View source for Willie Keeler

{{Short description|American baseball player (1872–1923)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox baseball biography
| name=Willie Keeler
| position=[[Right fielder]]
| image=Willie Keeler.jpg
| caption=Keeler, {{circa|1903}}
| birth_date={{birth date|1872|3|3}}
| birth_place=[[Brooklyn]], New York, U.S.
| death_date={{death date and age|1923|1|1|1872|3|3}}
| death_place=Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
| bats=Left
| throws=Left
|debutleague = MLB
| debutdate=September 30
| debutyear=1892
| debutteam=New York Giants
|finalleague = MLB
| finaldate=September 5
| finalyear=1910
| finalteam=New York Giants
|statleague = MLB
| stat1label=[[Batting average (baseball)|Batting average]]
| stat2label=[[Hit (baseball)|Hits]]
| stat3label=[[Home runs]]
| stat4label=[[Runs batted in]]
| stat5label=[[Stolen base]]s
| stat1value=.341
| stat2value=2,932
| stat3value=33
| stat4value=810
| stat5value=495
| teams=
*[[New York Giants (NL)|New York Giants]] ({{baseball year|1892}}–{{baseball year|1893}})
*[[History of the Brooklyn Dodgers|Brooklyn Grooms]] ({{baseball year|1893}})
*[[Baltimore Orioles (19th century)|Baltimore Orioles]] ({{baseball year|1894}}–{{baseball year|1898}})
*[[History of the Brooklyn Dodgers|Brooklyn Superbas]] ({{baseball year|1899}}–{{baseball year|1902}})
*[[New York Highlanders]] ({{baseball year|1903}}–{{baseball year|1909}})
*[[New York Giants (NL)|New York Giants]] ({{baseball year|1910}})
| highlights=
*2× [[List of Major League Baseball batting champions|NL batting champion]] (1897, 1898)
|hoflink = National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
|hoftype = National
|hofdate=[[1939 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting|1939]]
|hofvote=75.5% (fourth ballot)
}}

'''William Henry Keeler''' (March 3, 1872 – January 1, 1923), nicknamed "'''Wee Willie'''" because of his small stature, was an American [[right fielder]] in [[Major League Baseball]] who played from 1892 to 1910, primarily for the [[Baltimore Orioles (19th century)|Baltimore Orioles]] and [[History of the Brooklyn Dodgers|Brooklyn Superbas]] in the [[National League (baseball)|National League]], and the [[New York Highlanders]] in the [[American League]]. In [[1939 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting|1939]], Keeler was posthumously elected to the [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|National Baseball Hall of Fame]]. Keeler was a part of five teams that won the [[National League (baseball)|National League]] pennant (1894–1896, 1899, 1900). One of the greatest contact hitters of all time and notoriously hard to strike out, Keeler has the highest career at bats-per-strikeout ratio in MLB history, averaging 63.17 at bats between each strikeout.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Most career at bats per strikeout by a player in MLB history, minimum 3000 career plate appearances |url=https://statm.us/e/m/tTjMJQnWt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241116085451/https://www.statmuse.com/e/m/tTjMJQnWt |archive-date=November 16, 2024 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |website=[[StatMuse]] |language=en-US}}</ref> His plate appearance-per-strikeout ratio is also one of the best of all time, with Keeler averaging 70.66 plate appearances between strikeouts, second only to [[Joe Sewell]], another Hall of Famer, who averaged 73.06 plate appearances between each strikeout.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Most career plate appearances per strikeout by a player in MLB history, minimum 3000 career plate appearances |url=https://statm.us/e/m/EEkvuzhZo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423081526/https://www.statmuse.com/e/m/EEkvuzhZo |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |website=[[StatMuse]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Early life==
William Henry O'Kelleher Jr. (he later Americanized the name to Keeler) was born in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]], on March 3, 1872, the son of William O'Kelleher Sr., a [[Tram|trolley]] [[Railroad switch|switch man]]. He played baseball from an early age, and as a freshman served as captain of his high school team. He quit school the following year, and played semiprofessional baseball in the New York City area.

