View source for Weill Cornell Medical Center

{{Short description|Hospital in New York City}}
{{About|the hospital|the medical school|Weill Cornell Medicine}}{{Infobox hospital
| name = Weill Cornell Medical Center
| org/group = [[NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital]]
| logo = New York-Presbyterian Hospital logo.svg
| logo_size = 275px
| Location = 525 East 68th Street
| Region = [[New York City]]
| State = [[New York (state)|NY]]
| Country = U.S.
| Type = Teaching
| image = NewYork-Presbyterian-Weill_Cornell_Medical_Center,_68th_street_facade.jpg
| image_size = 275px
| alt = 
| caption = Weill Cornell Medical Center's campus in 2021
| healthcare = Non-profit  <!-- UK: NHS; AU/CA: Medicare; ELSE free-form text, e.g. Private -->
| funding = 
| religious_affiliation = 
| affiliation = [[Weill Cornell Medicine]] ([[Cornell University]])
| patron = 
| standards = 
| Emergency = [[Trauma center#Level I|Level I Adult Trauma Center]] /<br>[[Trauma center#Pediatric trauma centers|Level II Pediatric Trauma Center]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://weillcornell.org/trauma-center|title=Trauma Center|website=Weill Cornell|access-date=2020-08-16|archive-date=2020-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801211530/https://weillcornell.org/trauma-center|url-status=live}}</ref>

| beds = 862 in current [[Upper East Side]] location<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nyp.org/volunteer/volunteer-locations/weill-cornell-medical-center|title=Weill Cornell Medical Center|website=New York P|access-date=2020-08-15|archive-date=2020-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802032442/https://www.nyp.org/volunteer/volunteer-locations/weill-cornell-medical-center|url-status=live}}</ref>
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| h1-surface = <!-- up to h12 -->
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| former-names = 
| constructed = 
| opened = 1771 <!-- cite in article as well -->
| demolished = 
| website = {{url|https://weill.cornell.edu/}}
| map_type = 
| relief = <!-- any non-blank value (yes, 1, etc.) will cause the template to display a relief map image, where available -->
| map_size = 225
| map_alt = <!-- alternative text for map image, see WP:ALT for details -->
| map_caption = [[Upper East Side]], [[Manhattan]]
| Coordinates = {{coord|40.764690|-73.953960|region:US-NY|format=dms|display = title, inline}}
| Wiki-Links = <!-- optional -->}}

'''Weill Cornell Medical Center''' ({{IPAc-en|w|aɪ|l}}; previously known as '''New York Hospital''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://library.weill.cornell.edu/archives/newyork-presbyterian-hospitalweill-cornell|title=New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell|access-date=2020-08-15|archive-date=2020-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514012440/https://library.weill.cornell.edu/archives/newyork-presbyterian-hospitalweill-cornell|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Old New York Hospital''', and '''City Hospital''') is a research hospital in [[New York City]]. It is the [[teaching hospital]] for [[Cornell University]]'s [[Weill Cornell Medicine|medical school]] and is part of [[NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital]]. 

The hospital was founded in 1771 with a charter from [[George III]]. It is the second-oldest hospital in [[New York City]] and third-oldest hospital in the United States. Since 1912, it has been the main teaching hospital for [[Weill Cornell Medicine]], the [[medical research|biomedical research]] unit and [[medical school]] of Cornell University.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://library.weill.cornell.edu/archives/historical-timeline|title=Historical Timeline|website=Weill Cornell|access-date=2020-08-15|archive-date=2020-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514004831/https://library.weill.cornell.edu/archives/historical-timeline|url-status=live}}</ref> 

Weill Cornell is located on East 68th Street and [[York Avenue]] on the [[Upper East Side]] of New York City. Prior to moving there in 1932, it was located on [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] between Duane Street and Anthony Street on present-day [[Worth Street]].<ref name=encnyc /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~3018~90020002:Map-of-the-City-of-New-York-Extendi|title=City of New York Extending Northward to Fiftieth St.|publisher=M. Dripps|access-date=2017-05-16|archive-date=2017-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426015019/http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~3018~90020002:Map-of-the-City-of-New-York-Extendi|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://library.weill.cornell.edu/archives/historical-beginnings|title=Historical beginnings|website=Weill Cornell|access-date=2020-08-15|archive-date=2020-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514012139/https://library.weill.cornell.edu/archives/historical-beginnings|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1998, New York Hospital merged with [[Presbyterian Hospital (New York City)|Presbyterian Hospital]] to form [[NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital]].

