View source for William Merritt Chase

{{Short description|American painter (1849–1916)}}
{{other people|William Chase}}
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{{Infobox artist
| name          = William Merritt Chase
| image         = William Merritt Chase.jpg
| image_size    =
| caption       = Chase in 1900
| birth_name    =
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1849|11|1}}
| birth_place   = [[Nineveh, Indiana]], US
| death_date    = {{death date and age|1916|10|25|1849|11|1}}
| death_place   = New York City, US
| known_for     = [[Portrait painting]]; [[landscape art]]
| training      = [[National Academy of Design]];<br />[[Academy of Fine Arts, Munich]],
| movement      = [[Impressionism]]
| notable_works =
| patrons       =
| awards        = [[Centennial Exposition|Philadelphia Centennial Exposition]] medal
}}
'''William Merritt Chase''' (November 1, 1849{{snd}}October 25, 1916) was an American painter, known as an exponent of [[Impressionism]] and as a teacher. He is also responsible for establishing the Chase School, which later became the [[Parsons School of Design]].

== Early life and training ==
[[File:Chase William Merritt Self Portrait 1915.jpg|thumb|right|''Self portrait'', 1915–16, oil on canvas, [[Richmond Art Museum]]]]
William Merritt Chase was born on November 1, 1849, in Williamsburg (now [[Nineveh, Indiana|Nineveh]]), Indiana, to the family of Sarah Swain and David H. Chase, a local businessman. Chase's father moved the family to [[Indianapolis, Indiana|Indianapolis]] in 1861, and employed his son as a salesman in the family business. Chase showed an early interest in art, and studied under local, self-taught artists [[Barton S. Hays]] and [[Jacob Cox]].

At the age of 19, he decided to become a sailor and travelled with his friend to Annapolis where he was commissioned to a merchant ship.<ref>{{cite web|title=William Merritt Chase|url=https://www.theartstory.org/artist/chase-william-merritt/|access-date=30 July 2022}}</ref> After a brief three-month stint in the Navy, Chase understood that it was not for him and his teachers urged him to travel to [[New York City|New York]] to further his artistic training. He arrived in New York in 1869, met and studied with [[Joseph Oriel Eaton]] for a short time, then enrolled in the [[National Academy of Design]] under [[Lemuel Wilmarth]], a student of the famous French artist [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]].

In 1870, declining family fortunes forced Chase to leave New York for [[St. Louis, Missouri]], where his family was then based. While he worked to help support his family he became active in the St. Louis art community, winning prizes for his paintings at a local exhibition. He also exhibited his first painting at the National Academy in 1871. Chase's talent elicited the interest of wealthy St. Louis collectors who arranged for him to visit Europe for two years, in exchange for paintings and Chase's help in securing European art for their collections.

In Europe, Chase settled at the [[Academy of Fine Arts, Munich]], a long-standing center of art training that was attracting increasing numbers of Americans and attracted Chase because it had fewer distractions than Paris.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last1=Stamberg |first1=Susan |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/28/483231216/meet-william-merritt-chase-the-man-who-taught-americas-masters|title=Meet William Merritt Chase, The Man Who Taught America's Masters|website=NPR.org|date=28 June 2016 |access-date=2016-08-10}}</ref> He studied under [[Alexander von Wagner]] and [[Karl von Piloty]], and befriended American artists [[Walter Shirlaw]], [[Frank Duveneck]], and J(oseph) Frank Currier.

