View source for Xiamen

{{short description|City in Fujian, China}}
{{Redirect|Amoy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Xiamen
| official_name      = <!-- Official name in English if different from 'name' -->
| native_name        = 厦门市
| native_name_lang   = zh-Hans
| other_name         = Amoy
| settlement_type    = [[Prefecture-level city|Prefecture-level]] and [[Sub-provincial city]]
| motto              = {{lang|zh-hans|温馨城市·海上花园}} (Comfortable city, oceanfront garden){{force singular}}
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 300
| perrow                   = 2/2/1
| image1                   =
| alt1                     = Xiamen skyline
| image2                   = 20121031 Xiamen University 01.jpg
| alt2                     = Xiamen University
| image3                   = Gulangyu.jpg
| alt3                     = Gulangyu
| image4                   = Xiamen Nanputuo 20120226-05 (cropped).jpg
| alt4                     = Nanputuo
| image5                   = Xiamen night cityscape 2018 - Flickr - Jaykhuang.jpg
| image6                   = Haicang Bridge cropped.jpg
| alt6                     = Haicang Bridge
|caption1 = Skyline of Xiamen
|caption2=[[Xiamen University]]
|caption3=[[Gulangyu]]
|caption4=[[South Putuo Temple]]
|caption5=[[Shimao Cross-Strait Plaza]]
|caption6 =[[Haicang Bridge]]
}}
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_seal         =
| seal_size          = 
| image_shield       = 
| shield_size        = 
| city_logo          = 
| citylogo_size      = 
| image_map          = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=9|frame-lat=24.66|frame-long=118.16}}
| image_map1         = Locator map Xiamen in Fujian.svg
| mapsize1           = 240px
| map_caption1       = Location of Xiamen City jurisdiction in Fujian
| image_dot_map      = 
| dot_mapsize        = 
| dot_map_caption    = 
| dot_x              = 
| dot_y              = 
| pushpin_map        = China
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in China
| pushpin_mapsize    = 
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|China}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of China|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Fujian]]
| subdivision_type2  = 
| subdivision_name2  = 
| seat_type          = Municipal seat
| seat               = [[Siming District]]
| parts_type         = [[County-level division|County-level<br />divisions]]
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = 6 districts
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = [[Sub-provincial city]]
| governing_body     = [[Xiamen Municipal People's Congress]]
| leader_title       = [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Secretary]]
| leader_name        = Cui Yonghui
| leader_title1      = [[Xiamen Municipal People's Congress|Congress]] Chairman
| leader_name1       = Yang Guohao
| leader_title2      = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name2       = Wu Bin
| leader_title3      = [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] Chairman
| leader_name3       = Zhang Guowang
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = 
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date2  = 
| established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date3  = 
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_footnotes     = <!-- ([[List of China administrative regions by area|ranked 29th]]) -->
| area_total_km2     = 1700.61<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_land_km2      = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_urban_km2     = 1700.61
| area_metro_km2     = 4290.84
| population_as_of   = 2020 census
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/fujian/admin/|title = China: Fújiàn (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map}}</ref>
| population_note    = 
| population_total   = 5,163,970
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro   = 5,163,970
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| population_urban   = 3,866,555
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_blank1_title = <!-- Mun. Density rank -->
| population_blank1  = <!-- ([[List of China administrative regions by population density|4th]]) -->
| population_density_blank1_km2 = 
| population_blank2_title = Major [[Nationalities of China|nationalities]]
| population_blank2  = {{plainlist|
*[[Han Chinese|Han]]: 96%
*[[Manchu]]: 2%
*[[Hui people|Hui]]: 2%
*[[Mongol]]ian: 0.3%}}
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_title1 = [[Prefecture-level city|Prefecture-level]] and [[Sub-provincial city]]
| demographics2_info1 = [[Renminbi|CN¥]] 858.901&nbsp;billion<br />[[US$]] 120.603&nbsp;billion
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 160,888<br />US$ 22,591
| timezone           = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset         = +8
| coor_pinpoint      = Xiamen municipal government
| coordinates        = {{coord|24.4796|N|118.0889|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-35_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
| elevation_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> </ref> tags -->
| elevation_m        = 
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 361000
| area_code          = [[Telephone numbers in China|592]]
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-FJ-02]]
| blank4_name        = [[License Plate (China)|License plate prefixes]]
| blank4_info        = {{lang|zh-cn|闽D}}
| blank5_name        = [[Varieties of Chinese|Language]]
| blank5_info        = {{plainlist|
*[[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]] (official) 
*[[Tong'an]] [[Hokkien]] (majority) 
*[[Amoy dialect|Xiamen]] [[Hokkien]] (island)}}
<!-- think these are Beijing's information
|blank_name_sec2        ='''City trees'''
|blank_info_sec2        ={{plainlist|
*[[Chinese arborvitae]] (''Platycladus orientalis'')
*[[Styphnolobium japonicum|Pagoda tree]]}}
|blank1_name_sec2       ='''City [[flower]]s'''
|blank1_info_sec2       ={{plainlist|
*[[Chrysanthemum]] (''Chrysanthemum morifolium'')
*[[Rosa chinensis|China rose]]}} -->
| website            = {{URL|http://www.xm.gov.cn|xm.gov.cn}}
| total_type         = City
| footnotes          = 
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| showflag = poj
| order = st
| l = "Mansion Gate"{{efn|Formerly "Lower Gate" ({{lang|zh-hant|下門}}); see Name section.}}
| pic = Xiamen_(Chinese_characters).svg
| piccap = "Xiamen" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
| picupright = 0.45
| s = 厦门
| t = 廈門
| p = Xiàmén
| w = {{tone superscript|Hsia4-mên2}}
| gr = Shiahmen
| tp = Siàmén
| myr = Syàmén
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Xiamen pronunciation.ogg|x|ia|4|.|m|en|2}}
| bpmf = {{bpmfsp|ㄒㄧㄚˋ|ㄇㄣˊ}}
| psp = Amoy
| tl = Ē-mn̂g ''or'' Ēe-muî
| poj = Ē-mn̂g ''or'' Ē͘-mûi
| buc = Â-muòng
| j = Haa6mun4
| y = Hah-mùhn
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|h|aa|6|-|m|un|4}}
| lmz = Gho<sup>3</sup>-men<sup>3</sup>
| gan = Ha<sup>5</sup>-mun<sup>4</sup>
| h = Hà-mûn
| altname = 
}}
'''Xiamen''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|UK|ʃ|(|j|)|ɑː|ˈ|m|ɛ|n}} {{respell|sh(y)ah|MEN}}, {{IPAc-en|US|-|ˈ|m|V|n}} {{respell|-|MUN}}; {{lang-zh|c=|s=厦门|p=Xiàmén|poj=Ē-mn̂g}}), also known as '''Amoy''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|m|ɔɪ}} {{respell|ə|MOY}};<ref>{{OED|Amoy}}</ref> from the [[Zhangzhou Hokkien]] pronunciation, {{lang-zh|c=|s=|t=|p=|poj=Ē͘-mûi}}, {{IPA|nan-TW|ɛ˨˩ muĩ˩˧|IPA}}}} historically romanized as '''Amoy''', is a [[sub-provincial city]] in southeastern [[Fujian]], [[People's Republic of China]], beside the [[Taiwan Strait]]. It is divided into six [[District of the People's Republic of China|districts]]: [[Huli District|Huli]], [[Siming District|Siming]], [[Jimei District|Jimei]], [[Tong'an]], [[Haicang District|Haicang]], and [[Xiang'an]]. All together, these cover an area of {{convert|1700.61|km2|sp=us}} with a population of 5,163,970 as of [[2020 Chinese census|2020]] and estimated at 5.35 million as of 31 December 2024. The [[urbanization in China|urbanized]] area of the city has spread from its original island to include most parts of all six of its [[District of the People's Republic of China|districts]], as well as 4 [[Zhangzhou]] districts ([[Xiangcheng District, Zhangzhou|Xiangcheng]], [[Longwen]], [[Longhai District|Longhai]] and [[Changtai]]), which form a built-up area of 7,284,148 inhabitants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/jiangsu/admin/|title=China: Jiāngsū (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map|access-date=9 January 2021|archive-date=2 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002015624/http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-jiangsu-admin.php|url-status=live}}</ref> This area also connects with [[Quanzhou]] in the north, making up a metropolis of nearly ten million people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations/|title=Major Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps|access-date=9 January 2021|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140057/https://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Kinmen]] Islands (Quemoy) administered by the [[Taiwan|Republic of China (Taiwan)]] lie less than {{convert|6|km|sp=us|0}} away separated by [[Xiamen Bay]]. As part of the [[Opening Up Policy]] under [[Deng Xiaoping]], Xiamen became one of China's original four [[Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China|special economic zones]] opened to foreign investment and trade in the early 1980s.

[[Xiamen Island]] possessed a major international seaport. The port of Xiamen is a well-developed first-class trunk line port in the Asia-Pacific region. It is ranked the 7th-largest container port in China and ranks [[List of busiest container ports|14th in the world]]. It is the 4th port in China with the capacity to handle 6th-generation large [[container ships]]. On 31 August 2010, Xiamen Port incorporated the neighboring port of [[Zhangzhou]] to form the largest port of China's Southeast. Ever since the 12th century, Xiamen was also an important origin for many migrants to [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[Philippines]]. The [[overseas Chinese]] used to support Xiamen's educational and cultural institutions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hot Terms in China's Reform |url=http://english.cri.cn/3126/2008/10/31/53s419804.htm |access-date=17 August 2018 |publisher=CRI English |date=31 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817124848/http://english.cri.cn/3126/2008/10/31/53s419804.htm |archive-date=17 August 2018 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Xiamen is classified as a Large-Port Metropolis.<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1080/03088839.2020.1802785 | title=The Southampton system: A new universal standard approach for port-city classification | year=2021 | last1=Roberts | first1=Toby | last2=Williams | first2=Ian | last3=Preston | first3=John | journal=Maritime Policy & Management | volume=48 | issue=4 | pages=530–542 | s2cid=225502755 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

Xiamen is one of the top 40 cities in the world by scientific research as tracked by the [[Nature Index]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Leading 200 science cities {{!}} Nature Index 2023 Science Cities {{!}} Supplements {{!}} Nature Index |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2023-science-cities/tables/overall |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=www.nature.com |language=en}}</ref> The city is home to [[List of universities and colleges in Fujian|several major universities]], including [[Xiamen University]], one of [[List of universities in China|China's most prestigious universities]] as a member of the [[Double First-Class Construction|Double First Class Universities]], [[Huaqiao University|Huaqiao]], [[Jimei University|Jimei]], [[Xiamen University of Technology]] and Xiamen Medical College.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2021-10-26|title=US News Best Global Universities Rankings in Xiamen|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/search?city=xiamen|url-status=live|access-date=31 October 2021|website=U.S. News & World Report|archive-date=31 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031044857/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/search?city=xiamen}}</ref> 
{{TOClimit|3}}
{{anchor|Etymology|Names}}
==Name==
Xiamen had always been known as [[Tong'an]] County since antiquity until [[Republic of China]] Era of the 20th century, followed by administrative zoning restructures and naming changes.

'''Tong'an''' County first appeared in [[Han dynasty]] records. [[Xiamen Island]] was described as '''Jiahe Islet''' of Tong'an County during the Song dynasty (960–1279). It received its present name from the Xiamen Defense Castle erected on the island by Zhou Dexing in 1387 during the [[Ming dynasty]] to meet the needs of coastal defense.<ref name=zgddc>{{cite book |script-title=zh:中国古今地名大词典 |page=2855 |isbn=9787532617432|year=2005 |author1=戴均良 |publisher=上海辞书出版社 }}</ref> The name was formerly written using, {{lang-zh|c=下門|s=|t=|p=|poj=|l=Lower Gate}}, and then changed into {{lang-zh|c=廈門|s=|t=|p=|poj=|l=Mansion Gate}} or "Gate of China".

After the fall of the Ming dynasty, [[Koxinga|Zheng Chenggong]], or Koxinga, a Ming loyalist and general, occupied Xiamen island as an anti-[[Qing dynasty|Qing]] base. In 1650, the seventh year of Emperor [[Shunzhi Emperor|Shunzhi]] of the Qing dynasty, Zheng set a military base in Xiamen island and changed its name into {{lang-zh|c=思明州|s=|t=|p=Sīmíng zhōu|poj=Su-bêng chiu|l=Think [[Ming]] (dynasty) Prefecture}}, meaning "Remembering the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=思明区历史沿革_区划地名网（行政区划网） |url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/fj/9578.html |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=www.xzqh.org}}</ref>

When its port prospered under the [[Qing dynasty|Qing]], especially during the reign of [[Kangxi Emperor|Emperor Kangxi]], the island's name was changed to {{lang-zh|c=廈門|s=|t=|p=Xiàmén|poj=Ē-mn̂g / Ē͘-mûi|l=}} again.

The island's name of 思明 was in return restored after the [[Xinhai Revolution]] that inaugurated the [[Republic of China (mainland)|republic]] in 1912.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

The island's name of 廈門 was restored in 1933, along with Xiamen being administratively planned as a city, the first of its kind in Fujian province. [[Siming District|思明]] continues to be used as the name of one of its districts.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

Xiamen is the [[Chinese tones|atonal]] [[pinyin]] [[romanization of Chinese|romanization]] of the characters' pronunciation in [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]]. It has also been romanized as '''Hiamen'''.<!--not a typo-->{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} The older English name "Amoy" was based on the same name's pronunciation in the [[Zhangzhou dialect]] of [[Hokkien language|Hokkien]], ''Ē͘-mûi''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chia |first1=Caroline |title=Hokkien Theatre Across The Seas: A Socio-Cultural Study |date=2019 |publisher=Springer |location=Singapore |isbn=978-981-13-1834-4 |page=59 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GKR5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA59 |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{Main|Xiamen Island|Xiamen Bay}}

[[File:Aerial photography Xiamen Island.JPG|left|thumb|Aerial view of [[Xiamen Island]], looking south. The [[Gaoji Causeway]] lies at the bottom and the old Yundang Harbor—now an inclosed lake—lies to the right. The [[Kinmen]] Islands, [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan) can be seen in the upper half of the photograph.]]

Xiamen is a [[sub-provincial city]] in southeastern [[Fujian]] whose urban core grew up from the port of Xiamen on southern [[Xiamen Island]], now located within [[Siming District]]. It now also includes [[Gulangyu Island]] and the rugged coast of the mainland from the northeast bank of the [[Jiulong River]] in the west to the islands of [[Xiang'an]] in the east. Xiamen Island lies about one degree north of the [[Tropic of Cancer]].<ref name=cancer>{{harvp|Pitcher|1893|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA26 26]}}.</ref> It is divided between [[Huli District]] in the north and [[Siming District]] in the south. Siming also includes Gulangyu. Its mainland territory is divided among [[Haicang District|Haicang]], [[Jimei District|Jimei]], [[Tong'an District|Tong'an]], and [[Xiang'an District|Xiang'an]] districts.

In the 19th century, Xiamen's harbor on Yundang Bay was considered one of the world's great natural harbors.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} [[Land reclamation]] has since been used to fill in the mouth of this inlet, turning it into Siming District's Yundang Lake. The municipal government is located on other reclaimed land beside it.

The nearest point of [[Lieyu|Liehyu]] in the [[Kinmen]] Islands, [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan), lies only {{convert|6|km|sp=us|0}} off Xiamen Island.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www1.china.com.cn/chinese/ChineseCommunity/138060.htm |script-title=zh:金门，离大陆真近 |script-work=zh:中国网 |date=2002-04-22 |access-date=11 June 2011 |archive-date=25 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325134702/http://www1.china.com.cn/chinese/ChineseCommunity/138060.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Xiamen Island is the fourth largest island in Fujian province. It became a peninsula after the completion of the seawall in 1955. Xiamen waters include Xiamen Port, Outer Harbor Area, Maluan Bay, Tongan Bay, Jiulong River's estuary area and the waterway on the east side. Outside the Xiamen Port, Big Kinmen, Little Kinmen, Dadan, Erdan and other island are arranged in a horizontal line. Inside, it has Xiamen Island, Gulangyu Island and other island barriers, making it a good natural port protected from storms.

