View source for William Juxon

{{Short description|Archbishop of Canterbury from 1660 to 1663}}
{{For|others of this name|Juxon Baronets}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
 | honorific-prefix  = {{pre-nominal styles|size=100%|MRevd|&RHPC}}
 | name              = William Juxon
 | honorific-suffix  = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|}}
 | title             = [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]
 | image             = William Juxon from NPG.jpg
 | church            = [[Church of England]]
 | province          = [[Province of Canterbury]]
 | diocese           = [[Diocese of Canterbury]]
 | elected           = 13 September 1660 (elected);<br />20 September 1660 (election&nbsp;confirmed), [[Henry VII Chapel]], [[Westminster Abbey]]
 | enthroned         = 25 September 1660
 | term_end          = 4 June 1663 (death)
 | predecessor       = [[William Laud]]
 | successor         = [[Gilbert Sheldon]]
 | other_post        = {{plainlist|
*[[President of St John's College, Oxford]] (1621–1633)
*[[Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford]] (1626–1628)
*[[Dean of Worcester]] (1628–1632)
*[[Clerk of the Closet]] (1632–1633)
*[[Bishop of Hereford]] (1633)
*[[Bishop of London]] (1633–1646 and 1660)
*[[Lord High Treasurer]] (1636–1641)
*[[First Lord of the Admiralty]] (1636–1638)}}
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
 | birth_date        = 1582
 | birth_place       = [[Chichester]], [[Sussex]], England
 | death_date        = {{death date|1663|6|4|df=y}} (aged approximately 81)
 | death_place       = [[Lambeth]], [[Surrey]], England
 | buried            = 9 July 1663, Chapel of [[St John's College, Oxford]]
 | nationality       = [[English people|English]]
 | religion          = [[Anglicanism|Anglican]]
 | residence         = 
 | parents           = Richard Juxon
 | occupation        = also a [[minister of the Crown]]
 | profession        = [[Lawyer]]; [[Academic staff|academic]]
 | alma_mater        = [[St John's College, Oxford]]
 | education         = [[Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood|Merchant Taylors' School]]
 | signature         = William Juxon Signature.svg
}}{{Ordination
| denomination = Church of England
| name = {{PAGENAMEBASE}}
| ordained deacon by = 
| date of diaconal ordination = September 1606
| place of diaconal ordination = 
| ordained priest by = 
| date of priestly ordination = September 1607
| place of priestly ordination = 
| consecrated by = [[William Laud]] ([[Archbishop of Canterbury|Cantuar]])
| co-consecrators = {{plainlist|
*[[Richard Neile]] ([[Archbishop of York|York]])
*[[Francis White (bishop)|Francis White]] ([[Bishop of Ely|Ely]])
*[[William Murray (bishop)|William Murray]] ([[Bishop of Llandaff|Llandaff]])
*[[John Bowle (bishop)|John Bowle]] ([[Bishop of Rochester|Rochester]])
*[[John Bancroft (bishop)|John Bancroft]] ([[Bishop of Oxford|Oxford]])}}
| date of consecration = 27 October 1633
| place of consecration = 
| elevated by = 
| date of elevation = 
| bishop 1 = 
| consecration date 1 = 
| sources = <ref>Perceval, A. P. [https://archive.org/details/anapologyfordoc00socigoog/page/n220 <!-- pg=204 --> "An Apology for the Doctrine of Apostolical Succession: with an Appendix on the English Orders"]. p. 204.</ref>
}}

'''William Juxon''' (1582 – 4 June 1663) was an [[England|English]] churchman, [[Bishop of London]] from 1633 to 1646 and [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] from 1660 until his death.<ref name="mason">{{cite book| title=Serving God and Mammon: William Juxon, 1582–1663 | first=Thomas | last=Mason | isbn=978-0-87413-251-9 | year=1985 | publisher=University of Delaware Press }}</ref>

==Life==

===Education===
Juxon was the son of Richard Juxon and was born probably in [[Chichester]], and was educated at the local grammar school, [[The Prebendal School]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Haivry |first=Ofir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KNvFDgAAQBAJ |title=John Selden and the Western Political Tradition |date=2017-06-29 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-01134-2 |pages=11 |language=en}}</ref> He then went on to [[Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood|Merchant Taylors' School]], [[London]], and [[St John's College, Oxford]], where he was elected to a scholarship in 1598.

