View source for Vranje

{{Short description|City in Serbia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vranje
| official_name = City of Vranje
| native_name = {{native name|sr-Cyrl|Врање|italics=off}}
| native_name_lang = sr
| other_name = 
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Serbia|City]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| total_width = 260
| align = center
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Kralj Stefan Prvovenčani street, Vranje, Srbija (3).jpg
| caption1 = Kralj Stefan Prvovenčani Street in Vranje
| image2 = Načelstvo okruga Vranjskog (1).jpg
| caption2 = Vranje County Building
| image3 = Palata pravde, Vranje, Srbija (1).JPG
| caption3 = Vranje Courthouse
| image4 = Пашини конаци 001.JPG 
| caption4 = National Museum of Vranje
| image5 = Beli most.JPG
| caption5 = [[White Bridge (Vranje)|White Bridge]]
| image6 = Eastern wall of fortress Markovo Kale, Vranje, Srbija (1).jpg
| caption6 = [[Markovo Kale|Markovo Kale Fortress]]
}}
| image_caption = 
| image_flag = Zastava-Vranja.png
| image_shield = Veliki grb-vranja.png
| image_map = Municipalities of Serbia Vranje.png
| mapsize = 
| map_caption = Location of the city of Vranje within Serbia
| coordinates = {{coord|42|33|N|21|54|E|region:RS|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Serbia}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Subdivisions of Serbia|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Southern and Eastern Serbia]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Serbia|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pčinja District|Pčinja]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Municipalities and cities of Serbia|Municipalities]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[#Municipalities and settlements|2]]
| parts_type = Settlements
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 105
| leader_party = [[Serbian Progressive Party|SNS]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Slobodan Milenković
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Serbian municipalities 2006}}</ref>
| area_blank1_title = Urban
| area_blank1_km2 = 36.96
| area_blank2_title = Administrative
| area_blank2_km2 = 860
| population_as_of = 2022 census
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Serbian census 2011">{{Serbian census 2011}}</ref>
| population_rank = [[List of cities in Serbia|16th in Serbia]]
| population_blank1_title = Urban
| population_blank1 = 55214
| population_density_blank1_km2 = auto
| population_blank2_title = Administrative
| population_blank2 = 74381
| population_density_blank2_km2 = auto
| postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Serbia|Postal code]]
| postal_code = 17500
| area_code = +381(0)17
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Serbia|Area code]]
| elevation_m = 487
| website = {{URL|www.vranje.org.rs}}
| iso_code = SRB
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| blank_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of Serbia|Car plates]]
| blank_info = VR
| blank_name_sec1        = Official languages
| blank_info_sec1        = [[Serbian language|Serbian]]<ref name="Statut">{{cite web|url=http://demo.paragraf.rs/demo/combined/Old/t/t2018_02/t02_0297.htm |title=Statut Grada Vranja |trans-title=City of Vranje Statute |access-date=22 March 2025 |language=sr |publisher=City of Vranje}}</ref>
}}

'''Vranje''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Врање}}, {{IPA|sh|ʋrâɲɛ|pron|Pronsrvranje.ogg}}) is a [[List of cities in Serbia|city]] in [[Southern Serbia (Geographical Region)|Southern Serbia]] and the administrative center of the [[Pčinja District]]. According to the 2022 census, the city itself has a population of 55,214 while the city administrative area has 74,381 inhabitants.

Vranje is the economical, political and cultural centre of the Pčinja District in Southern Serbia. It was the first city from the [[Balkans]] to be declared [[City of Music (UNESCO)|UNESCO city of Music]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/events/unesco-designates-66-new-creative-cities|title=UNESCO designates 66 new Creative Cities {{!}} Creative Cities Network|website=en.unesco.org|access-date=2019-11-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/kultura.71.html:827556-Vranje-medju-kreativnim-gradovima-Uneska|title=Vranje među kreativnim gradovima Uneska|website=novosti.rs|language=sr-Latn|access-date=2019-11-02}}</ref> It is located on the [[Pan-European Corridor X]], close to the borders with [[North Macedonia]], [[Kosovo]] and [[Bulgaria]]. The Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Vranje is seated in the city, as is the [[4th Land Force Brigade]] of the [[Serbian Army]].

==Etymology==
The toponym Vranje is first attested in an 11th-century Byzantine text. The town's name is believed to be derived from ''vran'', a word of [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] origin meaning swarthy or dark, or the archaic Slavic [[given name]] Vran, which itself is derived from the same word.<ref>{{cite book|last=Đorđević|first=Jadranka|year=2001|title=Srodnički odnosi u Vranju|language=Serbian|publisher=Ethnographical Institute|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/478635680/Jadranka-Djordjevic-Srodnicki-odnosi-u-Vranju-pdf|location=Belgrade, Yugoslavia |quote=P. Skok ime mesta Vranje izvodi iz reči vran, fvrana, pridjev, određeno vrani, baltoslav. i praslav....poimeničen u sr.r. Vranje (Srbija)... M. Zlatanović smatra da je naziv Vranje postao od sloveskog ličnog imena Vran|page=20}}</ref>