===Climate===
Xiamen has a [[monsoon]]al [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa''), characterised by long, hot and humid summers (but moderate compared to much of the rest of the province) and short, mild and dry winters. The warmest month is July, with a 24-hour average of {{convert|28.3|°C|sp=us|1}}, and the coolest month is January, averaging {{convert|13.1|°C|sp=us|1}}; the annual mean is {{convert|21.1|°C|sp=us|1}}. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from {{convert|0.1|°C|sp=us|0}} on [[January 2016 East Asia cold wave|24 January 2016]] to {{convert|39.6|°C|sp=us|0}} on 9 August 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag%3DdataLogger |title=无标题文档 |access-date=18 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318113757/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |archive-date=18 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=39.6°C！厦门气温历史最高纪录，整个厦门空调之外，全是桑拿_利奇马 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/332697882_100199564#:~:text=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B42019%E5%B9%B48,%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E4%BA%86100%E5%88%86%E9%92%9F%E3%80%82 |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=www.sohu.com}}</ref> Spring, both by humidity and percentage of sunshine, is the dampest season but typhoons in late summer and early autumn can make the latter period wetter overall. Summer and autumn are marked by comparatively sunny conditions, while autumn is warm and dry. The annual rainfall is {{convert|1301|mm|sp=us|0}}. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 29% in March to 58% in July, the city receives 1,893 hours of bright sunshine annually. Frost occurs very rarely, and the last snowfall in the city took place in January 1893, when snow also fell at [[Guangzhou]], Macau, in the inland parts of Hong Kong and in the hills of [[Taipei]].

The area is known within China for its relatively low pollution.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/chinas-10-least-polluted-cities-map-2013-2 |title=These 10 Cities Are Your Best Bet at Escaping China's Epic Pollution Problem |first=Rob |last=Wile |website=[[Business Insider]] |access-date=17 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816144612/http://www.businessinsider.com/chinas-10-least-polluted-cities-map-2013-2 |archive-date=16 August 2016 |url-status=live  }}.</ref>

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| collapsed = Y
| location = Xiamen, elevation {{convert|139|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
| Jan high C = 17.5
| Feb high C = 17.9
| Mar high C = 20.2
| Apr high C = 24.3
| May high C = 27.6
| Jun high C = 30.1
| Jul high C = 32.5
| Aug high C = 32.2
| Sep high C = 30.8
| Oct high C = 27.7
| Nov high C = 24.1
| Dec high C = 19.5
| Jan mean C = 13.1
| Feb mean C = 13.5
| Mar mean C = 15.6
| Apr mean C = 19.8
| May mean C = 23.4
| Jun mean C = 26.4
| Jul mean C = 28.3
| Aug mean C = 28.0
| Sep mean C = 26.7
| Oct mean C = 23.5
| Nov mean C = 19.8
| Dec mean C = 15.3
| Jan low C = 10.5
| Feb low C = 10.8
| Mar low C = 12.8
| Apr low C = 16.8
| May low C = 20.8
| Jun low C = 24.0
| Jul low C = 25.6
| Aug low C = 25.3
| Sep low C = 24.1
| Oct low C = 20.9
| Nov low C = 17.1
| Dec low C = 12.6
| Jan record high C = 28.4
| Jan record low C = 0.1
| Feb record high C = 28.4
| Feb record low C = 2.6
| Mar record high C = 29.6
| Mar record low C = 2.5
| Apr record high C = 33.6
| Apr record low C = 6.4
| May record high C = 35.4
| May record low C = 12.2
| Jun record high C = 36.1
| Jun record low C = 16.3
| Jul record high C = 39.2
| Jul record low C = 20.7
| Aug record high C = 39.6
| Aug record low C = 21.4
| Sep record high C = 35.4
| Sep record low C = 16.7
| Oct record high C = 36.0
| Oct record low C = 13.3
| Nov record high C = 32.8
| Nov record low C = 7.5
| Dec record high C = 27.9
| Dec record low C = 1.5
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 42.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 70.2
| Mar precipitation mm = 98.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 120.1
| May precipitation mm = 171.0
| Jun precipitation mm = 203.2
| Jul precipitation mm = 130.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 215.6
| Sep precipitation mm = 121.7
| Oct precipitation mm = 49.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 36.7
| Dec precipitation mm = 42.7
| Jan humidity = 73
| Feb humidity = 77
| Mar humidity = 78
| Apr humidity = 79
| May humidity = 82
| Jun humidity = 85
| Jul humidity = 80
| Aug humidity = 80
| Sep humidity = 75
| Oct humidity = 67
| Nov humidity = 70
| Dec humidity = 70
| unit rain days = 0.1 mm
| Jan rain days = 7.1
| Feb rain days = 9.3
| Mar rain days = 12.8
| Apr rain days = 12.2
| May rain days = 14.5
| Jun rain days = 14.7
| Jul rain days = 9.5
| Aug rain days = 11.5
| Sep rain days = 8.7
| Oct rain days = 3.2
| Nov rain days = 4.6
| Dec rain days = 5.7
| year rain days = 121.0
| Jan sun = 131.0
| Jan percentsun = 39
| Feb sun = 106.5
| Feb percentsun = 33
| Mar sun = 109.0
| Mar percentsun = 29
| Apr sun = 126.6
| Apr percentsun = 33
| May sun = 137.1
| May percentsun = 33
| Jun sun = 160.8
| Jun percentsun = 39
| Jul sun = 241.9
| Jul percentsun = 58
| Aug sun = 205.9
| Aug percentsun = 52
| Sep sun = 182.1
| Sep percentsun = 50
| Oct sun = 189.3
| Oct percentsun = 53
| Nov sun = 157.3
| Nov percentsun = 48
| Dec sun = 145.5
| Dec percentsun = 44
| source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps
|script-title = zh:CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)
|publisher =  [[China Meteorological Administration]]
 | language = zh | access-date = 2023-04-11
|title = Experience Template
}}</ref><ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language=zh-cn |access-date=2020-04-15 |archive-date=5 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905194950/http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |url-status=live |title=Index }}</ref><ref name="CMA old">
{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |access-date=2010-05-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21 
}}</ref> all-time extreme temperature<ref name = Mherrera>{{cite web
|url= http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm
|title= Extreme Temperatures Around the World
|access-date= 2024-07-27
}}</ref>
| source = 
}}

==History==
The area of Xiamen was largely bypassed by the [[Qin Empire|Qin]] and [[Han Empire|Han]] conquests and colonization of [[Guangdong]], which passed west of Fujian down the [[Lingqu Canal]] between the [[Xiang River|Xiang]] and [[Li River (Guangxi)|Li]] [[rivers of China|rivers]]. It was first organized as [[Tong'an County]] in AD{{nbsp}}282 under the [[Jin Dynasty (265-420)|Jin]], but it lost this status soon afterwards. Tong'an County was again established in 933 under the [[Later Tang dynasty|Later Tang]].

The settlement on the southeastern shore of Xiamen Island{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} (now part of [[Siming District]]) developed as a seaport under the [[Song dynasty|Song]], although legal foreign trade was restricted to nearby [[Quanzhou]], which administered the area. In 1387, attacks by the [[Wokou|"Japanese" or "dwarf" pirates]]—many of them actually disaffected Chinese—prompted the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] to protect the harbor with the fortress that gave Xiamen its name. The [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] first reached Xiamen in 1541. After the [[fall of the Ming]] to the [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] in 1644, [[Southern Ming]] loyalists including [[Koxinga]] used Xiamen as a base from which to launch attacks against the invading Qing-aligned Han [[Eight Banners|Bannermen]] from 1650 to 1660.<ref>{{citation |first=Lynn A. |last=Struve |title=The Southern Ming 1644–1662 |location=New Haven |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1984 |page=181 }}.</ref> In 1661, Koxinga drove the [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] from [[Dutch Formosa|Taiwan]] and [[Kingdom of Tungning|moved his operations there]]. His base on Xiamen fell to a combined Qing and Dutch invasion in 1663.<ref name=ohwell>{{harvp|Pitcher|1893|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 31]}}.</ref> The [[East India Company]] traded extensively with the port, constructing a [[trading factory|factory]] there in 1678.<ref name=ohwell/>{{efn|The factory represented an investment of [[Spanish dollar|$]]30,000 in [[bullion]] and $20,000 in goods.<ref name=ohwell/>}} It was raised to the status of a [[subprefecture]] in 1680,{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} but the taxes and other restrictions placed on traders compelled the British to relocate to Canton and [[Fuzhou]] the next year.<ref name=ohwell/> Trade resumed in 1685<ref name=backagain>{{harvp|Pitcher|1893|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 32]}}.</ref> and continued until the imposition of the [[Canton System]]. However, despite the Canton system which restricted Western trade to the port of Guangzhou, the [[Spanish Filipino|Spanish]] were still allowed to trade in Xiamen. However, the [[Spanish Filipino|Spanish]] rarely used this privilege as Chinese traders would ship their goods from Xiamen to [[Manila]] and vice versa, which was more profitable for both sides.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Greenberg |first1=Michael |title=British Trade and the Opening of China 1800–1842 |date=1969 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=47}}</ref>

By the 19th century, the [[Chinese city walls|city walls]] had a circumference of around {{convert|9|mi|sp=us|0}}, with an inner and outer city divided by an inner wall and a ridge of hills surmounted by a well-built fort.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} The inner harbor on Yundang Bay was also well fortified{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} and these defenses were further strengthened upon the outbreak of the [[First Opium War]].<ref name=backagain/> Nonetheless, Xiamen [[Battle of Amoy|was captured]] in 1841 between [[Battle of Canton (May 1841)|Guangzhou]] and [[Capture of Chusan (1841)|Zhoushan]]. [[Sir William Parker, 1st Baronet, of Shenstone|Rear Adm. Parker]] bombarded the Qing position to little effect, but the assault by the men under [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|Lt. Gen. Gough]] caused the Chinese to flee their positions without a fight.<ref name=backagain/>{{sfnp|Ouchterlony|1844|pp=[https://archive.org/stream/chinesewaraccoun00ouchrich#page/194/mode/2up 173 ff]}} The city was abandoned during the night<ref name=poof/> and fell the next day on 27 August.<ref name=dammit>{{harvp|Pitcher|1893|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 33]}}.</ref> The Chinese had spirited out the entire treasury of [[sycee]] bullion under the nose of the British by disguising it inside hollow logs.<ref name=poof/> Xiamen being too large to garrison, a small force was left to hold Gulangyu.{{sfnp|Ouchterlony|1844|p=[https://archive.org/stream/chinesewaraccoun00ouchrich#page/200/mode/2up 176]}} The next year, the [[Treaty of Nanjing]] made Xiamen one of the first five [[treaty ports|ports opened to British trade]], which had previously been legally restricted to [[Guangzhou]]. Subsequent treaties opened the port to other international powers.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}

As the primary international port for Fujian, particularly [[Zhangzhou]] and its hinterland,{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} Xiamen became a center of China's [[History of tea#Global expansion|tea trade]], with hundreds of thousands of tons shipped yearly to Europe and the Americas.<ref name=4thnot1st>{{harvp|Pitcher|1893|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 30]}}.</ref> [[Amoy dialect|Its local dialect]] influenced [[#Dialect|a variety of translations of Chinese terms]]. Its principal exports during the period were tea, porcelain, and paper;{{efn|For 1870, 314 [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] and 240 other foreign ships cleared the port with [[GBP|£]]1,144,046 of exports, apart from the domestic traders.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} This had fallen to £384,494 by 1904.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}}}} it imported sugar, rice, cotton, and opium, as well as some manufactured goods.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}}{{efn|For 1870, 315 [[UKGBI|British]] and 245 other foreign vessels entered the port with [[GBP|£]]1,915,427 of imports, apart from the domestic traders.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} For 1904, the figure was £2,081,494.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}}}} Xiamen was also a center of [[Protestant missions in China|Protestant missionaries in China]];<ref name=lies/><ref>{{citation |last=Cheung |first=David Yiqiang |title=Christianity in Modern China: The Making of the First Native Protestant Church |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8fxPHtinolgC&pg=PA205 205 ff] |year=2004 |location=Leiden }}.</ref> the missions operated the city's two hospitals.<ref name=thatsnice>{{harvp|Pitcher|1893|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 28]}}.</ref> The merchants of Xiamen were thought among the richest and most entrepreneurial{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} and industrious<ref name=bees>{{harvp|Pitcher|1893|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA34 34]}}.</ref> in China, but the city was widely accounted the dirtiest city in China.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}}{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}}<ref name=thatsnice/> Owing to local belief in [[feng shui]], the streets were "as crooked as ram's horns"<ref name=thatsnice/> and averaged about {{convert|4|ft|sp=us|0}} in width to keep out sunlight and control public disturbances.<ref name=vamps>{{harvp|Pitcher|1893|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA29 29]}}.</ref> Its population was estimated at 250,000 in the 1870s;{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}}{{efn|The estimate is very rough. Pitcher, writing a little later, placed the town's population at 60–100,000.<ref name=lies>{{harvp|Pitcher|1893|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27 27]}}.</ref>}} by that point the island was largely barren and full of roughly 140 villages, with a total population around 400,000.<ref name=barren>{{harvp|Pitcher|1893|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA25-IA2 25]}}.</ref> European settlement in the port was concentrated on [[Gulangyu Island]] off Xiamen proper; it remains known for its colonial architecture.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Thomas Kitchin. Composite Europe. 1787. (E).JPG|The first flag in the second row was a flag of Amoy as recorded in a map published in 1787
File:Amoy & Kolang-soo.jpg|Amoy (Xiamen) and [[Gulangyu Island|Kolang-soo]] (Gulangyu) in 1844<ref name=poof>{{harvp|Ouchterlony|1844|p=[https://archive.org/stream/chinesewaraccoun00ouchrich#page/198 175]}}</ref>
File:Amoy town and harbour seen from Kalangsu Wellcome L0034288.jpg|Amoy (Xiamen) Town and Harbor from [[Gulangyu Island|Kalangsu]] (Gulangyu) in 1874.
File:Island of Koolansoo and Amoy by Lai Afong, c1870.jpg|right|[[Lai Afong]]'s {{circa|lk=no|1870}} photograph of Amoy (Xiamen) from [[Gulangyu Island|Koolansoo]] (Gulangyu).
File:Hulishan cannon.jpg|A [[Krupp]] gun at the Hulishan Battery, installed to protect Xiamen during the late Qing era.
File:Amoy_1946_AMS.jpg|Hsia-men (Xiamen) and [[Gulangyu Island|Ku-lang Hsü]] (Gulangyu) in a 1945 American map.
File:Xiamen 一国两制统一中国 20170725.jpg|[[Large-character poster|Large characters]] saying "One Country, Two Systems" and "Reunify China" on Xiamen Island's east coast, facing the nearby [[Kinmen]] Islands, [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan). Similar propaganda on Kinmen face Xiamen, reading "[[Three Principles of the People]] Unite China".
File:Gulangyu-2.jpg|[[Gulangyu Island|Gulangyu]] ''(foreground)'' and [[Xiamen Island|Xiamen]] ''(background)''.
File:DV239 Amoy (Xiamen), China.jpg|A scene in Amoy painted by a passing traveler in 1899
File:Entrance to Amoy.jpg | Xiamen's [[paifang]] {{circa|lk=no|1843}}<ref>{{citation |url=https://archive.org/stream/chinainseriesofv02wrig#page/n5/mode/2up |title=China, in a Series of Views, Displaying the Scenery, Architecture, and Social Habits of That Ancient Empire, ''Vol. II'' |last=Wright |first=G.N. |publisher=Fisher, Son, & Co. |year=1843 |page=[https://archive.org/stream/chinainseriesofv02wrig#page/n139/mode/2up 69] |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220221044/http://www.archive.org/stream/chinainseriesofv02wrig#page/n5/mode/2up |archive-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}, illustrated by Thomas Allom.</ref>
File:Amoy labourers. Photograph by John Thomson, 1869. Wellcome L0056063.jpg | An 1869 [[stereoscopy|stereogram]] of laborers in Xiamen. The first [[coolie]]s left Xiamen for [[Chinese Cubans|Havana]] in 1847
File:Album of Hongkong Canton Macao Amoy Foochow 050.jpg | "Plan of the Country around Amoy", 1870<ref>{{citation |title=Album of Hongkong, Canton, Macao, Amoy, Foochow |date=c. 1870 |last=Morrison |first=George Ernest |page=[[:File:Album of Hongkong Canton Macao Amoy Foochow.pdf&page=50|50]] |title-link=:File:Album of Hongkong Canton Macao Amoy Foochow.pdf }}.</ref>
File:View of the rooftops of houses, Amoy, China Wellcome L0056009.jpg | A [[Stereoscopy|stereogram]] of houses in Xiamen {{circa|lk=no|1870}}
File:Southern Putuo Monastery, Xiamen (Amoy), Fukien province Wellcome L0055717.jpg | [[Nanputuo Temple]] {{circa|lk=no|1870}}<ref>{{citation |last=Thomson |first=John |author-link=John Thomson (photographer) |title=Through China with a Camera |url=https://archive.org/stream/throughchinawith00thomrich#page/n7/mode/2up |location=Westminster |publisher=A. Constable & Co. |year=1898 |page=[https://archive.org/stream/throughchinawith00thomrich#page/96/mode/2up 96] |access-date=23 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508041510/https://archive.org/stream/throughchinawith00thomrich#page/n7/mode/2up |archive-date=8 May 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}.</ref>
File:Amoy Island.png|A 1915 map of the "Environs of Amoy",<ref>{{citation |title=An Official Guide to Eastern Asia |volume=IV: ''China'' |publisher=Imperial Japanese Gov't Railways |location=Tokyo |year=1915 }}.</ref> showing the city and island before the massive land reclamation projects of the 20th century.
File:Yundang Lake.jpg|[[Siming District]], looking north from the southern shore of Yundang Lake
</gallery>

By the 20th century, the local export economy had collapsed due to the success of British tea plantations in India.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} During the [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] and the early 20th century, many southern Fujianese emigrated to [[Taiwan]] and [[Southeast Asia]], such as in the [[Philippines]], [[Indonesia]], [[Brunei]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], etc., spreading [[Hokkien language]] and culture [[Overseas Chinese|overseas]]. Some 350,000 overseas Chinese currently trace their ancestry to Xiamen.<ref name=autogenerated2/> Some of this diaspora later returned: an estimated 220,000 Xiamen residents are returning overseas Chinese and their kin.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web |url=http://www.xmqs.xm.fj.cn/qw/qx-xm/qx-xm.htm |script-title=zh:"侨乡厦门" 厦门市华侨博物院 |website=xmqs.xm.fj.cn |access-date=11 June 2011 |archive-date=12 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212193929/http://www.xmqs.xm.fj.cn/qw/qx-xm/qx-xm.htm |url-status=dead }} Accessed 11 June 2011</ref> Others continue to help fund universities and cultural institutions in Xiamen.

