View source for Welder

{{short description|Tradesperson who specializes in fusing materials together}}
{{About|welding as a trade|other uses|Welder (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Occupation
| name            = Welder 
| image           = [[File:AlfredPalmerwelder1.jpg|250px]]
| caption         = A welder making boilers for a ship, [[Combustion Engineering|Combustion Engineering Company]], Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1942 
| official_names  = Welder
<!------------Details------------------->
| type               = [[Skilled trades|Vocational]]
| activity_sector    = Construction<br/>Industrial manufacturing<br/>Shipbuilding
| competencies       = Manual dexterity<br/>Math<br/>{{nowrap|Reading and comprehension}}
| employment_field   = 
| related_occupation = [[Boilermaker]], [[carpenter]], [[electrician]], [[plumber]]
| average_salary     = 
|formation= [[Industrial Training Institute]] (ITI), [[Apprenticeship]]
}}
[[File:Winnie The Welder.jpg|thumb|right|Welders at work, {{circa|1939}}.]]
A '''welder''' is a person or equipment that [[welding|fuses materials together]]. The term welder refers to the operator, the machine is referred to as the [[welding power supply]]. The materials to be joined can be [[metal]]s (such as [[steel]], [[aluminum]], [[brass]], [[stainless steel]] etc.) or varieties of [[plastic]] or [[polymer]]. Welders typically have to have good [[dexterity]] and attention to detail, as well as technical knowledge about the materials being joined and best practices in the field.<ref>[[Lincoln Electric]] (1994). ''The Procedure Handbook of Arc Welding''. [[Cleveland]]: Lincoln Electric. {{ISBN|99949-25-82-2}}.</ref><ref>Weman, Klas (2003).  ''Welding processes handbook''.  New York: CRC Press LLC. {{ISBN|0-8493-1773-8}}.</ref>

==Safety issues==
Welding, without the proper precautions appropriate for the process, can be a dangerous and unhealthy practice. However, with the use of new technology and proper protection, the risks of injury and death associated with welding can be greatly reduced. Because many common welding procedures involve an open electric arc or a flame, the risk of burns is significant. To prevent them, welders wear [[personal protective equipment]] in the form of heavy [[leather]] [[glove]]s and protective long sleeve jackets to avoid exposure to extreme heat and flames. Additionally, the brightness of the weld area leads to a condition called [[arc eye]] in which [[ultraviolet light]] causes the inflammation of the [[cornea]] and can burn the [[retina]]s of the eyes. Full face [[welding helmet]]s with dark face plates are worn to prevent this exposure, and in recent years, new helmet models have been produced that feature a faceplate that self-darkens upon exposure to high amounts of UV light. To protect bystanders, opaque welding curtains often surround the welding area. These curtains, made of a [[polyvinyl chloride]] plastic film, shield nearby workers from exposure to the UV light from the electric arc, but should not be used to replace the [[filter (optics)|filter]] glass used in helmets.<ref name="Cary">Cary, Howard B. and Scott C. Helzer (2005). ''Modern Welding Technology''. Upper Saddle River, [[New Jersey]]: Pearson Education.  {{ISBN|0-13-113029-3}}.</ref><ref>Blunt, Jane and Nigel C. Balchin (2002). ''Health and Safety in Welding and Allied Processes''. [[Cambridge]]: Woodhead. {{ISBN|1-85573-538-5}}.</ref>

Welders are also often exposed to dangerous gases and [[particulate]] matter.  Processes like flux-cored arc welding and shielded metal arc welding produce [[smoke]] containing particles of various types of [[oxide]]s, which in some cases can lead to medical conditions like [[metal fume fever]]. The size of the particles in question tends to influence the [[toxicity]] of the fumes, with smaller particles presenting a greater danger. Additionally, many processes produce fumes and various gases, most commonly [[carbon dioxide]] and [[ozone]], that can prove dangerous if ventilation is inadequate. Furthermore, because the use of compressed gases and flames in many welding processes pose an explosion and fire risk, some common precautions include limiting the amount of [[oxygen]] in the air and keeping combustible materials away from the workplace.<ref name="Cary"/> Welders with expertise in welding pressurized vessels, including submarine hulls, industrial boilers, and power plant heat exchangers and boilers, are generally referred to as [[boilermakers]].<ref>The International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths, Forgers, and Helpers official website [http://www.boilermakers.org www.boilermakers.org]</ref>