==History==
{{Quote box |width=27em |bgcolor=#B0C4DE
|title=Historical affiliations
|quote=
{{flagicon image|Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century according to portolan charts.png}} [[Eastern Roman Empire]] 330–?<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of the First Bulgarian Empire.svg}} [[First Bulgarian Empire]] ?–1018<br />
{{flagicon image|Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century according to portolan charts.png}} [[Eastern Roman Empire]] 1018–1183<br />
{{flagicon image|Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century according to portolan charts.png}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Serbia (1281).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of the Second Bulgarian Empire.svg}} ''Contested between Eastern Roman Empire, Grand Principality of Serbia, and Second Bulgarian Empire'' 1183–1207<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Serbia (1281).svg}} [[Grand Principality of Serbia]] 1207–1217<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Serbia (1281).svg}} [[Kingdom of Serbia]] 1217–1345<br />
{{flagicon|Serbian Empire}} [[Serbian Empire]] 1345–1371<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Moravian Serbia.svg}} ''Various Serbian noble domains'' (''[[Fall of the Serbian Empire]]'') 1371–1402<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Moravian Serbia.svg}} [[Serbian Despotate]] 1402–1433<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Moravian Serbia.svg}} {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} ''Contested between Serbian Despotate and Ottoman Empire'' 1433–1251<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Moravian Serbia.svg}} [[Serbian Despotate]] 1451–1455<br />
{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Ottoman Empire]] 1455–1689<br />
{{flagicon|Habsburg monarchy}} [[Habsburg monarchy]] 1689–1690 ''(occupation)''<br />
{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Ottoman Empire]] 1690–1878<br />
{{flagicon|Principality of Serbia}} [[Principality of Serbia]] 1878–1882<br />
{{flagicon|Kingdom of Serbia}} [[Kingdom of Serbia]] 1882–1915<br />
{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Tsardom of Bulgaria]] 1915–1918 ''(occupation)''<br />
{{flagicon|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] 1918–1929<br />
{{flagicon|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] 1929–1941<br />
{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Tsardom of Bulgaria]] 1941–1944 ''(occupation)''<br />
{{flagicon|Democratic Federal Yugoslavia}}  [[Democratic Federal Yugoslavia]] 1944–1945<br />
{{flagicon|Yugoslavia|1946}}  [[Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia]] 1945–1963<br />
{{flagicon|Yugoslavia|1946}} [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] 1963–1992<br />
{{ flagicon|Serbia and Montenegro}} [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] 1992–2003<br />
{{flagicon|Serbia and Montenegro}} [[Serbia and Montenegro]] 2003–2006<br />
{{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] 2006–present
}}
The [[Roman Empire|Romans]] conquered the region in the 2nd or 1st centuries BC. Vranje was part of [[Moesia Superior]] and [[Dardania (Roman province)|Dardania]] during Roman rule. The Roman fortresses in the Vranje region were abandoned during the [[Huns|Hun]] attacks in 539–544 AD; these include the localities of Kale at [[Vranjska Banja]], Gradište in [[Korbevac]] and Gradište in [[Prvonek]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Janković|first=Đorđe|title=The Slavs in the 6th century North Illyricum|url=http://www.rastko.rs/arheologija/delo/13047|work=Projekat Rastko|access-date=29 September 2013|location=Belgrade|language=sr|quote=<!--Trial excavations of early Byzantine forts, conducted around Vranje in 2003, show that they were abandoned as early as in the course of the 6th century. These are the localities of Kale above Vranjska Banja and Gradište in Korbevac (Радичевић, Стојчић et al. 2004). Judging by surface findings, the case is the same with Gradište in Prvonek east of Vranjska Banja. The general impression is that all these forts are single-layered – that they were built and demolished at the same time. The same roofing tiles on all three sites, the thinness of the cultural layer and the similarity of pottery show this. The absence of animal bones is notable. Kale was destroyed in a fire, whereas Gradište conveys the impression of having been abandoned. The found pottery fragments are similar to others from North Illyricum, dated to the second and third quarter of the 6th century; there is no such pottery in the strata of the time of the reconstruction of Emperor Mauritius (Јанковић 1981: 141-147; Bjelajac 1990: 163-168). There are no data for the duration of other forts around Vranje, except for Kale at Klinovac, where a hoard was found with the latest coins from 544 (Гaj – Поповић 1973: 25-32). According to the inventory of the National Museum in Vranje, Markovo Kale was used in the 6th century, and later finds are not known. Kale at Veliki Trnovac to the South of Vranje (Чершков 1986) seems to have been the centre of this area in the early Byzantine period, judging by the basilica, undoubtedly episcopal, with rich marble decoration, which is also in Vranje; there are no data suggesting its usage in the late 6th or early 7th century.-->}}</ref>

During the [[Middle Ages]], in the 9th-11th centuries, the territory of modern-day Vranje was a part of [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]].{{sfn|Ivanišević|2013|p=450}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C|title=The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century|first1=John V. A.|last1=Fine|first2=John Van Antwerp|last2=Fine|date=29 December 1991|publisher=University of Michigan Press|access-date=29 December 2017|isbn=978-0472081493}}</ref>

The first written mention of Vranje comes from [[Byzantine]] chronicle ''[[Alexiad]]'' by [[Anna Comnena]] (1083–1153), in which it is mentioned how Serbian ruler [[Vukan, Grand Prince of Serbia|Vukan]] in 1093, as part of his conquests, reached Vranje and conquered it, however only shortly, as he was forced to retreat from the powerful Byzantines.{{sfn|Bazić|2008|p=254}} The city name stems from the Old Serbian word ''vran'' ("black"). The second mention is from 1193, when Vranje was temporarily taken by Serbian Grand Prince [[Stefan Nemanja]] from the Byzantines.{{sfn|Bazić|2008|p=254}} Vranje definitely entered the Serbian state in 1207 when it was conquered by Grand Prince [[Stefan the First-Crowned|Stefan Nemanjić]].{{sfn|Bazić|2008|p=254}}<!---->