==Professional baseball career==
In 1892, after beginning the season playing his second year with the [[Plainfield Crescent Cities]] of the [[Central New Jersey League]], he joined the minor league team in [[Binghamton, New York]], and he was called up to the [[History of the New York Giants (NL)|New York Giants]] at the end of the season.  After a trip back to the minors because of an injury at the start of the 1893 season, he returned to the Giants later that year. Initially a third baseman, he later moved to the outfield. He quickly established himself as a star, and played until retiring in 1910.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/willie-keeler/|title=Willie Keeler – Society for American Baseball Research}}</ref>

Keeler's advice to hitters was "Keep your eye clear, and hit 'em where they ain't"—"they" being the opposing fielders.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7ggbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rkgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4433%2C1761576&dq=keep+your+eye+clear+hit+em+where+they+that%27s+all "Good Advice by Willie Keeler; A Whole Treatise on Batting in a Very Few Words"]. ''The Pittsburg Press''. March 25, 1904. p.&nbsp;24. Retrieved April 21, 2022.</ref>{{#tag:ref|Although the saying, "Hit 'em where they ain't," has from its inception been credited to Keeler,<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/100036105/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle/ "Champions Will Try to Beat Quakers Today"]. ''The Brooklyn Daily Eagle''. July 29, 1901. p.&nbsp;11. Retrieved April 19, 2022.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/100035989/the-st-louis-republic/ "Brooklyn Is Making a Strong Bid for Pennant"]. ''The St. Louis Republic''. August 25, 1901. p.&nbsp;27. Retrieved April 19, 2022.</ref> on October 18, 1900 (predating by more than nine months the now-famous catchphrase's first appearance in print), the ''Wilkes-Barre Record'' published a less concisely worded but very similar piece of advice, ascribed to an unnamed [[Baltimore Orioles#History|Milwaukee Brewers]] fan by the team's then-third-baseman Lew Hartman.<blockquote>''Lew Hartman, the third baseman with Wilkes-Barre in 1892, of late with Milwaukee since released by New York, tells funny stories about the German fans in Milwaukee. [...] There is a German fan in Milwaukee who continually calls out "Well! Well!" [...] One of his principal slogans is to call out: "Now shust hit der ball vere dey ain't!" And it's pretty good advice, at that.''<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/100035513/the-wilkes-barre-record/ "Base Ball; Comments: 'Hit Where Dey Ain't'"]. ''The Wilkes-Barre Record''. October 18, 1900. p.&nbsp;3. Retrieved April 19, 2022.</ref></blockquote>|group=lower-alpha}} His .385 career [[batting average (baseball)|batting average]] after the 1898 season is the highest average in history at season's end for a player with more than 1,000 hits (1,147 hits).<ref>[https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/BA_progress.shtml Progressive Leaders &amp Records for Batting average] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805222508/http://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/BA_progress.shtml |date=August 5, 2008 }} ''Baseball-Reference.com''</ref> He compiled a .341 career batting average, tied for 11th with [[Bill Terry]] and [[Pete Browning]] as of 2022.<ref>{{cite news |author=[[ESPN.com]] |date=2022 |title=MLB Career Batting Leaders |url=https://www.espn.com/mlb/history/leaders |work=ESPN Internet Ventures |location=Bristol, CT |access-date=August 27, 2022}}</ref> He hit over .300 16 times in 19 seasons, and hit over .400 once. He twice led his league in batting average and three times in hits. Keeler had an amazing 206 [[Single (baseball)|singles]] during the 1898 season, a record that stood for more than 100 years until broken by [[Ichiro Suzuki]]. Additionally, Keeler had an [[on-base percentage]] of greater than .400 for seven straight seasons. When Keeler retired in 1910, he was third all-time in [[hit (baseball)|hits]] with 2,932, behind only [[Cap Anson]] and [[Jake Beckley]].

He was one of the smallest players to play the game, standing 5 feet 4½ inches and weighing 140 pounds (64&nbsp;kg), resulting in his nickname. Keeler was elected to the [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Baseball Hall of Fame]] in [[1939 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting|1939]].  He appeared as number 75 on ''[[The Sporting News]]''' list of the "100 Greatest Baseball Players".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baseball-almanac.com/legendary/lisn100.shtml|title=100 Greatest Baseball Players by The Sporting News : A Legendary List by Baseball Almanac|website=www.baseball-almanac.com}}</ref> In 1999, he was named as a finalist to the [[Major League Baseball All-Century Team]].  Having played his last game in 1910, he was the most chronologically distant player on both Top 100 lists.