At the time of the [[Xinhai Revolution]], the native population of the city was estimated at 300,000 and the foreign settlement at 280.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} After the establishment of the [[Republic of China (mainland)|Republic of China]], the area around Xiamen was renamed [[Siming County]]. Xiamen's trade during the period was largely conducted through [[Japanese Taiwan|Taiwan]],{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} which had been seized by [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] during the [[First Sino-Japanese War]]. The Japanese subsequently claimed Fujian as their [[sphere of influence]] during the colonial squabbling over China.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} Japan occupied Xiamen Island from May 1938 to September 1945 during [[Second Sino-Japanese War|World War II]]. During the Japanese occupation, the city provided some shipments of rice to the Portuguese Colony of [[Macau]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Wartime Macau Under the Japanese Shadow|last=Gunn|first=Geoffrey|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-988-8390-51-9|location=Hong Kong|pages=85}}</ref> In the late phases of the [[Chinese Civil War]] that followed, the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communists]] captured Xiamen and Gulangyu in October 1949 but [[Battle of Guningtou|failed to capture Kinmen]]. The same year, Xiamen became a provincially administered city ({{lang|zh|省辖市}}).

In 1955 and 1958, mainland China escalated [[Cold War]] political tensions by shelling nearby islands from Xiamen in what became known as the [[First Taiwan Strait Crisis|First]] and [[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis]]. The Nationalists responded by reinforcing Kinmen and shelling Xiamen. The [[Gaoji Causeway]] built from 1955 to 1957 notionally transformed Xiamen Island into a peninsula, and so it was termed in the [[Great Leap Forward|heady propaganda]] of the time.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} Due to political tensions, the eastern half of Xiamen Island and much of the Fujian Coast facing the offshore islands remained undeveloped in the 1960s and 1970s.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} The Water Police and [[Post-Office]] were situated directly across the water from the American embassy.

When [[Deng Xiaoping]] initiated his [[Opening Up Policy]], Xiamen was made one of the [[Special economic zones of China|first four special economic zones]] in 1980, with special investment and trade regulations attracting [[direct foreign investment|foreign investment]], particularly from overseas Chinese.<ref>Brown, Bill & Brown, Sue, [http://www.amoymagic.com/bhistory.htm "Brief Background of Xiamen (Amoy)"]</ref> The construction of Huli Export Processing Zone in [[Xiamen Special Economic Zone|Xiamen Special Economic]] Zone was officially started on 15 October 1981. In 1984, [[Xiamen Special Economic Zone|Xiamen Special Economic]] Zone was expanded from an area of 2.5 square kilometers of Huli to 131 square kilometers of the whole island. The city grew and prospered. In June 2010, [[Xiamen Special Economic Zone]] was expanded to the whole Xiamen city, and four districts outside Xiamen Island – including Jimei, Haicang, Tongan and Xiang'an – were included into the zone. After this expansion, the area of [[Xiamen Special Economic Zone]] reached 1,573 square kilometers, 11 times larger than before.

Answering the call of the Belt and Road Initiative, Xiamen has focused on dealing with international competition with a more confident attitude and to facilitate the construction of the important hub city of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.{{clarify|date=October 2019}}{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

In 2001, the governments of mainland China and Taiwan agreed to initiate the "[[Three Links#Limited liberalization|Three Mini-Links]]" and restored ferry, commercial, and mail links between the mainland and offshore islands. Trade and travel between Xiamen and Kinmen was restored and later expanded to include direct air travel to [[Taiwan Island]]. In 2010, travelers between Xiamen and Kinmen made 1.31&nbsp;million trips.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://biz.ifeng.com/city/xiamen/zoududaxiamen/chengshizatan/xiamen_2011_06/02/36652_0.shtml |script-title=zh:"厦门港为赴台自由行开通夜航 拉动厦漳泉旅游资源整合" |script-work=zh:厦门商报 |via=[[Ifeng]] Business |date=2 June 2011 |language=zh-cn |access-date=11 June 2011 |archive-date=12 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812124441/http://biz.ifeng.com/city/xiamen/zoududaxiamen/chengshizatan/xiamen_2011_06/02/36652_0.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2006, Xiamen was ranked as China's 2nd-"most suitable city for living",<ref>{{cite news  | last=  Jing  | first=  Fu  | author-mask=  Jing Fu  | url=  http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2006-01/03/content_508828.htm  | title=  Beijing drops out of top 10 'best city' list  | work= [[China Daily]]  | date=  3 January 2006  | access-date=  25 April 2012 | archive-url=  https://web.archive.org/web/20071027082820/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2006-01/03/content_508828.htm  | archive-date=  27 October 2007 | url-status=  live  | df=  dmy-all  }}</ref> as well as China's "most romantic leisure city" in 2011.<ref>{{cite news  | last=  Daily  | first=  Xiamen  | url=  http://en.xmnn.cn/travel/201111/t20111104_2057724.htm  | title=  Xiamen dubbed 'Most Romantic Leisure City'  | publisher= Xiamen Daily  | date=  4 November 2011  | access-date=  22 June 2012 | archive-url=  https://web.archive.org/web/20120306194419/http://en.xmnn.cn/travel/201111/t20111104_2057724.htm  | archive-date=  6 March 2012 | url-status=  dead  | df=  dmy-all  }}</ref>

==Demographics==
A large number of the populace are migrants.

According to the [[Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China|2020 Census]], Xiamen has a population of 5,163,970 inhabitants. According to the [[Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China|2010 Census]], Xiamen has a population of 3,531,347 inhabitants, almost 1.8 times the population counted for the last census in 2000 (which was of 2,053,070 inhabitants). The annual average population growth was of 5.57% for the period 2000–2010.<ref>{{in lang|zh}} Compilation by LianXin website. [http://www.luqyu.cn/tongjishow.asp?tid=1064 Data from the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325041616/http://www.luqyu.cn/tongjishow.asp?tid=1064 |date=25 March 2012 }}</ref> This masks the population explosion in [[Jimei District]], however, which quadrupled since the prior census; [[Huli District]]'s population more than doubled.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-fujian-admin.php|title=China: Fújiàn (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) – Population Statistics, Charts and Map|website=citypopulation.de|access-date=21 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318183026/http://citypopulation.de/php/china-fujian-admin.php|archive-date=18 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The resident population was 1,967,800 in 2013 yearend, and with a population of 3.73&nbsp;million (those residing at least half a year).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/news36687.html|title=Floating population in Xiamen reaches 2.07&nbsp;million – What's On Xiamen|website=whatsonxiamen.com|access-date=23 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826161449/http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/news36687.html|archive-date=26 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The total resident population is said to be 4,255,000 in December 2014, without specifying what counts as a resident.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/news37938.html|title=Report shows Xiamen population reaches 4.255&nbsp;million in 2014 – What's On Xiamen|website=whatsonxiamen.com|access-date=21 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121192657/http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/news37938.html|archive-date=21 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

By the end of 2024, the resident population of Xiamen has reached 5.35&nbsp;million, the majority being Han people. There are also some ethnic minorities such as She and Hui.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

{{anchor|Dialect}}
===Languages===
As with all of China, the official language is Mandarin. Migrants of non-Hokkien ancestry usually speak Mandarin and/or their ancestral tongues.

The indigenous language is [[Hokkien]], a subgroup of [[Southern Min]], with the [[Tong'an|Tong'an dialect]] being the most populous and prevalent. The [[Xiamen dialect]] is mostly confined to the southwest quarter of Xiamen Island, while the [[Zhangzhou dialect]] is spoken in a section of Haicang District.

The English words "Amoy", "tea" ({{lang-zh|c={{linktext|茶}} |poj=tê}}), "[[wikt:cumshaw|cumshaw]]" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t={{linktext|感謝}} |poj=kám-siā}}), "[[Orange pekoe|pekoe]]" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c={{linktext|白毫}} |poj=pe̍h-hô}}), [[kowtow]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t={{linktext|磕頭}} |poj=khàu-thâu}}), and "[[ketchup]]" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t={{linktext|鮭汁}} |poj=koê-chiap}}) are derived from the local Hokkien.

===Religion===
{{update|section|date=January 2022}}
The first evidence of organised religion existed in the area was dated to Sui dynasty when Buddhism was first spread to Tong'an region and spread to Xiamen Island during Tang dynasty. In the 19th century, Xiamen proper had two [[Dutch Reformed Church|Dutch Reformed]]{{efn|The churches bore the names "Sin-Koe-a" and "Tek-Chhiu-Kha".<ref name=lies/>}} and two [[London Missionary Society|LMS]] churches.<ref name=lies/> Xiamen Island was home to three [[Dutch Reformed Church|Dutch Reformed]] [[Christian mission|missions]] at "Kang-thau", "Kio-than", and "Chhan-chhu-oa".<ref name=barren/>

==Administration==
Xiamen is a [[sub-provincial city]]<ref>{{cite web|language=zh-hans |url=http://www.docin.com/p-51864614.html |script-title=zh:中央机构编制委员会印发《关于副省级市若干问题的意见》的通知. 中编发[1995]5号 |publisher=豆丁网 |date=19 February 1995 |access-date=28 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529084536/http://www.docin.com/p-51864614.html |archive-date=29 May 2014 }}</ref> of Fujian with direct jurisdiction over 6 [[District of China|districts]].

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
!colspan="6"| Map
! Name
! [[Simplified characters|Simplified Chinese]]
! [[Pinyin]]
! Population<br />{{nowrap|([[Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China|2020 census]])}}
! Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)
! Density<br />(/km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
|colspan="6" rowspan="6"| <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Xiamen.png|width=450|link=}}
{{Image label|x=330|y=580|scale=450/750|text=[[Huli District|'''Huli''']]}}
{{Image label|x=320|y=660|scale=450/750|text=[[Siming District|'''Siming''']]}}
{{Image label|x=140|y=600|scale=450/750|text=[[Haicang District|'''Haicang''']]}}
{{Image label|x=190|y=400|scale=450/750|text=[[Jimei District|'''Jimei''']]}}
{{Image label|x=280|y=240|scale=450/750|text=[[Tong'an District|'''Tong'an''']]}}
{{Image label|x=520|y=320|scale=450/750|text=[[Xiang'an District|'''Xiang'an''']]}}
{{Image label|x=600|y=625|scale=484/880|text={{small|[[Dadeng Subdistrict|Dadeng Xiaodeng Jiaoyu]]}}<br /><span style="font-size: smaller">'''Note: PRC-controlled <br /> Dadeng, Xiaodeng & Jiaoyu <br /> are claimed as part of <br /> the ROC's [[Kinmen County]].'''</span>}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|[[Huli District|Huli]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|湖里区}}
|Húlǐ Qū
|1,036,974
|73.98
|14,017
|-
|[[Siming District|Siming]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|思明区}}
|Sīmíng Qū
|1,073,315
|84.00
|12,778
|-
|[[Haicang District|Haicang]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|海沧区}}
|Hǎicāng Qū
|582,519
|186.82
|3,118
|-
|[[Jimei District|Jimei]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|集美区}}
|Jíměi Qū
|1,036,987
|274.30
|3,780
|-
|[[Tong'an District|Tong'an]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|同安区}}
|Tóng'ān Qū
|855,920
|669.36
|1,279
|-
|[[Xiang'an District|Xiang'an]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|翔安区}}
|Xiáng'ān Qū
|578,255
|412.15
|1,403
|}

In May 2003, [[Gulangyu Island|Gulangyu]] and [[Kaiyuan District|Kaiyuan]] districts were merged into Siming District; Xinglin District ({{lang|zh-hans|杏林区}}) was merged into Jimei District; and Xiang'an District was created out of a section of Tong'an District.

==Economy==
{{Wide image|An overall view of Xiamen Island.jpg|1300px|View of Xiamen Island from [[Haicang District]]}}

[[File:Xiamen International Bank Building.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Xiamen International Bank]] Building]]
[[File:Xiamen CCB Building.JPG|thumb|upright|[[China Construction Bank]] Building, Xiamen]]
Xiamen has a diverse and well-developed economy. It is the first to refer to the business environment indexes of the World Bank with the aim of creating world's first-rated business environment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.gmw.cn/2017-07/20/content_25137374.htm|script-title=zh:厦门："多规合一"改善营商环境 _光明日报 _光明网|website=news.gmw.cn|access-date=12 July 2019|archive-date=12 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712081129/http://news.gmw.cn/2017-07/20/content_25137374.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, its business environment ranked 2nd among 22 cities across the country that was evaluated by the National Development and Reform Commission.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-11/30/content_5344737.htm|script-title=zh:厦门：聚焦"互联网+政务服务" 提升城市营商环境_地方政务_中国政府网|website=gov.cn|access-date=12 July 2019|archive-date=12 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712081130/http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-11/30/content_5344737.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Its measures in areas such as dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, and trading across borders take the lead in the country.

Its social credit system has been improved. In 2018, its overall credit index ranked 2nd among 36 provincial capitals and sub-provincial cities and above.

The Siming and Huli districts form its [[Special economic zones of China|Special Economic Zone]].

Xiamen focuses on the development of five major industries – electronic information, equipment manufacturing, tourism and culture, modern logistics, and financial services.

Xiamen's GDP has grown at an average annual rate of 15.4 percent since China's reform and opening-up four decades ago. In 2018, per capita GDP: 118,015 yuan ($17,105); per capita disposable income: 50,948 yuan; public financial budget revenue: 128.3 billion yuan; 1,626 hi-tech enterprises, accounting for 44 percent of the total number of Fujian province; 600.5 billion yuan of total foreign trade value; degree of dependence on foreign trade has reached 125 percent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.taihainet.com/news/xmnews/szjj/2019-02-01/2230757.html|script-title=zh:2018年厦门经济运行年报出炉：厦门2018年GDP增长7.7%_时政要闻_厦门_新闻中心_台海网|website=taihainet.com|access-date=12 July 2019|archive-date=12 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712081129/http://www.taihainet.com/news/xmnews/szjj/2019-02-01/2230757.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

By the end of 2018, Xiamen brought in a total of 14,818 foreign-invested projects; contractual foreign investments: $66 billion, actual foreign investments: $37.9 billion; 62 overseas Fortune 500 companies invested in 112 projects in Xiamen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xm.gov.cn/zjxm/cyjj/201906/t20190627_2311252.htm|script-title=zh:对外经济--中国厦门|website=xm.gov.cn|access-date=12 July 2019|archive-date=12 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712081138/http://www.xm.gov.cn/zjxm/cyjj/201906/t20190627_2311252.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Xiamen is also the host of the [[China International Fair for Investment and Trade]] held annually in early September to attract foreign direct investment into the Chinese mainland.

Xiamen also hold [[Straits Forum]] annually. The 2019 edition kicked off in the coastal city from 15 to 21 June. More than 10,000 people attended the annual forum this year.

In 2023 forecast by the [[Xiamen Government|city government]], Xiamen is aiming for 25,000 of GDP per capita measured by USD.<ref>{{Cite web |title=关于印发厦门市2023年一季度稳增长工作方案的通知 |url=http://www.sme.net.cn/jmzs/tbts/show.asp?id=5146&topic=1 |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=www.sme.net.cn}}</ref>

===Financial services===
Xiamen has highly developed banking services. The biggest bank is the state-owned commercial bank, Sino-foreign joint venture [[Xiamen International Bank]], solely foreign-funded [[Xiamen Bank]], and [[Xiamen Rural Commercial Bank]].