===Ecclesiastical offices===
Juxon studied law at [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], but afterwards took holy orders, and in 1609 became vicar of [[St Giles' Church, Oxford]], where he stayed until he became rector of [[Somerton, Oxfordshire#Parish church|Somerton, Oxfordshire]] in 1615. In December 1621, he succeeded his friend, [[William Laud]], as [[President (college)|President]] of St John's College, and in 1626 and 1627 he was [[Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford]]. Juxon soon obtained other important positions, including that in 1632 of [[Clerk of the Closet]] to [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]].

In 1627, he was made [[Dean of Worcester]] and in 1632 he was nominated to the See of Hereford and resigned the presidency of St John's in January 1633. Though he legally became [[Bishop of Hereford]] by the [[confirmation of bishops|confirmation of his election]] in late July 1633,<ref>{{Cite ODNB|id=15179|title=Juxon, William}}</ref> he never took up duties at Hereford, as in October 1633 he was consecrated [[Bishop of London]] in succession to Laud.

===Secular offices===
In March 1636 Charles I entrusted Juxon with important secular duties by making him [[Lord High Treasurer]] of England as well as [[First Lord of the Admiralty]]; for the next five years he had to deal with many financial and other difficulties. He resigned the treasurership in May 1641. During the [[English Civil War|Civil War]], the bishop, against whom no charges were brought in parliament, lived undisturbed at [[Fulham Palace]]. His advice was often sought by the king, who had a very high opinion of him. The king selected Juxon to be with him on the scaffold and to offer him the last rites before [[Execution of Charles I|his execution]].

===Retirement and archbishopric===
Juxon was deprived of the See of London by Parliament on 9 October 1646, when the [[Long Parliament]] suppressed episcopacy.<ref>{{cite web |last=Plant |first=David |year=2002 |url=http://bcw-project.org/church-and-state/sects-and-factions/episcopalians |title=Episcopalians |website=BCW Project |access-date=25 April 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=King |first=Peter |date=July 1968 |title=The Episcopate during the Civil Wars, 1642-1649 |journal=[[The English Historical Review]] |volume= 83 |issue= 328 |pages=523–537 |publisher=Oxford University Press |jstor=564164 |doi=10.1093/ehr/lxxxiii.cccxxviii.523}}</ref> He retired to [[Little Compton, Warwickshire|Little Compton]] in [[Gloucestershire]] (now in [[Warwickshire]]), where he had bought an estate, and became famous as the owner of a pack of hounds. 

At the [[English Restoration|restoration]] of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], letters missive were issued (on 2 September 1660) naming Juxon (restored Bishop of London) Archbishop of Canterbury. The ''[[congé d'élire]]'' was issued the next day and the chapter of [[Canterbury Cathedral|Canterbury]] duly elected him on 13 September. The king's assent to the election was given on 15 September and the confirmation of Juxon's election (the legal ceremony by which he took office) was held in the [[Henry VII Chapel]] of [[Westminster Abbey]] on 20 September 1660.{{efn|The bishops present to confirm Juxon's election were: [[Accepted Frewen]], [[Archbishop of York|Archbishop-designate of York]] and [[Bishop of Lichfield|Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry]]; [[Brian Duppa]], [[Bishop of Winchester|Bishop-elect of Winchester]] and [[Bishop of Salisbury]]; [[William Piers (bishop)|William Piers]], [[Bishop of Bath and Wells]]; [[Matthew Wren]], [[Bishop of Ely]]; [[Robert Skinner (bishop)|Robert Skinner]], [[Bishop of Oxford]]; [[William Roberts (Bishop of Bangor)|William Roberts]], [[Bishop of Bangor]]; [[John Warner (bishop)|John Warner]], [[Bishop of Rochester]]; and [[Henry King (poet)|Henry King]], [[Bishop of Chichester]].}}<ref name="confel">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190701142413/http://www.lambethpalacelibrary.org/files/places_of_confirmation.pdf Lambeth Palace Library Research Guide – Places of Confirmation of Election of Archbishops of Canterbury]}} (Accessed 31 July 2013)</ref> He received the [[temporalities]] on 22 September and was enthroned at [[Canterbury Cathedral|Canterbury]] on 25 September.<ref name="fasti">{{Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae |last=Horn |first=Joyce M. |period=1541–1857 |volume=3 |pages=8–12}}</ref> Juxon, as Archbishop of Canterbury, then took part in the new king's coronation, but his health soon began to fail and he died at [[Lambeth Palace|Lambeth]] in 1663. By his will the archbishop was a benefactor to St John's College, where he was buried; he also aided the work of restoring [[Old St Paul's Cathedral|St Paul's Cathedral]] and rebuilt the great hall at [[Lambeth Palace]].

