View source for Wacław Rzewuski

{{Short description|Polish dramatist (1706–1779)}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2006}}
{{Infobox noble|type
| name              = Wacław Rzewuski
| title             = 
| image             = Poland Wacław Rzewuski.jpg
| caption           = Portrait of Wacław Piotr Rzewuski as Field Hetman of the Crown, ca. 1752, [[National Museum, Lublin|National Museum of Lublin]].
| alt               = 
| CoA               = [[Krzywda coat of arms|Krzywda]]
| more              = no 
| reign             = 
| reign-type        = 
| predecessor       = 
| successor         = 
| suc-type          = 
| succession        = 
| spouse            = [[Anna Lubomirska (d. 1763)|Anna Lubomirska]]
| issue             = [[Stanisław Ferdynand Rzewuski]]<br/>Józef Rzewuski<br/>[[Seweryn Rzewuski]]<br/>[[Maria Ludwika Rzewuska]]<br/>[[Teresa Karolina Rzewuska|Teresa Karolina Anna Rzewuska]]
| issue-link        = 
| issue-pipe        = 
| full name         = 
| styles            = 
| titles            = 
| noble family      = [[Rzewuski family|Rzewuski]]
| house-type        = 
| father            = [[Stanisław Mateusz Rzewuski]]
| mother            = Ludwika Kunicka h. [[Bończa Coat of Arms|Bończa]]
| birth_date        = 1706
| birth_place       = [[Rozdil|Rozdół]], [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
| christening_date  = 
| christening_place = 
| death_date        = {{death year and age|1779|1706}}
| death_place       = [[Sielec, Lublin Voivodeship|Sielec]], [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
| burial_date       = 
| burial_place      = 
| occupation        = 
}}

'''Wacław Piotr Rzewuski''' (1706–1779) was a Polish dramatist and poet as well as a military commander and a Grand Crown [[Hetman]]. As a notable [[Szlachta|nobleman]] and [[magnate]], Rzewuski held a number of important posts in the administration of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].

== Biography ==
He was a [[Field Clerk of the Crown]] since 1732, [[voivode]] of [[Podole Voivodship]] between 1736 and 1762 (with a gap between 1750 and 1756). In 1735 he received the prestigious [[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]]. A brave soldier, since 1752 he held the rank of Field Hetman of the Crown. A [[Castellan]] of several notable towns, he was an important politician at the Royal Court in [[Warsaw]] and was one of the main supporters of the [[liberum veto]] during the [[Sejm|Diet]] of 1764, when he became known for his dispute with [[Szymon Konarski]]. During the Diet of 1767 ([[Repnin Sejm]]) he opposed Prince [[Nikolai Repnin]]'s - Russia's ambassador to the Commonwealth - [[interventionism (politics)|interfering in Poland's domestic affairs]]. In response, he was kidnapped along with his son Seweryn and two other prominent Polish politicians by Russian agents and imprisoned in [[Kaluga]]. Upon his release in April 1773 he was promoted for his merits to the rank of [[Grand Crown Hetman]], but resigned the post in November of that year.

Since 1778 he was the Castellan of [[Kraków]] and the Voivode of [[Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795)|Kraków Voivodship]]. At the end of his life he was also the [[Starost]] of [[Chełm]], [[Ułany]], [[Romanów, Greater Poland Voivodeship|Romanów]], [[Dolyna|Dolina]], [[Drohobycz]] and [[Kruszwica]].

As a writer, Rzewuski authored a number of [[classicism|classicist]] [[comedy|comedies]] (including the 1759 play ''Natręt'') and several historical [[tragedy|tragedies]], including a biography of [[Stanisław Żółkiewski]] (1758). He also published a number of poems and a poetic handbook ''On the Science of Poetry'' (1762). All of his works were published in 1962.