[[File:Willie Keeler, New York Highlanders, baseball card portrait LCCN2008676818.jpg|left|thumb|200px|1909 baseball card of Keeler]]
Keeler had the ability to [[Bunt (baseball)|bunt]] most balls pitched to him, enabling him to avoid striking out; his skill at prolonging at bats by fouling pitches off with this method was the impetus for the rule change that made a foul bunt with two strikes a strikeout.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hamwey |first=Louis |date=July 11, 2011 |title=Top 10 Batters Without 3,000 Hits: 8. Willie Keeler |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/762767-top-10-batters-without-3000-hits |work=[[Bleacher Report]] |location=New York, NY}}</ref> In the 1899 season for the Brooklyn Superbas, in 570 at bats, Keeler struck out only twice, setting an AB-per-K mark of 285, an MLB single-season record.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/at_bats_per_strikeout_season.shtml|title=Single-Season Leaders & Records for AB per SO|website=Baseball-Reference.com}}</ref> With [[Ned Hanlon (baseball)|Ned Hanlon's]] Baltimore Orioles, he perfected the "[[Baltimore chop]]", in which he would chop the ball into the ground hard enough to cause a high bounce, which enabled him to reach first base before a fielder could glove the ball and throw him out. [[Bill James]] speculated that Keeler introduced the [[hit and run (baseball)|hit and run]] strategy to the original Orioles and teammate [[John McGraw]]. In James' theory, Boston's [[Tommy McCarthy (baseball)|Tommy McCarthy]] was the first manager to make wide use of the hit and run. McCarthy then taught it to [[John Montgomery Ward]], who taught it to Keeler.<ref>{{cite book|title=Baseball: A History of America's Game by Benjamin G. Rader | page= 75|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LRTU0n3IcEYC&q=wee+willie+keeler+%221894%22+%22When+Keeler+was+traded+from+Ward%27s+New+York+Giants+to+Baltimore+in+1894,+ne+introduced+it+to+his+teammates+there,+including+McGraw.+%22&pg=PA75|isbn=9780252070136|last1=Rader|first1=Benjamin G|date=January 2002 | publisher= University of Illinois Press}}</ref>

In forming the powerful [[Baltimore Orioles (19th century)|original Baltimore Orioles]] of the late 19th century, manager Ned Hanlon was given an ownership stake in the team and a free rein to form his team. In one of the most one-sided trades in baseball history, Hanlon obtained [[Dan Brouthers]] and Keeler from Brooklyn in exchange for [[Billy Shindle]] and [[George Treadway]]. Keeler and six of his teammates from the Orioles were eventually inducted into the Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite book|title=Baseball Anecdotes by Daniel Okrent, Steve Wulf | page=32|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t3RjFXcgXzEC&q=wee+willie+keeler+%221894%22+%22Of+the+nine+Orioles+usually+on+the+field+in+1894,+only+Reitz+and+Brodie+would+not+make+the+Hall+of+Fame.+%22&pg=PA32|isbn=9780195043969|last1=Okrent|first1=Daniel|year=1989 | publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>

In 1897, Keeler had a 44-game [[hitting streak]] to start the season, breaking the previous single season record of 42 set by [[Bill Dahlen]]. Keeler had a hit in his final game of the 1896 season, giving him a National League-record 45-game hitting streak. In 1941, this mark was bettered in the American League by [[Joe DiMaggio]], who had a [[Joe DiMaggio's 56-game hitting streak|56-game hitting streak]]. In 1978, [[Pete Rose]] tied Keeler's single season NL mark of 44 games. No other player in baseball has ever matched this feat. Keeler also had eight consecutive seasons with 200 hits or more, a record broken by [[Ichiro Suzuki]] in 2009.<ref>''Baseball's Top 100: The Game's Greatest Records'', p.46, Kerry Banks, 2010, Greystone Books, Vancouver, BC, {{ISBN|978-1-55365-507-7}}</ref>

In 1901, when [[Ban Johnson]] formed the American League, one of the first acts was to raid the National League and offer their stars big contracts. In 1901, Keeler received offers from six of the eight new American League clubs, including an offer from Chicago for two years at $4,300 a season (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|4300|1901}}}} in current dollar terms). Keeler remained in Brooklyn and did not actually jump to the new league until 1903, when he signed with the New York Highlanders (renamed the [[New York Yankees|Yankees]] in 1913). In 1905, Keeler set the Yankees team record for most sacrifice hits in a season with 42.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bad Bill Dahlen: The Rollicking Life and Times of an Early Baseball Star by Lyle Spatz|pages=102–104|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RiXRKKE2uPQC&q=wee+willie+keeler+%22January+1902%22+%22No+doubt+McGraw+lobbied+hard+for+Keeler+too+when++Wee+Willie++served+as+an+usher+at+his+second+marriage+in+January+1902.+%22&pg=RA1-PA103|isbn=9780786484348|last1=Spatz|first1=Lyle|date=January 1, 2004 |publisher=McFarland }}</ref> Keeler was the Yankees' [[captain (baseball)|captain]] during the 1908 and 1909 seasons.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/25/sports/baseball/25cheer.html?fta=y |title= Author Says Yankees Are Missing Something |access-date=2014-10-24 |last= Mallozzi |first= Vincent M. |work=The New York Times|date= March 25, 2007 }}</ref>

Keeler remained with the Highlanders through 1909, and played the 1910 season with the New York Giants.  Keeler played in 1911 for the Eastern League's Toronto Maple Leafs, and had 43 hits in 39 games.