Some time before 1306, ''[[tepčija]]'' [[Kuzma (tepčija)|Kuzma]] was given the governorship of Vranje (a ''[[župa]]'', "county", including the town and neighbouring villages), serving King [[Stefan Milutin]].{{sfn|Blagojević|2001|p=26}} At the same time, ''[[kaznac]]'' [[Miroslav (kaznac)|Miroslav]] held the surroundings of Vranje.<ref>{{cite book|author=Синиша Мишић|title=Лексикон градова и тргова средњовековних српских земаља: према писаним изворима|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkRSAQAAIAAJ|year=2010|publisher=Завод за уџбенике|isbn=978-86-17-16604-3|page=76}}</ref> Next, ''[[kaznac]]'' [[Baldovin]] (fl. 1325–45) received the province around Vranje, serving King [[Stefan Dečanski]].<ref>Starinar 1936, p. 72: "... сродника и наследника кнеза Балдовина. Кнез Балдовин je из времена краља Стефана Уроша III Дечанског (1321–1331). Пре њега je, изгледа, био y Врањи тепчија Кузма, a пре овога казнац Мирослав (свакако онај исти који ce помиње y ..."</ref> Next, ''[[župan]]'' Maljušat, Baldovin's son, held the ''župa'' of Vranje.{{sfn|Blagojević|2001|pp=41, 52}} By the time of the proclamation of the [[Serbian Empire]], holders with the title ''[[kefalija]]'' are present in Vranje, among other cities.{{sfn|Blagojević|2001|p=252}} During the [[fall of the Serbian Empire]], Vranje was part of [[Uglješa Vlatković]]'s possessions, which also included [[Preševo]] and [[Kumanovo]]. Uglješa became a vassal of Serbian Despot [[Stefan Lazarević]] after the [[Battle of Tripolje]] (1403); Vranje became part of [[Serbian Despotate]].
 [[File:Markovo Kale interior view.JPG|thumb|left|''[[Markovo Kale]]'', ruins of a medieval fortress.]]
The medieval ''župa'' was a small landscape unit, whose territory expanded with creation of new settlements and independence of hamlets and neighbourhoods from ''župa'' villages and shepherd cottages.{{sfn|Bazić|2008|p=254}} Good mercantile relations with developing mine city [[Novo Brdo Fortress|Novo Brdo]] led to creation of numerous settlements.{{sfn|Bazić|2008|p=254}} In 1455, Vranje was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, amid the fall of the medieval Serbian state.{{sfn|Bazić|2008|p=254}} It was organized as the seat of a ''kaza'' (county), named Vranje, after the city and the medieval ''župa''.{{sfn|Bazić|2008|p=254}}

Vranje was part of the Ottoman Empire until 1878, when the [[Battle of Vranje|town was captured]] by the Serbian army commanded by [[Jovan Belimarković]].{{sfn|Bazić|2008|p=254}} The urban population of Vranje consisted of 30,061 Christian and 12,502 Muslim males, with total number of 2,500 Serbian houses and 2,000 Muslim houses. The urban Muslim population of Vranje in the mid-19th century consisted of [[Turkish people|Turks]] and [[Albanians]].<ref name="Jagodić61126048">{{cite journal |last=Jagodić |first=Miloš |year=1998 |title=The Emigration of Muslims from the New Serbian Regions 1877/1878 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/balkanologie/pdf/265 |journal=Balkanologie |volume=2 |issue=2 |doi=10.4000/balkanologie.265 |s2cid=140637086|url-access=subscription }} para. 6. "According to the information about the language spoken among the Muslims in the cities, we can see of which nationality they were. So, the Muslim population of Niš and Pirot consisted mostly of Turks; in Vranje and Leskovac they were Turks and Albanians"; para. 11. "The Turks have been mostly city dwellers. It is certain, however, that part of them was of Albanian origin, because of the well-known fact that the Albanians have been very easily assimilated with Turks in the cities."; para. 26, 48.</ref> During the [[Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1876–1878)]], most of the [[Albanians|Albanian]] population of Vranje was [[Expulsion of the Albanians (1877–1878)|forced to flee]] to the Ottoman [[Kosovo vilayet|vilayet of Kosovo]] and others Muslims such as [[Turkish people|Turks]] fled from the city as well.<ref name="Jagodić61126048" /> The only Muslim population permitted to remain after the war in the town were Serbian speaking Muslim Romani of whom in 1910 numbered 6,089 in Vranje.<ref name="Malcolm208">{{cite book|last=Malcolm|first=Noel|title=Kosovo: A short history|year=1998|location=London|publisher=Macmillan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GGQ_AQAAIAAJ&q=6%2C089+of+them|isbn=9780333666128|pages=208}}"Vranje itself became a major Gypsy centre, with a large population of Serbian-speaking Muslim Gypsies. After the nineteenth- century expulsions of Muslim Slavs and Muslim Albanians from the Serbian state, these Gypsies were virtually the only Muslims permitted to remain on Serbian soil: in 1910 there were 14,335 Muslims in the whole kingdom of Serbia (6,089 of them in Vranje), and roughly 90 per cent of the urban Muslims were Gypsies."</ref> Vranje entered the [[Principality of Serbia]], with little more than 8,000 inhabitants at that time.{{sfn|Bazić|2008|p=254}} Up until the end of the [[Balkan Wars]], the city had a special position and role, as the transmissive station of Serbian state political and cultural influence on [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]].{{sfn|Bazić|2008|p=255}}

In the early 20th century, Vranje had around 12,000 inhabitants. As a border town of the [[Kingdom of Serbia]], it was used as the starting point for [[Serbian Chetnik Organization|Serbian guerrilla (Chetniks)]] who crossed into Ottoman territory and fought in Kosovo and Macedonia. In [[World War I]], the main headquarters of the Serbian army was in the town. King [[Peter I Karađorđević]], Prime Minister [[Nikola Pašić]] and the chief of staff General [[Radomir Putnik]] stayed in Vranje. Vranje was occupied by the [[Kingdom of Bulgaria]] on 16–17 October 1915, after which war crimes and [[Bulgarisation]] was committed on the city and wider region.{{sfn|Mitrović|2007|pp=222–223}}
 [[File:Monument in Vranje.JPG|thumb|World War II memorial.]]
After the war, Vranje was part of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] in one of the [[Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia|33 oblasts]]; in 1929, it became part of the [[Vardar Banovina]]. During [[World War II in Yugoslavia|World War II]], [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] troops entered the town on 9 April 1941 and transferred it to Bulgarian administration on 22 April 1941. Per general [[Walter Oxley]] Vranje was captured Bulgarian Second Army during the [[Niš operation]] in the mid. of October 1944 and it was aided by the [[Yugoslav Partisans]].

