View source for Walter Charleton

{{Short description|English writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
[[Image:Charleton 1619-1707.png|thumb|Walter Charleton]]
[[File:Walter Charleton b1619.jpg|thumb|Walter Charleton]]
'''Walter Charleton''' (2 February 1619 – 24 April 1707) was a [[natural philosopher]] and [[English people|English]] writer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sipowicz |first=Maks |date=2023 |title=Walter Charleton, wellbeing, and the Cartesian passions |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/17496977.2022.2063505 |journal=Intellectual History Review |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=609–628 |doi=10.1080/17496977.2022.2063505 |issn=1749-6977|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

According to Jon Parkin, he was "the main conduit for the transmission of [[Epicurean]] ideas to England".<ref>Jon Parkin, ''Science, Religion and Politics in Restoration England: Richard Cumberland's De Legibus Naturae'' (1999), p. 149.</ref>

==Life==
He was the son of the rector of [[Shepton Mallet]] in [[Somerset]], where he was born 2 February 1619. He received his early education from his father, and when sixteen entered [[Magdalen Hall, Oxford]], under the tuition of [[John Wilkins]]. At the early age of 22 (1641) he received the degree of M.D. and in the same year was appointed physician to [[Charles I of England|Charles I]], who was then at [[Oxford]]. In 1650 Charleton settled in London, and was on 8 April admitted a candidate of the [[Royal College of Physicians|College of Physicians]]. A royalist, he was appointed physician to the exiled king Charles II but remained in London writing, in Russell Street, [[Covent Garden]].<ref name = DNB>[[:s:Charleton, Walter (DNB00)]]</ref>

He was continued in his office of physician at the [[English Restoration|Restoration]], and was one of the first elected [[fellows of the Royal Society]] in 1663; on 23 January 1676 he was admitted a [[fellow of the Royal College of Physicians]]. He gave the first lectures delivered in the Cutlerian Theatre in Warwick Lane, in 1680 delivered the [[Harveian oration]], and was president in 1689 and 1691. After his last year of presidency at the College of Physicians, Charleton left London and a dwindling medical practice. He retired to [[Nantwich]]; but returned to London, and was senior censor in the College of Physicians from 1698 to 1706, and delivered Harveian orations in 1680, 1702 and 1706, when he was also appointed Harveian librarian. He died 24 April 1707.<ref name = DNB/>

He had in early life read much in [[Jan Baptist van Helmont|Van Helmont]], and spent time in reading and composition, rather than with patients. [[Thomas Hobbes]], [[Lord Dorchester]], [[Sir Francis Prujean]] and [[George Ent]] were his friends.<ref name = DNB/>

==Work==
He was a copious writer also on [[theology]], [[natural history]], and [[Artifact (archaeology)|antiquities]], and published ''[[Chorea Gigantum]]'' (1663) to prove that [[Stonehenge]] was built by the [[Danes]]. Charleton claimed it was used by them as a place of assembly, and of the inauguration of kings. The only argument is that similar stone works exist in Denmark, a fact supplied to Charleton by the Danish antiquary, [[Wormius]], with whom he had corresponded on the book of [[Inigo Jones]] in which Stonehenge is said to be a Roman temple. The ''Chorea Gigantum'' had a poem by [[John Dryden]] written in its praise, the ''Epistle to Dr. Charleton'', prefixed to the presentation copy given to the king.<ref name = DNB/>

He was one of the "character" writers, and in this kind of literature wrote an essay ''[[A Brief Discourse concerning the Different Wits of Men]]'' (1675).

==Publications==
* ''Deliramenta Catarrhi'' (1650)
* ''The Darknes of [[Atheism]] Dispelled by the Light of Nature: a physico-theologicall treatise'' (1652)
* ''Physiologia Epicuro-Gassendo-Charletoniana, or a Fabrick of Science Natural, upon the Hypothesis of [[atomism|Atoms]]'' (1654; largely based on [[Pierre Gassendi|Pierre Gassendi's]] ''Animadversiones'', 1649)
* ''Epicurus's Morals'' (1656)
* ''The immortality of the human soul demonstrated by the light of nature'', London 1657.
* ''Dissertatio epistolica de ortu animae humanae, Lugd[uni] Batav[orum]'' 1658. 
* ''Oeconomia Animalis'' (1659)
* ''Natural history of nutrition, life, and voluntary motion'', London: Henry Herringman 1659.
* ''The Ephesian and Cimmerian Matrons'', 1659.
* ''Chorea Gigantum'' (1663)
* ''Natural History of the Passions'' (1674; previously believed to be based on [[Jean-François Senault|Jean-François Senault's]] ''De l'usage des passions'', 1641)
* ''Two Discourses: 1. Concerning the Different Wits of Men, 2. Of the Mysterie of Vintners'', London: William Whitwood 1669.
* ''Enquiries into human nature'', London 1680. 
* ''The Harmony of Natural and Divine Laws'' (1682)
* ''Three anatomic lectures'', London: Walter Kettilby 1683.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Emily Booth (2005) ''A Subtle and Mysterious Machine: The Medical World of Walter Charleton (1619–1707)''
* Sabina Fleitmann, ''Walter Charleton (1620–1707), "Viruoso": Leben und Werke'', Frankfurt: Peter Lang 1986. 
* Anna Maria Oller Adam, ''Walter Charleton (1620–1707): Filosofia Natural, Teologia Natural y Ètica'', PhD diss., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 1995.
* Nina Tomaszewski (2018) ''Walter Charleton's "The Ephesian Matron / Matrona Ephesia". Contextual studies, bilingual edition and commentary''
 
;Attribution
*{{DNB|wstitle=Charleton, Walter}}
*{{A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature}}

==External links==
* [http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/824 Biography at the Royal College of Physicians] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193831/http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/824 |date=4 March 2016 }}
* [http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Walter_Charleton.aspx Encycolopedia.com, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, "Walter Charlton"]

{{Authority control}}
{{Presidents of the Royal College of Physicians}}
{{Medicine}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Charleton, Walter}}
[[Category:English ornithologists]]
[[Category:17th-century English philosophers]]
[[Category:18th-century English philosophers]]
[[Category:Original fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:English naturalists]]
[[Category:1619 births]]
[[Category:1707 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Magdalen Hall, Oxford]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Royal College of Physicians]]