View source for Washington Place

{{Use American English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox NRHP
| name                 = Washington Place
| nrhp_type            = nhl
| partof               = [[Hawaii Capital Historic District]]
| partof_refnum        = 78001020
| image                = Washington Place, O‘ahu (2024)-L1004906.jpg
| caption              = The building in 2024
| location             = 320 Beretania Street, [[Honolulu, Hawaii]]
| coordinates          = {{coord|21|18|31.74|N|157|51|24.36|W|display=inline,title}}
| area                 = {{convert|3.1|acre}}
| built                = 1847
| locmapin             = United States Oahu#Hawaii
| builder              = Isaac Hart<ref name = nrhpinv/>
| architecture         = [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek Revival]]
| added                = June 18, 1973
| designated_nrhp_type = March 29, 2007<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web |url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1535589501&ResourceType=Building |title=Washington Place |access-date=2009-10-05 |work=National Historic Landmark summary listing |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |archive-date=2011-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511180443/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1535589501&ResourceType=Building |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| refnum               = 73000666<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2009a}}</ref>
}}
'''Washington Place''' is a [[Greek Revival]] palace in the [[Hawaii Capital Historic District]] in [[Honolulu, Hawaii]]. It was where [[Liliuokalani|Queen Lili{{okina}}uokalani]] was arrested during the [[overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom]]. Later it became the official residence of the [[governor of Hawaii]]. In 2007, it was designated as a [[National Historic Landmark]].<ref name="nhlsum"/> The current governor's residence was built in 2008 behind the historic residence, and is located on the same grounds as Washington Place.

==Construction==
[[Image:Captain John Dominis.jpg|thumb|left|120px|Captain John Dominis (1796–1846)]]
An American merchant sea captain, John Dominis (1796–1846) came to America in 1819 from [[Trieste]], probably from a [[Croats|Croatian]] family.<ref name="descent">{{cite journal |hdl=10524/409 |title=On the Descent of John Owen Dominis, Prince Consort of Queen Liliuokalani |author=Ante Kovacevic |journal=Hawaiian Journal of History |year=1976 |publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society, Honolulu |volume=10}}</ref>  After making a number of voyages across the Pacific, he relocated to the islands in 1837 with his Bostonian wife [[Mary Jones Dominis]] (1803–1889) and son [[John Owen Dominis]] (1832–1891) from New York. The captain was awarded some land in 1842 as settlement of a lawsuit with the British Consul [[Richard Charlton (Hawaii)|Richard Charlton]]. The captain continued to take voyages to raise money for the construction of a house. In 1846 he sailed for China on the Brig ''William Neilson,'' intending to purchase Chinese-made furniture for the house, which was nearing completion. The ship was lost at sea, along with the American Agent George Brown, and Mary Dominis became a widow.<ref name=nrhpinv/> She rented out a suite of rooms to support herself and young John Owen. One of the first boarders was Anthony Ten Eyck, an American Commissioner to the islands appointed by President [[James K. Polk]] who established the American Legation in the house. Ten Eyck named the house "Washington Place" in a February 22, 1848 letter, after [[George Washington]] in celebration of the first US president's birthday. King [[Kamehameha III]] officially approved the name.<ref name= nrhpinv/>

The American flag was raised at the residence until Mary Dominis's death in 1889 when Liliuokalani had it removed.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=LSPbRywQ3WQC The rights of my people: Liliuokalani's enduring battle with the United States, 1893-1917 By Neil Thomas Proto, page 27].</ref> In 1917, Liliuokalani raised the American flag at Washington Place in honor of five Hawaiian sailors who had perished in the sinking of the SS ''Aztec'' by German submarines. Her act was interpreted by many as her symbolic support of the United States.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=O74GAQAAIAAJ The Outlook, Volume 116, Part 2 By Ernest Hamlin Abbott, Lyman Abbott, Francis Rufus Bellamy, Hamilton Wright Mabie, page 178].</ref><ref>[http://nupepa-hawaii.com/2014/05/28/hawaiian-civilian-boys-casualties-of-wwi-1917/ Five Hawaiian Boys Died, translated from Ke Aloha Aina, Buke XXII, Helu 14, Aoao 1, 6 April 1917]</ref>