Various foreign banks that have established representative offices in Xiamen.

===Development zones===
'''Haicang Investment Zone''' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=廈門海滄台商資區区}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.haicang.gov.cn/en/|title=National-level Taiwanese Investment Zone|website=haicang.gov.cn|access-date=19 July 2019|archive-date=27 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627113245/http://www.haicang.gov.cn/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> is situated to the southeast of Xiamen Island, at the tip of the Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou Delta in South Fujian bordering Zhangzhou City to the west, Jimei District to the north, and overlooking Xiamen Island across the narrow water. The 100-square-kilometer Haicang Investment Zone is the largest national investment zone for Taiwan business people authorized by the State Council in 1989. It is situated close to Xiamen Port.<ref>[http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/xiamen-haicang-taiwanese-investment-zone/ Xiamen Haicang Taiwanese Investment Zone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505055539/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/xiamen-haicang-taiwanese-investment-zone |date=5 May 2010 }}. RightSite.asia. Retrieved 28 August 2011.</ref> The zone aims at becoming a new port area, a new industrial area and a sub-center of greater Xiamen in the 21st century. It is divided into the following four functional areas in line with its overall plan: Haicang Port Area, Xinyang Industrial Area, Southern Industrial Area and Haicang New Urban Area.

'''Xiamen Area of China (Fujian) Pilot Free Trade Zone''' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=福建自贸试验区厦门片区管委会}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.xmftz.gov.cn/|title=China(fujian·xiamen)pilot free trade zone|website=english.xmftz.gov.cn|access-date=19 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115232020/http://english.xmftz.gov.cn/|archive-date=15 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> is located in the northwest part of Xiamen, within the area of Dongdu port. Near No 319 national road and Yingxia railway, it is connected with Gaoqi International Airport. On 15 October 1992, the State Council approved establishment of the zone with an area of 5 square kilometers; the first phase covers 0.63 square kilometers and was put into operation on 28 November 1993. It is the most modern international logistics zone in the southeast part of China.

'''Xiamen Torch Development Zone for High Technology Industries''' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=厦门火炬高新区管委会}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xmtorch.xm.gov.cn/|script-title=zh:厦门火炬高技术产业开发区|website=xmtorch.xm.gov.cn|access-date=19 July 2019|archive-date=19 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719071124/http://xmtorch.xm.gov.cn/|url-status=live}}</ref> was jointly established by the former State Scientific and Technological Commission and the Xiamen municipal government in 1990 and has gradually developed into "one zone with multi parks". A favorable investment environment and high returns has made the zone into a hot spot for foreign investment. Bourns Inc. of the United States concluded the zone the most ideal target for foreign investors in China. Some of the world's top 500 companies such as Dell, ABB Switch, ABB Low-Voltage, ABB High-Voltage, Panasonic, FDK, Xiamen Tungaloy, and Fujitsu are rapidly expanding their operations in Xiamen. The zone is oriented towards information technology, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, oceanology, advanced manufacturing, and environment technology. Most of its exports go to countries and areas such as the US, Japan, Southeast Asia, West Europe, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Hi-tech exports include computers, color monitors, microscopes, power supply units, integrated circuits, stepping motors, wireless telephones, switching equipment, tungsten carbide micro-drills, and similar products.
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===== Gulangyu Island-Wanshi Mountain Scenic Spot =====
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=== Key industries ===

==== Panel display industry ====
Xiamen is one of China's regions with rapid development of the TFT liquid crystal display (LCD) industry. Its industrial scale ranks sixth in the country and is the only pilot city with a national optoelectronic display industrial cluster. The city also has the largest R&D and production base of touch screen modules in the world. Xiamen's panel display industry reached an output value of 131.5&nbsp;billion yuan in 2018, forming a complete industrial chain layout. Industrial parks include Xiamen Tongan Xiang'an Hi-tech Industrial Base and Xiamen Torch Hi-Tech Industrial Zone (Xiang'an).

==== Computer and communication equipment industry ====
Xiamen has gathered integrated manufacturing enterprises in such fields as complete computers, mobile phones, mobile phone lenses, micro motors, flexible circuit boards, bluetooth and wireless access equipment, and positioning and navigation sensors, as well assupporting enterprises of basic components, accessories, external equipment and IT services. The complete machine brand has global influence. The industry reached an output value of 120.4&nbsp;billion yuan ($17.68&nbsp;billion) in 2018. Industrial parks include Xiamen Tongan Xiang'an Hi-tech Industrial Base and Xiamen Torch Hi-Tech Industrial Zone (Xiang'an).

==== Semiconductor and integrated circuits industry ====
Xiamen is home to more than 200 integrated circuit (IC) enterprises which form an industrial chain covering IC design, manufacturing, testing, equipment and materials as well as applications. Xiamen's IC industry reached an output value of 41.7&nbsp;billion yuan ($6.11&nbsp;billion) in 2018. Industrial parks include Xiamen Tongan Xiang'an Hi-tech Industrial Base, Xiamen Science and Technology Innovation Park, Xiamen Haicang Information Industrial Park, and Xiamen IC Strait Free Trade Zone Industrial Base.

==== Software and information services industry ====
The software and information services industry in Xiamen covers various fields including the platform economy, industrial application software, animation and games and cloud computing and information security. The city has won the title of "China's Characteristic City in Software". The industrial output value of Xiamen's software and information services industry in 2018 reached 149.3&nbsp;billion yuan ($21.78&nbsp;billion), with Xiamen Software Park accounting for 67 percent of that figure.

==== Machinery and equipment industry ====
Xiamen's machinery and equipment industry covers five industrial sectors – large and medium-sized passenger cars, power transmission and distribution equipment, aviation maintenance, engineering machinery and shipbuilding, with an output value of 103.7&nbsp;billion yuan ($15.13&nbsp;billion) in 2018. Industrial parks include Xiamen Machinery industry concentration area, Xiamen Torch Power Transmission and Distribution Industry Base, Xiamen Haicang Ship Industrial Zone, Xiamen Aviation Industrial Zone, and Xiamen Airport Industrial Zone.

==== New materials industry ====
Xiamen's new materials industry is dominated by special metal materials and advanced polymer materials, including photoelectric information materials, new energy, energy saving and environmental protection materials, and advanced carbon nanomaterials. The industry reached an output value of 88.9&nbsp;billion yuan ($12.95&nbsp;billion) in 2018. Industrial parks include Xiamen Tongan Xiang'an Hi-tech Industrial Base and Xiamen Torch Hi-Tech Industrial Zone (Xiang'an).

==== Tourism industry ====
Xiamen has been honored as the Top [[Tourist city|Tourist City]] in China, a Demonstration City of Tourism and Leisure in China and one of China's most romantic leisure cities. The holiday tourism popularity and tourist satisfaction in Xiamen has long been at the forefront in China,{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} and its inbound tourism and foreign exchange earnings have been ranked in China's top 10. The number of people going to Taiwan via Xiamen Port ranks first in China.

==== Exhibition industry ====
In 2018, Xiamen held a total of 229 exhibitions, with a total exhibition area of 2.38&nbsp;million square meters, up 8.6 percent year-on-year. The hotels and conference centers in the city hosted 9,262 commercial meetings with more than 50 people attending, up 12.1 percent year-on-year. The total number of participants from home and abroad to Xiamen reached 1.88&nbsp;million, with a year-on-year increase of 12.1 percent. The total revenue of the exhibition industry in Xiamen reached 40.3&nbsp;billion yuan ($5.86&nbsp;billion). Industrial parks include Xiamen International Conference & Exhibition Center, Xiamen International Conference Center, Xiamen Fliport Conference & Exhibition Center, and Xiamen east sports exhibition area (under construction).

==== Culture and creativity industry ====
Xiamen has seen rapid development in creative design, the film industry and high-end artworks in recent years. The city was listed among the first National Culture Export Bases and is home to the world's third Red Dot Design Museum. Also, the Golden Rooster and Hundred Flowers Film Festival, one of the top events in China's film industry, is to be presented in Xiamen once every two years for the 10 years following 2019. The total revenue of Xiamen's culture and creativity industry reached 104&nbsp;billion yuan ($15.13&nbsp;billion) in 2018. Industrial parks include National demonstration base for the integration of culture and science and technology, National Fujian and Taiwan cultural industry experimental park, Longshan cultural and creative industrial park, Huli creative industrial park, Jimeiji film and television industrial park, Tongan cultural industrial park, and Cross-Straits architectural design cultural and creative park.

==== Modern logistics industry ====
Xiamen has been approved as a national modern logistics innovation and development city, a national cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone, a smart logistics city and a logistics standardization pilot zone, and a demonstration city for the standardization of [[cold chain]] circulation of agricultural products. In 2018, the modern logistics industry in Xiamen achieved an output value of 118&nbsp;billion yuan ($17.17&nbsp;billion). And Xiamen port ranked 7th in China and 14th in the world in terms of container throughput. Xiamen has formed a freight hub integrating the southeast coastal area highways and railroads. There are five logistics industry agglomeration areas in Xiamen: Haicang and Dongdu port-surrounding areas, Qianchang, Tongan and Xiang'an.

==== Financial services industry ====
In 2018, Xiamen's total revenue of financial services reached 152.9 billion yuan ($22.24 billion), and added value accumulated to 52.4 billion yuan. Industrial parks include Xiamen cross-Straits financial center and Xiamen Area of China (Fujian) Pilot Free Trade Zone.

==== Bio-medicine and health industry ====
Xiamen is a pilot city for the regional agglomeration of emerging industries in bio-medicine, with a total output value of 58.9 billion yuan ($8.56 billion) in 2018. A total of 241 State-level high-tech enterprises have settled in the city. Xiamen Biobay is the incubation center for local bio-medicine achievements.

==== Urban modern agriculture industry ====
Urban modern agriculture in Xiamen covers the planting industry, animal husbandry, agricultural and sideline products, the food processing industry, rural tourism and ecological leisure agriculture. In 2018, Xiamen's agricultural product processing developed steadily, with 44 leading agricultural industrialization enterprises generating sales revenue of 55.3 billion yuan ($8.05 billion). Industrial parks include Xiamen cross-Straits agricultural high-tech park, Xiamen Tongan National Agricultural Science and Technology Park, Xiamen Tongan light industry food industrial park, Agricultural and sideline products logistics center of southern Fujian, and Leisure agriculture areas including Xiangshan, Damaoshan and Zhubawuxian.

==== Automotive ====

[[Sanyang Motor]]'s subsidiary '''Xiamen Xiashing Motorcycle Company, Limited''' operates an [[Original design manufacturer|ODM]]/[[Original equipment manufacturer]] motorcycle parts manufacturing plant in Xiamen. The products are manufactured to support French-based [[Peugeot Motocycles]] and Korean-based [[SNT Motiv|S&T]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.made-in-china.com/showroom/omdsym | title=China Motorcycle Manufacturer, Engine, General Engine Supplier - Xiamen Xiashing Motorcycle Co., Ltd }}</ref>

==Transportation==

===Local transportation===
The [[Gaoji Causeway]], five main road bridges (the Jimei, Xiamen, Xiang'an, Xinglin, and [[Haicang Bridge]]s), and two undersea tunnels (Xiang'an Tunnel and Haicang Tunnel) link [[Xiamen Island]] with the mainland.

The main forms of public transportation in Xiamen are buses, [[bus rapid transit]] (BRT), and the subway. People now can use [[Alipay]], a mobile payment application by [[Alibaba Group|Alibaba]], to pay for the city's bus, subway, and BRT.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.taihainet.com/news/xmnews/ldjj/2019-07-26/2289498.html|script-title=zh:厦门地铁BRT都能刷支付宝了|access-date=16 August 2019|archive-date=16 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816082717/http://www.taihainet.com/news/xmnews/ldjj/2019-07-26/2289498.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Taxis can be easily hailed in most areas of the city. Bicycles are commonly used by residents, especially on Xiamen Island. Unlike many Chinese cities, motorcycles, mopeds, tricycles, and wooden handcarts are not permitted in Xiamen Island (Siming and Huli). The city has upheld a ban on these vehicles since the 1990s. Electric bikes are permitted with proper licensing and obedience of traffic laws.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/news39802.html|title=Xiamen cracks down on electric bicycle traffic violations – What's On Xiamen|website=whatsonxiamen.com|access-date=31 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902154307/http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/news39802.html|archive-date=2 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> On the small island of [[Gulangyu Island|Gulangyu]] off Xiamen Island, automobiles are also banned.

===Railway===
[[File:2Fから見た1Fセキュリティゲート.jpg|thumb|right|[[Xiamen North Railway Station]]]]
[[File:厦漳泉城际铁路R1线原建设方案与调整后建设方案对比示意图.png|thumb|299x299px|Map of the [[Quanzhou–Xiamen–Zhangzhou Intercity Railway Line]] Stations]]
Xiamen is a railway hub city in southeast coast of China and has two stations, Xiamen Railway Station and Xiamen North Railway Station. Passengers can buy the tickets on [[China Railway|www.12306.cn]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.xm.gov.cn/citytour/traffic/201801/t20180122_1842483.html|title=XIAMEN MUNICIPAL PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENT|website=english.xm.gov.cn|access-date=26 July 2019|archive-date=26 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726040808/http://english.xm.gov.cn/citytour/traffic/201801/t20180122_1842483.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Xiamen is served by the [[Yingtan–Xiamen railway]], [[Fuzhou–Xiamen railway]], [[Longyan–Xiamen railway]] and the [[Xiamen–Shenzhen railway]], which are connected to [[List of railway lines in China|China's national railway network]] and make it possible for passengers to arrive in Shanghai in five hours, Shenzhen in three-hour, and Fuzhou in two hours, and the [[Fuzhou–Xiamen high-speed railway]] between Fuzhou and Xiamen was opened to traffic on 28 September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 Xiamen Investment Manual |url=http://swj.xm.gov.cn/tzzx/tzzn/201604/P020190626558382729718.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719084947/http://swj.xm.gov.cn/tzzx/tzzn/201604/P020190626558382729718.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2019 |access-date=19 July 2019}}</ref>

The [[Xiamen Railway Station]] on the island of Xiamen is connected to the mainland by a railway bridge. It is 10&nbsp;km from [[Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport]], 23&nbsp;km from [[Xiamen North railway station]] and 7&nbsp;km from [[South Putuo Temple|Nanputuo Temple]]. First opened in 1957, it underwent major reconstruction and expansion in March 2014 and was put into service again on 4 February 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.xmnn.cn/a/xmxw/201502/t20150204_4344932.htm|script-title=zh:厦门火车站今起重新启用 的士候车区因标识不明车太少_厦门新闻_厦门网|website=news.xmnn.cn|access-date=26 July 2019|archive-date=26 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726035256/http://news.xmnn.cn/a/xmxw/201502/t20150204_4344932.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Xiamen North Railway Station]] is located in Jimei District. In operation since April 2010, the station is 13 kilometers from [[Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport]] and 23&nbsp;km from Xiamen Railway Station. The station operates bullet trains only. At present, its trains run to [[Beijing]], [[Shanghai]], [[Fuzhou]], [[Wuhan]], [[Chongqing]], [[Nanjing]], [[Shenzhen]] and other cities.

The [[Quanzhou–Xiamen–Zhangzhou Intercity Railway Line]] is currently conducting on-site surveys, which will link the cities of [[Quanzhou]], Xiamen and [[Zhangzhou]] together when completed.