He was the great-grandfather of [[Ewelina Hańska]], wife of French author [[Honoré de Balzac]].<ref>Pierrot, Roger. ''Ève de Balzac''. Paris: Éditions Stock, 1999. {{ISBN|2-234-05050-2}}. French. Page 3.</ref>

Rzewuski owned [[Pidhirtsi Castle]] and also the nearby [[Olesko Castle]].

==Wife== 
Princess '''Anna Lubomirska''' (1717 — 1763) was a Polish noblewoman (Polish language: ''[[szlachcianka]]''), Grand Hetmaness of the Crown (hetmanowa wielka koronna), and diarist, who was known for her piety.<ref>Sadok W. Barącz: Towarzysz duchowienstwa katolickiego. Vol. 1. Tarnopol 1864, p. 447.</ref>

She married Rzewuski in 1732.<ref>{{cite web |title=nina.gov.pl |url=http://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/waclaw-rzewuski-h-krzywda |url-status=dead |access-date=2017-11-21 |archive-date=2017-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925185501/http://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/waclaw-rzewuski-h-krzywda }}</ref>

On September 14, 1748, while she stayed in Vienna, she was received the [[Order of the Starry Cross]], which was the highest Austrian state badge for women at the time.<ref>Jerzy Sewer Dunin Borkowski: Panie polskie przy dworze rakuskim. Lwów 1891, p. 77.</ref>

===Publications===
*''Nabożeństwo codzienne świętey pamięci Jeymości pani Anny z Xiążąt Lubomirskich Rzewuskiey Woiewodziny Krakowskiej, Hetmanowey polskiey Koronney, wyięte z książek Jey ręką pisanych'' (Warszawa, 1792),<ref>[https://www.estreicher.uj.edu.pl/staropolska/baza/wpis/?sort=nazwisko_imie&order=-1&id=190388&offset=36031&index=13 Staro Polska] {{dead link|date=March 2023}}</ref> second edition: ''Nabożeństwo codzienne wyjęte z książek jej ręką pisanych'' (Łuck, year unknown)<ref>Estreicher: Bibliografia polska. Vol. 9. 1886 p. 652.</ref>

==Children==
Wacław Rzewuski had ten children.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/waclaw-rzewuski-h-krzywda|title=Wacław Rzewuski h. Krzywda|access-date=2017-11-21|archive-date=2017-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925185501/http://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/waclaw-rzewuski-h-krzywda|url-status=dead}}</ref> Five of them survived childhood:
* [[Stanisław Ferdynand Rzewuski]] (1737–1786), [[Great Chorąży of Lithuania]]
* Józef Rzewuski (1739–1816), general and member of the [[Sejm]]  
* [[Seweryn Rzewuski]] (1743–1811), [[Hetman|Field Hetman of the Crown]]
* [[Teresa Karolina Rzewuska|Teresa Karolina Anna Rzewuska]] (1742–1787), married [[Karol Stanisław "Panie Kochanku" Radziwiłł|Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł]]
* [[Maria Ludwika Rzewuska]] (1744–1816), married [[Chodkiewicz|Jan Mikołaj Chodkiewicz]]<ref>[https://apcz.umk.pl/KLIO/article/view/37532/33659 Dyspozycje Ludwiki Marii z Rzewuskich Chodkiewiczowej dotyczące dzieci], pp. 73-74.</ref>

==Notes==

{{reflist}}

{{Hetmans GC}}
{{Hetmans FC}}
{{Sejm Marshals of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rzewuski, Waclaw}}
[[Category:1706 births]]
[[Category:1779 deaths]]
[[Category:Rzewuski family|Waclaw]]
[[Category:Ruthenian nobility of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
[[Category:Field Crown Hetmans]]
[[Category:Great Crown Hetmans]]
[[Category:Secular senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
[[Category:Radom confederates]]
[[Category:Polish exiles in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:18th-century Polish–Lithuanian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Polish male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:18th-century Polish–Lithuanian poets]]
[[Category:Polish male poets]]
[[Category:18th-century male writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)]]


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