View source for Wendake

{{For|the community of Wendake Beach|Tiny, Ontario}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = Wendake
|official_name          =
|settlement_type        = [[Urban Indian reserve]]
|image_skyline          = Place de la nation huronne-wendat.jpg
|image_caption          = The Place de la Nation Huronne-Wendat in Wendake
|image_flag             = 
|image_map              = Wendake Quebec location diagram.png
|map_caption            = Location of Wendake within the [[Quebec (census division)|Quebec equivalent territory]]
|pushpin_map            = Canada Central Quebec
|pushpin_label_position = left
|pushpin_label          = 
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location in central Quebec
|coordinates            = {{coord|46|51|24|N|71|21|12|W|type:city_region:CA-QC|notes=<ref name=ESKRK/>|display=inline,title|name=Wendake 7}}
|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name       = Canada
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = Quebec
|subdivision_type2      = [[Census divisions of Quebec|Equivalent territory]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Quebec (census division)|Quebec]]
|subdivision_type3 = First Nation
|subdivision_name3 = [[Huron-Wendat Nation|Huron-Wendat]]
|leader_title           = [[Band government|Grand Chief]]
|leader_name            = [[Rémy Vincent]]
|area_total_km2         = 1.74
|population_total       = 2,200
|population_as_of       = 2021
|population_density_km2 =
|timezone              = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset            = −05:00
|timezone_DST          = EDT
|utc_offset_DST        = −04:00
|postal_code_type      = [[Canadian postal code|Postal code]]
|postal_code           = [[List of G postal codes of Canada|G0A 4V0]]
|area_codes             = [[Area codes 418 and 581|418 and 581]]
|website               = {{URL|http://wendake.ca/}}
}}

'''Wendake''' ({{IPA|fr|wɛndake|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-Wendake.wav}}) is the current name for two [[Urban Indian reserve|urban reserves]], '''Wendake 7'''<ref name=WEN7>{{FNINAC|RVDetail|06086|Wendake 7|18 August 2021}}</ref> ({{coord|46|51|24|N|71|21|12|W|type:city_region:CA-QC|notes=<ref name=ESKRK>{{cite cgndb|id=ESKRK|name=Wendake 7|accessdate=18 August 2021}}</ref>|name=Wendake 7}}) and '''Wendake 7A''',<ref name=WEN7A>{{FNINAC|RVDetail|06087|Wendake 7A|18 August 2021}}</ref> ({{coord|46|52|13|N|71|21|54|W|type:city_region:CA-QC|notes=<ref>{{cite cgndb|id=ESKRL|name=Wendake 7A|accessdate=18 August 2021}}</ref>|name=Wendake 7A}}) of the [[Huron-Wendat Nation]] in the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian province]] of [[Quebec]]. They are enclaves entirely surrounded by the [[La Haute-Saint-Charles, Quebec City|La Haute-Saint-Charles]] borough of [[Quebec City]], within the former city of [[Loretteville, Quebec City|Loretteville]]. One of the [[Seven Nations of Canada]], the settlement was formerly known as ''Village-des-Hurons'' ("Huron Village"), and also as ''(Jeune)-Lorette'' ("New Lorette").

Since the late 20th century, archeologists have found large 16th-century villages of the Wendat (Huron) in the northern [[Lake Ontario]] region, which is where they believe the people coalesced as a distinct group. Later they migrated south and by the early 17th century had settled in their historical territory of Wendake in the [[Georgian Bay]] region. The Wyandot Confederation was made up of loosely associated tribes who spoke a mutually intelligible [[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian language]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wyandotte-nation.org/culture/history/published/native-peoples/|title=The Native Peoples|publisher=Wyandotte Nation|access-date=30 June 2018}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Three chiefs of the Huron.jpg|thumb|left|Three Huron-Wyandot chiefs from the Huron reservation (Lorette) now called Wendake in Quebec, Canada in 1825. At far left is Michel Tsioui (Teachendale), war chief. Centre is Stanislas Coska (Aharathaha), second chief of the council. At far right is André Romain (Tsouhahissen), first chief of the council.]]
[[Archaeology|Archeologists]] have excavated 16th-century settlements north of Lake Ontario at the [[Mantle Site]] (2005), [[Aurora Site]] and [[Ratcliff Site]] in [[Whitchurch-Stouffville]], Ontario, all attesting to distinctly Wendat (Huron) occupancy. They have concluded the people coalesced in this area as a distinct group. Later they migrated to the [[Georgian Bay]] area, where they encountered Europeans in the 17th century.

