View source for Wrigley Square

{{Short description|Public square in the Millennium Park in Chicago, Illinois, United States}}
{{about|the Monument park in Chicago|the Chicago baseball stadium|Wrigley Field}}
{{Redirect|Millennium Monument (Chicago)||Millennium Monument (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox park
| name = Wrigley Square
| photo = 20080602 Wrigley Square.JPG
| photo_width = 200
| photo_caption = Millennium Monument'' Peristyle at Wrigley Square''&nbsp;
| type = Public park/Town Square
| location = [[Millennium Park]]<br>[[Chicago, Illinois]]
| coords = {{coord|41|53|1.41|N|87|37|25.65|W|region:US_type:landmark_scale:500|display=inline,title}}
| area = 
| created = {{Start date|2002|10|30}}
| operator = City of [[Chicago]]
| visitation_num = 
| status = Open all year
|parking = 2218 ([[Millennium Park]] parking garage)<ref name=Anptiags>{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2004/07/18/a-no-place-transformed-into-a-grand-space/|title=A no place transformed into a grand space – What was once a gritty, blighted site is now home to a glistening, cultural spectacle that delivers joy to its visitors |access-date=August 6, 2008|date=July 18, 2004|work=Chicago Tribune|author=Kamin, Blair}}</ref>
}}

'''Wrigley Square''' is a public square located in the northwest section of [[Millennium Park]] in the [[Historic Michigan Boulevard District]] of the [[Chicago Loop|Loop]] [[Community areas of Chicago|area]] of [[Chicago]] in [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]], [[Illinois]], [[United States]]. The square is located at the southeast corner of the intersection of East [[Randolph Street]] and North [[Michigan Avenue (Chicago)|Michigan Avenue]].<ref name=A&AWSaMMP>{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpark.org/artandarchitecture/wrigley_square.html|title=Art & Architecture: Wrigley Square and Millennium Monument (Peristyle)|access-date=2008-06-03|publisher=City of Chicago|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528061131/http://www.millenniumpark.org/artandarchitecture/wrigley_square.html <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=2008-05-28}}</ref> It contains the '''Millennium Monument''', a nearly full-sized replica of the semicircle of paired Roman [[Doric order|Doric]]-style columns (called a [[peristyle]]) that originally sat in this area of [[Grant Park (Chicago)|Grant Park]], near Michigan Avenue and Randolph Street, between 1917 and 1953.<ref name=A&AWSaMMP/> The square also contains a large lawn and a public fountain.

==Detail==
{{Millennium Park Map}}
Lying between [[Lake Michigan]] to the east and the Loop to the west, [[Grant Park (Chicago)|Grant Park]] has been Chicago's front yard since the mid 19th century. Its northwest corner, north of Monroe Street and the [[Art Institute of Chicago|Art Institute]], east of [[Michigan Avenue (Chicago)|Michigan Avenue]], south of Randolph Street, and west of [[Columbus Drive (Chicago)|Columbus Drive]], had been [[Illinois Central Railroad|Illinois Central]] rail yards and parking lots until 1997, when it was made available for development by the city as [[Millennium Park]].<ref name=MPNYT>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/06/books/chapters/0806-1st-gilf.html|title=Millennium Park|access-date=June 24, 2008|date=August 6, 2006|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Gilfoyle, Timothy J.}}</ref>  Today, Millennium Park trails only [[Navy Pier]] as a [[Tourism in Chicago|Chicago tourist attraction]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Crain's List Largest Tourist Attractions (Sightseeing): Ranked by 2007 attendance|date=2008-06-23|page=22|publisher=[[Crain Communications Inc.]]|work=Crain's Chicago Business}}</ref>