The building was designed by the master carpenter Isaac Hart, who had helped build the first [['Iolani Palace|{{okina}}Iolani Palace]]. The building was also constructed by Daniel Jenner, an [[Italy|Italian]] master [[masonry|mason]]. The interior was originally finished by the master painter Israel Wright. [[Native Hawaiians]] were also involved with the construction of the building, but are not named individually by the archival records. Washington Place was constructed with "open [[Lānai (Hawaiian language)|lānai]]s" on all sides.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Historic Landmark Nomination: Washington Place|url={{NRHP url|id=73000666}}|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=September 1, 2012 |date=April 18, 2006|author=Patty Henry and Paul Lusignan}} (50 pages, including maps and photos) (Note: A similar-looking version at {{NHLS url|id=73000666}} has just the first 23 pages.)</ref>

The foundation of the building, the lower level walls and the lower columns are constructed of [[coral]] stone. The upper floor is of wood-frame construction. Washington Place conforms to period [[Louisiana Creole people|French Creole]] Greek Revival houses that were built along the lower Gulf-Coastal region of the southeastern United States. The home was constructed with an almost square core surrounded by a [[peristyle]], a two tiered [[verandah]], [[Tuscan column]]s on its upper floor, and a hipped roof. The interior of the home is arranged in a traditional [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] floor plan, with four distinct [[parlor]]s on the first floor and four bedchambers on the second floor.<ref name= nrhpinv>{{cite web|author=Robert M. Fox and Dorothy Riconda |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Washington Place |work=National Register of Historic Places |publisher=National Park Service |date=September 22, 1972|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/73000666_text }} (document was at {{NRHP url|id=73000666}}, but later NHL nomination appears there now instead)</ref>

==History==
[[Image:Washington Place, circa 1891–93.jpg|thumb|right|The house circa 1891–1893]]
[[William Little Lee]] made Washington Place his home from 1849&ndash;1854. Lee was instrumental in integrating a Western legal system in the Hawaiian Islands, based upon the [[Massachusetts]] model. Lee also authored the [[Great Mahele]], which introduced private land ownership into Hawaiian culture.

Lydia Kamakaeha Pākī, the future [[Liliuokalani|Queen Lili{{okina}}uokalani]] and the [[heir apparent]] to the throne of the [[Kingdom of Hawaii|Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i]], married John Owen Dominis in 1862, making Washington Place the private residence of the princess and future queen. Another Massachusetts lawyer, [[Alfred S. Hartwell]], rented a guest room from 1868 until 1872. He describes Mary as still expecting her husband to return any day.<ref name="nei">{{Cite news|hdl= 10524/51 |title= Forty Years of Hawaii Nei |orig-year= 1908 |work= Fifty-fourth Annual Report |publisher=Hawaii Historical Society |author= Alfred Stedman Hartwell |year= 1946 |pages= 7–24}}</ref>
Mary Dominis died on April 25, 1889, and John Owen Dominis died on August 27, 1891, leaving the property to Lili{{okina}}uokalani, who had just become Queen after the death of her brother, King [[Kalākaua]].

===Arrest of the Queen===
During 1893, Washington Place was the site of the dramatic events of the [[overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom]]. It was there that the queen was arrested by the new governmental forces that were aided by a detachment of [[United States Marines]]. The queen was tried before a military tribunal, where she was charged with concealment of treason against the new government, the [[Republic of Hawaii|Republic of Hawai{{okina}}i]]. She was convicted and was confined for several months at Washington Place after her release from imprisonment at [[{{okina}}Iolani Palace]].

Queen Lili{{okina}}uokalani resided at Washington Place for the remainder of her life. She died in the downstairs bedroom of the house on November 11, 1917. The home offers the citizens of Hawai{{okina}}i a strong sense of place and belonging in association with the kingdom and of Queen Lili{{okina}}uokalani's memory.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Sense of Washington Place |newspaper=Honolulu Star-Bulletin |date=November 25, 1996 |author=Burl Burlingame |url=http://starbulletin.com/96/10/25/features/story1.html |access-date=2009-10-05 |archive-date=October 14, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014050615/http://starbulletin.com/96/10/25/features/story1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Executive Mansion===
In her book, ''Hawai{{okina}}i's Story by Hawai{{okina}}i's Queen'', Lili{{okina}}uokalani described the building as "a palatial dwelling" and a "choice tropical retreat in the midst of the chief city of the Hawaiian islands."

