View source for Wisłok

{{distinguish|Wisłoka}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox river
| name              = Wisłok
| name_other        = 
| image             = Wislok.jpg
| image_caption     = 
| source1_location  = [[Carpathian Mountains]]
| source1_coordinates= 
| mouth_location    = [[San (river)|San]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|50|12|21|N|22|32|0|E|source:lvwiki_region:PL_type:landmark|display=it}}
| progression       = {{RSan}}
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[Poland]]
| length            = {{convert|220|km|mi|abbr=on}}  
| source1_elevation = 
| discharge1_avg    = {{convert|24.5|m3/s|abbr=on}}  
| basin_size        = {{convert|3538|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| mapframe            = yes
| mapframe-zoom       = 7
}}
'''Wisłok''' is a river in south-eastern [[Poland]], a tributary of the [[San River]], with a length of 220 kilometres and a basin area of 3,538&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (all in Poland).<ref>[http://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/en/defaultaktualnosci/3328/2/17/1/statistical_yearbook_of_the_republic_of_poland_2017.pdf Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland 2017], [[Central Statistical Office (Poland)|Statistics Poland]], p. 85-86</ref> The root of the name ''Vis-lok'' is [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] or [[Proto-Indo-European language|pre-Indo-European]].

The first metal bridges on highways were built in [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]]. They were bridges on the Wisłok river in [[Rzeszów]] (1877) and Raba in [[Książnica]] (1877). The construction of the first latticework metal bridges in Poland's territories.<ref>Janusz Jankowski. Mosty w Polsce o mostowcy Polscy. 1973. p. 346</ref>

==History==
There is no data on the settlements in the early Iron period when an old trade route crossed the region along Wisłok River Valley.
The Wisłok valley must have been an important trade route and human settlement axis as early as 9th or 10th century. The region subsequently became part of the [[Great Moravia]]n state. Upon the invasion of the [[Magyars|Hungarian tribes]] into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the [[Lendians]] of the area declared their allegiance to Hungarian Empire. The region then became a site of contention between Poland, [[Kievan Rus]] and Hungary starting in at least the 9th century. This area was mentioned for the first time in 981 (by [[Nestor the Chronicler|Nestor]]), when [[Volodymyr the Great]] of Kievan Rus took the area over on the way into Poland. In 1018 it returned to Poland, 1031 back to Rus, in 1340 [[Casimir III of Poland]] recovered it<ref>Prof. [[Adam Fastnacht]] – Slownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziemi Sanockiej w Sredniowieczu, Kraków 2002, {{ISBN|83-88385-14-3}}</ref>
[[File:Great moravia svatopluk.png|thumb|Approximate borders of [[Great Moravia]] at its greatest extent on an older map (in 890–894)]]
In [[history|historical records]] the river was first mentioned in 1372. During 966 – 1018, 1340–1772 ([[Ruthenian Voivodeship]]) and during 1918 – 1939 the region was a part of Poland.

Actually the intensive development of human settlements in the region took place during 13th–15th centuries. The settlements were located according to the German Law within an area flanked by Wisłok and Wisłoka rivers.<ref>Acta Palaeobotanica. 1988. p. 25-29 op. cit. Żaki, Kunysz</ref> 
Germans settled in the territory of the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]] (territory of present-day [[Województwo podkarpackie]]) from the 14th to 15th centuries (''see [[History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe|Ostsiedlung]]''), mostly after the region returned to Polish sphere of influence in 1340, when Casimir III of Poland took the [[Red Ruthenia|Czerwień]] towns. 
There were probably some isolated settlers in the area of [[Krosno]], [[Sanok]], [[Łańcut]], [[Biecz]] and [[Rzeszów]] earlier. The Germans were usually attracted by kings seeking specialists in various trades, such as craftsmen and miners. They usually settled in newer market and mining settlements. The main settlement areas were in the vicinity of Krosno and some language islands in the [[Doły Jasielsko Sanockie|Pits]] and the Rzeszów regions. The settlers in the Pits region were known as ''Uplander Sachsen''.<ref>[http://dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_II/612 ''Głuchoniemcy''] ([[Walddeutsche]]) [in:] Geographisches Ortsnamenlexikon des Polnischen Königreiches. Band II. p. 612 [[Warsaw]]. 1889 (''Eine Bilddatenbank zur polnischen Geschichte'')</ref> Until approximately the 15th century, the ruling classes of most cities in present-day Beskidian Piedmont consisted almost exclusively of Germans.
[[File:Markowa chata przyslupowa.jpg|thumb|The village of [[Markowa]]. The typical ''[[Umgebindehaus]]'' – houses, about 150–200&nbsp;km southeast of [[Kraków]], around 18/19th century, built in the style of ancient mountain ''[[Sachsen|Walddeutsche]]'' atmosphere.<ref>[[Franciszek Kotula]]. Pochodzenie domów przysłupowych w Rzeszowskiem. "Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej" Jahr. V., Nr. 3/4, 1957, S. 557</ref>]]