In Munich, Chase employed his rapidly burgeoning talent most often in figurative works that he painted in the loosely brushed style popular with his instructors. 
In January 1876, one of these figural works, a portrait titled ''"Keying Up" – The Court Jester'' (now in the collection of the [[Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts]]) was exhibited at the [[Boston Art Club]]; later that year it was exhibited and won a medal at the [[Centennial Exposition|Philadelphia Centennial Exposition]], and this success gained Chase his first fame.
[[File:Noel Rowe - William Merritt Chase in his studio on Tenth Street New York.jpg|thumb|Photo by Noel Rowe of William Merritt Chase in his studio on Tenth Street New York which he held from 1875 to 1895]]
Chase traveled to [[Venice, Italy]] in 1877 with [[Frank Duveneck|Duveneck]] and [[John Henry Twachtman]] before returning to the United States in the summer of 1878, a highly skilled artist representing the new wave of European-educated American talent. 
Home in America, he exhibited his painting ''Ready for the Ride'' (collection of the Union League Club) with the newly formed [[Society of American Artists]] in 1878. 
He also opened a studio in New York in the [[Tenth Street Studio Building]], home to many of the important painters of the day.  He was a member of the [[Tilers]], a group of artists and authors, among whom were some of his notable friends: [[Winslow Homer]], [[Arthur Quartley]] and [[Augustus Saint Gaudens]].

In 1881, friend and artist [[William Preston Phelps]] travelled back to Europe to team up with Chase to go on a working tour of [[Italy]], [[Venice]], [[Capri]] then back to [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monadnockart.org/history-william-preston-phelps.html |title=Monadnock Art - Friends of the Dublin Art Colony |website=www.monadnockart.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518022015/http://www.monadnockart.org/history-william-preston-phelps.html |archive-date=2009-05-18}}</ref>

== Chase's roles: father, artist, teacher ==
{{Multiple issues|{{section rewrite|date=April 2025}}
{{synthesis|date=April 2025}}|section=y}}[[Image:AliceGersonChase.jpg|thumb|upright|''Mrs. Chase in Pink'', [[Figge Art Museum]]]]
Chase maintained a multifaceted public and private identity, including his roles as an artist, family man, and educator. Chase married Alice Gerson on February 8,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Feb 10, 1887, page 5 - New-York Tribune at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/145219132/?match=1&terms=William%20Chase%20Alice%20Gerson |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> 1887<ref>Tinterow, Gary, [[Geneviève Lacambre]], and Deborah L. Roldán. 2003. ''Manet/Velázquez: the French Taste for Spanish Painting''. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 524. {{ISBN|1588390403}}</ref> and together they raised eight children during Chase's most energetic artistic period. His eldest daughters, Alice Dieudonnee Chase and Dorothy Bremond Chase, often modeled for their father.

In New York City, however, Chase became known for his flamboyance, especially in his dress, his manners, and most of all in his studio.{{According to whom|date=April 2025}} At Tenth Street, Chase had moved into [[Albert Bierstadt]]'s old studio and had decorated it as an extension of his own art.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}  Chase filled the studio with lavish furniture, decorative objects, stuffed birds, oriental carpets, and exotic musical instruments. Chase's studio attracted numerous artists and cultural figures in New York City during the late 19th century. By 1895, the cost of maintaining the studio, in addition to his other residences, forced Chase to close it and auction the contents.[[File:13.50 SL1-General Use.jpg|thumb|right|''Studio Interior'', c. 1882, [[Brooklyn Museum]]]]
In addition to his painting, Chase expanded his career to include art instruction. Initially he took on private pupils, among his first being [[Dora Wheeler Keith|Dora Wheeler]], a student from 1879 to 1881 who became a professional artist and a lifelong friend. Dora's mother [[Candace Wheeler]] wrote in her memoirs of Chase's contagious enthusiasm, "the most generous of teachers, not only giving exhaustively of his stored knowledge of how to do things, but fostering as well the will to do it. Later, somewhat against his will, he was persuaded to take charge of an art-school at Shinnecock Hills, Long Island . . . "<ref name ="Yesterdays">{{cite book|author=Candace Wheeler|title=Yesterdays in a Busy Life|url=https://archive.org/details/yesterdaysinabu00wheegoog|year=1918|publisher=Harper Brothers, NY |page=[https://archive.org/details/yesterdaysinabu00wheegoog/page/n266 245]}}</ref>