==Later life==
In 1901 and 1902, while still an active player, Keeler was the head coach of the [[Manhattan Jaspers baseball]] team.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sporting Splinters |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpxcAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA6 |access-date=16 April 2024 |work=Youngstown Vindicator |date=February 22, 1901}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sporting Splinters |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vBYAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA9 |access-date=16 April 2024 |work=Youngstown Vindicator |date=February 21, 1902}}</ref> After his retirement, Keeler was a scout and coach for the Superbas and the [[History of the Boston Braves|Boston Braves]], as well as Brooklyn's Federal League team, the Tip-Tops.  He was wealthy after retiring as a player, and invested in mining companies, real estate, and other ventures.  His real estate lost value in the post-[[World War I]] economic recession, and by the time of his death, his brothers and he had to sell their childhood home.

Keeler was a member of the [[Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks]] and [[Knights of Columbus]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Spatz |first1=Lyle |title=Willie Keeler: From the Playgrounds of Brooklyn to the Hall of Fame |date=5 February 2015 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-4654-6 |page=125 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=21WmBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 |access-date=31 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

Keeler suffered from [[tuberculosis]] and [[endocarditis]] for the last five years of his life. By late 1922, his condition had worsened and whether he would live into the new year was doubtful. Seriously ill by New Year's Eve, he heard bells and sirens in the streets when the new year arrived. Keeler sat up and said to his brother, "You see, the new year is here and so am I—still."<ref name=Reader/> He enjoyed a drink and a smoke, then said that he was ready for a long sleep.<ref name=Reader>{{cite book|editor-last=Mele|editor-first=Andrew Paul |title=A Brooklyn Dodgers Reader|year=2005|publisher=McFarland|isbn=078641913X|pages=14–15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RVfoXvzysYAC&q=willie+keeler+child&pg=PA15}}</ref> A short time later, Keeler died; he was 50.<ref>[https://thedeadballera.com/Obits/Keeler.Willie.Obit.html Willie Keeler Dies of Heart Disease], ''[[The New York Times]]'' (January 2, 1923). Retrieved April 30, 2013.</ref> He is buried in [[Calvary Cemetery, Queens|Calvary Cemetery]] in [[Queens]], New York.

Keeler is mentioned in the story "Hit 'em where they ain't" by [[Robert Ruark]] and as well in the poem "[[Line-Up for Yesterday]]" by [[Ogden Nash]].

{{quote box |width= 18em |border= 4px |align= center |bgcolor= #FAF0E6 |qalign= center | title=''Line-Up for Yesterday''|quote=K is for Keeler,
<poem>As fresh as green paint,
The fastest and mostest
To hit where they ain't.</poem>
|source= – [[Ogden Nash]], [[Sport (US magazine)|''Sport'' magazine]] (January 1949)<ref>{{cite web|title=Baseball Almanac|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/poetry/po_line.shtml|access-date=23 January 2008 }}</ref> }}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Biography|Baseball}}
* [[List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball career triples leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball batting champions]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball annual runs scored leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball players with a .400 batting average in a season]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball single-game hits leaders]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
*{{bbhof|keeler-willie}}
{{baseballstats|br=k/keelewi01|brm=keeler001wil}}
*{{Find a Grave}}

{{1894 Baltimore Orioles}}
{{1895 Baltimore Orioles}}
{{1896 Baltimore Orioles}}
{{1899 Brooklyn Superbas}}
{{1900 Brooklyn Superbas}}
{{Manhattan Jaspers baseball coach navbox}}
{{Los Angeles Dodgers HOF}}
{{NL batting title}}
{{Major League Baseball players who have batted .400}}
{{1939 Baseball HOF}}
{{Baseball Hall of Fame members}}
{{New York Yankees HOF}}
{{New York Yankees captains}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keeler, Willie}}
[[Category:1872 births]]
[[Category:1923 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century baseball players]]
[[Category:19th-century American sportsmen]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Baltimore Orioles (NL) players]]
[[Category:Baseball players from Brooklyn]]
[[Category:Binghamton Bingos players]]
[[Category:Binghamton Bingoes players]]
[[Category:Brooklyn Grooms players]]
[[Category:Brooklyn Superbas players]]
[[Category:Burials at Calvary Cemetery (Queens)]]
[[Category:Harvard Crimson baseball coaches]]
[[Category:Major League Baseball right fielders]]
[[Category:Manhattan Jaspers baseball coaches]]
[[Category:National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:National League batting champions]]
[[Category:New York Giants (baseball) players]]
[[Category:New York Highlanders players]]
[[Category:Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players]]
[[Category:Deaths from endocarditis]]
[[Category:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis]]
[[Category:Tuberculosis deaths in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Plainfield Crescent Cities players]]