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{{Short description|Data format}}
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[[File:Feed-icon.svg|thumb|150px|Common web feed icon]]
On the [[World Wide Web]], a '''web feed''' (or '''news feed''') is a data format used for providing users with frequently updated content. Content distributors ''[[Web syndication|syndicate]]'' a web feed, thereby allowing users to ''subscribe'' a channel to it by adding the feed resource address to a [[news aggregator]] client (also called a ''feed reader'' or a ''news reader''). Users typically subscribe to a feed by manually entering the [[Uniform Resource Locator|URL]] of a feed or clicking a link in a [[web browser]] or by dragging the link from the web browser to the aggregator, thus "RSS and Atom files provide news updates from a website in a simple form for your computer."<ref>[http://blogspace.com/rss/readers Blogspace "RSS readers (RSS info)"]</ref> 

The kinds of content delivered by a web feed are typically [[HTML5|HTML]] (webpage content) or links to webpages and other kinds of digital media. Often, when websites provide web feeds to notify users of content updates, they only include summaries in the web feed rather than the full content itself. Many news [[website]]s, [[weblog]]s, schools and [[podcast]]ers operate web feeds. As web feeds are designed to be [[Machine-readable data|machine-readable]] rather than [[human-readable]] they can also be used to automatically transfer information from one website to another without any human intervention.

==Technical definition==
A web feed is a [[document]] (often [[XML]]-based) whose discrete content items include web links to the source of the content. News websites and blogs are common sources for web feeds, but feeds are also used to deliver structured information ranging from weather data to [[search engine|search]] results. 

Common web feed formats are:

* [[Atom (standard)|Atom]]
* [[JSON Feed]]
* [[RSS]]

Although RSS formats have evolved since March 1999,<ref name="Qstart">{{Cite web |url=http://my.netscape.com/publish/help/quickstart.html |title=My Netscape Network: Quick Start |publisher=[[Netscape|Netscape Communications]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001208063100/http://my.netscape.com/publish/help/quickstart.html |archive-date=December 8, 2000 |access-date=October 31, 2006}}</ref> the RSS icon ("[[File:Feed-icon.svg|16px]]") first gained widespread use between 2005 and 2006.<ref name="rssteam">{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/rssteam/archive/2005/12/14/503778.aspx |title=Icons: It's still orange |date=December 14, 2005 |publisher=Microsoft RSS Blog |author1=Jane |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106074538/http://blogs.msdn.com/rssteam/archive/2005/12/14/503778.aspx |archive-date=November 6, 2008 |access-date=November 9, 2008}}</ref> The feed icon indicates that a web feed is available. 
The original icon was created by Stephen Horlander, a designer at [[Mozilla]]. <!-- No feed support in Mozilla since 2018 though: https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/feed-reader-replacements-firefox -->
With the prevalence of [[JSON]] in [[Web API]]s, a further format, [[JSON Feed]], was defined in 2017.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}

==History==
[[Dave Winer]] published a modified version of the RSS 0.91 specification on the [[UserLand Software|UserLand]] website, covering how it was being used in his company's products and claimed copyright to the document.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://backend.userland.com/rss091#copyrightAndDisclaimer |title=RSS 0.91: Copyright and Disclaimer |last=Winer |first=Dave |date=June 4, 2000 |publisher=[[UserLand Software]] |access-date=October 31, 2006}}</ref> A few months later, UserLand filed a U.S. trademark registration for RSS, but failed to respond to a [[USPTO]] trademark examiner's request and the request was rejected in December 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://tarr.uspto.gov/servlet/tarr?regser=serial&entry=78025336 |title='RSS' Trademark Latest Status Info |last=U.S. Patent & Trademark Office}}</ref>

The [[RSS-DEV Working Group]], a project whose members included Guha and representatives of [[O'Reilly Media]] and Moreover, produced RSS 1.0 in December 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://web.resource.org/rss/1.0/spec |title=RDF Site Summary (RSS) 1.0 |last=RSS-DEV Working Group |date=December 9, 2000 |access-date=October 31, 2006}}</ref> This new version, which reclaimed the name RDF Site Summary from RSS 0.9, reintroduced support for RDF and added [[XML namespaces]] support, adopting elements from standard metadata vocabularies such as [[Dublin Core]].

In December 2000, Winer released RSS 0.92<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://backend.userland.com/rss092 |title=RSS 0.92 Specification |last=Winer |first=Dave |date=December 25, 2000 |publisher=[[UserLand Software]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131184230/http://backend.userland.com/rss092 |archive-date=January 31, 2011 |access-date=October 31, 2006}}</ref>
a minor set of changes aside from the introduction of the enclosure element, which permitted audio files to be carried in RSS feeds and helped spark [[podcast]]ing. He also released drafts of RSS 0.93 and RSS 0.94 that were subsequently withdrawn.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://backend.userland.com/rss093 |title=RSS 0.93 Specification |last=Winer |first=Dave |date=April 20, 2001 |publisher=[[UserLand Software]] |access-date=October 31, 2006}}</ref>

In September 2002, Winer released a major new version of the format, RSS 2.0, that redubbed its initials Really Simple Syndication. RSS 2.0 removed the ''type'' attribute added in the RSS 0.94 draft and added support for namespaces.