The square is a tree-lined section of Millennium Park with a large lawn. The area broadcasts free [[Wi-Fi]] wireless technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egov.cityofchicago.org/city/webportal/portalContentItemAction.do?blockName=City+of+Chicago%2fWireless%2fContent&deptMainCategoryOID=-536896333&entityName=Wireless&topChannelName=SubAgency&contentOID=536930694&Failed_Reason=Invalid+timestamp,+engine+has+been+restarted&contenTypeName=COC_EDITORIAL&com.broadvision.session.new=Yes&Failed_Page=%2fwebportal%2fportalContentItemAction.do&context=dept|title=Wi-Fi in Millennium Park|access-date=2008-06-03|publisher=City of Chicago|archive-date=2007-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621114433/http://egov.cityofchicago.org/city/webportal/portalContentItemAction.do?blockName=City+of+Chicago%2FWireless%2FContent&deptMainCategoryOID=-536896333&entityName=Wireless&topChannelName=SubAgency&contentOID=536930694&Failed_Reason=Invalid+timestamp,+engine+has+been+restarted&contenTypeName=COC_EDITORIAL&com.broadvision.session.new=Yes&Failed_Page=%2Fwebportal%2FportalContentItemAction.do&context=dept|url-status=dead}}</ref> The square has earned a reputation as an outdoor culture spot by hosting a wide range of cultural events such as local and international art and photography exhibitions, as well as occasional live musical performances.<ref name=CAPC>{{cite book|title=Chicago: A Pictorial Celebration|author=Cremin, Dennis H. and Elan Penn|publisher=Sterling|date=January 28, 2006|isbn=1-4027-2387-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/chicagopictorial0000crem/page/99 99]|url=https://archive.org/details/chicagopictorial0000crem/page/99}} cited at {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJthV44WLakC&q=%22Wrigley+Square%22&pg=PA99|title=Wrigley Square|access-date=2008-06-03|date=2004-07-28|isbn=9781402723872|last1=Cremin|first1=Dennis H|last2=Penn|first2=Elan}}</ref> This reputation is reminiscent of the earlier [[neoclassical architecture|neo-classical]] meeting place.<ref name=CAPC/> When [[Mayor of Chicago]] [[Richard M. Daley]] dedicated the square, it was dedicated to the donors, known as the Founders Group, who funded Millennium Park.<ref name=WSDTDWR$MFWCPaCFD>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbcchicago.com/upload/2510.pdf|title=Wrigley Square Dedicated To Donors Who Raised $100 Million For World-Class Park at Chicago's Front Door|access-date=2008-06-03|date=Summer–Fall 2003|publisher=Public Building Commission of Chicago|work=Millennium Park News}}</ref>

In 2005, Millennium Park was marked for updates and improvements. Benches were to be added to the 56 original benches. Landscape architect Kathryn Gustafson designed 14 new {{convert|320|lbs|kg|1|adj=on}}, aluminum "Maggie benches" in Millennium Park, mostly in Wrigley square, in honor of Mayor Daley's wife.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2005/01/10/park-reflects-vision-still-in-its-infancy/|title=Park reflects vision still in its infancy|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|author=Dardick, Hal with Blair Kamin|access-date=2015-10-08|date=2005-01-10}}</ref>

The square was intended to serve as an exhibit space for outdoor sculpture as well as small cultural performances, according to Christopher Perille, vice president of the Wrigley Square Foundation.<ref name=WD$MFMPS>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2001/03/21/wrigley-donates-5-million-for-millennium-park-square/|title=Wrigley Donates $5 Million For Millennium Park Square|access-date=2015-10-08|date=2001-03-21|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref> The square's peristyle monument is in remembrance of the corporation, foundations, and individuals who made Millennium Park possible.<ref name=WD$MFMPS/>

[[File:1926 view of Grant Park Peristyle.jpg|thumb|1926 view of original]]
An architectural model of Wrigley Square and Millennium Monument, designed by O'Donnell, Wicklund, Pigozzi and Peterson Architects, Inc. (OWP&P) in 2000, is on display at the [[Harold Washington Library Center]].<ref name=MPIMMPaWSS/>

===Original peristyle===
In 1917, the original peristyle was designed by renowned Chicago planner [[Edward H. Bennett]], who was [[Daniel Burnham]]'s partner in the [[Plan of Chicago]] and who was known for designing the nearby [[Buckingham Fountain]]. It was located in [[Grant Park (Chicago)|Grant Park]] in the same location as the current Wrigley Square.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpark.org/parkhistory/|title=Park History|access-date=2008-06-20|publisher=City of Chicago|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526012215/http://www.millenniumpark.org/parkhistory/ <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=2008-05-26}}</ref> The original peristyle rose to {{convert|40|ft|m|1}} and had a [[diameter]] of {{convert|100|ft|m|1}}.<ref name=MPIMMPaWSS/> The original was made of [[concrete]], which did not stand up to the [[Lake Michigan]] lakefront weather.<ref name=plaque/> In 1953 it was razed to make way for the Grant Park North Garage.<ref name=MPIMMPaWSS>{{cite web|url=http://www.chipublib.org/cplbooksmovies/cplarchive/archivalcoll/mpi_mill_wrigleysquare.php|title=Millennium Park Inc. - Millennium Monument (Peristyle) and Wrigley Square Series|access-date=2008-06-03|publisher=[[Chicago Public Library]]}}</ref> The original peristyle was on a [[promenade]] with [[baluster|balustrade]]s.<ref name=CAPC/>