On May 14, 1921, the territorial legislature of Hawai{{okina}}i purchased Washington Place for $55,000 from the estate of Queen Lili{{okina}}uokalani to serve as the Executive Mansion of the [[Governor of Hawaii|Territorial Governor of Hawaii]]. It was remodeled in 1922 by Governor [[Wallace Rider Farrington]]. In all, it was the residence of twelve territorial and state governors of Hawai{{okina}}i. Technically, it was the residence of thirteen governors, because John Owen Dominis, Lili{{okina}}uokalani's consort, had been [[Governors of Oahu|Governor of the island of O{{okina}}ahu]] from 1868 to 1891. The house served in this role until 2002, when it was converted into a historic house museum. It was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on June 18, 1973,<ref name="nris"/> and was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] on March 29, 2007.<ref>{{cite news |title=Washington Place named national historic landmark |newspaper=Honolulu Advertiser |date=April 4, 2007   |url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2007/Apr/04/br/br8571324960.html|access-date=2009-10-05 }}</ref>

In 2002 a new governor's residence was built behind the historic Washington Place, within its grounds, and continues to serve the same purpose.<ref>{{cite web | title=Honolulu Star-Bulletin Features | website=Starbulletin.com | date=November 24, 2002 | url=https://archives.starbulletin.com/2002/11/24/features/index1.html | access-date=June 10, 2025}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:'Iolani Palace is across the street.jpg|Washington Place, seen from the street. (10/2012)
File:Plaque - Queen Lili'uokalani's home - close-up.jpg|Plaque - Queen Lili'uokalani's home - close-up. (10/2012)
File:Washington Place (51871633067).jpg|2022 photograph
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Hawaii}}
*[[List of governors of Hawaii|List of governors of Hawai{{okina}}i]]

==References==
;General
{{reflist}}

;Specific
* Ariyoshi, Jean Hayashi, ''Washington Place, A First Lady's Story'', Honolulu, Japanese Cultural Center of Hawaii, 2004. {{ISBN|0-9761493-0-3}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite journal|last=Price|first=Virginia|title=Washington Place: Harboring American Claims, Housing Hawaiian Culture|journal=Buildings & Landscapes: Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum|location=Minneapolis, MN|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|volume=16|issue=2|year=2009|jstor=27804908|pages=48–72|doi=10.1353/bdl.0.0029|s2cid=161910629|doi-access=free}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}
*[https://washingtonplace.hawaii.gov/ Washington Place]
*{{HABS |survey=HI-6-A |id=hi0850 |title=Washington Place, 320 South Beretania Street, Honolulu, Honolulu County, HI |photos=93 |color=8 |dwgs=26 |data=154 |cap=7}}
**{{HABS |survey=HI-6-A |id=hi0850 |title=Washington Place, Garage, 320 South Beretania Street, Honolulu, Honolulu County, HI |photos=1 |color= |dwgs= |data= |cap=1|link=no}}
**{{HABS |survey=HI-6-B |id=hi0851 |title=Washington Place, Laundry, 320 South Beretania Street, Honolulu, Honolulu County, HI |photos=1 |color= |dwgs= |data= |cap=1|link=no}}
{{Honolulu}}
{{US Governor Mansions}}
{{Registered Historic Places}}
{{Hawaiian royal sites}}

[[Category:Royal residences in Hawaii]]
[[Category:Houses completed in 1847]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in Hawaii]]
[[Category:Governors' mansions in the United States]]
[[Category:Houses in Honolulu County, Hawaii]]
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in Hawaii]]
[[Category:Greek Revival houses in Hawaii]]
[[Category:Museums in Honolulu]]
[[Category:Government buildings in Hawaii]]
[[Category:Historic American Buildings Survey in Hawaii]]
[[Category:1847 establishments in Hawaii]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Honolulu]]
[[Category:Native Hawaiian culture in Honolulu]]
[[Category:Governor of Hawaii]]