==Memorials==
'''Juxon House''', which stands north-west of St Paul's Cathedral at the top of [[Ludgate Hill]] in [[London]] and forms part of the [[Paternoster Square]] development, is named after him. [[Juxon Street]] on land at [[Walton Manor]] formerly owned by St John's College in the inner-city suburb of [[Jericho, Oxford]], is also named after him <ref name="Juxon Street Oxford">{{cite web|url=https://www.jerichocentre.org.uk/about_jericho/about_streets_item/juxon-street|title=Juxon Street|publisher=jerichocentre.org.uk|access-date=12 November 2018}}</ref> as is another Juxon Street at [[Lambeth Walk]], close to Juxon's former residence at [[Lambeth Palace]].

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Juxon, William |volume=15 |page=618}}

==External links==
*{{Cite DNB |last=Hutton |first=William Holden |author-link=William Holden Hutton |wstitle=Juxon, William|volume=30 |short=x}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey]]}}
{{s-ttl | title  = [[First Lord of the Admiralty]]
        | years  = 1636–1638}}
{{s-aft | after  = [[Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland]]
        | as     = Lord High Admiral}}
{{s-vac | commission 
        | reason = [[William Laud]]<br/>First Lord of the Treasury}}
{{s-ttl | title  = [[Lord High Treasurer]]
        | years  = 1636–1641}}
{{s-vac | commission 
        | reason = [[Edward Littleton, 1st Baron Lyttleton of Mounslow]]<br/>First Lord of the Treasury}}
{{s-rel|en}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Francis Godwin]]}}
{{s-ttl | title  = [[Bishop of Hereford]]
        | years  = 1633}}
{{s-aft | after  = [[Godfrey Goodman]]}}
{{s-bef | before = [[William Laud]]}}
{{s-ttl | title  = [[Bishop of London]]
        | years  = 1633–1646 &amp; 1660}}
{{s-vac | next   = [[Gilbert Sheldon]]}}
|-
{{s-vac | last   = [[William Laud]]}}
{{s-ttl | title  = [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]
        | years  = 1660–1663}}
{{s-aft | after  = [[Gilbert Sheldon]]}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-bef | before = [[William Laud]]}}
{{s-ttl | title  = [[President of St John's College, Oxford]]
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{{s-aft | after  = [[Richard Baylie]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{House of Stuart Lord High Treasurers}}
{{Deans of Worcester}}
{{clerks of the Closet}}
{{Bishops of Hereford}}
{{Bishops of London}}
{{Archbishops of Canterbury}}
{{First Lords of the Admiralty|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Juxon, William}}
[[Category:1582 births]]
[[Category:1663 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Chichester]]
[[Category:People educated at The Prebendal School]]
[[Category:People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood]]
[[Category:Alumni of St John's College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Presidents of St John's College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Vice-chancellors of the University of Oxford]]
[[Category:English chaplains]]
[[Category:Chaplains-in-Ordinary]]
[[Category:Deans of Worcester]]
[[Category:Bishops of Hereford]]
[[Category:Bishops of London]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Canterbury]]
[[Category:17th-century Anglican archbishops]]
[[Category:Lord high treasurers]]
[[Category:Clerks of the Closet]]
[[Category:17th-century Church of England bishops]]