===Road===
The expressway networks of Xiamen and the mid-west area of Chinese mainland are connected seamlessly by Shenyang-Haikou Highway, Xiamen-Chengdu Highway, Xiamen-Shaxian Highway, and urban expressways.<ref name="2019 Xiamen Investment Manual">{{Cite web|url=http://swj.xm.gov.cn/tzzx/tzzn/201604/P020190626558382729718.pdf|title=2019 Xiamen Investment Manual|access-date=19 July 2019|archive-date=19 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719084947/http://swj.xm.gov.cn/tzzx/tzzn/201604/P020190626558382729718.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Bridge ===
[[File:Haicang Bridge,Puente de Haicang (9172145021).jpg|thumb|The [[Haicang Bridge]] in 2010]]
[[Xiamen Bridge]], the first road bridge in China that crossed the straits, opened to public in 1991. Eight years later, [[Haicang Bridge]] was opened to traffic, which made it Asia's first and world's second suspension bridge with floating rebar at the time. In 2008, Xiamen built [[Jimei Bridge]] and [[Xinglin Bridge]]. Moreover, there is the [[Xiang'an Bridge]], was opened to traffic on 17 January 2023. Meanwhile, 14 roads for entry and exit at the north gate of Xiamen were added to the map. Moreover, there is the [[Xiamen–Kinmen Bridge]], scheduled to be opened to traffic in 2026, under construction. At present, Xiamen is working on a road system containing two inner and outer ring roads as well as eight supplementary roads.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.taihainet.com/news/xmnews/ldjj/2019-07-10/2281460.html|script-title=zh:厦门轨道交通2019上半年完成投资88亿元|access-date=16 August 2019|archive-date=16 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816083436/http://www.taihainet.com/news/xmnews/ldjj/2019-07-10/2281460.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Undersea tunnel ===
In addition to bridges, tunnels also help Xiamen connect the inside and outside parts of the island. [[Xiang'an Tunnel]] is China's first undersea tunnel with large cross-section and is also the sixth route to access Xiamen Island. It was opened to traffic on 26 April 2010, with a total length of 8.695&nbsp;km, of which the tunnel part covering 6.05&nbsp;km connecting Xiaman Island and Xiang'an district. Moreover, there is the [[Haicang Tunnel]], was opened to traffic on 17 June 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.xmnn.cn/xmnn/2019/08/09/100579337.shtml |script-title=zh:海沧隧道主隧道将于今年年底贯通 争取2020年底建成通车 |access-date=16 August 2019 |archive-date=16 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816081936/http://news.xmnn.cn/xmnn/2019/08/09/100579337.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> It has a total length of 7.102&nbsp;km, of which the tunnel part covering 6.293&nbsp;km. It set three interchange to connect Haicang and Huli districts. Moreover, there is the [[Tong'an Tunnel]], scheduled to be opened to traffic in 2028, under construction.

=== Subway ===
{{Main|Xiamen Metro}}
Xiamen subway initiated construction on 1 April 2014 and was put into experimental operation on 31 December 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fj.sina.com.cn/news/m/2017-12-27/detail-ifypxrpp4563825.shtml|script-title=zh:厦门地铁1号线12月31日10时将开通试运营|access-date=16 August 2019|archive-date=16 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816083436/http://fj.sina.com.cn/news/m/2017-12-27/detail-ifypxrpp4563825.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Xiamen's rail traffic planning approved by the central government, the city has three metro lines by 25 June 2021 and will also accelerate the construction of Metro Line 4 and 6, with a total length of 233 kilometers. The city will witness the rapid development of its subway traffic network. The Metro Line [[Line 1 (Xiamen Metro)|1]], [[Line 2 (Xiamen Metro)|2]] and [[Line 3 (Xiamen Metro)|3]] has currently started operation.<ref name="2019 Xiamen Investment Manual" />

=== BRT ===
[[File:D09176D at Wenzao Station (20210204144455).jpg|thumb|The [[Xiamen BRT]] at Wenzhao station. Its expressways and elevated roads form a closed network accessible only to the system's buses]]
[[Xiamen BRT]] was put into operation on 31 August 2008. Its BRT system features a dedicated bus-only closed road system with stations and ticketing system similar to light rail. Most of the 115-kilometer (71&nbsp;mi) BRT network consists of bus lanes along expressways and elevated BRT viaducts on Xiamen Island. BRT routes have no traffic lights and travel speed is limited by design to 60 kilometers per hour (37&nbsp;mph). Nine BRT routes<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://epaper.xmnn.cn/xmrb/20190507/201905/t20190507_5275418.htm |script-title=zh:BRT新增快9路 |access-date=16 August 2019 |archive-date=16 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816081934/http://epaper.xmnn.cn/xmrb/20190507/201905/t20190507_5275418.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> are currently in service, including BRT-1 Route, BRT-2 Route, Huandao Avenue BRT Route, Chenggong Avenue BRT Route and Connecting BRT Route. The fare is 0.6 RMB per km for the air-conditioned buses. The BRT is supplemented by 20 shuttle bus services that connect nearby places to the BRT stations. The shuttle bus service has a flat rate of 0.5 RMB. Fare discount is available when pre-paid e-card is used.

=== Cycle-way ===
As early as 2013, Haicang built a 13.4-kilometer-long green cycle-way outside Xiamen Island, making it the first district in the city to fulfill a public bicycle system. At the beginning of 2017, Xiamen built the country's first and the world's longest aerial cycle-way.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mnw.cn/xiamen/news/1565799.html|script-title=zh:厦门空中自行车道明日试运行 全长7.6公里全球最长|access-date=16 August 2019|archive-date=16 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816081933/http://www.mnw.cn/xiamen/news/1565799.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The white hollow guardrails with 1.5 meters high on both sides won't make people "fear of height" or cause any impact on the vision.

===Air===
[[File:Boeing 787 of Xiamen Airlines at Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport.jpg|thumb|[[Boeing 787 Dreamliner]] of [[XiamenAir]] at [[Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport]]]] The [[Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport]] (IATA: XMN; ICAO: ZSAM) in northeastern [[Xiamen Island]] is a main air hub in East China with flights to over 90 domestic and international destinations. Among [[List of airports in the People's Republic of China|airports in China]], Xiamen ranked the top 17th by airport and the top 14th by city in 2024. It handled 27.906946 million passengers in 2024, up 15.8% year-on-year. Total cargo and mail traffic reached 375,652.9 tons, and air traffic exceeded 	193,268, year-on-year growth of 19.5% and 7.7%, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xiamenairport.com.cn/gywm/kgdt-open.aspx?id=730&name=%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%AF%E8%B5%84%E8%AE%AF|script-title=zh:关于我们|website=xiamenairport.com.cn|access-date=24 July 2019}}</ref> The airport is the headquarters hub of [[XiamenAir]] and [[Air Road Cargo]], and hub of [[Shandong Airlines]], [[China Eastern Airlines]] and [[Spring Airlines]].

Xiamen has now launched 187 routes to 128 cities, and is developing into an international air transit hub covering Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://epaper.xmnn.cn/xmrb/20190717/201907/t20190717_5294675.htm|script-title=zh:厦门成为我国主要国际中转城市_厦门日报电子报[厦门日报]_厦门网|website=epaper.xmnn.cn|access-date=24 July 2019|archive-date=24 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724095048/http://epaper.xmnn.cn/xmrb/20190717/201907/t20190717_5294675.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Xiamen has also began the construction of a new airport, [[Xiamen Xiang'an International Airport]], located on Dadeng Island, designed to replace Gaoqi Airport.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-05 |title=Xiamen Xiang'an International Airport |url=https://group.schindler.com/en/media/stories/xiamen-xiangan-international-airport.html |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=Welcome to the Schindler Group |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Xiamen Xiangan Airport New Airport Profile {{!}} CAPA |url=https://centreforaviation.com/data/profiles/newairports/xiamen-xiangan-airport |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=centreforaviation.com}}</ref>

There are also coach bus services connecting Xiamen with [[Hong Kong International Airport]] (HKIA).<ref>"[https://www.hongkongairport.com/en/transport/mainland-connection/mainland-coaches/index.page Mainland Coaches] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508154704/https://www.hongkongairport.com/en/transport/mainland-connection/mainland-coaches/index.page |date=8 May 2018 }}." [[Hong Kong International Airport]]. Retrieved 8 May 2018. "Services are available at the Coach Station of Terminal 2 for travel to destinations such as [...] Xiamen via different cross-boundary land control points."</ref> Australasia's mass-transit provider [[SkyBus (airport bus)|SkyBus]] is deepening its ties in Asia by partnering with [[XiamenAir|Xiamen Airlines]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skybus.com.au/announcements/skybus-team-up-with-xiamenair-to-expand-reach-further-into-china|title=SkyBus team up with XiamenAir to expand reach further into China|last=SkyBus|website=SkyBus|access-date=24 July 2019|archive-date=24 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724095049/https://www.skybus.com.au/announcements/skybus-team-up-with-xiamenair-to-expand-reach-further-into-china|url-status=live}}</ref>

Xiamen began offering 144-hour visa-free transit services to foreign travelers from 53 countries on 1 January 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://readpaper.chinadaily.com.cn/EpaperStation/chinadaily/cndy/2019-01/02/content_37421479.htm|title=Five more cities offer 144-hour visa-free transit|work=China Daily}}</ref>

===Sea===
====Ferries====
Xiamen has passenger ferry services to cities along the coast of China as well as the neighbouring island of [[Kinmen]] (Quemoy) to the east, which is administered by the [[Republic of China on Taiwan]]. These ferries are all served from the [[Wutong Ferry Terminal]] to [[Shuitou Pier]], Kinmen on the north-east side of the Xiamen Island (quite distant from downtown Xiamen), ferries to Kinmen take 60 minutes. There are facilities in both directions allowing for quick transfers between [[Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport|Xiamen Gaoqi Airport]] (for Mainland destinations) and [[Kinmen Airport]] (for Taiwanese destinations), which are very popular especially among large tour groups.

While the [[Heping Wharf Ferry Terminal]] on the south-west side of Xiamen Island offers short 5-minute boat rides to the island of [[Gulangyu Island|Gulangyu]], this ferry is only accessible by Xiamen residents. Tourists and non-locals must now take a longer 20-minute ferry ride from the main International Ferry Terminal, also called the [[Dongdu International Terminal]], on the south-west side of Xiamen Island, as of 20 October 2014 with a fare increase from 8RMB to 35RMB. The purpose was to reduce the number of tourists accessing the island in an effort to conserve it. This terminal used to have ferries, taking 90 minutes, to Kinmen Island but were ceased in 2014.

====Port====
{{Main|Port of Xiamen}}
[[File:Port of Xiamen - headquarters - DSCF9290.JPG|thumb|The headquarters of the [[Xiamen Port]] administration.]]
The historic port of Xiamen in Yundang Bay on the southwest side of [[Xiamen Island]] has been converted into a lake by [[land reclamation]] projects.

The present-day [[Port of Xiamen]] lies on the northwestern shore of Xiamen Island, opposite its airport, and at eleven other sites around [[Xiamen Bay]] and along the [[Jiulong River|Jiulong]] estuary, including the neighboring jurisdiction of [[Zhangzhou]]. The port facilities are interconnected by ship, road, and rail. The port has been one of the busiest in China since the early 1980s<ref name="China Briefing Business Guide: Emerging Hotspots">{{cite web|title=China Briefing Business Reports |url=http://shopping.china-briefing.com/index_eproduct_view.php?products_id=21 |publisher=Asia Briefing |year=2009 |access-date=8 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218223602/http://shopping.china-briefing.com/index_eproduct_view.php?products_id=21 |archive-date=18 February 2009 }}</ref> and is serviced by all of the 20 largest shipping lines in the world. In 2021, Xiamen ranked among the [[List of world's busiest container ports|top 13 ports in the world]] for container freight.

The natural coastline in the port area is {{convert|64.5|km|sp=us|0}} while the water is over {{convert|12|m|sp=us|0}} in depth. There are 81 berths, including 16 deep-water berths, of which 6 operate containers of over 10,000 tonnes. Among other cargoes handled, Xiamen is the world's largest supply base for raw [[tungsten]] materials<ref name="China Expat Xiamen City">{{cite web  |title=China Expat city Guide Xiamen  |url=http://www.chinaexpat.com/article/2007/03/15/travel/chinas-50-best-websites-after-china-expat-course.html  |publisher=China Expat  |year=2008  |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124030851/http://chinaexpat.com/article/2007/03/15/travel/chinas-50-best-websites-after-china-expat-course.html  |archive-date=24 January 2009 |url-status=live    }}</ref> and [[sunglasses]], exporting 120 million pairs each year.<ref name="China Expat Xiamen City"/>

Xiamen is also an important base in Fujian province for [[Shipbuilding|making]] medium-sized and large container vessels and yachts.<ref name="China Expat Xiamen City"/>

==Tourism==
{{tone|section|date=October 2012}}
Xiamen and its surrounding countryside is known for its scenery and tree-lined beaches.{{Citation needed|date=November 2011}} The Xiamen's Botanical Garden is a showcase of this. The Buddhist [[Nanputuo Temple]], dating back to the Tang dynasty, is a national treasure. Xiamen is also well known as a continuing frontline in the [[Chinese Civil War]], with the nearby [[Kinmen]] Islands (Quemoy), [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan).The [[Water Garden Expo Park]] has a total area of about {{convert|6.76|km2|abbr=on}}, with a land area of {{convert|3.03|km2|abbr=on|disp=or}} consisting of five exhibition park islands, four ecological landscapes, islands, and two peninsulas, including the main pavilion, Chinese Education Park, Marine Culture Island, Spa Island, and other functional areas and related facilities.

=== Tourist attractions ===
{{how-to|section|date=September 2019}}
[[File:Xiamen 20140828.JPG|thumb|[[Gulangyu]] in the foreground]]

==== Gulangyu Island ====
[[Gulangyu Island|Gulangyu]], a former [[treaty port]] enclave, has views of the city and many Victorian-style buildings.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} The ticket price to the Gulangyu scenic spot is 50 yuan/person (including ferry costs and Haoyue Park ticket). There are small shops everywhere in Gulangyu where you can buy local products such as crafts, calligraphy, beads, carved lacquer, painted sculptures, ceramics and so on. It also leads the way in shopping streets full of restaurants and has numerous dishes apart from seafood.

It was included on the UNESCO World Heritage list in July 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2017-07/09/c_1121287210.htm|script-title=zh:详讯：中国福建省鼓浪屿正式列入世界遗产名录-新华网|work=[[Xinhua]]|access-date=30 September 2019|archive-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930094948/http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2017-07/09/c_1121287210.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>[[File:Gulangyu store.jpg|thumb|A local store on Gulangyu]]

==== Sunlight rock ====
Sunlight Rock ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=日光岩}}), nicknamed as Huang Rock, lies on the top of Longtou Mountain in south-central Gulangyu Island. Two rocks, leaning against each other, are the highest on the island which stand at 92.7 meters above sea level.

There is a saying that goes "if you haven't ascended Sunlight Rock, you haven't really been to Xiamen".

==== Kulangsu Historic International Settlement ====
<!--({{zh|labels=no|s=鼓浪屿万国建筑}})-->
[[File:Xiamen gold decorated lacquer plate.JPG|thumb|Xiamen local handicraft, gold plated lacquer ware]]Kulangsu is an example of the cultural fusion that emerged from international exchanges, which remain legible in its urban fabric.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} Buildings here have a mixture of different architectural styles including Traditional Southern Fujian Style, Western Classical Revival Style and Veranda Colonial Style. An example of the fusion of various stylistic influences is a new architectural movement, the Amoy Deco Style, a synthesis of the Modernist style of the early 20th century and Art Deco.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

==== Yundang Lake ====
Yundang Lake ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=筼筜湖}}) is originally called Yundang Harbor, which was named after a bamboo's name that have grown in forests there.

The lake, standing at the center of the new and old urban areas of Xiamen, boasts night views,{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} which has Bailuzhou in the center of the lake, the People's Hall at the back of the lake, a large number of high buildings and footpaths along the lake banks, and illuminated bridges.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

==== Hulishan Fortress ====
The Hulishan Fortress ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=胡里山炮台}}) is a concrete defensive outpost on the south side of Xiamen, just across the water from the historically contentious Kinmen Islands.

The highlight for present-day visitors is the [[28 cm MRK L/40|enormous cannon]] that still remains (there were originally two; one for east and west defense). Built by the German munitions company Krupp, the two 14&nbsp;m (46&nbsp;ft) cannons, when viewed in tandem with the dozens of other, smaller artillery.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

The Hulishan Fortress is located on the southern coast of Xiamen, just south of Xiamen University.

==== Zengcuoan ====
Located at Huandao Rd, Zengcuoan ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=曾厝垵}}) used to be a small fishing village near the sea. People who live by the water made their livings on the water. Gradually, many ancient houses with red bricks were established one after another and small alleys came into being.

Nowadays, Zengcuoan has become the gathering place of literature and art. With its unique geographical advantage and artistic characteristic, Zengcuoan attracts many innovative artists to live here.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}{{tone inline|date=September 2019}} They operate shops here, which turns this small fishing village to be a cultural and recreational park.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

==== Shapowei ====
Hidden in the downtown, with docks and low houses, Shapowei ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=沙坡尾}}) entails the scene of the old Xiamen.{{tone inline|date=September 2019}} The stone road baptized by the time and the rusty wharf both witness the growth of several generations of Xiamen people.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

The flavor of old Xiamen has become the reason why young people with artistic talents like to go to Shapowei.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}{{tone inline|date=September 2019}} In the past, there were many small and medium-sized wharfs, but now it is a destination for food and shopping.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

==== Aotou village ====
Aotou Village ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=澳头村}}), located in the Xindian town in Xiang'an district, is near the sea and mountain. It is opposite to Kinmen Island and Xiamen Island across the sea. It is not only a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in South Fujian, but also a harbor and fishing village.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

==== Arcade Building ====
Just like the broad quadrangle courtyard in Beijing, and the Shikumen with Chinese and western features in Shanghai, the arcade building ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=骑楼}}) is the symbol of Xiamen's traditional culture.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

The popularity of arcade buildings is due to the boom of "going overseas" at the beginning of the 20th century. Many overseas Chinese who made a great fortune in foreign countries came back home with new business ideas as well as foreign architectural ideas.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

Within the arcade building, the upstairs has rooms where people live while the downstairs has corridors which are used as shops.