During [[Socialist Yugoslavia]], Vranje was organized into the Pčinja District. In the 1960s and 1970s it was [[industrialisation|industrialized]]. 

On 3 June 1993, a [[Vranje shooting|mass shooting occurred in Vranje]] where the perpetrator, Jožef Meneder fired upon the [[Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro|Yugoslav Army]] barracks in the South Morava bridge, killing 6 army privates and 1 ensign and injuring another 4 privates, before taking his own life.<ref name="glassrpske">{{Cite web |url=https://www.glassrpske.com/lat/drustvo/feljton/verske-sekte-crna-ruza-satanisticki-ritual-zrtvovanja-na-grobljima/34446 |title=VERSKE SEKTE - Crna ruža - Satanistički ritual žrtvovanja na grobljima|date=29 January 2010 }}</ref><ref name="aimpress">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aimpress.ch/dyn/pubs/archive/data/199706/70620-003-pubs-beo.htm|title=1997/06/20 01:43 SVECANOST OSENCENA LICEMERJEM|website=www.aimpress.ch|access-date=2020-07-22|archive-date=2020-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722191415/http://www.aimpress.ch/dyn/pubs/archive/data/199706/70620-003-pubs-beo.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="aimpress1">{{Cite web|url=http://aimpress.ch/dyn/pubs/archive/data/199610/61031-004-pubs-beo.htm|title=1996/10/31 13:33 PUKOVNIK IMA KOME PISATI|website=aimpress.ch|access-date=2020-07-22|archive-date=2020-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723050326/http://aimpress.ch/dyn/pubs/archive/data/199610/61031-004-pubs-beo.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

During the 1990s, the economy of Vranje was heavily affected by the [[sanctions against Yugoslavia]] and the [[1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]].

==Geography==
Vranje is situated in the northwestern part of the Vranje basin, on the left waterside of the [[South Morava]].{{sfn|Bazić|2008|p=254}}

Vranje is at base of the mountains [[Pljačkovica]] ({{convert|1231|m|ft|abbr=off}}), Krstilovice ({{convert|1154|m|ft|abbr=off}}) and Pržar ({{convert|731|m|ft|abbr=off}}). The Vranje river and the city are divided by the main road and railway line, which leads to the north [[Leskovac]] (70&nbsp;km), [[Niš]] ({{convert|110|km|mi|abbr=off}}) and [[Belgrade]] ({{convert|347|km|mi|abbr=off}}), and, to the south [[Kumanovo]] ({{convert|56|km|mi|abbr=off}}), [[Skopje]] ({{convert|91|km|mi|abbr=off}}) and [[Thessalonica]] ({{convert|354|km|mi|abbr=off}}). It is {{convert|70|km|0|abbr=on}} from the border with [[Bulgaria]], {{convert|40|km|0|abbr=on}} from the border with [[North Macedonia]].

Vranje is the economical, political, and cultural centre of the Pčinja District in South Serbia.{{sfn|Bazić|2008|p=254}} The Pčinja District also includes the municipalities of [[Bosilegrad]], [[Bujanovac]], [[Vladičin Han]], [[Preševo]], [[Surdulica]], and [[Trgovište]].{{sfn|Bazić|2008|p=254}} It is located on the [[Pan-European Corridor X]].

===Climate===
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Vranje (1991–2020, extremes 1961–present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 17.9
|Feb record high C = 22.4
|Mar record high C = 26.3
|Apr record high C = 31.5
|May record high C = 33.4
|Jun record high C = 37.9
|Jul record high C = 41.6
|Aug record high C = 40.1
|Sep record high C = 37.0
|Oct record high C = 33.2
|Nov record high C = 26.1
|Dec record high C = 18.7
|year record high C = 41.6
|Jan high C = 4.5
|Feb high C = 7.7
|Mar high C = 12.7
|Apr high C = 17.7
|May high C = 22.7
|Jun high C = 26.8
|Jul high C = 29.3
|Aug high C = 30.0
|Sep high C = 24.6
|Oct high C = 18.8
|Nov high C = 12.0
|Dec high C = 5.5
|year high C = 17.7
|Jan mean C = 0.3
|Feb mean C = 2.5
|Mar mean C = 6.8
|Apr mean C = 11.6
|May mean C = 16.1
|Jun mean C = 20.1
|Jul mean C = 22.2
|Aug mean C = 22.3
|Sep mean C = 17.2
|Oct mean C = 12.1
|Nov mean C = 6.7
|Dec mean C = 1.5
|year mean C = 11.6
|Jan low C = -3.4
|Feb low C = -2.0
|Mar low C = 1.3
|Apr low C = 5.2
|May low C = 9.5
|Jun low C = 13.1
|Jul low C = 14.6
|Aug low C = 14.6
|Sep low C = 10.7
|Oct low C = 6.4
|Nov low C = 2.2
|Dec low C = -1.8
|year low C = 5.9
|Jan record low C = -25.0
|Feb record low C = -22.0
|Mar record low C = -16.0
|Apr record low C = -6.6
|May record low C = -0.3
|Jun record low C = 2.3
|Jul record low C = 5.0
|Aug record low C = 4.5
|Sep record low C = -2.4
|Oct record low C = -7.0
|Nov record low C = -12.6
|Dec record low C = -18.0
|year record low C = -25.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 39.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 41.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 43.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 52.9
|May precipitation mm = 63.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 59.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 46.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 41.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 50.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 60.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 54.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 53.6
|year precipitation mm = 606.0
|Jan humidity = 81.8
|Feb humidity = 74.8
|Mar humidity = 66.6
|Apr humidity = 64.0
|May humidity = 66.2
|Jun humidity = 64.5
|Jul humidity = 60.0
|Aug humidity = 59.1
|Sep humidity = 66.3
|Oct humidity = 73.4
|Nov humidity = 79.0
|Dec humidity = 83.4
|year humidity = 69.9
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 12.6
|Feb precipitation days = 11.5
|Mar precipitation days = 12.4
|Apr precipitation days = 12.0
|May precipitation days = 13.1
|Jun precipitation days = 10.1
|Jul precipitation days = 8.3
|Aug precipitation days = 6.7
|Sep precipitation days = 9.2
|Oct precipitation days = 9.9
|Nov precipitation days = 10.7
|Dec precipitation days = 13.9
|year precipitation days = 130.4
|Jan snow days = 9.7
|Feb snow days = 8.5
|Mar snow days = 5.2
|Apr snow days = 1.3
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.5
|Nov snow days = 3.2
|Dec snow days = 8.1
|year snow days = 36.5
|Jan sun = 74.9
|Feb sun = 103.7
|Mar sun = 154.0
|Apr sun = 181.2
|May sun = 225.9
|Jun sun = 278.3
|Jul sun = 320.7
|Aug sun = 302.6
|Sep sun = 209.4
|Oct sun = 158.6
|Nov sun = 91.6
|Dec sun = 59.1
|year sun = 2160.0
|source 1 = Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia<ref name = RHSS1991>{{cite web
| url = https://www.hidmet.gov.rs/ciril/meteorologija/stanica_sr_vranje.php
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220421021312/https://www.hidmet.gov.rs/ciril/meteorologija/stanica_sr_vranje.php
| archive-date = 21 April 2022
| title= Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1991–2020
| language = sr
| publisher = Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia
| access-date = 20 April 2022}}</ref><ref name = RHSS1981>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210720081014/http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/eng/meteorologija/stanica_sr.php?moss_id=13489
| archive-date = 20 July 2021
| url = http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/eng/meteorologija/stanica_sr.php?moss_id=13489
| title= Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1981–2010
| language = sr
| publisher = Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia
| access-date = 25 February 2017}}</ref>
|date=January 2015}}