==History==
===18th century===
[[File:Lunatic asylum, New York (NYPL Hades-255346-431257) cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Bloomingdale Insane Asylum]], {{Circa|1830}}]]
[[File:(King1893NYC) pg470 NEW-YORK HOSPITAL, WEST 15TH STREET, NEAR FIFTH AVENUE (cropped).jpg|thumb|An 1893 illustration of the hospital's West 15th Street façade, near [[Fifth Avenue]]|227x227px]]
The hospital's origin can be traced to a 1769 commencement address by [[Samuel Bard (physician)|Samuel Bard]], a graduate of the [[University of Edinburgh Medical School]] and professor of medicine, which was delivered to the first two medical doctors to graduate from King's College, now [[Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons]], titled “A discourse upon the duties of a physician, with some sentiments on the usefulness and necessity of a public hospital.” New York City leaders later pledged one thousand pounds sterling to the hospital's creation.<ref name="dream">{{cite news |title=Dr. Bard's Dream |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/17/archives/dr-bards-dream.html |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=May 17, 1971 |access-date=2014-01-20 |archive-date=2018-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723093854/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/17/archives/dr-bards-dream.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Later the same year, on November 3, 1769, Peter Middleton reported on progress with the hospital's creation in another address to King's College, stating “the necessity and usefulness of a public infirmary has so warmly and pathetically set forth in a discourse delivered by Dr. Samuel Bard... that his Excellency, [[Sir Henry Moore, 1st Baronet|Sir Henry Moore]] immediately set on foot a subscription for that purpose to which himself and most of the gentlemen present liberally contributed.” <ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historydescripti00earlrich|author=Earle, Pliny|title=History, Description, and Statistics of the Bloomingdale Asylum for the Insane|publisher=Egbert, Hovey and King, Printers|location=New York|year=1843}}</ref> Soon thereafter, the new Governor of the Colony, [[John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore]] through the interposition of Lieutenant Governor [[Cadwallader Colden]] started a fund for the establishment of such a hospital.<ref name="anniversary">{{cite news |title=Old New York Hospital. Its Interesting History Retraced by Dr. D. B. St. John Roosa. Episode Of The Doctors Mob. The Aftermath of a Fourth of July Celebration. Forty Years Ago. Surgery Then and Now |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30C12FC3A5F1B738DDDA80994DA405B808CF1D3 |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=February 11, 1900 |access-date=2014-01-20 |archive-date=2014-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203102521/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30C12FC3A5F1B738DDDA80994DA405B808CF1D3 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On June 13, 1771, [[George III|King George III]] of Great Britain granted a royal charter to establish "The Society of the New York Hospital in the City of New York in America" and a Board of Governors for the "reception of such patients as require medical treatment, chirurgical management and maniacs."<ref>{{cite book|author=Bailey, Harriet|url=https://archive.org/details/39002006316237.med.yale.edu/page/26/mode/2up|title=Nursing Mental Diseases|publisher=The Macmillan Company|location=New York|year=1920|page=27}}</ref> The first regular meeting of the Governors after its organization was held on July 24, 1771, at [[Fraunces Tavern]], the same location where General Washington would bid farewell to his officers on December 4, 1783.<ref name=Stone>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ldpd_6499120_000/page/n7/mode/2up|author=Stone, William L.|title=History of New York City from the Discovery to the Present Day|publisher=Virtue and Yorston|location=New York|year=1872|page=231}}</ref>

Attending the first meeting were then hospital president John Watts, [[Philip Livingston]], and Gerardus William Beekman.<ref>{{cite news|title=Old New York Hospital|work=The New York Times|date=February 11, 1900}}</ref> The Governors purchased {{convert|5|acre}} in 1771, on elevated ground surrounded at the time on three sides by marshes.<ref name=Stone /> The location was several miles from the central part of New York; apparently the expansion of the city and the drainage of the marshes, which harbored malaria, was anticipated.

A building's construction began in 1773 but was destroyed by fire before its completion. The [[American Revolutionary War]] delayed the building's reconstruction but a partial structure on [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] and Duane Street served as a barracks for [[Hessian (soldier)|Hessian]] and [[British Army during the American Revolutionary War|British Army soldiers]], as a laboratory for teaching anatomy to medical students, and as a military hospital.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newyorkitsenviro01kobb/page/172/mode/2up|author=Kobbe, Gustav|title=New York and its Environs|publisher=Harper and Brothers|location=Franklin Square, New York|year=1891|page=173}}</ref> 