The arcade buildings along Lujiang Ave, which are on the opposite of Gulangyu Island, enjoy a history of more than 100 years.

==== Xiamen Horticulture Expo Garden ====
The Xiamen Horticulture Expo Garden ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=园林博览苑}}) is located in Xinglin Bay in Jimei district, Xiamen, Fujian province.

The park covers a total area of about 10 square kilometers, with land and water landscapes accounting for half of the total area.

As the venue for the sixth China International Garden and Flower Exposition, the park enjoys a natural and environmentally-friendly layout.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} It consists of nine islands and various gardens with different styles.

It serves as a venue for horticultural exhibitions, tourism, recreational activities, and educational activities for the public.

==== Chengyi Discovery Center ====
Themed on aerospace, navigation, natural disasters and information communication, Chengyi Discovery Center ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=诚毅科探中心}}) has seven exhibition areas, including dream seeking, space exploration, aeronautical laboratory, and navigation laboratory.

The center has five initiative key exhibition projects in China, including two special cinemas of X-Flight space exploration and pleasant trip, Tiangong-1, a huge slide, and light show. Besides, theme restaurants, coffee bar and shopping mall are available here. All these elements make the center China's first indoor large-scale science themed park.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

=== Museums ===

==== Xiamen Museum ====
Founded in 1983, Xiamen Museum ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=厦门博物馆}}) was located in [[Gulangyu]] Island, the most renowned scenic spot in the city,{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} and was relocated to the Xiamen Culture and Arts Center in Siming district in 2007.

Covering 25,300 square meters, the new museum is six times larger than the original, and displays 30,000 pieces of cultural relics, mostly featuring porcelain, paintings, calligraphy works, jades, and stone carvings.

==== Tan Kah Kee Memorial Museum ====
Tan Kah Kee Memorial ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=陈嘉庚纪念馆}}) Museum is a museum to memorialize social and historic celebrities. Its building inherits unique southern Fujian features, which integrate with Jimei Aoyuan Park and Kah Kee Park, forming a tourist destination.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

As holder of the cultural memorials of [[Tan Kah Kee]] (a well-known patriotic overseas Chinese leader), the museum is also an important patriotic education base in Xiamen.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

==== Overseas Chinese Museum ====
Founded by [[Tan Kah Kee]], an entrepreneur whose ancestral home is in Xiamen, the Overseas Chinese Museum ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=华侨博物院}}) shows the history of Chinese people living outside their home country, integrating collections of cultural relics, exhibitions and academic research.

By March 2017, the museum was displaying more than 1,200 photos, 2,000 cultural relics and 1,000 specimens of rare birds, animals and marine creatures.

==== Gulangyu Piano Museum ====
Gulangyu Island, listed as a [[World Heritage Site|world cultural heritage site]] in 2017, is also dubbed the Island of Pianos because more than 100 musical families once lived in the 1.87-square kilometer area.

The Piano Museum ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=鼓浪屿钢琴博物馆}}) exhibits more than 40 old pianos donated by the pianist Hu Youyi, including a gilded piano, a piano with four corners, the earliest one in the world, and a mechanical piano operated by pumping pedals.

==== Xiamen Olympic Museum ====
Xiamen Olympic Museum ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=厦门奥林匹克博物馆}}) is the first Olympic-themed museum in China approved by the [[International Olympic Committee]] and [[Chinese Olympic Committee]]. It houses a collection of Olympic-related relics.

==== Oriental Fish Bone Gallery ====
The Oriental Fish Bone Gallery ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=东方鱼骨博物馆}}) in Xiamen, Fujian province was founded by Chinese artist Lin Hanbing in April 2006 and is the first of its kind anywhere in the world.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

Lin creates artworks by arranging raw materials, commonly [[food waste]] such as fish bones, fins, scales, eyes, shrimp antennae and crab shells, through 12 processing steps including separating bones and meat, washing, removing the fishy flavor, whitening, applying mildew proof, and dehydrating.

The raw materials, due to their various shapes and colors, are arranged by Lin into realistic paintings like flowers, birds and beasts, as well as abstract artworks imbued with a deeper meaning.

In recent years,{{when|date=September 2019}} Lin has changed his style from original landscape paintings to artwork that reflects environmental problems, including air, river, and sea pollution.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://xiamen.chinadaily.com.cn/2019-07/26/c_391021.htm |title=Oriental Fish Bone Gallery |date=July 26, 2019 |website=chinadaily.com.cn |access-date=26 February 2020 |archive-date=26 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226065614/http://xiamen.chinadaily.com.cn/2019-07/26/c_391021.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Museum of 'incessant' Xiamen memories ====
The museum ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=不辍旧物馆}}) at No 122 Minzu Rd in Xiamen, Fujian province, is home to a variety of old gadgets that hold the memories of the coastal city. Chen Zhaowei, the 48-year-old native Xiamen curator, said the museum is inspired by and named for ''[[Analects|The Analects of Confucius]]'' and means 'incessant' in Chinese.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zt.xmnn.cn/b/amoy/101/|script-title=zh:厦门网直播《厦门人的一天》："时光摆渡人"|website=zt.xmnn.cn|access-date=5 September 2019|archive-date=5 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905224606/http://zt.xmnn.cn/b/amoy/101/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Culture==
Xiamen is known for its music, puppet shows, Gezai Opera, and temple celebration events.

=== Folk customs ===
==== Gongfu tea ====
Xiamen is one of the origins of [[Gongfu tea ceremony|gongfu (kung fu) tea ceremony]] with a profound tea culture. The essence of Xiamen tea culture is tea ceremony, which involves five elements: tea leaves, water, tea set, fire and environment. Xiamen people mostly drink [[Oolong]] tea and especially love Anxi [[Tieguanyin]], which is known as the highest grade of tea.

Xiamen people usually start their day by making a cup of kungfu tea.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

==== Jianggu ====
Jianggu ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=讲古场}}) is a kind of storytelling in Minnan (southern Fujian province) dialect and can be seen in Minnan, Taiwan and Chinese inhabited areas in Southeast Asia.

The performer usually tells stories with vivid and funny slang, proverbs or doggerel, using a dramatic tone, strong facial expressions and body language to attract the audience. It is a popular traditional Chinese folk entertainment performance.

==== Mid-Autumn mooncake gambling ====
{{Main|Bo Bing (game)}}
Mid-Autumn mooncake gambling ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=中秋博饼}}), betting on moon cakes, is a folk game played around the Mid-Autumn Festival. It originated in Xiamen and then traveled to the neighboring Zhangzhou, Quanzhou and Kinmen (Quemoy).

It is a game played with six dice. Just throw the dice into a bowl and the different pips you get stand for different ranks of awards you will win.{{tone inline|date=September 2019}}

The gambling game has six ranks of awards, which were given the names of winners in ancient imperial examinations: ''zhuangyuan'', ''bangyan'', ''tanhua'', ''jinshi'', ''juren'' and ''xiucai''.These are also known as "One Show", "Two Lifts", and "Three Reds".

==== Sending off the Wang Boat ====
The celebration called "''Song Wang Chuan''" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=送王船}}) is a very important and longstanding traditional festival held in coastal villages in Fujian province, Taiwan and oversea Minnan communities to avert calamities and pray for divine blessings.

Also known as "''Shao Wang Chuan''" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=烧王船}}) or "''Ji Wang Chuan''" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=祭王船}}), this festival originated from a religious tradition that ancient voyagers released little boats or decorated ships to send off calamities or plague while invoking for the blessings of various [[Wang Ye worship|Wang Ye]] like Zheng Chenggong, an admiral of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and the Taoist ritual "Hai Jiao". During the celebration, the local community would also incorporate a variety of folk performances into the traditional religious festival.

The custom was spread to Taiwan and oversea Minnan communities through boats traveling there, migration and religious exchange activities. It demonstrates the Minnan (southern Fujian) people's respect for the ocean, life, peace and justice, as well as their sympathy for vulnerable groups.

===Cuisine===
{{Main|Fujian cuisine}}
[[File:Sa-te-mī in Tongzhou (20160908152534).jpg|thumb|Satay noodles]]
As with much of southern China, the staple foods of Xiamen have long been rice, [[Chinese fishing industry|seafood]], pork, [[sweet potato]]es, various [[Chinese pickles|pickled vegetables]], and [[bok choy]].<ref name=nom>{{harvp|Pitcher|1893|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 38]}}.</ref> Its traditional dishes form a branch of southern [[Fujianese cuisine]], with [[Taiwanese cuisine|Taiwanese]] influence. It is particularly well known within China for its [[xiaochi|street food]] and snacks. A local specialty is worm jelly {{nowrap|(<small>[[traditional characters|t]]</small> {{lang|zh|土笋凍}},}} {{nowrap|<small>[[simplified characters|s]]</small> {{lang|zh|土笋冻}},}} ''tǔsǔndòng''), a [[aspic|gelatin]] made from [[Sipunculus nudus|a kind of marine peanut worm]].

*Satay (shacha) noodles ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=沙茶面}}) are a street food using the spicy flavor of [[satay]], and are sold inexpensively.
*Oyster omelets ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=海蛎煎}}): Local residents are known to accompany this dish with porridge. Blend fresh oysters, sweet potato, starch and egg, then add a tablespoon of soy sauce and fry them in a pan with shallow oil until the oysters turn crispy.
*Misua paste ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=面线糊}}): The main ingredients used for making misua paste are misua, coagulated pig blood, onion oil and seafood. All of the required ingredients are boiled together into a misua paste, which includes a tender glutinous misua noodle and a smooth taste.
*Steamed taro buns ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=芋包}}): For the older generations in Xiamen, steamed Taro Buns are an essential part of Spring Festival, similar to turkey on Thanksgiving Day. Local residents usually eat it with sweet chili sauce or barbeque sauce.
*Tong'an wrapped pork ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=同安封肉}}): This dish is a local cuisine with typical Xiamen flavor, involving braised pork and condiments such as black mushroom, lotus seeds, shrimps, dried oyster.
*Ginger duck ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=姜母鸭}}): Local ducks and aged gingers are the main ingredients. Instead of being cooked over fire, the spiced duck can also be braised in sand, which is good for maintaining temperature.

===Music===
Musicians who hail from Xiamen and [[Gulangyu]] Island include [[Ivy Ling Po|Huang Yujun]], [[Yin Chengzong]], [[Yang Jing (violinist)|Jing Yang]], and Xu Feiping. It has a major symphony orchestra, the [[Xiamen Philharmonic Orchestra]]. Every May there's an international music festival, and piano competitions and music festivals are also frequently held. On [[Gulangyu]], on Huangyan Road on the way to Sunlight Rock is the Gulangyu Concert Hall, where classical concerts are regularly held on weekends. And Xiamen has a strong music atmosphere, especially Gulangyu Island (such as Gulangyu Piano Museum, Organ Museum, etc.). Almost every family in Xiamen has a piano or electronic keyboard, although they may not know music or use it. There are many piano competitions in Xiamen. Every summer, many domestic and foreign contestants often come to Xiamen to participate in the competition. ('''Xiamen International Piano Competition''':<ref>{{cite web | url=https://zhuanti.ccom.edu.cn/xipc/ | title=厦门国际钢琴比赛专题网站 }}</ref> an international piano competition co-organized by the Central Conservatory of Music and the Xiamen Municipal People's Government. The competition inherits the tradition of the world-renowned China International Piano Competition and aims to discover and cultivate outstanding talents in the field of piano, promote international music exchanges, and enhance Xiamen's cultural influence.)

=== Opera ===
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2024}}

==== Nanyin ====
[[Nanguan music|Nanyin]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=南音}}), dubbed "a living fossil of music", is one of the four oldest forms of Chinese music preserved in its original state. Also called ''nanqu'', ''xianguan'', ''nanguan'' or ''nanyue'', it developed from the imperial music of the Tang (618–907) and the Five Dynasties Period (906–960) and continues among people in Fujian's Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, as well as Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Southeast Asian regions.

Nanyin Opera consists of three parts: ''zhitao'', ''dapu'' and ''sanqu''. It can be performed in two forms: ''tanchang'' (singing while playing a musical instrument) and ''qingchang'' (singing without playing a musical instrument).

It also preserves the ancient tradition of lineups for performances in the Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 220).

Various folk music instruments are used in nanyin, including ''[[pipa]]'', ''dongxiao'', ''erxian'', ''sanxian'', ''pin''(''qudi''), ''nan'ai'', ''paiban'', ''xiangzhan'', ''sibao'', ''goujiao'', ''muyu'' and ''shuangling''.

==== Gaojia Opera ====
Gaojia Opera ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=高甲戏}}; or Gejia Opera, Daban) is a traditional folk art in Minnan in southern Fujian province. It is also popular in Taiwan and the Chinese expatriate communities living in Southeast Asia.

It grew out of ''Songjiang zhen'', a folk cultural performance that emerged in the late Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and early Qing dynasty (1644–1911), developed into Hexing drama, an art form that combined literature and martial arts in the middle Qing dynasty, then absorbed the elements of various opera styles and turned in to Gaojia Opera in late Qing dynasty.

It can be classified into three categories: court drama (''daqi'' drama), shengdan opera (also xiufang opera) and choudan (comic role) opera, according to the repertoire.

Its ''qupai'' (the names of the tunes) belongs to ''nanyin'', an ancient music style from East China's Fujian province. Performers sing in their native voice with a strong and high vocal tone. The role of the puppet clown, which is rare in other operas, requires good dancing skills and is very funny and interesting.

==== Gezai opera ====
[[Taiwanese opera|Gezai Opera]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=歌仔戏}}) is the only traditional Chinese opera that became established in Minnan, in southern Fujian province, and arose from Taiwan.

It is based on Minnan ''gezai'' (ballads) and absorbs elements from Liyuan Opera, Beiguan Opera, Gaojia Opera, Peking Opera and Minju Opera.

The art form emerged in Taiwan at the beginning of last century, then spread to Minnan and then to Southeast Asia through Chinese people and foreign citizens of Chinese origin.

Gezai Opera uses a free metrical pattern, various tunes but few lyrics. There are more than 100 traditional tunes. ''Zasui'' tunes and seven-character tunes are the two main arias in Gezai Opera.

Performers in all roles sing in their real voices. Among them, ''kudan'' (woman's role) is the most distinctive style of singing. Shao Jianghai and other folk artists in Minnan created the ''zasui'' tune and promoted this traditional art.

==== Dazuigu ====
Dazuigu ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=答嘴鼓}}) is a folk comic talk and singing art popular performed in the Minnan dialect in southern Fujian province, similar to cross-talk in North China. It adopts strictly rhyming dialogue with strong linguistic rhythms, and is popular in Minnan, Taiwan and Southeast Asia.

With the help of the Minnan dialect's unique rhyme structure, the art boasts a unique rhythmic style. It uses vivid and humorous slang and proverbs in the dialect, focuses on storyline and characters, and is full of jokes.

==== Chest-clapping dance ====
The chest-clapping dance ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=拍胸舞}}) is a traditional folk dance in South Fujian which has been handed down since the [[Song dynasty]]. Shirtless and barefoot men squat and successively beat their chests, flanks, legs and palms with hands, shaking their heads happily. The rhythm and range of steps vary with the change of dancing environment and emotion. With a strong emotion, they will stamp feet repeatedly, clap chest, rib, and the whole body very red with hands; while in a comfortable mood, they will lift chests, turn over palms and twist waists as well as hips, soft and happy, which creates a kind of lively and humorous atmosphere.

The dance emphasizes the rhythm of clapping the body. On the one hand, it reflects the characteristics of the dance itself. On the other hand, it is used to coordinate group movements and create a dancing atmosphere, well preserving the rugged and simple dance style of ancient local residents.

In 2006, the chest-clapping dance was included in the first National Intangible Cultural Heritage List under the approval of the State Council.