===Millennium Monument===
{{Infobox Sculpture
 | image  = [[File:Downtown Chicago Illinois Nov05 img 2478.jpg|250px|''Millennium Monument'' in Wrigley Square]]
 | title  = Millennium Monument
 | artist = O'Donnell, Wicklund, Pigozzi<br>and Peterson Architects, Inc.
 | year   = 2002
 | type   = [[Limestone]] [[Peristyle]] sculpture
 | dimensions = {{convert|40|ft|m}}
 | city   = [[Chicago, Illinois]]
 | museum = [[Millennium Park]]
 | italic title = no
}}

A gift from the [[Wrigley Company|William Wrigley, Jr. Company]], the [[limestone]] replica peristyle rises to a height of nearly {{convert|40|ft|m|1}} (one source says the columns were planned to rise to {{convert|36|ft|m|1}}),<ref name=MPgloo/> restoring a classical elegance to Grant Park. The William Wrigley, Jr. Foundation contributed [[United States dollar|$]]5 million to the monument, and the entire square, which cost $5 million to build,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CTRB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=103C4591DFB74CF8&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC331574F0ABEAFF732B33DC0B2|title= City to finally open its new front yard - Millennium Park's price tag tripled|access-date=2008-06-06|date=2004-07-11|publisher=Newsbank|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|author=Ford, Liam}}</ref> was named in its honor.<ref name=MPIMMPaWSS/> The ''Millennium Monument'' is a tribute to the individual, corporate and foundation benefactors of Millennium Park.<ref name=plaque>Millennium Monument Plaque, William Wrigley, Jr. Foundation, dedicated October 30, 2002</ref> The [[pedestal]] of the peristyle is inscribed with the names of the 115 financial donors (including [[Oprah Winfrey]]) who made the 91 contributions of at least $1 million each to help pay for Millennium Park.<ref name=AABSBDBA>{{cite web|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9901E2D61F3BF93BA25754C0A9629C8B63|title= ART/ARCHITECTURE; Big Shoulders, Big Donors, Big Art|access-date=2008-06-01|date=2004-07-18|author=Bernstein, Fred A.|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' describes the pedestal as French [[marble]],<ref name=AABSBDBA/> but other sources mention the use of French limestone.<ref name=plaque/><ref name=MPgloo/> These 115 donors are referred to as the founders of Millennium Park in official park brochures published by the City of Chicago and distributed at the visitor's centers as well as in other press accounts.<ref name=WSDTDWR$MFWCPaCFD/><ref>"Millennium Park", a brochure by the City of Chicago and the Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs, February 2007</ref> Their contributions not only paid for the construction of the park, but also provide for its ongoing conservation.<ref name=A&AWSaMMP/>

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 | width     = 
 | image1    = 20080602 Millennium Monument Plaque.jpg
 | width1    = 100
 | caption1  = ''Millennium Monument'' plaque
 | image2    = Millennium Monument upward view.jpg
 | width2    = 197
 | caption2  = Monument with [[Crain Communications Building]], [[One Prudential Plaza]] and [[Aon Center (Chicago)|Aon Center]]
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The David Dillon and Michael Patrick Sullivan (of OWP&P) design is based on original drawings by Bennett found in the [[Chicago Park District]]'s archive.<ref name=MPIMMPaWSS/>

The naming rights of the space belong to Wm. Wrigley Jr, the foundation that created the world's famous chewing gum.<ref>{{cite news|title=The new Millennium (Park) is coming to Chicago's lakefront|date=2004-05-24|work=[[St Louis Post-Dispatch]]|author=Uhlenbrock, Tom|publisher=Knight Ridder Tribune News Service|id={{ProQuest|457142436}}}}</ref> Wrigley Company officials, including [[William Wrigley, Jr. II]], wanted to contribute to Millennium Park, and the historic aspect of the peristyle was attractive to them partly because the original peristyle was constructed around the same time as the [[Wrigley Building]], the corporate headquarters located a few blocks to the north, and because the classical architectural styles of both are similar.<ref name=MPIMMPaWSS/>

[[File:2004-07-14 1460x2600 chicago stone building.jpg|thumb|upright|Viewed with [[Crain Communications Building]]]]