{{Weather box 
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Vranje (2010-2022)

| Jan high C = 4.6
| Feb high C = 9.1
| Mar high C = 12.9
| Apr high C = 18.4
| May high C = 22.7
| Jun high C = 27.1
| Jul high C = 30.2
| Aug high C = 31.1
| Sep high C = 25.7
| Oct high C = 19.1
| Nov high C = 13.5
| Dec high C = 6.5

| Jan mean C = 0.8
| Feb mean C = 4.2
| Mar mean C = 7.3
| Apr mean C = 12.0
| May mean C = 16.3
| Jun mean C = 20.3
| Jul mean C = 22.6
| Aug mean C = 23.0
| Sep mean C = 18.5
| Oct mean C = 12.7
| Nov mean C = 8.4
| Dec mean C = 2.9

| Jan low C = -2.9
| Feb low C = -0.6
| Mar low C = 1.7
| Apr low C = 5.6
| May low C = 9.7
| Jun low C = 13.6
| Jul low C = 15.2
| Aug low C = 15.0
| Sep low C = 11.3
| Oct low C = 6.3
| Nov low C = 3.4
| Dec low C = -0.8

| Jan precipitation mm = 52.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 46.8
| Mar precipitation mm = 50.6
| Apr precipitation mm = 119.1
| May precipitation mm = 63.4
| Jun precipitation mm = 52.2
| Jul precipitation mm = 44.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 22.2
| Sep precipitation mm = 43.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 57.8
| Nov precipitation mm = 61.7
| Dec precipitation mm = 55.2

|Jan sun = 67.7
|Feb sun = 101.1
|Mar sun = 151.9
|Apr sun = 194.3
|May sun = 214.2
|Jun sun = 256.8
|Jul sun = 319.5
|Aug sun = 312.6
|Sep sun = 216.5
|Oct sun = 172.3
|Nov sun = 99.7
|Dec sun = 67.6

| source = weatheronline.co.uk <ref name="Weatheronline.co.uk">{{cite web|url= https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?LANG=en&PLZ=_____&PLZN=_____&WMO=13489&CONT=euro&R=160&LEVEL=162&REGION=0005&LAND=YG&MOD=tab&ART=TEM&NOREGION=1&FMM=1&FYY=2010&LMM=12&LYY=2022 |title= Climate: Vranje, Serbia|publisher=Weatheronline.co.uk|access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations|1948|11252|1953|13465|1961|17999|1971|28613|1981|44094|1991|51818|2002|55052|2011|55138|2022|50954|source=<ref>{{cite web|title=Comparative overview of the number of population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002, 2011. and 2022|url=https://popis2022.stat.gov.rs/en-US/popisni-podaci-eksel-tabele/|publisher=[[Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia]]}}</ref>}}The city population has been expanded by Yugoslav-era settlers and [[urbanization]] from its surroundings. Serb refugees of the [[Yugoslav Wars]] (1991–95) and the [[Kosovo War]] (1998–99), especially during and following the [[1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]], as well as emigrants from [[Kosovo]] in the aftermath of the latter conflict have further increased the population.

According to the 2022 census results, there are 74,381 inhabitants in the city of Vranje.

===Ethnic groups===
The ethnic composition of the city administrative area (2011 census):<ref name="ethnicity2011">{{cite web|title=2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia|url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Nacionalna%20pripadnost-Ethnicity.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|access-date=1 February 2018}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Ethnic group
! Population
!%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Serbs]]||align="right"|76,569
|91.67%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Romani people in Serbia|Roma]]||align="right"|4,654
|5.57%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Bulgarians of Serbia|Bulgarians]]||align="right"|589
|0.71%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Macedonians in Serbia|Macedonians]]||align="right"|255
|0.31%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Montenegrins of Serbia|Montenegrins]]||align="right"|48
|0.06%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Gorani people|Gorani]]||align="right"|43
|0.05%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Croats of Serbia|Croats]]||align="right"|33
|0.04%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Yugoslavs in Serbia|Yugoslavs]]||align="right"|22
|0.03%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Muslims (nationality)|Muslims]]||align="right"|17
|0.02%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Albanians in Serbia|Albanians]]||align="right"|13
|0.02%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Russians]]||align="right"|10
|0.01%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|Others||align="right"|1,271
|1.52%
|-
|style="background:#F0F0F0;"|'''Total'''||align="right"|83,524
|
|}