At the instigation of Mrs. William Hoyt, Chase opened the [[Shinnecock Hills Summer School of Art]] on eastern Long Island, New York in 1891.<ref name ="Yesterdays"/>  He taught there until 1902. Chase adopted the [[En plein air|plein air]] method of painting, and often taught his students in outdoor classes. He also opened the [[Chase School of Art]] in 1896, which became the [[New York School of Art]] two years later with Chase staying on as instructor until 1907. Chase taught at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts from 1896 to 1909; the [[Art Students League of New York|Art Students League]] from 1878 to 1896 and again from 1907 to 1911; and the Brooklyn Art Association in 1887 and from 1891 to 1896. Along with [[Robert Henri]], who became a rival instructor, Chase was a prominent teacher whose influence on American artists at the turn of the 20th century was widely recognized.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K6enD1Vs1WYC |title=Who Was Who in American Art, 1564–1975: A-F |date=1999 |publisher=Sound View Press |isbn=978-0-932087-55-3 |pages=45 |language=en}}</ref>

In addition to his instruction of East Coast artists like [[George Bellows]], [[Louise Upton Brumback]], [[Howard Chandler Christy]], [[Kate Freeman Clark]], [[Jay Hall Connaway]], [[Mariette Leslie Cotton]], [[Charles Demuth]], [[Silas Dustin]], [[Lydia Field Emmet]], [[George Pearse Ennis]], [[Rosalie Lorraine Gill]], [[Marsden Hartley]], [[Annie Traquair Lang]], [[John Marin]], [[M. Jean McLane]], [[Frances Miller Mumaugh]], [[Georgia O'Keeffe]], [[Leopold Seyffert]], [[Elizabeth Sparhawk-Jones]], [[Joseph Stella]], [[Lillian Elvira Moore Abbot]],<ref name=":2"/> and [[Edward Charles Volkert]], he had an important role in influencing California art at the turn of the century, especially in interactions with [[Arthur Frank Mathews]], [[Xavier Martinez]], [[Percy Gray]] and [[Shirley Williamson]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last1=Cannon|first1=Jennie Vennerström|url=http://www.tfaoi.com/cm/10cm/10cm125.pdf|title=Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies|last2=Edwards|first2=Robert W.|publisher=East Bay Heritage Project|year=2012|volume=1|location=Oakland, CA|pages=665–666}}</ref> He also had an important role in influencing Texas Impressionism, and taught painters [[Julian Onderdonk]] and [[Alice Schille]]. He also taught Midwestern artist, [[Sara Shewell Hayden]].

==European summer tours==
After stopping his work at Shinnecock Hills, Chase began taking groups of students overseas in the summer months to tour the important European art centers. In 1903, Chase and his students visited [[Haarlem]] in the [[Netherlands]], where Chase was inspired by a [[schutterstuk]] by Frans Hals. He made a self-portrait of himself in the role of one of Hals' schutters, choosing his look-alike [[Johan Claesz Loo]] featured in ''[[The Officers of the St Adrian Militia Company in 1633]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heckscher.org/pages.php?which_page=collection_image_detail&which_image=2001_009_051|title=Search the Entire Collection Database – Heckscher Museum of Art|work=heckscher.org}}</ref>

==Style and subject matter==
Chase worked in all media. He was most fluent in [[oil painting]] and [[pastel]], but also created [[watercolor painting]]s and [[etching]]s. [[Samuel Greene Wheeler Benjamin|S.G.W. Benjamin]] said of his style in a contemporary review:
{{blockquote|A noble sense of color is perceptible in all his works, whether in the subtle elusive tints of flesh, or in the powerful rendering of a mass of scarlet, as in his notable painting of the "Court Jester". In the painting of a portrait he endeavors, sometimes very successfully, to seize character, although occasionally rather too impressionist in style.<ref>[[Samuel Greene Wheeler Benjamin|S.G.W. Benjamin]], ''[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/40604/40604-h/40604-h.htm Art in America: A Critical and Historical Sketch]'', Harpers, 1880</ref>}}

