View source for William Markham (bishop)

{{Short description|Archbishop of York from 1777 to 1807}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific-prefix = {{pre-nominal styles|size=100%|MRevd|&RHPC}}
| name             = William Markham
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|}}
| title            = [[Archbishop of York]]
| image            = William Markham by Benjamin West.jpg
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = Contemporary portrait by [[Benjamin West]].
| province         = [[Province of York]]
| diocese          = [[Diocese of York]]
| term             = 17 January 1777 ([[Confirmation of bishops|conf.]])–1807 (death)
| predecessor      = [[Robert Hay Drummond]]
| successor        = [[Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt]]
| other_post       = [[Royal Almonry|Lord High Almoner]] (1777–1807)<br />[[Dean of Rochester]] (20 February 1765 {instit.}–October 1767)<br />[[Dean of Christ Church, Oxford|Dean of Christ Church]] (October 1767 {exch.}–1777)<br />[[Bishop of Chester]] (February 1771 {conf.}–1777)
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
| birth_date       = 1719
| birth_place      = [[Kinsale]], [[County Cork]], [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]]
| death_date       = {{death date|1807|11|3|df=y}} (aged 88)
| death_place      = [[Mayfair]], [[Middlesex]], England
| buried           = 11 November 1807, [[Westminster Abbey]]
| nationality      = [[British people|British]]
| religion         = [[Anglicanism|Anglican]]
| residence        = South Audley Street, Mayfair (at death)
| parents          = Major William Markham &amp; Elizabeth née Markham
| spouse           = {{marriage|Sarah Goddard|1759}}
| children         = 6 sons &amp; 7 daughters
| occupation       = 
| profession       = 
| education        = [[Westminster School]]
| alma_mater       = [[Christ Church, Oxford]]
}}{{Ordination
| name               = William Markham
 |denomination       = Anglican
| ordained deacon by =
| date of diaconal ordination =
| place of diaconal ordination =
| ordained priest by   = [[Thomas Secker]] ([[Bishop of Oxford|Oxford]])
| date of priestly ordination = 17 December 1748
| place of priestly ordination = [[Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford]]
| consecrated by       = [[Robert Hay Drummond]] ([[Archbishop of York|York]])
| co-consecrators      =
| date of consecration = 17 February 1771
| place of consecration = [[Chapel Royal, St James's Palace]]
| elevated by = 
| date of elevation = 
| bishop 1             =
| consecration date 1  =
| sources              = <ref>{{CCEd |type=ordination |id=139986 |name=Markham, William |accessed=31 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{CCEd |type=appointment |id=283859 |name=Markham, William |location=Chester |accessed=31 October 2014 }}</ref>
}}
[[File:William Markham Escutcheon.png|thumb|Arms: Azure on a chief Or a lion issuant Gules.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cheshire-heraldry.org.uk/bishops/ |publisher=Cheshire Heraldry Society |accessdate=8 February 2021 |title=The Armorial Bearings of the Bishops of Chester}}</ref>]]
'''William Markham''' (1719 – 3 November 1807), English divine, served as [[Archbishop of York]] from 1777 until his death.

==Early life==
William Markham was born in 1719 to Major William Markham and Elizabeth ([[née]] Markham) of [[Kinsale]] in Ireland.

He was educated at [[Westminster School]] and at [[Christ Church, Oxford]], where he matriculated on 6 June 1738, graduating [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] 1742, [[Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)|MA]] 1745, [[Bachelor of Civil Law|BCL]] & [[Doctor of Civil Law|DCL]] 1752.<ref>{{alox2|title=Markham, William (1)}}</ref>

==Career==
He was one of the best scholars of his day, and attained to the headship of his old school and college: he served as Headmaster of Westminster 1753–1765, and [[Dean of Christ Church, Oxford|Dean of Christ Church]] 1767–1776. Between those headships, he held the [[Dean of Rochester|deanery of Rochester]] 1765–1767. He held from time to time a number of livings, and in 1771 was made [[Bishop of Chester]] and tutor to [[George IV|George, Prince of Wales]].<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Markham, William |volume=17 |page=735}}</ref> In 1776 he became [[Archbishop of York]], and also [[Royal Almonry|Lord High Almoner]] and [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|privy councillor]].

He was a fierce critic of pamphleteer [[Richard Price]] concerning the [[American Revolution|American rebellion]]. He was for some time a close friend of [[Edmund Burke]], but his strong championship of [[Warren Hastings]] caused a breach.<ref name=EB1911/> He was accused by [[Earl of Chatham|Lord Chatham]] of preaching pernicious doctrines, and was a victim of the [[Gordon Riots]] in 1780.

