View source for William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire

{{Short description|British politician}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox politician
| name = The Duke of Devonshire
| honorific_prefix = [[Grace (style)|His Grace]]
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=|KG|PC}}
| image = 3rd Duke of Devonshire.jpg
| image_size = 250
| caption =
| order1 = [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]]
| term_start1 = 1737
| term_end1 = 1744
| monarch1 = [[George II of Great Britain|George II]]
| predecessor1 = [[Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset|The Duke of Dorset]]
| successor1 = [[Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield|The Earl of Chesterfield]]
| order2 = [[Lord Steward]]
| term_start2 = 1733
| term_end2 = 1737
| monarch2 = George II
| term_start3 = 1744
| term_end3 = 1749
| monarch3 = George II
| order4 = [[Lord Privy Seal]]
| term_start4 = 1731
| term_end4 = 1733
| monarch4 = George II
| successor4 = [[Henry Lowther, 3rd Viscount Lonsdale|The Viscount Lonsdale]]
| birth_date = 26 September 1698
| death_date = 5 December 1755
| nationality = British
| spouse = [[Catherine Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|Catherine Hoskins]]
| children = 7 (including [[William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire]], [[Lord John Cavendish]], and [[Lord Frederick Cavendish (British Army officer)|Lord Frederick Cavendish]])
| parents = [[William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire]]<br> [[Rachel Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|Rachel Russell]]
}}
[[File:Coat of arms of William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire, KG, PC.png|thumb|right|250px|Quartered coat of arms of William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire, KG, PC]]

'''William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KG|PC}} (26 September 1698 – 5 December 1755) was a British [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] politician who sat in the [[House of Commons of Great Britain]] from 1721 to 1729.

==Life==
Cavendish was the son of [[William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire]], and his wife, the [[Rachel Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|Hon. Rachel Russell]], and was known as Marquess of Hartington.

Like his father, Lord Hartington was active in public life. He was returned unopposed as [[member of parliament]] for [[Lostwithiel (UK Parliament constituency)|Lostwithiel]] at a by-election in 1721. At the [[1722 British general election|1722 general election]] he was returned unopposed as MP for [[Grampound (UK Parliament constituency)|Grampound]]. He was also unopposed when he was returned as MP for [[Huntingdonshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Huntingdonshire]] at the [[1727 British general election|1727 general election]]. He surrendered the seat in 1729 when his father's death sent him to the House of Lords.<ref name = HOP>{{cite web| url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1715-1754/member/cavendish-william-1698-1755| title = CAVENDISH, William, Mq. of Hartington (?1698-1755), of Chatsworth, Derbys.| publisher = History of Parliament Online| access-date = 17 August 2018| archive-date = 14 June 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210614052010/http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1715-1754/member/cavendish-william-1698-1755| url-status = live}}</ref> He was made a [[Privy Council of Great Britain|Privy Counsellor]] in 1731. He served as [[Lord Privy Seal]] from 1731 to 1733, when he was invested as a [[Order of the Garter|Knight of the Garter]]. He later served for seven years as [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]].<ref name=Politics>{{cite news |url=http://www.chatsworth.org/attractions-and-events/art-archives/about-chatsworth/history-of-chatsworth/18th-century |title=William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire (1698 – 1755) |publisher=Chatsworth House |date=27 March 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923202358/http://www.chatsworth.org/attractions-and-events/art-archives/about-chatsworth/history-of-chatsworth/18th-century |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He sold the [[Old Devonshire House]] at 48 Boswell Street, Theobald's Road, in [[Bloomsbury]], and in 1734 engaged the architect [[William Kent]] to build a new [[Cavendish House]] in fashionable [[Piccadilly]]. In 1739, he was enlisted as a founding governor of a new children's charity, the [[Foundling Hospital]] in Bloomsbury, London, which aimed to alleviate the problem of infants being abandoned by destitute mothers and which later became a centre for art and music.

During the [[Jacobite rising of 1745]] the Duke raised a [[militia]] unit in support of the King known as [[the Derbyshire Blues]], which mustered at the George Inn, Derby, on 3 December 1745.

==Marriage and issue==
On 27 March 1718, he married [[Catherine Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|Catherine Hoskins]] (1700–1777), daughter of John Hoskins of Oxted (1640–1717) and Catherine Hale (1673–1703).