Until the middle of the 17th century, the Wendake ancestors occupied a vast territory {{citation needed|date=August 2009}} straddling part of what is now the United States (from [[Detroit]] to south-eastern [[Ontario]] ([[Penetanguishene]] and [[Midland, Ontario|Midland]]) and [[Quebec]]. They hunted and trapped throughout this territory (mainly in the [[Laurentian Mountains]], between the central section of the [[Saint-Maurice River|Saint-Maurice]] and the [[Saguenay River|Saguenay]] rivers).

Between 1634 and 1650, the Wyandot Confederation was dismembered; its families, having been gathered into four or five [[tribe]]s, were dispersed. It is estimated that the Huron population totalled approximately 20,000 to 30,000 people in 1634.  By 1650, only a few hundred individuals remained. Most had been decimated by [[Infection|infectious]] disease [[epidemic]]s, to which they had no natural [[Immunity (medical)|immunity]]; survivors were attacked by wars, especially by the [[Iroquois|Iroquois Confederacy]], who pushed from the south (present-day New York) trying to control hunting grounds and the [[fur trade]].

Part of the Huron population had also been integrated into the Iroquois Confederation. The survivors of this tragic period divided into two groups in Canada: the Great-Lake Wyandot and the Huron-Wendat. The latter were the ancestors of the Huron-Wendat of Wendake. This marked the beginning of a period of exile for the 300 or so Wendat who remained, an era during which they would occupy as many as six different sites in the province of Quebec.  They finally settled for good in the village of Lorette in 1697. First established on [[Île d'Orléans]] in 1651, the community moved to Quebec City in 1668. Subsequently, the Wendat temporarily resided in [[Beauport, Quebec City|Beauport]], Notre Dame de Foy, [[L'Ancienne-Lorette]] and then [[Loretteville, Quebec City|New Lorette]] in 1673.

As of the [[2016 Canadian census]] the population of the two reserves was 2,135 people and the [[Huron-Wendat Nation]] has a total of 4,314 registered members, most of which live off reserve.<ref name=FNMain>{{FNINAC|FNMain|50|Wendake 7|18 August 2021}}</ref> Wendake 7 occupies an area of {{convert|133.4|ha|km2 sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref name=WEN7/> and Wendake 7A {{convert|244.6|ha|km2 sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref name=WEN7A/> for a total of {{convert|378|ha|km2 sqmi|abbr=on}}.

As of 2021, the Grand Chief is [[Rémy Vincent]] and  previous chiefs include [[Konrad Sioui]], who succeeded [[Max Gros-Louis]] in 2008.<ref name=FNMain/>

The Huron had called their historic homeland [[Wyandot people|Wendake]]; it was the territory south of [[Georgian Bay]] in present-day [[Simcoe County|Simcoe]] and [[Grey County]] counties. The region was informally known as "Huronia" or the [[Georgian Triangle]]. A very large 15th-century Huron-Wendat settlement (the [[Mantle Site]]) has recently been discovered in Whitchurch–Stouffville. Its discovery has added to archeologists and anthropologists believing that the Wendat arose as a people in this area.

Other remnants of the Wendat and [[Petun]] peoples formed the Wyandot and migrated south, to present-day Michigan. Later they were forced west of the Mississippi River to [[Indian Territory]] in Kansas and Oklahoma. In the United States, there is one federally recognized Wyandot tribe: the [[Wyandotte Nation]] of Oklahoma. The self-identified [[Wyandot Nation of Kansas]] and [[Wyandot Nation of Anderdon]] in Michigan are not federally recognized. In August 1999, these nations joined the contemporary Wendat Confederacy, pledging to provide mutual aid to each other in a spirit of peace, kinship, and unity.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090202101621/http://www.wyandotte-nation.org/wendat_confederacy.html "The Wendat Confederacy"], August 27, 1999, ''Wyandotte Nation of Oklahoma.'' 2008 (retrieved February 2, 2009)</ref>

{{Gallery
|width=220
|height=220
|align=center
|Wendake Entrée Quebec.jpg|Entrance sign
|Lieu historique national du Canada de l'Arrondissement-Historique-du-Vieux-Wendake.JPG|Old Wendake Historic District [[National Historic Site of Canada]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=wendake&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&DGUIDlist=2021A00052423802 Community Profile: Wendake Indian Reserve, Quebec; Statistics Canada]

==External links==
{{Commons category|Wendake}}
*[http://www.wendake.ca/ Wendake website] {{in lang|fr}}

{{Quebec City}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian reserves in Quebec]]
[[Category:Huron-Wendat Nation]]
[[Category:National Historic Sites in Quebec]]
[[Category:1651 establishments in the French colonial empire]]
[[Category:Canada geography articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]
[[Category:Ethnic enclaves in Quebec]]
[[Category:Populated places in Capitale-Nationale]]
[[Category:Quebec City Area]]