===Art===
[[File:Wushipu.jpg|thumb|Wushipu Oil Painting Village, Xiamen]]
Xiamen Wushipu oil painting village has been named as "the second of the world oil painting industry base" and the second batch of national cultural (art) industry base" by the China artist association and the culture property department of Culture Ministry.{{citation needed|date=November 2011}}

Xiamen has strong industry advantage in hand-done oil painting, which has two main manufacturing bases here, Xiamen Wushipu Oil Painting Village and Xiamen Haicang Oil Painting Village. 80% market shares in European and American market is taken up by products exported from Xiamen. As the main manufacturing base of hand painted oil painting in China, Xiamen Wushipu Oil Painting Village has more than 5,000 artists. It has the ability to produce all kinds of oil paintings with different specifications and styles. With the support of Xiamen Municipal Government, it has formed a powerful industrial chain, provided related accessories such as frames, brushes and paint colors and formed stable target customers composed by hotels, villas, high-class departments, galleries and so on. As another mail manufacturing base of oil painting, Xiamen Haicang Oil Painting Village has more than 3,000 painters. The scale of Xiamen Haicang Oil Painting Village has developed rapidly in recent years, which is from originally 28 enterprises to more than 250 enterprises at the moment. The combination of manufacturing, sales and distribution makes it become industrial base of commercial oil painting.{{Citation needed|date=November 2011}}

==== Lacquer thread sculpture ====
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2024}}
Lacquer thread sculpture ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=漆线雕}}) is a traditional artware in East China which uses well-tempered lacquer threads to build decorative patterns.

The main material of lacquer thread sculpture is the mixture of lacquer, the special brick powder and boiled tung oil. After beating the mixture and twisting it into a string, the craftsmen coil, entangle, pile, carve and engrave on the sculpture which is then coated with primer.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}

The technique's development depended on flourishing folk religions and the Buddhist sculpture tradition. As a legacy of the color sculpture of the Tang dynasty (618–907), it was inspired by the thread sculpture technology of the Song and Yuan dynasties (960–1368), especially the process of leaching powder and clay thread sculpture.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}

The lacquer thread sculpture technique was formed in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties (1368–1911). It has four major steps: sculpture, foundation coating, lacquer thread decoration and gilding the surface. It focuses on the aesthetic characteristics of the lacquer thread itself, and demonstrates the evolution of the use of line in Chinese arts and crafts.

==== Bead embroidery ====
The bead embroidery ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=珠绣}}) in Xiamen has small pearls, glass beads and jewels embroidered on the cloth, creating the shining glory, colorful decorations, clear layout and a strong sense of art with stereoscopic impression.

The craftsmanship has a history of nearly 100 years. In the 1970s and 1980s, the art reached its peak in popularity and many kinds of bead embroidery products were exported to over 50 countries and regions in Asia, Europe and America. In 2007, the art was included in the Fujian Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage List.

=== Religion ===

==== Nanputuo Temple ====
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2024}}
[[File:Nanputuo Temple, Xiamen, China.JPG|thumb|Nanputuo Temple]]
[[File:Buddhism library.jpg|thumb|Buddhist library, [[Nanputuo Temple]]]]
Like most of the temples in PRC, [[South Putuo Temple|Nanputuo Temple]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=南普陀寺}}) has endured its share of violence and destruction during the disastrous [[cultural revolution]]. The temple's original construction was built more than a millennium ago, then it was destroyed and later rebuilt during the [[Tang dynasty]], the temple was rebuilt and expanded by general [[Shi Lang]] during early [[Qing dynasty]]. The temple was named after the Buddhist sacred site [[Mount Putuo]] of Zhejiang Province, which is considered the abode of [[Guanyin Bodhisattva]]. The first elected abbot of the temple, Master Hui Quan set up [[:zh:闽南佛学院|Minnan Buddhist College]] in 1925. During cultural revolution, the temple was severely damaged and converted into a factory. After the cultural revolution, the status of the temple was finally reinstated and renovated in the 1980s.

The temple consists of four separate halls of worship, monks quarters and some of the finest maintained grounds and landscapes you're likely to find in any Chinese temple.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} Stone carvings, lotus filled ponds and secluded caves are scattered around the grounds. If you're after a bit of good luck, try tossing a coin on the rock behind the main temple, which is said to bring good luck your way. Behind the smoky courtyards, libraries, monk's digs, temples and statues of laughing Buddha Milefo is Wulao Feng, "the peak of five old men", which overlooks the South China Sea, offering a scenic view of Xiamen University campus and the sprawling urban metropolis of Xiamen.

Take a bus or cab to the temple which sits very close to Xiamen University on Siming Nanlu. The temple and the university gates are within 100 meters of each other.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}

==== Brahma Temple ====
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2024}}
Brahma Temple ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=梵天寺}}) is located at the southern foot of Dalun Mountain ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=大轮山}}), which was established in the first year of Kaihuang of the [[Sui dynasty]] (581). Its primitive name is Xingjiao Temple, which is one of the earliest Buddhist temples in Fujian Province. Both of Miaoshi Temple in Xiamen Island and Sunlight Rock Temple in Gulangyu Island are the branch temples.

Even though Brahma Temple has experienced many vicissitudes of life, it cultivated many eminent monks, attracted refined scholars, gathered unceasing burning incense and enjoyed a widespread reputation. The distinguished Master [[Hong Yi]], Master [[Hong Choon]] and the Master [[Yin Shun]] who is the charismatic figure of Humanistic Buddhism in Taiwan has once stayed in the temple. There is a Brahman pagoda of the Song dynasty in the temple, which has been included in the first group of cultural relics in Fujian province.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}

==== Belief in Life Protection Emperor ====
Life Protection Emperor ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=保生大帝信仰文化}}), commonly referred to as "[[Baosheng Dadi]]" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=保生大帝}}) or "Dadaogong" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=大道公}}), "Wuzhenren" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=吴真人}}) or "Huajiaogong" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=花桥公}}), is the Medicinal Deity popularly worshiped by people across Southern Fujian and the Chaozhou-Jieyang-Shantou region (Teochew speaking region in Guangdong province). There are temples dedicated to the deity across the Southern China, Taiwan and Southeast Asia. Among them, the Qingjiao Tzu Chi Temple and Baijiao Tzu Chi Temple are recognized as the ancestral temples of Life Protection Emperor.

Wu Tao or Wu Ben<ref>{{Cite journal|trans-title = Folk memory of Baosheng Dadi|last = Li|first = C|date = 2011|journal = Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi |pmid=22169495|volume=41| issue=4 |pages=249–51|doi=10.3760/cma.j.issn.0255-7053.2011.04.013|title=保生大帝吴夲生平及民间纪念考略}}</ref> ({{lang|zh|吳本}}) was born in the village of Bailiao near Xiamen in Fujian Province, during the [[Song dynasty]] in the year 979.<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Encyclopedia of Taoism|last = Pregadio|first = Fabrizio|publisher = Routledge|year = 2013|isbn = 9781135796341|pages = 218}}</ref> He was a skilled doctor and Taoist practitioner who was credited with performing medical miracles, including applying eye drops to a dragon's eye and removing a foreign object from a tiger's throat.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.baoan.org.tw/english/biographies_01.html|title = Baosheng Emperor|access-date = 2014-06-17|website = Dalongdong Baoan Temple|archive-date = 2014-03-07|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140307044603/http://www.baoan.org.tw/ENGLISH/biographies_01.html|url-status = dead}}</ref> After his death in 1036, he began to be worshiped as a [[Shen (Chinese religion)|deity]]. His deified status was officially recognized by the [[Hongxi Emperor]] of the Ming dynasty who conferred on him the title of "Imperial Inspector at Heavenly Gate, Miracle Doctor of Compassion Relief, [[Xian (Taoism)|Great Taoist Immortal]], and the Long-lived, Unbounded, Life Protection Emperor".

==== Belief in Lord Chi ====
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2024}}
Lord Chi ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=池王信仰文化}}), or Chi Ran, is an imperial official of [[Nanjing]] origin. He is very upright in disciplining himself and fulfilling his official responsibilities. It is said that in the era of [[Emperor Wanli]] of the Ming dynasty, Chi was appointed by the imperial court to be magistrate of Zhangzhou, Fujian province. He met two envoys when he passed Small Yingling Mountain, which is in present Xiang'an district. After having a good conversation with them, he knew that they were under the celestial imperial order from the [[Jade Emperor]] (the Supreme Lord of Heaven) and were instructed to spread plague among the population in Zhangzhou. Chi tried to get the poison from them and swallowed the poison immediately to prevent the plague. When he arrived at Maxiang, he was badly poisoned and his face turned black, then he died under a big banyan tree. Jade Emperor was touched by Chi's bravery and selfless sacrifice, and his love for the people as his children, so Chi was deified and titled "the Celestial Imperial Inspector representing the Heaven" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=代天巡狩}}), and was promoted as [[Wang Ye worship|Wang Ye or Sacred Duke]].

After [[Koxinga]] took over Taiwan, the belief in Lord Chi has been transmitted to Taiwan and Southeast Asia. It has a history of over 300 years and Lord Chi has become one of the divinities (Wang Ye) worshipped in Taiwan.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}

==== Belief in Fude Zhengshen ====
Belief in [[Fude Zhengshen]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=福德正神信仰文化}}) is the belief in the God of Earth. In [[Chinese folk religion]], the Earth Deity is also regarded as God of Wealth and Prosperity, because people believe that "land can bestowed wealth" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=有土斯有財}}).

Every year, the second day of the second month and the fifteenth day of eighth month on the [[Chinese calendar|Chinese lunar calendar]] are regarded the birthday of the Earth Deity. Every 16th day of the 12th month of the lunar calendar is the sacrifice day of the "year-end dinner". Folk activities include the ceremony to light the first incense to invite the ruler of heaven, holding the sacrifice ceremony, sending stoves, and offering incenses to Buddha. Among these activities, meeting the deities, dancing performances, and opera performed to show gratitude for gods are all cultural events.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}

===Media===
Xiamen is served by [[Xiamen Media Group]], which broadcasts news and entertainment such as movies and television series by AM/FM radio, close circuit television, and satellite television. Media in Xiamen were temporarily blocked by the Government in June 2007 when about 10,000 people participated in protests against the building of a [[P-Xylene|paraxylene]] factory by Tenglong Aromatic PX (Xiamen) Co. Ltd., which is owned by Taiwanese businessman Chen Yu-hao.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/27/AR2007062702962.html|title=Text Messages Giving Voice to Chinese|first=Edward|last=Cody|date=28 June 2007|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701000245/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/27/AR2007062702962.html|archive-date=1 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The incident, however, was solved smoothly later that year.

==Colleges and universities==
[[File:Xmu campus view.JPG|right|thumb|240px|A view of the [[Xiamen University]] campus]]
[[File:XiamenUniversityChina.jpg|right|thumb|240px|A view of the Xiamen University]]
[[File:Xiamen Daxue 20120226-09.jpg|thumb|240px|Jiannan Auditorium at Xiamen University]]Xiamen is one of the top 40 cities in the world by scientific research as tracked by the [[Nature Index]].<ref name=":0" />

===Public universities===
The first two universities below were founded by [[Tan Kah Kee]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edu.xm.gov.cn/jyzc/gdyxml/201809/t20180914_2115562.htm|script-title=zh:在厦部、省、市属高等院校名录-高等院校名录-厦门教育局|website=edu.xm.gov.cn|access-date=28 June 2019|archive-date=11 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611013754/http://edu.xm.gov.cn/jyzc/gdyxml/201809/t20180914_2115562.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Xiamen University]] ({{lang|zh-hans|厦门大学}}) (founded 1921, [[Project 985]], [[Project 211]], powered by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China): The school has cooperated with over 300 overseas universities and made substantive exchanges with 47 foreign universities that rank among the top 200 in the world. The university vigorously promotes the campaign of teaching Chinese as a foreign language worldwide by co-establishing 15 Confucius Institutes with universities in North America, Europe, and Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.xmu.edu.cn/11100/list.htm|title=Overview|website=en.xmu.edu.cn|access-date=5 July 2019|archive-date=5 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705074330/https://en.xmu.edu.cn/11100/list.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Jimei University]] ({{lang|zh-hans|集美大学}})(powered by the Fujian Provincial Department of Education): The university enrolls students from all over the country as well as from overseas; about 600 overseas students are now studying at Jimei.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.jmu.edu.cn/About_JMU1/About_JMU.htm|script-title=zh:About JMU-集美大学英文站|website=english.jmu.edu.cn|access-date=5 July 2019|archive-date=5 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705074331/http://english.jmu.edu.cn/About_JMU1/About_JMU.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Jimei University Chengyi College]] ({{lang|zh-hans|集美大学诚毅学院}})(independent college)
* [[Huaqiao University]] ({{lang|zh-hans|华侨大学}}): 4,627 international students from over 50 countries and regions including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are now studying at Huaqiao University. The school is one of the top destinations for overseas students in China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.hqu.edu.cn/info/1011/1055.htm|title=Overview of HQU-HUAQIAO UNIVERSITY|website=en.hqu.edu.cn|access-date=5 July 2019|archive-date=5 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705074334/http://en.hqu.edu.cn/info/1011/1055.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Chinese Language and Culture College]] of [[Huaqiao University]] ({{lang|zh-hans|华侨大学华文学院}})(secondary school of Huaqiao University)
*[[Xiamen University of Technology]] ({{lang|zh-hans|厦门理工学院}}): Attracting international students from more than 10 countries to study.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.xmut.edu.cn/About_XMUT/Overview_of_the_University/|title=Xiamen University Of Technology|website=english.xmut.edu.cn|access-date=5 July 2019|archive-date=5 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705074331/http://english.xmut.edu.cn/About_XMUT/Overview_of_the_University/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Xiamen Medical College]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门医学院}}): The college has established friendly cooperation ties with National Taiwan Ocean University, National Yang-Ming University, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Fooyin University, China University of Science and Technology, Central Taiwan University of Sciences and Technology, South Korea's Catholic University of Deagu, Gimcheon College, Daejeon University, Daegu Haany University, and Germany's Cologne University of Applied Sciences. They have conducted international cooperation in running joint schools and research programs while encouraging exchange visits of scholars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.xmmc.edu.cn/xxgk/xxjj.htm|script-title=zh:学校简介-厦门医学院-XIAMEN MEDICAL COLLEGE|website=xmmc.edu.cn|access-date=5 July 2019|archive-date=5 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705074330/https://www.xmmc.edu.cn/xxgk/xxjj.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Xiamen Academy of Arts and Design]], [[Fuzhou University]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|福州大学厦门工艺美术学院}}) (secondary school of Fuzhou University)

===Private universities===
*[[Xiamen Huaxia University]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门华夏学院}}): The school has signed agreements with universities and colleges from the United States and Taiwan, including the University of Arkansas-Little Rock, National Taichung University of Science and Technology and Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology. They exchange teachers and students, with over 200 students having been sent to Taiwan and the US on exchange studies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.hxxy.edu.cn/|title=Xiamen Huaxia University|language=zh-CN|access-date=5 July 2019|archive-date=5 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705074330/http://en.hxxy.edu.cn/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Xiamen Institute of Technology]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门工学院}}): The school upholds a constantly upgraded international vision of talent training and has carried out various forms of cooperation and exchanges with 16 universities in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Taiwan and other countries and regions. A cooperation system has been developed to encourage students to learn at other schools for a certain time in the context that credits are accepted by both schools. There is another program that offers double degrees and continuous undergraduate and graduate study.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xit.edu.cn/about/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=23|script-title=zh:厦门工学院-学院概况|website=xit.edu.cn|access-date=5 July 2019|archive-date=26 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726091026/http://www.xit.edu.cn/about/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=23|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Public higher vocational schools ===

*[[Xiamen Ocean Vocational College]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门海洋职业技术学院}})
*[[Xiamen City University]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门城市职业学院}}): The school has admitted a total of 193 overseas students from nine countries. It has also set up a subsidiary college, known as the International Vocational Education College, and has cooperated with universities from the US, Canada, Japan and other countries to cultivate professional talent with an international vision and a "craftsman's spirit".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://xmcu.cn/single.aspx?lmid=114|script-title=zh:厦门城市职业学院-欢迎您|website=xmcu.cn|access-date=5 July 2019|archive-date=6 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706102536/http://www.xmcu.cn/single.aspx?lmid=114|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Jimei Industrial College]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|集美工业职业学院}})