A lot of welders relate to getting small electrical shocks from their equipment. Occasionally, welders might work in damp crowded environments and they consider it to be a "part of the job." Welders can be shocked by faulty conditions in the welding circuit, or, from the work lead clamp, a grounded power tool that is on the bench (the workpiece or the electrode). All of these types of shocks come from the welding electrode terminal. Often these shocks are minor and are misdiagnosed as being an issue with a power tool or the power supply to the welder's area. However, the more likely cause is from stray welding current which occurs when current from the welding cables leaks into the welder's work area. Often this is not a serious problem, however, under the right circumstances, this can be fatal to the welder or anyone else inside the work area. When a welder feels a shock, they should take a minute to inspect the welding cables and ensure that they are clean and dry, and, that there are no cracks or gouges out of the rubber casing around the wire. These precautions may be life-saving to the welders.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hisey|first=David|title=Welding electrical hazards: an update|url=https://www.canaweld.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Welding-Electrical-Hazards-an-update.pdf|journal=Weld World}}</ref>

==Notable welders==
{{category see also|Friction stir welding experts}}

Notable people who have worked as welders include:
*[[İshak Alaton]], Turkish businessman and investor
*[[Steve Baer]], passive-solar-energy designer/manufacturer, and author
*[[Lucian Boz]], Romanian literary critic, essayist, novelist, poet and translator
*[[Bevan Braithwaite]], chief executive of The Welding Institute
*[[Hardcore Holly]], American semi-retired professional wrestler
*[[Mark Honadel]], American businessman, former professional metal fabricator, welding instructor, industrial manager and politician 
*[[William A. Schmidt]], American welder, shop foreman and politician
*[[Stefan Löfven]], Prime Minister of Sweden
*[[Werner Herzog]], German film director
*[[Honoré Sharrer]], American painter
*[[Mohammad Abbas (cricketer)]], Pakistani cricketer
*[[Jesse James (television personality)|Jesse James (entrepreneur)]] West Coast Choppers custom vehicle maker and American television personality
*[[Jessi Combs]] Host of Overhaulin', American professional racer, television personality, and metal fabricator.
*[[Paul Teutul Sr.]] Founder of Orange County Choppers, Custom Motorcycle Manufacturing
*[[Paul Teutul Jr.]] Co-Owner of Orange County Choppers, Custom Motorcycle Manufacturing
*[[Billy Connolly]] Scottish Stand-up Comedian, Actor, Welded at a Shipyard in his youth.
*[[Nyu Kok Meng]], a Malaysian who formerly worked as a welder in [[Singapore]] prior to becoming an armed robber in the high-profile 1983 [[Andrew Road triple murders]]. He was currently released since 2005 after serving a life sentence and receiving 6 strokes of the cane for armed robbery.
*[[Marvin Heemeyer]], perpetrator of the Granby Rampage, in which he built and operated an armoured [[Komatsu Limited|Komatsu]] D355A [[bulldozer]] dubbed "The Killdozer".
{{clear}}

==See also==
* {{annotated link|Hyperbaric welding}}
* {{annotated link|Welder certification}}
* [[Welding table]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Commons category|Welders}}
*ASM International (2003).  ''Trends in Welding Research''.  Materials Park, [[Ohio]]: ASM International.  {{ISBN|0-87170-780-2}}
*Hicks, John (1999).  ''Welded Joint Design''.  [[New York City|New York]]: Industrial Press. {{ISBN|0-8311-3130-6}}.
*Kalpakjian, Serope and Steven R. Schmid (2001).  ''Manufacturing Engineering and Technology''. Prentice Hall.  {{ISBN|0-201-36131-0}}.

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