==Municipalities and settlements==
[[File:Municipality of Vranje in District Pcinja en.svg|thumb|right|City of Vranje in Pčinja District]]
The city of Vranje consists of two city municipalities: [[City municipality of Vranje|Vranje]] and [[Vranjska Banja]].<ref name="Serbian census 2011">{{Serbian census 2011}}</ref> Their municipal areas include the following settlements:

;Municipality of Vranje:
{{div col|colwidth=10em}}
* [[Aleksandrovac (Vranje)|Aleksandrovac]]
* [[Barbarušince]]
* [[Barelić]]
* [[Beli Breg (Vranje)|Beli Breg]]
* [[Bojin Del]]
* [[Bresnica (Vranje)|Bresnica]]
* [[Buljesovce]]
* [[Buštranje (Vranje)|Buštranje]]
* [[Crni Lug, Serbia|Crni Lug]]
* [[Čestelin]]
* [[Ćukovac]]
* [[Ćurkovica (Vranje)|Ćurkovica]]
* [[Davidovac (Vranje)|Davidovac]]
* [[Dobrejance]]
* [[Donja Otulja]]
* [[Donje Punoševce]]
* [[Donje Trebešinje]]
* [[Donje Žapsko]]
* [[Donji Neradovac]]
* [[Dragobužde]]
* [[Drenovac, Vranje|Drenovac]]
* [[Dubnica (Vranje)|Dubnica]]
* [[Dulan (Vranje)|Dulan]]
* [[Dupeljevo]]
* [[Golemo Selo]]
* [[Gornja Otulja]]
* [[Gornje Punoševce]]
* [[Gornje Trebešinje]]
* [[Gornje Žapsko]]
* [[Gornji Neradovac]]
* [[Gradnja]]
* [[Gumerište]]
* [[Katun (Vranje)|Katun]]
* [[Klašnjice]]
* [[Koćura]]
* [[Kopanjane]]
* [[Kruševa Glava]]
* [[Krševica]]
* [[Kupinince]]
* [[Lalince]]
* [[Lepčince]]
* [[Lukovo (Vranje)|Lukovo]]
* [[Margance (Vranje)|Margance]]
* [[Mečkovac]]
* [[Mijakovce]]
* [[Mijovce]]
* [[Milanovo (Vranje)|Milanovo]]
* [[Milivojce]]
* [[Moštanica]]
* [[Nastavce]]
* [[Nova Brezovica]]
* [[Oblička Sena]]
* [[Ostra Glava]]
* [[Pavlovac (Vranje)|Pavlovac]]
* [[Pljačkovica]]
* [[Preobraženje]]
* [[Ranutovac]]
* [[Rataje (Vranje)|Rataje]]
* [[Ribnice]]
* [[Ristovac]]
* [[Roždace]]
* [[Rusce (Vranje)]]
* [[Sikirje]]
* [[Smiljević]]
* [[Soderce]]
* [[Srednji Del]]
* [[Stance (Vranje)|Stance]]
* [[Stara Brezovica]]
* [[Strešak]]
* [[Stropsko]]
* [[Struganica]]
* [[Studena (Vranje)|Studena]]
* [[Surdul]]
* [[Suvi Dol]]
* [[Tesovište]]
* [[Tibužde]]
* [[Trstena (Vranje)|Trstena]]
* [[Tumba (Vranje)|Tumba]]
* [[Urmanica]]
* [[Uševce]]
* [[Viševce]]
* [[Vlase (Vranje)]]
* Vranje
* [[Vrtogoš]]
* [[Zlatokop]]
{{div col end}}

;Municipality of Vranjska Banja:
{{div col|colwidth=10em}}
* [[Babina Poljana (Vranje)|Babina Poljana]]
* [[Bujkovac]]
* [[Crni Vrh (Vranje)|Crni Vrh]]
* [[Duga Luka, Serbia|Duga Luka]]
* [[Izumno]]
* [[Klisurica (Vranje)|Klisurica]]
* [[Korbevac]]
* [[Korbul]]
* [[Kriva Feja]]
* [[Kumarevo (Vranje)]]
* [[Leva Reka, Vranje|Leva Reka]]
* [[Lipovac (Vranje)|Lipovac]]
* [[Nesvrta (Vranje)|Nesvrta]]
* [[Panevlje]]
* [[Prvonek]]
* [[Prevalac]]
* [[Sebevranje]]
* [[Slivnica (Vranje)|Slivnica]]
* [[Stari Glog, Serbia|Stari Glog]]
* [[Toplac]]
* [[Vranjska Banja]]
{{div col end}}

==Society and culture==
===Culture===
[[File:Beli most.JPG|thumb|left|[[White Bridge (Vranje)|White Bridge]], a landmark of Vranje.]]
[[File:Narodnja nosnja Vranje.jpg|thumb|Local traditional costume.]]
Vranje was an important Ottoman trading site. The [[White Bridge (Vranje)|White Bridge]] is a symbol of the city and is called "most ljubavi" (lovers' bridge) after the tale of the forbidden love between the Muslim girl Ajša and Christian Stojan that resulted in the father killing the couple. After that, he built the bridge where he had killed her and had the story inscribed in Ottoman Arabic. The 11th-century [[Markovo Kale]] fortress is in the north of the city. The city has traditional Balkan and Ottoman architecture.

The well-known theater play ''[[Koštana]]'' by [[Borisav Stanković|Bora Stanković]] is set in Vranje.

Vranje is famous for its popular old music. The best known music is from the theater piece with music, ''Koštana'', by Bora Stanković. This original music style has been renewed recently by taking different, specific, and more oriental form, with the contribution of rich brass instruments. It is played particularly by the Vranje [[Romani people]].

