatzkin | first=Paul | title=The Boy who Invented Television | publisher=Teamcom Books | publication-place=Silver Spring, Md | date=2002 | isbn=1-928791-30-1 | pages=111–8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Abramson | first=Albert | title=The History of Television, 1880 to 1941 | publisher=McFarland | publication-place=Jefferson, N.C | date=1987 | isbn=0-89950-284-9 | page=209}}</ref><ref name="Abramson 1995" />{{rp|51,2}} Zworykin described cathode-ray tubes as both transmitter and receiver. The operation, whose basic thrust was to ''prevent'' the emission of electrons between scansion cycles, was reminiscent of [[Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton|A. A. Campbell Swinton]]'s proposal published in ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' in June 1908.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Swinton | first=A. a. Campbell | title=Distant Electric Vision | journal=Nature | volume=78 | issue=2016 |year=1908 | issn=1476-4687 | doi=10.1038/078151a0 | pages=151 | bibcode=1908Natur..78..151S | url=https://www.nature.com/articles/078151a0.pdf }}</ref>

[[Image:Zworykin patent (1923).jpg|thumb|left|Drawing from Zworykin's 1923 patent application ''Television System''.<ref name="US2022450" /><ref name="US2141059" />]]

The demonstration given (sometime in late 1925 or early 1926) by Zworykin was far from a success with the Westinghouse management, even though it showed the possibilities inherent in a system based on the cathode-ray tube. He was told by management to "devote his time to more practical endeavours," yet continued his efforts to perfect his system. 

As attested  by his doctoral dissertation of 1926, earning him a [[PhD]] from the [[University of Pittsburgh]], his experiments were directed at improving the output of photoelectric cells. There were, however, limits to how far one could go along these lines, and so, in 1929, Zworykin returned to vibrating mirrors and facsimile transmission, filing patents describing these. At this time, however, he was also experimenting with an improved cathode ray receiving tube, filing a patent application for this in November 1929, and introducing the new receiver that he named the "kinescope", reading a paper two days later at a convention of the [[Institute of Radio Engineers]].

Having developed the prototype of the receiver by December, Zworykin met [[David Sarnoff]],<ref name=":01" /> who eventually hired him and put him in charge of television development for the [[Radio Corporation of America]] (RCA) at its factories and laboratories in [[Camden, New Jersey]].

The move to the RCA's Camden laboratories occurred in the spring of 1930, and the difficult task of developing a transmitter could begin. There was an in-house evaluation in mid-1930, where the kinescope performed well (but with only 60 lines definition),<ref name=":01">{{cite web |title=Story of Television, The |url=https://archive.org/details/StoryofT1956 |access-date=8 January 2020 |year=1956}}</ref> and the transmitter was still of a mechanical type. A "breakthrough" would come when the Zworykin team decided to develop a new type of cathode ray transmitter, one described in the French and British patents of 1928 priority by the Hungarian inventor [[Kálmán Tihanyi]] whom the company had approached in July 1930, after the publication of his patents in England and France. This was a curious design, one where the scanning electron beam would strike the photoelectric cell from the same side where the optical image was cast. Even more importantly, it was a system characterized by an operation based on an entirely new principle, the principle of the accumulation and storage of charges during the entire time between two scansions by the cathode-ray beam.

[[File:Vladimir Zworykin and historic TV tubes.jpg|thumb|Zworykin and some of the historic camera tubes he developed]]

According to Albert Abramson,<ref name="Abramson 1995" /> Zworykin's experiments started in April 1931, and after the achievement of the first promising experimental transmitters, on October 23, 1931, it was decided that the new camera tube would be named the [[iconoscope]]. Zworykin first presented his iconoscope to RCA in 1932.<ref name="Vries">{{cite book | title = Design methodology and relationships with science, Número 71 de NATO ASI series |author1=de Vries, M. J. |author2=de Vries, Marc |author3=Cross, Nigel |author4=Grant, Donald P. | publisher = Springer| year = 1993 | isbn = 978-0-7923-2191-0| page = 222 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4T8U_J1h7noC&q=image-iconoscope+image-orthicon+telefunken| access-date = 2010-01-15 }}</ref> He continued work on it, and
"[t]he image iconoscope, presented in 1934, was a result of a collaboration between Zworykin and  RCA's licensee [[Telefunken]]. ... In 1935 the [[Reichspost]] started the public broadcastings using this tube and applying a 180 lines system."<ref name="Vries" />