=== Portrait painting ===
[[File:Brooklyn Museum - Lydia Field Emmet - William Merritt Chase - overall.jpg|thumb|''Lydia Field Emmet'', 1892. [[Brooklyn Museum]].]]
[[File:A Friendly Call.JPG|thumb|right|''[[A Friendly Call]]'', 1895. [[National Gallery of Art]]]]
He is perhaps best known for his portraits, and his sitters including some of the most important men and women of his time.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Chase, William Merritt|volume=5|page=956}}</ref> His portrait of painter [[Lydia Field Emmet]] in 1892 depicts Emmet in a pose typically reserved for men in old masters' paintings. Emmet's hand is on her hip and she looks over her shoulder at the audience.<ref name=":0" />

Chase also frequently painted his wife Alice and their children, sometimes in individual portraits, and other times in scenes of domestic tranquility: at breakfast in their backyard, or relaxing at their summer home on [[Long Island]], the children playing on the floor or among the sand dunes of Shinnecock. In an 1895 painting titled ''[[A Friendly Call]]'', his wife is depicted wearing a yellow dress and entertaining a caller dressed in white.<ref name="Gallery">{{cite web |url=http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg70/gg70-3205.html |title=National Gallery of Art |access-date=7 April 2013 |archive-date=2 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902020830/https://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg70/gg70-3205.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Landscapes ===
In addition to painting portraits and full-length figurative works,  Chase began painting landscapes in earnest in the late 1880s. His interest in landscape art may have been spawned by the landmark New York exhibit of French impressionist works from Parisian dealer [[Paul Durand-Ruel|Durand-Ruel]] in 1886.Chase gained recognition for two prominent series of landscape subjects, both painted in an impressionist manner. The first was his scenes of [[Prospect Park (Brooklyn)|Prospect]] and [[Central Park]]s in New York; the second were his summer landscapes at Shinnecock. Chase usually featured people prominently in his landscapes. Often he depicted woman and children in leisurely poses, relaxing on a park bench, on the beach, or lying in the summer grass at Shinnecock. Art historians have described the Shinnecock works as significant examples of [[American Impressionism]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

In 1903, Chase rented the Villa La Meridiana near Careggi, Florence, to which he would return to paint each summer. Later he bought the Villa Silli, south of the city.[[File:William_Merritt_Chase_-_Open_Air_Breakfast_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|Open Air Breakfast, 1888]]

=== Still lifes ===
Chase continued to paint [[still life]]s throughout his career as he had done since his student days. Decorative objects filled his studios and homes, and his interior figurative scenes frequently included still life images. He was particularly adept at capturing the effect of light on metallic surfaces such as copper bowls and pitchers.  Perhaps Chase's most famous still life subject was dead fish, which he liked to paint against dark backgrounds, limp on a plate as though fresh from a fishmonger's stall. He was known for purchasing the dead fish at the market, painting them quickly, and then returning them before they spoiled.<ref name=":0" />

== Honors and late career ==
[[File:William M. Chase, N. A.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Chase by [[John Singer Sargent]] (1902) at the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]]]
Chase won many honors at home and abroad, was a member of the [[National Academy of Design]], New York, and from 1885 to 1895 was president of the [[Society of American Artists]].<ref name="EB1911"/> He became a member of the [[Ten American Painters]] after [[John Henry Twachtman]] died.

Chase's creativity declined in his later years, especially as modern art took hold in America, but he continued to paint and teach into the 1910s. During this period Chase taught such up and coming young artists as [[Wilhelmina Weber Furlong]],<ref>The Biography of Wilhelmina Weber Furlong: The Treasured Collection of Golden Heart Farm by Clint B. Weber, {{ISBN|978-0-9851601-0-4}}</ref> [[Arthur Hill Gilbert]], and [[Edward Hopper]].