Vranje is the seat of [[Pčinja District]] and, as such, is a major center for cultural events in the district. Most notable annual events are Borina nedelja, Stari dani, Dani karanfila (in [[Vranjska Banja]]), etc.

Vranje lies close to [[Besna Kobila]] mountain and Vranjska Banja, locations with high potential that are underdeveloped. Other locations in and around Vranje with some tourist potential include [[Prohor Pčinjski Monastery|Prohor Pčinjski monastery]], [[Kale-Krševica]], Markovo kale, Pržar, birth-house museum of Bora Stankovic.

Largest hotels are Hotel Vranje, near the center and Hotel Pržar overlooking the city and the valley. The city has traditional [[Serbian cuisine]] as well as international cuisine restaurants and many cafes and bars.

===Culture institutions===
 [[File:Vranje Museum.jpg|thumb|right|190px|The Museum of Vranje]]
* National Museum (in former Pasha's residence, built in 1765)
* Youth Cultural Centre
* National Library
* Centre for Talents
* Theater "Bora Stanković"
* Tourist organization of Vranje

===Sport===
The city used to have an [[association football]] team, [[Dinamo Vranje]], which has since been disbanded.

==Economy==
[[File:Бундеве на њиви.JPG|thumb|right|200px|[[Pumpkins]] in the suburb village of Vlase.]]
Vranje is located in southern Serbia, on [[Pan-European corridor X|Corridor X]] near the border with [[North Macedonia]] and [[Bulgaria]]. The distance from [[Thessalonica]] international harbor is {{convert|285|km|0|abbr=on}}; distance from the international airports of [[Skopje]] and [[Niš]] are {{convert|90|km|0|abbr=on}}. Vranje has a long tradition of industrial production, trade, and tourism and is rich in [[natural resources]], such as forests and [[geothermal resources]].<ref name="siepa1">[http://www.siepa.gov.rs/files/pdf/Vranje.pdf Агенција за страна улагања и промоцију извоза Републике Србије (СИЕПА) – Град Врање]</ref>

Until the second half of the 20th century Vranje was a [[Artisan|craftsman]] town. The crafts included weaving, water-milling, and carriages craft. With the beginning of industrialization in the 1960s, many of these crafts disappeared. In those years, many factories were opened, such as the Tobacco Industry of Vranje ({{langx|sr|Дуванска индустрија Врање}}), [[Simpo]], Koštana (shoe factory), Yumco (cotton plant), Alfa Plam (technical goods), SZP Zavarivač Vranje and others.

The most common industries in the city of Vranje are [[timber industry]], clothing, footwear and furniture, food and beverages, agricultural, [[textile industry]], [[chemical industry]], [[construction industry]], [[machinery]] and equipment, and business services. There are more than 2,500 small- and medium-size companies. To potential investors there are industrial sites, with plan documents and furnished infrastructure. Among the companies with business locations in the city are [[British American Tobacco]], [[Simpo]], [[Sanch]], [[Mladenovic D.O.O]], [[Kenda Farben]], [[Danny style]], [[OMV]] and [[Hellenic Petroleum]].<ref name="siepa1"/>

As of September 2017, Vranje has one of 14 [[free economic zone]]s established in Serbia.<ref name="srbeconomiczone2017">{{cite news |last1=Mikavica |first1=A. |title=Slobodne zone mamac za investitore |url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/388105/Slobodne-zone-mamac-za-investitore |access-date=17 March 2019 |work=politika.rs |date=3 September 2017 |language=sr}}</ref>

;Historical statistics
As of 1961, there were 1,525 employees; in 1971, there were 4,374 employees; and in 1998, there were 32,758 employees.{{citation_needed|date=February 2018}} Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, and due to sanctions imposed on FR Yugoslavia during the rule of [[Slobodan Milošević]], the number of employees began to drop; factories which employed a large number of people closed, among whom are Yumco and Koštana. As of 2010, there were only 18,958 employed inhabitants and 7,559 unemployed.{{citation_needed|date=February 2018}} As of 2010, the city of Vranje has 59,278 available workers.{{citation_needed|date=February 2018}} In 2010, the City Council passed the "Strategy of sustainable development of the city of Vranje from 2010 to 2019," for the achievement of objectives through a transparent and responsible business partnership with industry and the public.<ref name="siepa1"/>

As of 2020, a total of 24,509 people were employed. A total of 5,921 people (19.46%) were unemployed.<ref name="stats20">{{cite web|title=MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2021.|url=https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2021/Pdf/G202113048.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=[[Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia]]|date=25 December 2019|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref>

;Economic preview
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022):<ref name="stats2023">{{cite web|title=MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2023.|url=https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2023/PdfE/G202313050.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=[[Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia]]|access-date=20 September 2024}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Activity
! Total
|-
|Agriculture, forestry and fishing||align="right"|161
|-
|Mining and quarrying||align="right"|242
|-
|Manufacturing||align="right"|7,252
|-
|Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply||align="right"|257
|-
|Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities||align="right"|439
|-
|Construction||align="right"|668
|-
|Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles||align="right"|2,953
|-
|Transportation and storage||align="right"|1,036
|-
|Accommodation and food services||align="right"|735
|-
|Information and communication||align="right"|214
|-
|Financial and insurance activities||align="right"|304
|-
|Real estate activities||align="right"|20
|-
|Professional, scientific and technical activities||align="right"|730
|-
|Administrative and support service activities||align="right"|492
|-
|Public administration and defense; compulsory social security||align="right"|1,410
|-
|Education||align="right"|1,691
|-
|Human health and social work activities||align="right"|1,779
|-
|Arts, entertainment and recreation||align="right"|411
|-
|Other service activities||align="right"|339
|-
|Individual agricultural workers||align="right"|56
|- class="sortbottom"
|'''Total'''||align="right"|'''21,188'''
|}