Because neither Winer nor the RSS-DEV Working Group had Netscape's involvement, they could not make an official claim on the RSS name or format. This has fueled ongoing controversy in the syndication development community as to which entity was the proper publisher of RSS.

One product of that contentious debate was the creation of an alternative syndication format, Atom, that began in June 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/Battle-of-the-blog/2009-1032_3-5059006.html |title=Dispute exposes bitter power struggle behind Web logs |last=Festa |first=Paul |date=August 4, 2003 |publisher=news.cnet.com |access-date=August 6, 2008 |quote=The conflict centers on something called Really Simple Syndication (RSS), a technology widely used to syndicate blogs and other Web content. The dispute pits Harvard Law School fellow Dave Winer, the blogging pioneer who is the key gatekeeper of RSS, against advocates of a different format.}}</ref> The Atom syndication format, whose creation was in part motivated by a desire to get a clean start free of the issues surrounding RSS, has been adopted as {{IETF RFC|4287}}.

In July 2003, Winer and UserLand Software assigned the copyright of the RSS 2.0 specification to Harvard's [[Berkman Center for Internet & Society]], where he had just begun a term as a visiting fellow.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rssboard.org/advisory-board-notes |title=Advisory Board Notes |date=July 18, 2003 |publisher=[[RSS Advisory Board]] |access-date=September 4, 2007}}</ref> At the same time, Winer launched the [[RSS Advisory Board]] with [[Brent Simmons]] and [[Jon Udell]], a group whose purpose was to maintain and publish the specification and answer questions about the format.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scripting.com/2003/07/18.html#rss20News |title=RSS 2.0 News |publisher=[[Dave Winer]] |access-date=September 4, 2007}}</ref>

In December 2005, the Microsoft Internet Explorer team<ref name="rssteam"/> and
Outlook team<ref>[http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_affronti/archive/2005/12/15/504316.aspx RSS icon goodness], blog post by Michael A. Affronti of Microsoft (Outlook Program Manager), December 15, 2005</ref> announced on their blogs that they were adopting the feed icon first used in the Mozilla [[Firefox]] [[Web Browser|browser]] [[File:Feed-icon.svg|16px]], created by Stephen Horlander, a Mozilla Designer. A few months later, [[Opera Software]] followed suit. This effectively made the orange square with white radio waves the industry standard for RSS and Atom feeds, replacing the large variety of icons and text that had been used previously to identify syndication data.

In January 2006, [[Rogers Cadenhead]] relaunched the RSS Advisory Board without Dave Winer's participation, with a stated desire to continue the development of the RSS format and resolve ambiguities. In June 2007, the board revised their version of the specification to confirm that namespaces may extend core elements with namespace attributes, as Microsoft has done in Internet Explorer 7. According to their view, a difference of interpretation left publishers unsure of whether this was permitted or forbidden.

==Comparison to email subscriptions==
Web feeds have some advantages compared to receiving frequently published content via an email:
* Users do not disclose their email address when subscribing to a feed and so are not increasing their exposure to threats associated with email: spam, viruses, [[phishing]] and [[identity theft]].
* Users do not have to send an unsubscribe request to stop receiving news. They simply remove the feed from their aggregator.
* The feed items are automatically sorted in that each feed URL has its own sets of entries (unlike an email box where messages must be sorted by user-defined rules and pattern matching).

==See also==
::''See [[Wikipedia:Syndication]] on how various aspects of Wikipedia can be monitored with RSS or Atom feeds.''
* [[Web syndication]]
* [[feed: URI scheme]]
* [[Share icon]]
* [[OPML]]
* [[Podcast]]
* [[Feed reader]]
* [[WebSub]]
* [[JSON Feed]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat|Feed icons}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2002/12/18/dive-into-xml.html |title=What is RSS? |last=Pilgrim |first=Mark |date=December 18, 2002}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.mezzoblue.com/archives/2004/05/19/what_is_rssx/ |title=What is RSS/XML/Atom/Syndication? |last=Shea |first=Dave |date=May 19, 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102045824/http://www.mezzoblue.com/archives/2004/05/19/what_is_rssx/ |archive-date=November 2, 2010 |access-date=February 16, 2006}}

{{Podcasting}}
{{Aggregators}}

[[Category:Change detection and notification]]
[[Category:Push technology]]
[[Category:Web syndication]]
[[Category:XML-based standards]]
[[Category:Atom (web standard)]]
[[Category:RSS]]