At [[Carmel-by-the-Sea]] from July through September 1914 Chase taught his last summer class, his largest with over one hundred pupils and his most problematic, at the [[Carmel Arts and Crafts Club]]'s Summer School Of Art.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20561363|title=The Chase School Of Art At Carmel-By-The-Sea, California, by Eunice T. Gray|journal=Art and Progress|volume=6| issue =  4 |date=Feb 1915|pages=118–120|jstor=20561363 }}</ref>  His former student, [[Jennie V. Cannon]], in conjunction with Chase's business manager C. P. Townsley and Carmel's co-founder [[James Franklin Devendorf]], persuaded the esteemed painter to visit the Pacific Coast with promises of generous financial returns.<ref name="edwards">{{cite book|last1=Edwards|first1=Robert W.|title=Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1|date=2012|publisher=East Bay Heritage Project|location=Oakland, Calif.| isbn=9781467545679|pages=122–123, 132–159, 177–179, 260–261}} An online facsimile of the entire text of Vol. 1 is posted on the Traditional Fine Arts Organization website ({{cite web |url=http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/10aa/10aa557.htm |title=Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, vol. One, East Bay Heritage Project, Oakland, 2012; by Robert W. Edwards |access-date=2016-06-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429115613/http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/10aa/10aa557.htm |archive-date=2016-04-29 }}).</ref>

Suffering from declining health (cirrhosis of the liver), Chase took the opportunity shortly after his arrival to meet with the directors of San Francisco's forthcoming [[Panama–Pacific International Exposition]] to secure his own exhibition gallery, which he had been denied earlier.<ref>San Francisco Chronicle, 6 September 1914, p. 54.</ref><ref>New York Herald, 27 June 1915, p. 5.</ref>  Several of Chase's students at Carmel expressed admiration for his teaching, documenting his lectures and techniques. Chase found the art colony at Carmel too confining socially and moved his residence to the nearby luxury Hotel Del Monte in Monterey, where he negotiated several important portrait commissions.  In mid-August one of his students, [[Helena Wood Smith]], was brutally murdered by her Japanese lover, which caused the cancellation of several classes, near violent hysteria in the art colony, and the early departure of some of his students. Chase continued with his regular teaching schedule, held meetings with important regional artists, such as [[William Ritschel]], painted several local scenes, and experimented with monotypes.<ref name=edwards/>

Chase died on October 25, 1916, at his home in New York City, an esteemed elder of the American art world.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1yYMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA321 | title=American Art Directory, Volume 14 | publisher=The American Federation of the Arts | author=Levy, Florence Nightingale | year=1917 | pages=321}}</ref> He was interred in [[Green-Wood Cemetery]], [[Brooklyn, New York]].

Today his works are in most major museums in the United States. His home and studio at [[Shinnecock Hills, New York]], was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1983 as the [[William Merritt Chase Homestead]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2009a}}</ref>