===Private higher vocational schools===
*[[Xiamen Huatian International Vocational Institute]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门华天涉外职业技术学院}}): The college has been actively expanding international cooperation, enjoying partnerships with Hosan University and Catholic University in South Korea. The school also reached cooperative intentions with four US universities, including the South Seattle Community College, and the Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand.
*[[The Xiamen Academy For Performing Arts]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门演艺职业学院}}): The school emphasizes cultural and artistic exchanges between Fujian and Taiwan, and built a long-term tie with a Taiwan vocational college in 2010. It also uses the favorable location of Xiamen to invite prestigious artists and arts groups from Taiwan to give lectures and conduct academic exchanges.
*[[Xiamen Xingcai Vocational & Technical College]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门兴才职业技术学院}})
*[[Xiamen Institute of Software Technology]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门软件职业技术学院}}): The school cooperates with top universities such as Deakin University in Australia, Dublin Business School in Ireland, University of Central Lancashire in the United Kingdom and Feng Chia University in Taiwan on academic exchanges and scientific research. 
*[[Xiamen Nanyang University]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门南洋职业学院}}): The school maintains cooperative relationships with colleges and universities from the United States, Canada, Singapore and Taiwan, and is gearing up to enhance mutual exchanges and promote Xiamen to a wider international audience.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ny2000.cn/cn/single/menu_73.htm?menuid=73|script-title=zh:厦门南洋学院简介 --- 厦门南洋学院|website=ny2000.cn|access-date=5 July 2019|archive-date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028114155/http://www.ny2000.cn/cn/single/menu_73.htm?menuid=73|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Xiamen Donghai Institute]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门东海职业技术学院}}): To advance its international exchange and cooperation, the institute set up an international school in December 2017, and built partnerships with South Korea's Daegu University, Sangmyung University, Hosan University and the Wesleyan University in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xmdh.com/channels/4.html|script-title=zh:学校概览 {{!}} 厦门东海职业技术学院|website=www.xmdh.com|access-date=5 July 2019|archive-date=5 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705074330/http://www.xmdh.com/channels/4.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Xiamen Security Science And Technology College]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门安防科技职业学院}}): The college has been dedicated to international education since 2017 with the aim of improving the quality of its education. It gained qualification to recruit overseas students after receiving approval from senior administration. At present, it has recruited a number of overseas students from the United Kingdom, Turkey, India and other countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xmafkj.com/about.aspx?CateID=76&BaseInfoCateID=76|script-title=zh:厦门安防科技职业学院|website=xmafkj.com|access-date=5 July 2019|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406015831/http://xmafkj.com/about.aspx?CateID=76&BaseInfoCateID=76|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Continuing education ===
*[[Xiamen National Accounting Institute]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门国家会计学院}})
*[[Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, PRC]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|自然资源部第三海洋研究所}})
*The Institute of Urban Environment (IUE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) ({{lang|zh-Hans|中国科学院城市环境研究所}})
*Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials ({{lang|zh-Hans|中国科学院-海西研究院 厦门稀土材料研究所}})
*Xiamen Southern Oceanographic Center ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门南方海洋研究中心}})
*Xiamen Institute of Marine Seismology, China Earthquake Administration ({{lang|zh-Hans|中国地震局厦门海洋地震研究所}})
*Xiamen Data Intelligence Academy of ICT (The Institute of Computing Technology), CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) ({{lang|zh-Hans|中国科学院计算技术研究所厦门数据智能研究院}})
*Southern Base, First Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security OF PRC ({{lang|zh-Hans|公安部第一研究所南方技术基地}})
*Xiamen Base, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, CAGS ({{lang|zh-Hans|中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所厦门基地}})

=== Non-degree higher learning institutions ===
Source<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edu.xm.gov.cn/jyzc/gdyxml/201809/t20180914_2115561.htm|script-title=zh:民办非学历高等教育机构-高等院校名录-厦门教育局|website=edu.xm.gov.cn|access-date=28 June 2019|archive-date=11 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611035611/http://edu.xm.gov.cn/jyzc/gdyxml/201809/t20180914_2115561.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Xiamen Far East Training Institute ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门远东专修学院}})
*Xiamen College of Science and Technology ({{lang|zh-Hans|厦门科技专修学院}})

==Military==
Xiamen functions as the headquarters of the [[73rd Army (People's Republic of China)|73rd Group Army]] of the [[People's Liberation Army]], one of the three group armies under then [[Nanjing Military Region]],<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1764427 |title = 军改之后，新调整组建的13个集团军已有7个披露驻地 |author =  |date = 2017-08-16 |publisher = [[The Paper (newspaper)|The Paper]] |language =  |accessdate =  |quote =  |archive-date = 2020-11-05 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201105055514/http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1764427 |url-status = live }}</ref> now the [[Eastern Theater Command]] which is responsible for the defense of the [[East China|eastern China]], including any military action in the Taiwan Strait.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}

==Notable people==
* [[Lucio Tan]], ceo of [[Philippine Airlines]]
* [[Lai Changxing|Lua Chiong Seng]], businessman
* [[Raymond Lam]], [[TVB]] actor and singer who was born in Xiamen
* [[Rosina Lam]], actress who was born in Xiamen 
* [[Yin Chengzong|Un Seng Chong]], or Yin Chengzong, a  pianist and composer born in Xiamen
* [[Henry Sy Sr.]], businessman, founder of SM Group and chairman of SM Prime Holdings
* [[Tan Kah Kee]], businessman, community leader, and philanthropist in colonial Singapore, and a Communist leader in the People's Republic of China.
* [[Lin Qiaozhi]], obstetrician and gynecologist born in [[Gulangyu]], Xiamen
* [[Walter Houser Brattain]], American inventor of the transistor; co-recipient of 1956 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]].
* [[Han Kuo-Huang]], ethnomusicologist and musician born in Xiamen
* [[Lin Yutang]], [[Hoklo people|Hokkien]] [[:Category:20th-century Chinese writers|Republic of China writer]], translator, linguist, philosopher and inventor
* [[Lu Jiaxi (chemist)|Lu Jiaxi]], or Chia-Si Lu, physical chemist born in Xiamen
* [[Robert Lim]], or Lin Kesheng, Lim-Kho-seng, physiologist who taught at [[Xiamen University]]
* [[Chen Duling]], actress
* [[Tong Zhe]], educator and organization founder<ref>{{cite web |title=Theme: Bud in the Mud |url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/23747 |website=ted.com |publisher=TED Conferences, LLC |access-date=27 July 2023 |language=Chinese, English |date=June 4, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Zhong Nanshan]], a Chinese medical scientist and professor born in Xiamen. 2020, Academician [[Zhong Nanshan]] served as the leader of a senior expert group of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China to conduct research and investigation into the [[COVID-19]] disease outbreak in [[wuhan]].

==International relations==
===Consulates===
[[Singapore]], [[Philippines]] and [[Thailand]] maintain consulates in Xiamen.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xm.gov.cn/xmyw/201412/t20141230_1028524.htm |script-title=zh:厦门领事馆区大楼封顶 |publisher=Xiamen People's Government |date=30 December 2014 |language=zh |access-date=17 July 2017 |archive-date=24 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124173416/http://www.xm.gov.cn/xmyw/201412/t20141230_1028524.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Sister cities===
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in China}}
Source<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fao.xm.gov.cn/rtnw/cspyqgk/ycyl/201508/t20150818_1177163.htm |script-title=zh:厦门市23个国际友好城市名录 |publisher=Foreign Affairs Office, Xiamen People's Government |date=20 September 2023 |access-date=20 September 2023 |language=zh |archive-date=8 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108115452/https://fao.xm.gov.cn/rtnw/cspyqgk/ycyl/201508/t20150818_1177163.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* {{flagdeco|Wales}} [[Cardiff]], Wales (1983-3-31)
* {{flagdeco|JPN}} [[Sasebo, Nagasaki]], Japan (1983-10-28)
* {{flagdeco|PHL}} [[Cebu]], Philippines (1984-10-26)
* {{flagdeco|US}} [[Baltimore]], Maryland, US (1985-11-7)
* {{flagdeco|NZL}} [[Wellington]], New Zealand (1987-6-23)
* {{flagdeco|MYS}} [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], Penang, Malaysia (1993-11-10)
* {{flagdeco|AUS}} [[Sunshine Coast, Australia]] (1999-9-28)
* {{flagdeco|LTU}} [[Kaunas]], Lithuania (2001-3-11)
* {{flagdeco|MEX}} [[Guadalajara]], Mexico (2003-8-15)
* {{flagdeco|NLD}} [[Zoetermeer]], Netherlands (2005-7-14)
* {{flagdeco|IDN}} [[Surabaya]], Indonesia (2006-6-23)
* {{flagdeco|ROK}} [[Mokpo]], [[South Jeolla Province|South Jeolla]], South Korea (2007-7-25)
* {{flagdeco|US}} [[Sarasota, Florida]], US (2007-11-9) (Sister City of Siming District)
* {{flagdeco|GRC}} [[Marathon, Greece]] (2009-1-2)
* {{flagdeco|DEU}} [[Trier]], Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany (2010-11-11)
* {{flagdeco|CAN}} [[Richmond, British Columbia]], Canada (2012-4-27)
* {{flagdeco|TJK}} [[Dushanbe]], Tajikistan (2013-6-20)
* {{flagdeco|FRA}} [[Nice]], France (2014-5-22)
* {{flagdeco|THA}} [[Phuket]], Thailand (2017-5-11)
* {{flagdeco|TUR}} [[İzmir]], Turkey (2018-1-18)
* {{flagdeco|ISR}} [[Netanya]], Israel (2022-1-18)
* {{flagdeco|BRA}} [[Fortaleza]], Ceará, Brazil (2023-5-12)
* {{flagdeco|ZAF}} [[Durban]], KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2023-9-19)
* {{flagdeco|SER}} [[Belgrade]], (2025-9-8)<ref>{{Cite web |title=У Кини потписан споразум о братимљењу Београда и Сјанмена |url=https://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/696515/u-kini-potpisan-sporazum-o-bratimljenju-beograda-i-sjanmena |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Politika Online}}</ref>
}}

=== Friendly exchange cities ===
Source<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fao.xm.gov.cn/rtnw/cspyqgk/yhjlcs/201806/t20180621_1887401.htm |script-title=zh:厦门市19个国际友好交流城市名录 |publisher=Foreign Affairs Office, Xiamen People's Government |date=5 Jun 2024 |access-date=5 Jun 2024 |language=zh |archive-date=8 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108115452/https://fao.xm.gov.cn/rtnw/cspyqgk/yhjlcs/201806/t20180621_1887401.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* {{flagdeco|JPN}} [[Ginowan]], Okinawa, Japan (1995-11-20)
* {{flagdeco|ROK}} [[Pyeongtaek]], Gyeonggi Province, South Korea (2002-8-27)
* {{flagdeco|ROK}} [[Gwangyang]], South Jeolla Province, South Korea (2007-11-22)
* {{flagdeco|ESP}} [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]], Spain (2008-7-18)
* {{flagdeco|US}} [[Miami]], Florida, US (2010-11-12)
* {{flagdeco|POL}} [[Stolp in Pommern]], Poland (2011-9-8)
* {{flagdeco|MYS}} [[Negeri Sembilan]], including Kelang, Malaysia (2011-10-18)
* {{flagdeco|CAN}} [[Markham, Ontario|Markham]], Ontario, Canada (2012-7-22)
* {{flagdeco|RUS}} [[Vladivostok]], Primorsky Krai, Russia (2013-4-23)
* {{flagdeco|BRA}} [[Foz do Iguaçu]], Paraná, Brazil (2013-9-11)
* {{flagdeco|EST}} [[Narva]], Ida-Viru, Estonia (2015-10-20) (Friendly exchange city of Tong'an District)
* {{flagdeco|HUN}} [[Pécs]], Baranya, Hungary (2017-5-25) (Friendly exchange city of Haicang District)
* {{flagdeco|CHI}} [[Santiago Metropolitan Region]], Chile (2022-4-6)
* {{flagdeco|CIV}} [[Abidjan]], Ivory Coast (2022-7-25)
* {{flagdeco|SLV}} [[Metapán]], Santa Ana Department, El Salvador (2023-7-26)
* {{flagdeco|KGZ}} [[Bishkek]], Kyrgyzstan (2023-9-9)
* {{flagdeco|SER}} [[Belgrade]], Serbia (2024-5-13)
* {{flagdeco|LAO}} [[Champasak province]], Laos (2024-8-16)
* {{flagdeco|CAM}} [[Preah Sihanouk province]], Cambodia (2024-8-19)
}}

=== Sister ports ===
Source<ref name="fao.xm.gov.cn_201508">{{Cite web|url=https://fao.xm.gov.cn/rtnw/cspyqgk/yhgk/201508/t20150818_1177101.htm|script-title=zh:厦门市18个国际友好港口名录|website=fao.xm.gov.cn|date=20 Jun 2024 |access-date=20 Jun 2024|archive-date=21 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621081926/https://fao.xm.gov.cn/rtnw/cspyqgk/yhgk/201508/t20150818_1177101.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* {{flagdeco|US}} [[Port of Baltimore]], US (2002-3-1)
* {{flagdeco|Germany}} [[Ruhrort|Port of Duisburg-Ruhrort]], Germany (2004-4-29)
* {{flagdeco|Ukraine}} [[Port of Chornomorsk]], Ukraine (2005-1-26)
* {{flagdeco|Spain}} [[Port of Las Palmas]], Spain (2005-3-25)
* {{flagdeco|South Korea}} [[Port of Mokpo|Mokpo Newport]], South Korea (2006-9-6)
* {{flagdeco|South Korea}} [[Port of Pyeongtaek-Dangjin]], South Korea (2008-9-10)
* {{flagdeco|South Korea}} [[Port of Gwangyang]], South Korea (2008-12-10)
* {{flagdeco|US}} [[Port Everglades]], US (2007-9-20)
* {{flagdeco|Belgium}} [[Port of Zeebrugge]], Belgium (2012-9-18)
* {{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Port Klang]], Malaysia (2015-10-28)
* {{flagdeco|US}} [[PortMiami]], US (2016-8-29)
* {{flagdeco|Ireland}} [[Port of Cork]], Ireland (2017-7-17)
* {{flagdeco|Australia}} [[Flinders Ports]] of [[South Australia]], Australia (2017-7-22)
* {{flagdeco|Chile}} [[Port San Antonio]], Chile (2019-3-8)
* {{flagdeco|South Korea}} [[Port of Busan]], South Korea (2019-8-20) 
* {{flagdeco|Ivory Coast}} [[Autonomous Port of Abidjan]], Ivory Coast (2022- - ) 
* {{flagdeco|Thailand}} [[Laem Chabang Port]], Thailand (2023-3-2) 
* {{flagdeco|Singapore}} [[Port of Singapore]], Singapore (2023-8-1) 
* {{flagdeco|US}} [[Port of Long Beach]], US (2024-6-12)
}}

=== Friendly cooperation ports ===
Source<ref name="fao.xm.gov.cn_201508"/>
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* {{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Port of Penang]], Malaysia
* {{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Port of Amsterdam]], the Netherlands
* {{flagdeco|Argentina}} [[Port of Buenos Aires]], Argentina
* {{flagdeco|New Zealand}} [[Wellington Harbour|Centreport Wellington]], New Zealand
* {{flagdeco|Latvia}} [[Port of Ventspils]], Latvia
* {{flagdeco|Spain}} [[Port of Barcelona]], Spain
* {{flagdeco|US}} [[Virginia Port Authority|Port of Virginia]], US
* {{flagdeco|Italy}} [[Port of Taranto]], Italy
* {{flagdeco|Italy}} Port of [[Ancona]], Italy
* {{flagdeco|Italy}} [[Port of Trieste]], Italy
* {{flagdeco|Turkey}} [[Port of İzmir]], Turkey
}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited sources ===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite EB9 |mode = cs2 |wstitle = Amoy |volume = 1 |ref ={{harvid|''EB''|1878}} |page = 748 }}.
* {{Cite EB1911 |mode = cs2 |wstitle = Amoy |volume = 1 |ref ={{harvid|''EB''|1911}} |page = 878 }}.
* {{Cite book |last = Ouchterlony |first = John |title = The Chinese War |location = London |year = 1844 |publisher = Saunders & Otley |url = https://archive.org/stream/chinesewaraccoun00ouchrich }}
* {{Cite book |last = Pitcher |first = Philip Wilson |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PP2 |title = Fifty Years in Amoy or A History of the Amoy Mission, China |location = New York |year = 1893 |publisher = Reformed Church in America |isbn = ((9785871498194)) |access-date = 30 June 2020 |archive-date = 24 November 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211124173411/https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PP2 |url-status = live }}
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Ng |first=Chin-Keong |year=1983 |title=Trade and Society: The Amoy Network on the China Coast, 1683–1735 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A04Y6rYnlikC |publisher=NUS Press |isbn=978-9971690694}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Xiamen}}
{{Wiktionary|Xiamen|Amoy|Hsia-men}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [http://english.xm.gov.cn/ Xiamen Municipal People's Government] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116140501/http://english.xm.gov.cn/ |date=16 January 2016 }}
* [http://govt.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/xiamen/ Xiamen, Fujian province – Your online guide to government services in China]

{{Xiamen}}
{{Fujian topics}}
{{Fujian}}
{{Metropolitan cities of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Megacities}}
{{SEZ}}
{{Foreign trade in Imperial China |state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Xiamen| ]]
[[Category:Sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Cities in Fujian]]
[[Category:National forest cities in China]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in China]]
[[Category:National Civilized City]]