The Duke and Duchess had seven children:
* Lady Caroline Cavendish (22 May 1719 – 20 January 1760), who married [[William Ponsonby, 2nd Earl of Bessborough]], and had issue.
* [[William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire]] (1720 – 2 October 1764)
* [[Lord George Augustus Cavendish]] (died 2 May 1794), died unmarried.
* Lady Elizabeth Cavendish (born before 1727 – died 1796), married [[John Ponsonby (politician)|John Ponsonby]] and had issue.
*Lady Rachel Cavendish (7 June 1727 – 8 May 1805), who married [[Horatio Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford]].
* [[Lord Frederick Cavendish (British Army officer)|Field Marshal Lord Frederick Cavendish]] (c. 1729 – 21 October 1803), died unmarried.
* [[Lord John Cavendish]] (c. 1734–1796)

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==


{{s-start}}
{{s-par|gb}}
{{s-bef| before = [[Galfridus Walpole]] | before2 = [[John Newsham]] }}
{{s-ttl| title  = Member of Parliament for [[Lostwithiel (UK Parliament constituency)|Lostwithiel]]
       | with   = [[John Newsham]] 1721–1722
       | with2  = [[Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield|Lord Stanhope]] 1722–1724
       | years  = 1721–1724 }}
{{s-aft| after  = [[Sir Orlando Bridgeman, 2nd Baronet|Sir Orlando Bridgeman, Bt]] | after2 = [[Henry Parsons (English politician)|Henry Parsons]] }}

{{s-bef| before = [[John West, 1st Earl De La Warr|Hon. John West]] | before2 = [[Richard West (Lord Chancellor of Ireland)|Richard West]] }}
{{s-ttl| title  = Member of Parliament for [[Grampound (UK Parliament constituency)|Grampound]]
       | with   = [[Humphry Morice (the elder)|Humphry Morice]]
       | years  = [[1722 British general election|1722]]–[[1727 British general election|1727]] }}
{{s-aft| after  = [[Humphry Morice (the elder)|Humphry Morice]] | after2 = [[Philip Hawkins (MP)|Philip Hawkins]] }}

{{s-bef| before = [[John Bigg (died 1748)|John Bigg]] | before2 = [[John Proby (died 1762)|John Proby]] }}
{{s-ttl| title  = Member of Parliament for [[Huntingdonshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Huntingdonshire]]
       | with   = [[John Bigg (died 1748)|John Bigg]]
       | years  = [[1727 British general election|1727]]–1729 }}
{{s-aft| after  = [[John Bigg (died 1748)|John Bigg]] | after2 = [[Robert Pigott (MP)|Robert Piggott]] }}

{{s-hon}}
{{succession box
 | title  = [[Captain of the Gentlemen Pensioners]]
 | years  = 1726–1731
 | before = [[Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans|The Duke of St Albans]]
 | after  = [[Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington|The Earl of Burlington]]}}
{{succession box
 | title  = [[Lord Lieutenant of Derbyshire]]
 | before = [[William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire|The 2nd Duke of Devonshire]]
 | after  = [[William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire|The 4th Duke of Devonshire]]
 | years  = 1729–1755}}

{{s-off}}
{{succession box
 | title  = [[Lord Privy Seal]]
 | before = In Commission
 | after  = [[Henry Lowther, 3rd Viscount Lonsdale|The Viscount Lonsdale]]
 | years  = 1731–1733}}
{{succession box
 | title  = [[Lord Steward]]
 | before = [[Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield|The Earl of Chesterfield]]
 | after  = [[Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset|The Duke of Dorset]]
 | years  = 1733–1737}}
{{succession box
 | title  = [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]]
 | before = [[Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset|The Duke of Dorset]]
 | after  = [[Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield|The Earl of Chesterfield]]
 | years  = 1737–1744}}
{{succession box
 | title  = [[Lord Steward]]
 | before = [[Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset|The Duke of Dorset]]
 | after  = [[Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough|The Duke of Marlborough]]
 | years  = 1744–1749}}

{{s-reg|en}}
{{s-bef| rows   = 2 | before = [[William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire|William Cavendish]] }}
{{s-ttl| title  = [[Duke of Devonshire]]
       | years  = 1729–1755 }}
{{s-aft| rows   = 2 | after  = [[William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire|William Cavendish]] }}
{{s-ttl| title  = [[Baron Cavendish of Hardwick]]<br /><small>(descended by [[writ of acceleration|acceleration]])</small>
       | years  = 1729–1751 }}
{{s-end}}

{{Dukes of Devonshire}}
{{Walpole ministry}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devonshire, William Cavendish, 3rd Duke Of}}
[[Category:1698 births]]
[[Category:1755 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Derbyshire]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies|Hartington, William Cavendish, Marquess of]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for constituencies in Cornwall]]
[[Category:Whig (British political party) MPs]]
[[Category:British MPs 1715–1722]]
[[Category:British MPs 1722–1727]]
[[Category:British MPs 1727–1734]]
[[Category:Dukes of Devonshire|103]]
[[Category:Cavendish family|William Cavendish, 03rd Duke of Devonshire]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Lord-lieutenants of Derbyshire]]
[[Category:Lords Lieutenant of Ireland]]
[[Category:Lords Privy Seal]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society|Cavendish, William]]
[[Category:Parents of prime ministers of Great Britain]]