==Gallery==
{{main|List of works by William Merritt Chase}}
<gallery widths="154" heights="154">
File:Portrait of a man (1875).jpg|''Portrait of a Man'' (1875), oil on canvas, 24 x 19 in. (61 x 48.3&nbsp;cm), [[Clark Art Institute]]
File:Brooklyn Museum - The Moorish Warrior - William Merritt Chase - overall.jpg|''The Moorish Warrior'', c. 1878. [[Brooklyn Museum]].
File:Chase mrs meigs piano organ 1883.jpg|''Mrs Chase Playing the Piano'', 1883
File:Chase William Merritt Portrait of Miss Dora Wheeler 1883.jpg|Portrait of Miss [[Dora Wheeler Keith|Dora Wheeler]], 1883
File:William Merritt Chase - The Young Orphan (1884).jpg|''[[The Young Orphan]]'' or ''At Her Ease'', 1884, [[National Academy of Design]], New York
File:WMChaseGravesendBay.jpg|''Afternoon by the Sea (Gravesend Bay)'', c. 1888
File:William Merritt Chase - Girl in a Japanese Costume - Google Art Project.jpg|''Girl in a Japanese Costume'', c. 1890. [[Brooklyn Museum]]
File:Chase William Merritt A Sunny Day at Shinnecock Bay c1892.jpg|''A Sunny Day at Shinnecock Bay'', c. 1892
File:Chase William Merritt In The Studio c1892-3.jpg|''In The Studio'', c. 1892–3
File:An Afternoon Stroll by William Merritt Chase, San Diego Museum of Art.JPG|''An Afternoon Stroll'', c. 1895 San Diego Museum of Art
File:Brooklyn Museum - Study of a Girl in Japanese Dress - William Merritt Chase.jpg|''Study of a Girl in Japanese Dress'' c. 1895 [[Brooklyn Museum]]
File:William Merritt Chase - First Touch of Autumn - Google Art Project.jpg|''First Touch of Autumn'', 1898
File:At the Seaside MET DT95.jpg|''[[At the Seaside]]'', circa 1898, Metropolitan Museum of Art
File:William Merritt Chase - The Song, 1907.jpg|''The Song'', 1907
File:Chase Venetian Balcony.jpg|''A Venetian Balcony'', 1913, Albrecht-Kemper Museum of Art
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[American Impressionism]]
* [[Belle Silveira]]
* [[List of William Merritt Chase artwork]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons-inline}}
{{Collier's poster|Chase, William Merritt|William Merritt Chase}}
* [http://www.william-merritt-chase.org 322 images by William Merritt Chase]
* [http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/1aa/1aa435.htm Bio at Brooklyn Museum of Art]
* [http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/horo_chase.shtm Bio at National Gallery of Art]
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/chase/ Ibiblio page on Chase, with portrait and paintings]
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/chase_william_merritt.html Artcyclopedia page]
*[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/search/field/subjec/searchterm/Chase,%20William%20Merritt,%201849-1916%20--%20Exhibitions/mode/exact Digitized William Merritt Chase exhibition catalogs] 
* {{Find a Grave|3352}}
*[http://blog.newspapers.library.in.gov/notable-hoosier-obits-william-merritt-chase/ William Meritt Chase obituaries]
* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Chase, William Merritt |year=1905 |short=x}}
* [http://www.green-wood.com/burial_results/index.php Green-Wood Cemetery Burial Search]
*[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/52638 ''American impressionism and realism''], fully digitized text from The Metropolitan Museum of Art libraries (see index)
* [https://hiddencause.wordpress.com/2016/11/03/william-merritt-chase-exhibit-at_boston-mfa/ "Do not try to paint the grandiose thing …" ] Bio and review
* [https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/william-merritt-chase-papers-7388 A finding aid to the William Merritt Chase papers, circa 1890-1964 in the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution]
* ''William Merritt Chase: A Modern Master'', a retrospective organized and exhibited at [https://www.phillipscollection.org/event/2016-06-03-william-merritt-chase-modern-master The Phillips Collection] (exhibited 4 June – 11 September 2016), the [https://www.mfa.org/exhibitions/william-merritt-chase Museum of Fine Arts, Boston] (exhibited 9 October 2016 – 16 January 2017), the [[Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia]] (February 2017), and the [[Terra Foundation for American Art]]. The catalog, ''William Merritt Chase: A Modern Master'', was published by Yale University Press and The Phillips Collection.  {{ISBN|978-0-300-20626-5}}

{{William Merritt Chase}}
{{Impressionists}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chase, William Merritt}}
[[Category:1849 births]]
[[Category:1916 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century American male artists]]
[[Category:19th-century American painters]]
[[Category:20th-century American male artists]]
[[Category:20th-century American painters]]
[[Category:Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni]]
[[Category:American Impressionist painters]]
[[Category:American male painters]]
[[Category:American portrait painters]]
[[Category:Artists from Indianapolis]]
[[Category:Painters from St. Louis]]
[[Category:Art Students League of New York faculty]]
[[Category:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery]]
[[Category:Members of the Salmagundi Club]]
[[Category:Munich School]]
[[Category:National Academy of Design members]]
[[Category:American pastel artists]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts faculty]]
[[Category:People from Johnson County, Indiana]]
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