The 24 paired, [[fluted column]]s are the same height as the original peristyle. However, the structure was scaled down to an {{convert|80|ft|m|1|adj=on}} diameter in order to accommodate the accessible ramp that runs behind the monument.<ref name=MPIMMPaWSS/> Each of the limestone columns is cut from an Indiana [[Indiana limestone|quarry]]
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bybeestone.com/www/recproj/15.html|title=Millennium Park - Chicago, IL|work=Pictorial Archives|publisher=Bybee Stone Company, Inc., Bloomington, IN|access-date=2008-11-24 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070817022146/http://www.bybeestone.com/www/recproj/15.html |archive-date = August 17, 2007}}</ref>
and made of five {{convert|2200|lb|kg st|1}} sections reinforced by steel rods and plates.<ref name=MPgloo>{{cite web|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CTRB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0F227C5F4D1917DC&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC331574F0ABEAFF732B33DC0B2|title= Millennium Park gets look of old - After 5 decades, city re-creates classical peristyle|access-date=2008-06-06|date=2002-03-09|publisher=Newsbank|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|author=Nevala, Amy E.}}</ref> The fountain in front of the monument is a [[bronze]]-cast replica of the [[finial]]s that adorn the Wrigley Building.<ref name=plaque/> The [[brass]] spout was made from a mold of a [[terra cotta]] finail on the Wrigley Building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://brainsnack.net/cpg/displayimage.php?album=10&pos=4|title=Pictorial Chicago: Fountain in Wrigley Square, Brass Spout|access-date=2008-06-03|archive-date=2011-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723032637/http://brainsnack.net/cpg/displayimage.php?album=10&pos=4|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The front of the monument has a dedication plaque (pictured left).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wrigley Square Historical Marker |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=262785 |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=www.hmdb.org |language=en}}</ref> In addition, on the reverse side in approximately the same location, the monument has a special plaque commemorating [[John H. Bryan]]'s contribution as the head of fundraising for the Park.

The original model of the Millennium Monument was the starting point of the Peristyle appearance in Chicago. To this day, it is said to not compare to the once "commanding presence" that once stood in its place, before being demolished and replaced with an underground parking garage.<ref name=MMaWS>{{cite web|author=Kamin, Blair|access-date=2015-10-08|date=2004-07-18|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2004-07-18/news/0407180373_1_millennium-park-star-columns|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726012154/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2004-07-18/news/0407180373_1_millennium-park-star-columns|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 26, 2014|title=Millennium Monument at Wrigley Square ** Michigan Avenue at Randolph Drive OWP & P Architects, Chicago}}</ref> The new monument was downsized by approximately 15% to accommodate a wheel-chair ramp for the disabled in a tight space.<ref name=MMaWS/> It also includes a "classical" take on the original, incorporating a fountain at the base of the limestone, Doric, column monument.<ref name=MMaWS/> The monument, despite being relatively small in comparison to the rest of Grant Park, makes its presence known as the central focus to shape Wrigley Square and the surrounding landscape.<ref name=MMaWS/> Wrigley Square is unique for its fountain that, unlike Buckingham Fountain, which is fenced off, remains open with a circular ledge to allow park-goers the freedom to sit next to the open water to enjoy the atmosphere.<ref name=MMaWS/>

==Notes==
{{reflist|33em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/dca/supp_info/millennium_park_-artarchitecture.html#wrigley City of Chicago Millennium Park: Wrigley Square] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211235752/https://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/dca/supp_info/millennium_park_-artarchitecture.html#wrigley |date=2018-02-11 }}
*[http://www.cityofchicago.org/content/dam/city/depts/dca/Millennium%20Park/MPMap1000.png Millennium Park map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711033448/https://www.cityofchicago.org/content/dam/city/depts/dca/Millennium%20Park/MPMap1000.png |date=2017-07-11 }}
*[http://www.cityofchicago.org/content/dam/city/depts/doit/general/GIS/Chicago_Maps/Community_Areas/CA_LOOP.pdf City of Chicago Loop Community Map]

{{Wrigley}}
{{Millennium Park}}
{{Geographic Location
 | Center    = Wrigley Square
 | Northeast = [[Illinois Center]]
 | East      = [[Jay Pritzker Pavilion]]
 | Southwest = [[Chicago Loop]]/[[Historic Michigan Boulevard District]]
 | West      = [[Chicago Loop]]/[[Historic Michigan Boulevard District]]
 | Southeast = ''[[Cloud Gate]]''
 | Northwest = [[Chicago Loop]]
 | North     = [[Illinois Center]]
 | South     = [[McCormick Tribune Plaza & Ice Rink]]
}}
{{good article}}

[[Category:2002 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:Limestone sculptures in the United States]]
[[Category:Millennium Park]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Chicago]]
[[Category:Parks in Chicago]]
[[Category:Wrigley Company]]