Although initially ignored by the wider community, grave-robbing incidents in the 1780s were met with public outrage after medical students &ndash; who were taking the corpses in order to dissect them for anatomical study &ndash; turned from stealing from the [[African Burial Ground National Monument|"Negroes Burying Ground"]] to the more closely-located, and white,  [[Trinity Churchyard]]. This provoked a raid on the university, an attack on the student perpetrators, and [[1788 doctors' riot|the "doctors' riot" of 1788]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Blakey, M. L.|year=1998|title=The New York African Burial Ground Project: An Examination of Enslaved Lives, A Construction of Ancestral Ties|publisher=Transforming Anthropology|volume=7|number=1|pages=53–58}}</ref>

The hospital opened on January 3, 1791.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3908049&view=1up&seq=139|editor=Hurd, Henry|title=The Institutional Care of the Insane in the United States and Canada|volume=III|publisher=The Johns Hopkins Press|location=Baltimore|year=1916|page=111}}</ref> Initially it was a small, two-story H-shaped building located along the west side of [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] between present day [[Worth Street|Worth]] and Duane streets, set back from the street frontage about 90 feet to allow for landscaping and expansion.<ref>{{cite web|title=New York-Presbyterian Hospital/ Weill Cornell Medical Center|url=https://weill.cornell.edu/archives/history/nyp.html?name1=New+York+Hospital&type1=2Active|access-date=March 28, 2011|archive-date=July 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727133746/http://weill.cornell.edu/archives/history/nyp.html?name1=New+York+Hospital&type1=2Active|url-status=live}}</ref>  The hospital's first patients were suffering from [[smallpox]], [[syphilis]], and acute [[bipolar disorder]]. In 1798, the hospital's governors announced the hospital's priorities as medical treatment, surgical treatment, psychiatric treatment of the medically ill (then called "maniacs"), and post-partum treatment of women.<ref name=Stone />

===19th century===
After some years of experience in treating the [[mental disorder|mentally ill]], the hospital's board of governors decided to construct an additional building designed to specialize in treatment of the mentally ill. After receiving financial assistance from the New York state legislator, the governors erected "a substantial and spacious stone edifice on the grounds of the hospital in the city, within the same enclosure, and but a few rods distant from the original building. It was finished and opened on July 15, 1808. On the same day, 19 patients were moved to it from wards in other buildings and 48 total patients were admitted. The new department was called the Lunatic Asylum.

In June 1821, the hospital opened the [[Bloomingdale Insane Asylum]] on Broadway and [[116th Street (Manhattan)|West 116th Street]] in [[Morningside Heights, Manhattan|Morningside Heights]].<ref>Earle, Pliny (1843) ''[https://archive.org/details/historydescripti00earlrich History, Description, and Statistics of the Bloomingdale Asylum for the Insane]'', New York: Egbert, Hovey and King. p 9.</ref>  Due to real estate pressures, the hospital moved to [[White Plains, New York]] in 1891,<ref name=insane>Grob, Gerald N. "Bloomingdale Insane Asylum" in {{cite enc-nyc2|page=135}}</ref> where it eventually became the [[Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic]], now known as "New York-Presbyterian/Westchester".  The Morningside Heights site became part of [[Columbia University]].<ref name=insane />

New York Hospital outgrew its original building by the 1870s and moved to a new building between [[Fifth Avenue|Fifth]] and [[Sixth Avenue (Manhattan)|Sixth]] Avenues and [[15th Street (Manhattan)|West 15th]] and [[16th Street (Manhattan)|16th]] Streets, which opened in 1877. The original facility was maintained as a 'house of relief', which moved to [[Hudson Street (Manhattan)|Hudson Street]] in 1884.<ref name=encnyc />[[File:New York, the metropolis - its noted business and professional men. (1893) (14779157931).jpg|thumb|New York Hospital in 1893|334x334px]]

===20th century===
[[File:Manhattan hospital (157662283).jpg|thumb|Weill Cornell Medical Center (left) and the [[Hospital for Special Surgery]] (right) in 2006|left]]
In 1912, New York Hospital became affiliated with the [[Cornell University Medical College]]. 

In 1932, the hospital moved to a new location as a joint facility, the [[New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center]], now Weill Cornell Medical Center, on [[York Avenue]] between [[67th Street (Manhattan)|East 67th]] and [[68th Street (Manhattan)|68th]] Streets.

In 1998, New York Hospital merged administratively with [[Presbyterian Hospital (New York City)|Presbyterian Hospital]] to become [[NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital]] (NYP). Despite the clinical alliance, the faculty and instructional functions of the [[Weill Cornell Medicine|Cornell]] and [[Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons|Columbia]] medical school units remain largely distinct and independent. Each hospital in the [[NewYork–Presbyterian Healthcare System]] is affiliated with one of the two colleges.