RCA filed an interference suit against rival television scientist [[Philo Farnsworth]], claiming Zworykin's 1923 patent had priority over Farnsworth's design, despite the fact it could present no evidence that Zworykin had actually produced a functioning transmitter tube before 1931. Farnsworth had lost two interference claims to Zworykin in 1928, but this time he prevailed and the [[U.S. Patent Office]] rendered a decision in 1934 awarding priority of the invention of the image dissector to Farnsworth. RCA lost a subsequent appeal, but litigation over a variety of issues continued for several years with Sarnoff finally agreeing to pay Farnsworth royalties.<ref>{{cite magazine | url = http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/farnsworth.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20000531100005/http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/farnsworth.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = May 31, 2000 | author-link = Neil Postman | last = Postman | first= Neil | title = The ''Time'' 100: Scientists & Thinkers: Philo Farnsworth | magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date = March 29, 1999 | access-date = July 28, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
 | title = Television: an international history of the formative years
 | author = Burns, R. W.
 | publisher = IET
 | year = 1998
 | isbn = 978-0-85296-914-4
 | page = 366
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gZcwhVyiMqsC&q=Dieckmann%20Hell%20image-dissector-tube%20aperture%20Farnsworth&pg=PA366
 }}</ref> Zworykin received a patent in 1928 for a color transmission version of his 1923 patent application;<ref name="US1691324" /> he also divided his original application in 1931, receiving a patent in 1935,<ref name="US2022450">{{cite patent|country=US|number=2022450 |invent1=Zworykin, Vladimir K.|title=Television System|status=Patent|fdate=1923-12-29|gdate=November 26, 1935}}</ref> while a second one was eventually issued in 1938<ref name="US2141059">{{cite patent|country=US|number=2141059 |invent1=Zworykin, Vladimir K., |title=Television System|status=Patent|fdate=1923-12-29|gdate=December 20, 1938}}</ref> by the Court of Appeals on a non-Farnsworth-related interference case,<ref>{{cite news |title=Wins Basic Patent in Television Field |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 22, 1938 |page=38:6 }}</ref> and over the objection of the Patent Office.<ref>{{cite web | title=Who Invented Television? | website=The Farnsworth Chronicles | url=https://www.farnovision.com/chronicles/tfc-who_invented_what.html|year=2001}}</ref>


i)	Session 3 Dr LF Broadway.  

ii)	Opening address by Sir James Redmond quoting LF Broadway.</ref><ref>"Military Manoeuvres", 'The Listener' magazine BBC Publications (Vol 116, No 2984) 30th Oct 1986, pg 37. The birth of television and national defence.</ref> The group, also comprising [[David Sarnoff]], [[Simeon Aisenstein]] and [[Isaac Shoenberg]], knew each other well from Russia and saw possible military applications for their work on television. The group is said to have raised one million pounds sterling (about $5 million at the time) from US donors. The specific work took place at EMI-Marconi in the U.K. and resulted in Britain becoming significantly advanced in television development and able to launch a public service on 2nd November 1936. The military applications helped the development of radio-location (later named radar). In addition the design and production in quantity of television equipment and sets allowed the similar military technology (cathode ray tubes, VHF transmission and reception and wideband circuits to be advanced. A former British defence minister, [[Ian Orr-Ewing, Baron Orr-Ewing|Lord Orr-Ewing]], referred to the work in a [https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/100-voices/birth-of-tv/sets-and-signals 1979 BBC interview] and stated “that’s how we won the [[Battle of Britain]]”.

==Later life==
Zworykin married for a second time in 1951. His wife was Katherine Polevitzky (1888–1985), a Russian-born professor of bacteriology at the [[University of Pennsylvania]]. It was the second marriage for both. The ceremony was in [[Burlington, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Married |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,821935,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806074709/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,821935,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 6, 2009 |quote=Vladimir Zworykin, 62, Russian-born, Russian-trained physicist, the "father of television," who developed the iconoscope (eye) of the TV camera in 1923, now laments: "We never dreamed of Howdy Doody on Television — we always thought television would find its highest value in science and industry"; and Katherine Polevitzky, 62, Russian-born professor of bacteriology at the University of Pennsylvania; both for the second time; in [[Burlington, New Jersey]]. |magazine=Time |date= November 26, 1951 |access-date=2008-04-27 }}</ref> A photographic record of his marriage and worldwide tour can be viewed online.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://framemaster.tripod.com/index-2.html|title=1951 Dr.Zworykin Television Inventor Weds Dr. Katherine Polevitzky|first=Steve|last=Restelli|website=framemaster.tripod.com}}</ref>
He retired in 1954.