Bishop Markham was also the person who composed the Latin memorial for [[George Berkeley]], the famous philosopher.<ref>Collected Works of George Berkeley, 1951, Thomas Nelson Press, editor [[A.A. Luce]], vol. VII p.385</ref>

==Personal life==
In 1759, Markham married Sarah Goddard, the daughter of John Goddard, a wealthy English merchant of Rotterdam, with whom he had six sons and seven daughters:

*William Markham (1760–1815), of the [[East India Company]], Private Secretary to Governor-General [[Warren Hastings]]<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Markham|editor-first=Clements R.|title=Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet|year=2010|orig-year=1881|page=153|isbn=9781108022552|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Y7slbgVL4AC&pg=PR153}}</ref>
*[[John Markham (Royal Navy officer)|John Markham]] (1761–1827), Admiral of the [[Royal Navy]], [[First Sea Lord]]
*[[George Markham (priest)|George Markham]] (1763–1822), [[Dean of York]]
*Henrietta Sarah Markham (1764–1844), married [[Ewan Law]] MP
*Elizabeth Catherine Markham (1765–1820), married William Barnett (as his second wife)
*David Markham (1766–1795), Lieutenant-Colonel of the 20th Regiment of Foot, killed in the [[Second Maroon War]] in [[Jamaica]]<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Cannon|editor-first=Richard|year=1848|title=Historical Record of the Twentieth, or the East Devonshire Regiment of Foot|publisher=Parker, Furnivall, & Parker|page=[https://archive.org/details/cihm_48351/page/n71 27]|isbn=9780665483516 |url=https://archive.org/details/cihm_48351}}</ref>
*[[Robert Markham (priest)|Robert Markham]] (1768–1837), [[Archdeacon of York]]
*[[Osborne Markham]] (1769–1827), MP for [[Calne (UK Parliament constituency)|Calne]]
*Alicia Henrietta Markham (1771–1840), married Rev. Henry Foster Mills<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Troide|editor1-first=Lars E.|editor2-last=Cooke|editor2-first=Stewart J.|year=2012|title=The Early Journals and Letters of Fanny Burney|volume=5|page=185|isbn=9780773586765|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ecf0DuWFBZkC&pg=PA185}}</ref>
*Georgina Markham (1772–1793), died unmarried
*[[Frederica Murray, Countess of Mansfield|Frederica Markham]] (1774–1860), married [[David William Murray, 3rd Earl of Mansfield]]
*Anne Katherine Markham (1778–1808), died unmarried
*Cecilia Markham (1783–1865), married Rev. Robert Philip Goodenough

===Descendants===
His granddaughter, Laura Markham, the second daughter of his son William, married [[William Mure (scholar)|William Mure]], the [[Scotland|Scottish]] scholar and [[politician]] who sat in the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] from 1846 to 1855 as the [[Unionist Party (Scotland)|Conservative]] [[Member of parliament|MP]] for [[Renfrewshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Renfrewshire]] and was [[Laird]] of [[Caldwell, North Ayrshire|Caldwell]] in [[Ayrshire]].<ref>[http://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH1025&type=P William Mure]. Glasgow University (multi-tab page)</ref> Their daughter, Emma Mure, (1833–1911) married [[Baron Ribblesdale|Thomas Lister, 3rd Baron Ribblesdale]] (1828–1876) and had [[Thomas Lister, 4th Baron Ribblesdale]].

His granddaughter, Emma Markham, another daughter of his son William, married the [[politician]] [[William Crompton-Stansfield]] who sat in the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] from 1837 to 1853 as [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Huddersfield]].

===Memorial===
<gallery>
File:Memorial to Archbishop William Markham in York Minster.JPG|Memorial to Archbishop William Markham in [[York Minster]].
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Markham, Ontario]] – named for him by his friend [[John Graves Simcoe]], [[List of lieutenant governors of Ontario|Lieutenant Governor]] of [[Upper Canada]]. 

==Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}

==References ==
* {{cite book
| title= A history of the Markham family
| last1 = Markham
| first1 = David Frederick
| author-link1 = David Frederick Markham
| publisher= John Bowyer Nichols and sons
| location= London
| url = https://archive.org/details/ahistorymarkham01markgoog
| year= 1854
}}

==External links==
* [http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/authors/pers00117.shtml William Markham] at the [http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/ Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)]

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{{s-rel|en}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Edmund Keene]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Bishop of Chester]]|years=1771–1776}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Beilby Porteus]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Robert Hay Drummond]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Archbishop of York]]|years=1776–1807}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Deans of Rochester}}
{{Deans of Christ Church}}
{{Bishops of Chester}}
{{Archbishops of York}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Markham, William}}
[[Category:1719 births]]
[[Category:1807 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at Westminster School, London]]
[[Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford]]
[[Category:Archbishops of York]]
[[Category:Bishops of Chester]]
[[Category:Deans of Rochester]]
[[Category:18th-century Anglican archbishops]]
[[Category:19th-century Anglican archbishops]]
[[Category:Deans of Christ Church, Oxford]]
[[Category:Head Masters of Westminster School]]
[[Category:18th-century Church of England bishops]]