The York Avenue site functions as one of the six NYP campuses.<ref name=encnyc>Lerner, Adele A. "New York Hospital" in {{cite enc-nyc2|page=920}}</ref>

==Komansky Children's Hospital==
In 2005, Komansky Children's Hospital was established at Weill Cornell Medical Center through philanthropic giving from American finance executive [[David Komansky]] for whom the hospital is named.

Komansky Children's Hospital is a pediatric acute care hospital located within Weill Cornell Medical Center. The hospital has 103 beds<ref>{{Cite web|title=NewYork-Presbyterian Komansky Children's Hospital|url=https://www.childrenshospitals.org/Directories/Hospital-Directory/K-O/NewYorkPresbyterian-Komansky-Childrens-Hospital|access-date=2020-01-30|website=www.childrenshospitals.org|archive-date=2020-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130010118/https://www.childrenshospitals.org/Directories/Hospital-Directory/K-O/NewYorkPresbyterian-Komansky-Childrens-Hospital|url-status=live}}</ref> and is affiliated with [[Weill Cornell Medicine]] and is a member of [[NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital|New York-Presbyterian Hospital]]. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to pediatric patients aged 0–21 throughout [[New York City]]. 

The hospital is certified as a Level II Trauma Center and houses the only pediatric burn unit in the [[New York City Metropolitan Area]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Burn Center {{!}} Weill Cornell Medicine|url=https://weillcornell.org/burn-center|access-date=2020-01-30|website=weillcornell.org|archive-date=2020-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130010126/https://weillcornell.org/burn-center|url-status=live}}</ref> Komansky Children's Hospital is a full-service [[pediatric]] hospital within a hospital and has been routinely listed by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'''s as one of the nation's best children's hospitals. It is one of only ten children's hospitals in the nation to be ranked by ''U.S. News & World Report'' in all ten clinical specialties.

==Notable births, hospitalizations, and deaths==
===Births===
*[[George Carlin]], comedian and writer
*[[Caroline Kennedy]], U.S. ambassador to Australia and daughter of former [[John F. Kennedy|U.S. president John F. Kennedy]]
*[[Rose Schlossberg]], granddaughter of former [[John F. Kennedy|U.S. president John F. Kennedy]]
*[[Tatiana Schlossberg]], granddaughter of former [[John F. Kennedy|U.S. president John F. Kennedy]]
*[[Sean Lennon]], musician and son of [[John Lennon]] and [[Yoko Ono]]
*[[Jay Rockefeller]], former U.S. Senator
*[[Prince Constantine Alexios of Greece and Denmark]], son of [[Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece]]
*[[Princess Maria-Olympia of Greece and Denmark]], daughter of [[Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece]]
*[[Prince Achileas-Andreas of Greece and Denmark]], son of [[Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece]]
*Princess Leonore, Duchess of Gotland, granddaughter of [[Carl XVI Gustaf|King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden]] and member of the [[House of Bernadotte]].

===Hospitalizations===
*[[Lauren Manning]], author and [[September 11 attacks]] victim
*[[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], the last [[Shah of Iran]]

===Deaths===
*[[Arthur Ashe]], professional tennis player
*[[Robert Atkins (physician)|Robert Atkins]], physician who developed the [[Atkins diet]]
*[[Emil N. Baar]], New York Supreme Court justice
*[[Peaches Browning]], actress
*[[Yul Brynner]], actor
*[[Cy Coleman]], composer
*[[Jessica Dragonette]], singer
*[[Nora Ephron]], actress
*[[Constance Ford]], actress and model
*[[Frederic Franklin]], choreographer
*[[Greta Garbo]], actress
*[[Elisabeth Irwin]], founder of the [[Little Red School House]]
*[[Judith Jamison]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Gertrude Lawrence]], actress
*[[Rue McClanahan]], actress
*[[Lester del Rey]], science fiction author
*[[Gloria Swanson]], actress
*[[Robert A. Taft]], former U.S. Senator
*[[Andy Warhol]], artist and film director
*[[Maurice Tempelsman]], businessman

== See also ==
*[[1788 Doctors' riot]]
*[[Cornell University]]
*[[List of the oldest hospitals in the United States]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Antonio M. Gotto, and Jennifer Moon, ''Weill Cornell Medicine: A History of Cornell's Medical School'' (Cornell UP, 2016) 

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*[https://www.nyp.org/about/history Official website]

{{Children's hospitals in New York State}}
{{Upper East Side|state=collapsed}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1791]]
[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in the 18th century]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in the 1770s]]
[[Category:Trauma centers]]
[[Category:Art Deco architecture in New York City]]