New frontiers in [[medical engineering]] and [[biological engineering]] appealed to him, and he became a founder and first president of the [[International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering]]. The Federation continues to honor outstanding research engineering with a ''Zworykin Award'', the prize being travelling funds to the award's presentation at a World Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ifmbe.org/|title=IFMBE &#124; International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering}}</ref>

==Death==
Zworykin died on July 29, 1982, in [[Princeton, New Jersey]].<ref name="nytimes-obit" /> His wife Katherine died on February 18, 1985.<ref>{{cite web|title=Katherine Zworykin|url=https://www.fold3.com/page/20511265_katherine_zworykin/|publisher=Fold3}}</ref>

==Honors==
[[Image:Zworykin1931iconoscope.png|thumb|right|Vladimir Zworykin's patent diagram of an iconoscope, 1931,<ref>{{Cite patent|number=US2021907A|title=Method of and apparatus for producing images of objects|gdate=1935-11-26|invent1=Zworykin|inventor1-first=Vladimir K.|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2021907A/en?oq=US2021907A}}</ref> with an apparatus similar to the camera part.<ref name=US2022450/><ref name=US2141059/>]]
Throughout his steady rise in rank, Zworykin remained involved in the many important developments of RCA and received several outstanding honours, including, in 1934, the [[Morris Liebmann Memorial Prize]] from the [[Institute of Radio Engineers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/liebmann_rl.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629020713/http://www.ieee.org/documents/liebmann_rl.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |title=IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award Recipients |publisher=IEEE |access-date=March 14, 2011}}</ref>

In 1941, he was elected to the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vladimir Kosma Zworykin |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/vladimir-kosma-zworykin |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |date=9 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

He was awarded the [[Howard N. Potts Medal]] from [[The Franklin Institute]] in 1947.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=POTTS&sy=&ey=&max=300&name=Submit |title=Franklin Laureate Database - Howard N. Potts Medal Laureates |publisher=Franklin Institute |access-date=March 13, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215246/http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=POTTS&sy=&ey=&max=300&name=Submit |archive-date=May 2, 2014 }}</ref>

He was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1948.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Vladimir+Zworykin&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>

He was named honorary vice president of RCA in 1954.<ref name="britannica">{{britannica|id=658633|title=Vladimir Kosma Zworykin (American engineer and inventor)}}</ref>

In 1966, the [[National Academy of Sciences]], of which he was a member,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vladimir K. Zworykin |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/48786.html |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=nasonline.org}}</ref> awarded him the [[National Medal of Science]] for his contributions to the instruments of science, engineering, and television and for his stimulation of the application of engineering to medicine.<ref name="britannica" />

In 1967, Zworykin received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=achievement.org|publisher=American Academy of Achievement|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref>

He was founder-president of the International Federation for Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering, a recipient of the [[Faraday Medal]] from Great Britain (1965), and a member of the U.S. National Hall of Fame from 1977.<ref name="britannica" />

He received the first [[Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor]] from the German [[Eduard Rhein Foundation]] in 1980.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eduard-rhein-stiftung.de/html/Ehrenring_e.html |title=The Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor Recipients |publisher=Eduard Rhein Foundation |access-date=February 5, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718234106/http://www.eduard-rhein-stiftung.de/html/Ehrenring_e.html |archive-date=July 18, 2011 }}</ref>

From 1952 to 1986, the IEEE made awards to worthy engineers in the name of Vladimir K. Zworykin. More recently the ''Zworykin Award'' has been bestowed by the [[International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifmbe.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=113:awards&catid=51:announcements&Itemid=237 |title=Awards |publisher=International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering |access-date=May 31, 2011}}</ref>

The most complete list of Zworykin's awards can be found online at historyTV.net .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://framemaster.tripod.com/awards.html|title=VLADIMIR K. ZWORYKIN: DIPLOMAS, CERTIFICATES, HONORS|first=Steve|last=Restelli|website=framemaster.tripod.com}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Zworykin was inducted into the [[New Jersey Inventor's Hall of Fame]] and the [[National Inventors Hall of Fame]]. Additionally, [[Tektronix]] in [[Beaverton, Oregon]] has named a street on its campus after Zworykin.

In 1995 [[University of Illinois Press]] published ''Zworykin, Pioneer of Television'' by Albert Abramson.

In 2010 [[Leonid Parfyonov]] produced a documentary film "Zvorykin-Muromets"<ref>{{cite web|title=Zvorykin-Muromets|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1791694/|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> about Zworykin.