==Notable people==
[[File:Bora Stanković.jpg|180px|thumb|right|A statue of [[Borisav Stanković]] in his hometown of Vranje.]]
[[File:Monument to Justin Popovic in Vranje.jpg|thumb|right|A bust of [[Justin Popović]]]]
*[[Borisav Stanković]] (1876–1927), Serbian writer
*[[Justin Popović]] (1894–1979), theologian and philosopher
*[[Stefan Zdravković]] (1993), singer

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Serbia}}

===Twin towns – sister cities===
The city of Vranje is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Nowy Sącz]], [[Poland]], since 2002<ref name="Nowy Sącz twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.nowysacz.pl/miasta_partnerskie|title=Miasta partnerskie i zaprzyjaźnione Nowego Sącza|access-date = 1 August 2013|work=Urząd Miasta Nowego Sącza|language=pl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523172036/http://www.nowysacz.pl/miasta_partnerskie|archive-date=23 May 2013}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Kavala]], [[Greece]], since 2009
*{{flagicon|KOS}} [[Leposavić]], [[Kosovo]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Međunarodna saradnja|url=http://www.vranje.org.rs/ogradu.php?id=2382&oblast=medjsaradnja|access-date=2021-07-04|website=vranje.org.rs}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|SER}} [[Novi Pazar]], [[Serbia]], since 2015

==See also==
* [[List of cities in Serbia]]
* [[Bora Stanković Gymnasium, Vranje]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|last=Blagojević|first=Miloš|author-link=Miloš Blagojević|title=Државна управа у српским средњовековним земљама|trans-title=State administration in the Serb medieval lands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srAVAQAAIAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Službeni list SRJ|pages=<!--26, 41, 52, 252, 287-->|isbn=9788635504971}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Mitrović
  | first = Andrej
  | author-link = Andrej Mitrović
  | year = 2007
  | title = Serbia's Great War, 1914–1918
  | publisher = Purdue University Press
  | location = [[West Lafayette, Indiana]]
  | isbn = 978-1-55753-477-4
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CI5Wm8771EYC
  }}
*{{cite book|last=Pešić|first=Miodrag|title=Врање|year=1975|publisher=Нова Југославија}}
*{{cite book|title=Врање кроз векове, избор радова|location=Vranje|year=1993}}
*{{cite book|author=Dragoljub Mihajlović|title=Vranje koje ne umire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8jUNAQAAIAAJ|year=1969|publisher=Izdanje autora}}
*{{cite book|last=Simonović|first=Rista|title=Врање, околина и људи|volume=1|year=1964|url=https://issuu.com/m100ychic/docs/vranje_-_okolina_i_ljudi_-_mala}}
*{{cite book|last=Simonović|first=Rista|title=Врање, околина и људи|volume=2|year=1973|url=https://issuu.com/m100ychic/docs/vranje_-_okolina_i_ljudi_ii}}
*{{cite book|last=Simonović|first=Rista|title=Staro vranje koje nestaje|volume=I|year=1984|url=https://issuu.com/m100ychic/docs/staro_vranje_koje_nestaje}}
*{{cite book|title=Врањски гласник: библиографија|year=1998}}
*{{cite book|author=Борислава Лилић|title=Југоисточна Србија, 1878-1918|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j28tAQAAIAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Институт за Савремену Историју|isbn=9788674031025}}
*{{cite book|last=Bulatović|first=Aleksandar|title=Врање: Културна стратиграфија праисторијских локалитета у Врањској регији|year=2007|publisher=Archaeological institute, Belgrade; National museum, Vranje}}
*{{cite book|last=Trifunoski|first=Jovan|title=Врањска котлина|year=1963}}
*{{cite book|last=Nikolić|first=Rista|title=Врањска Пчиња}}
*{{cite book|last=Mišić|first=Siniša|title=Југоисточна Србија средњег века|year=2002|publisher=Međuopštinski arhiv Vranje i Udruženje istoričara Braničeva i Timočke krajine|location=Vranje|pages=<!--7, 10–12, 14–16, 18, 20–21, 24–26, 29, 31, 34–35, 38–42, 44–49, 52, 61–62, 66, 68, 70–72, 86, 90–93, 98, 103–105-->|url=https://issuu.com/m100ychic/docs/jugoistocna_srbija_srednjeg_veka}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|author=Tatomir P. Vukanović|title=Vranje: etnička istorija i kulturna baština vranjskog gravitacionog područja u doba oslobođenja od Turaka, 1878|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qaVNHQAACAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Radnički univerzitet u Vranju}}
*{{cite book|author=Сања Златановић|title=Свадба – прича о идентитету: Врање и околина|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLKuw_ikyEsC|year=2003|publisher=Etnografski institut SANU|isbn=978-86-7587-026-5}}
*{{cite book|author=Jadranka Đorđević|title=Srodnički odnosi u Vranju|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FatOAAAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Etnografski institut|isbn=978-86-7587-018-0}}
*{{cite book|title=Hrabri vranjski i moravski bataljoni: 1912-1918|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xHEyAAAAIAAJ|year=1970|publisher=Vranjska podružnica Udruženja nosilaca Albanske spomenice}}
*{{cite journal|last=Bazić|first=Mirjana|title=Istorijski značaj i prosvetna politika grada Vranja|journal=Baština|volume=24|year=2008|pages=253–260|url=http://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0353-9008/2008/0353-90080824253B.pdf}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Vranje}}
* {{official website|http://www.vranje.org.rs/}}
* [http://www.bibliotekavranje.rs/index.php Library of Vranje]
* [http://muzejvranje.rs/ Museum of Vranje]
* [http://www.tovranje.rs Tourist organization of Vranje] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514070941/http://www.tovranje.rs/ |date=14 May 2014 }}

{{Vranje municipality}}
{{Pčinja District}}
{{Municipalities and cities of Southern and Eastern Serbia}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Vranje| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Pčinja District]]
[[Category:Municipalities and cities of Southern and Eastern Serbia]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Southern Serbia]]