While during 1772–1918 it belonged to Austrian empire, later Austrian-Hungarian empire when double monarchy was introduced in Austria. This part of Poland was controlled by Austria for almost 120 years. At that time the area (including west and east of [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]]) was known as [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]].

The line of the river [[Dunajec]] and that of the [[San (river)|San]], both in West Galicia, marked the two successive stages in the break-through battle which initiated the Austro-German offensive of 1915 on the eastern front. An attempt to stand on the line of the Wisłok river and the [[Łupków Pass]] failed before renewed Austro-German attacks on 8 May 1915. Wisłok Valley was one of the strategically important Carpathian rivers bitterly contested in battles on the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]] of World War I during the winter of 1914–1915.<ref>{{cite EB1922 |wstitle=Dunajec-San, Battles of the |volume=30 |page=864|postscript=none}}:
{{blockquote|''The Pursuit and Battles at Sanok and Rzeszów (May 6–11)''.—After his severe defeat, [[Radko Dimitriev]]'s plan was to hold the Lupków Pass with his left wing, and, supported upon this, to bring the pursuit to a stand on the line [[Nowotaniec]]–[[Besko]]-right bank of the Wislok, where there were positions favoured by the lay of the ground, and then, between the [[Vistula]] and the Wislok, on the line Wielopole-Rzeszów–[[Mielec|Malec]]. Here he proposed to reconstitute his units, which had fallen into great disorder, and to strengthen them by bringing up reserves. Troops were sent to him from other fronts, and by the 8th he could again dispose of 18 inf. divs., 5 ca y. divs. and 5 Reichswehr bdes. The orders were that the offensive was to be continued with all possible vigour. Mackensen's army was to push forward over the stretch of the Wislok between Besko and [[Frysztak]] on [[Myszków|Mrzyglód]] and [[Tyczyn]], and the [[Archduke Josef Ferdinand, Prince of Tuscany|Archduke Joseph Ferdinand]] on Rzeszów, while [[Svetozar Boroević|Boroevic]] was to roll up [[Aleksei Brusilov|Brussilov's]] VIII. Russian Army in the direction of Sanok. [[Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli|Bohm's]] II. Austrian Army was to join up corps by corps from the left wing in proportion to the progress of the attack. ...}}</ref>

==Geography==

Towns and townships:
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
*[[Besko]]
*[[Haczów]]
*[[Krościenko Wyżne]]
*[[Krosno]]
*[[Wojaszowka]]
*[[Frysztak]]
*[[Wiśniowa, Strzyżów County|Wiśniowa]]
*[[Strzyżów]]
*[[Czudec]]
*[[Boguchwała]]
*[[Rzeszów]]
*[[Czarna, Łańcut County|Czarna]]
*[[Białobrzegi, Podkarpackie Voivodeship|Białobrzegi]]
*[[Tryncza]]
}}
The main tributaries:
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
*[[Surowica (river)|Surowica]]
*[[Morawa (river)|Morawa]]
*[[Lubatówka (river)|Lubatówka]]
*[[Izwor]]
*[[Pielnica]]
*[[Stobnica (river)|Stobnica]]
*[[Mleczka]]
*[[Mikośka]]
*[[Strug (river)|Strug]]
}}

== See also ==
* [[Rivers of Poland]]

== References ==
::'''Inline:'''
{{reflist}}

==Literature==
* Prof. [[Adam Fastnacht]].  ''Slownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziemi Sanockiej w Średniowieczu'' ''(Historic-Geographic Dictionary of the Sanok District in the Middle Ages''), Kraków, 2002, {{ISBN|83-88385-14-3}}.

{{Polish rivers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wislok}}
[[Category:Rivers of Poland]]
[[Category:Rivers of Subcarpathian Voivodeship]]