Zworykin is listed in the Russian-American Chamber of Fame of [[Congress of Russian Americans]], which is dedicated to Russian immigrants who made outstanding contributions to American science or culture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eurorussians.com/the-place-of-russian-emigration-in-us-science-and-technology/|title=The place of Russian emigration in U.S. science and technology|date=15 December 2016|access-date=15 August 2017|archive-date=18 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418133233/http://eurorussians.com/the-place-of-russian-emigration-in-us-science-and-technology/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3UW0K78P-jcC |title=All Was Not Lost: Journey of a Russian Immigrant from Riga to Chicagoland|author=Anatoly Bezkorovainy|year=2008|publisher=AuthorHouse|page=457|access-date=August 15, 2017|isbn=9781434364586}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russian-americans.org/hall-of-fame/|title=Hall of Fame|date=20 June 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Television}}

* [[People known as the father or mother of something#Z|List of people known as "father" or "mother" of something]]
* [[John Logie Baird]]
* [[Kalman Tihanyi]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
*Albert Abramson (1987) ''The History of Television 1880 to 1941'', Jefferson: McFarland.
*Albert Abramson (2003)''Die Geschichte des Fernsehens 1880 bis 1941'', München, Fink Verlag.
*Albert Abramson (1995) ''Zworykin, Pioneer of Television'', University of Illinois Press, Champaign.
*Fritz Schröter (1932) ''Handbuch der Bildtelegraphie und des Fernsehens'', Berlin: Julius Springer.
*Fritz Schröter (1937) ''Fernsehen. Die neueste Entwicklung insbesondere der deutschen Fernsehtechnik'', Berlin: Julius Springer.
*Walter Bruch (1967) ''Kleine geschichte des deutschen Fernsehens'', Berlin: Hande & Spender.
*[http://www.thefarnsworthinvention.com The Farnsworth Invention: Fact -v- Fiction ]
*{{cite web|url=http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Oral-History:Vladimir_Zworykin |title=IEEE Global History Network - Oral-History: Interview with Vladimir Zworykin on July 4, 1975 |author=Mark Heyer |date=November 29, 2010 |publisher=IEEE |access-date=March 14, 2011}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Vladimir_Zworykin |title=IEEE Global History Network - Vladimir Zworykin |date=September 16, 2010 |publisher=IEEE |access-date=March 14, 2011}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041009234924/http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/zworykin.htm Compilation of biographies of Vladimir Zworykin]- including photographs and bibliography, compiled by Prof. Eugenii Katz of The Hebrew University.
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126094622/http://www.ieee.org/portal/site/mainsite/menuitem.818c0c39e85ef176fb2275875bac26c8/index.jsp?&pName=corp_level1&path=about/awards/pr&file=zworkpr.xml&xsl=generic.xsl |date=November 26, 2005 |title=Recipients of the IEEE Vladimir K. Zworykin Award }}
*[http://www.hist.msu.ru/Journals/NNI/pdfs/Vasin_Velembovskaya_2009.pdf  (Russian) Vasin A.N., Velembovskaya K.M. Pages of the Biography of the "Father of TV" V.K. Zworykin (1888-1982) magazine "Modern and Contemporary History", Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 2009,№5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120933/http://www.hist.msu.ru/Journals/NNI/pdfs/Vasin_Velembovskaya_2009.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}
*[http://framemaster.tripod.com/awards.html Awards of Vladimir K. Zworykin]

==External links==
*{{Commons category inline}}
*[http://findingaids.hagley.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/2464_I.xml Vladimir K. Zworykin papers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308123718/http://findingaids.hagley.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/2464_I.xml |date=2016-03-08 }} at [[Hagley Museum and Library]]
;Videos
*[https://archive.org/details/StoryofT1956 Zworykin interviewed in ''The Story of Television'' in the Internet Archive]

{{National Medal of Science}}
{{Westinghouse}}
{{IEEE Edison Medal Laureates 1951-1975}}
{{IEEE Medal of Honor Laureates 1951-1975}}
{{Telecommunications}}
{{Electron microscopy}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zworykin, Vladimir}}
[[Category:1880s births]]
[[Category:1982 deaths]]

[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:People from Murom]]
[[Category:White Russian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Inventors from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Electrical engineers from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:20th-century American inventors]]
[[Category:American electrical engineers]]
[[Category:Television pioneers]]
[[Category:National Medal of Science laureates]]
[[Category:IEEE Medal of Honor recipients]]
[[Category:IEEE Edison Medal recipients]]
[[Category:History of television]]
[[Category:Discovery and invention controversies]]
[[Category:Swanson School of Engineering alumni]]
[[Category:Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Howard N. Potts Medal recipients]]
[[Category:IEEE Lamme Medal recipients]]
[[Category:People from Princeton, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]