View source for Xidi

{{Expand Chinese|topic=geo|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
|name                   = Xidi
|official_name          = 
|native_name            = {{lang|zh-cn|西递村}}
|other_name             =
|     settlement_type        = [[Village (PRC)|Village]]
|total_type             = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
|motto                  =
<!-- images and maps  ----------->
|image_skyline          = Xidi1024x1360.jpg
|imagesize              = 300px
|image_caption          = Gate in front of the town of Xidi
|image_seal             = 
|seal_size              =
|image_shield           = 
|shield_size            =
|image_blank_emblem     =
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<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name       = [[People's Republic of China]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of China|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Anhui]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Prefecture-level city]]
|subdivision_name3      = [[Huangshan City|Huangshan]]
|subdivision_type4      = [[County (PRC)|County]]
|subdivision_name4      = [[Yi County, Anhui|Yi]]
|subdivision_type5      = [[Town (PRC)|Town]]
|subdivision_name5      = {{ill|Xidi Town|zh|西递镇}}
<!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government -->
|seat_type              =
|seat                   =
|parts_type             =
|parts_style            = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
                               Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-->
|parts                  = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list -->
|p1                     =
|p2                     = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed-->
<!-- Politics ----------------->
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|leader_name            = 
|leader_title1          =  <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
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|established_title      = 
|established_date       = 
<!-- Area    --------------------->
|area_magnitude         =
|unit_pref                = 
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           = <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
|area_land_km2            = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->
|area_water_km2           =
|area_water_percent       =
<!-- Elevation -------------------------->
|elevation_footnotes    =  <!--for references: use <ref> tags-->
|elevation_m            =
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<!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of               = 
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 
|population_density_km2         = <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->
<!-- General information  --------------->
|timezone               =
|utc_offset             =
|coordinates            = {{coord|29.9033|N|117.9960|E|type:landmark_region:CN-33_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
|blank_name             = 
|blank_info             = 
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type       =  <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
|postal_code            =
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|website                = 
|footnotes              = {{designation list | embed=yes
   | designation1 = WHS
   | designation1_offname = Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun
   | designation1_date = 2000
   | designation1_type = Cultural
   | designation1_criteria = iii, iv, v
   | designation1_number   = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002 1002]
  }}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|pic=Xidi (Chinese characters).svg
|piccap="Xidi" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
|picsize=105px
|s={{linktext|西递}}
|t={{linktext|西遞}}
|p=Xīdì
|w=Hsi<sup>1</sup>-ti<sup>4</sup>
|mi={{IPAc-cmn|x|i|1|.|d|i|4}}
|l="Western Post"
|suz=Si-tî
|j=Sai<sup>1</sup>-dai<sup>6</sup>
|y=Sāi-daih
|tl=Se-tē
}}

'''Xidi''' ({{zh|s={{linktext|西递}}}}) is a village in [[Xidi Town]] ({{lang|zh-cn|{{linktext|西递|镇}}}}), [[Yi County, Anhui|Yi County]], [[Huangshan City]]<ref name="statxd">{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/34/10/23/341023103.html |script-title=zh:2017年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：西递镇 |trans-title=2017 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Xidi Town |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China]]| language = zh-hans|date=2017 |access-date=24 July 2018 |quote={{lang|zh-hans|341023103200 121 西递村委会}}}}</ref><ref name="xzqhxd">{{cite web |url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/ah/31587.html |script-title=zh:西递镇 |trans-title=Xidi Town | publisher=XZQH.org | language = zh-hans|date=18 September 2012 |access-date=24 July 2018 |quote={{lang|zh-hans|341023103200 121西递村}}}}</ref> of the historical [[Huizhou (region)|Huizhou region]] of [[Anhui]] province, China. Xidi and the nearby town of [[Hongcun]] are known for their exceptional preservation of rural Anhui architecture and city planning during medieval China, and together they were declared the "Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui" [[World Heritage Site]] by [[UNESCO]] in 2000.<ref name="unesco">{{cite web | url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002 | title=Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun | publisher=[[UNESCO]] | access-date=2008-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Xidi and Hongcun Villages | publisher=China.com | url=http://english.china.com/zh_cn/culture_history/heritages/11023762/20040916/11881915.html | access-date=2008-10-08 | date=2008-09-16}}</ref>

== History ==
First built during the Huangyou era (1049–1053) of [[Song dynasty]] Emperor [[Emperor Renzong of Song|Renzong]], the village was originally called ''Xichuan'' (West River), owing to the water courses flowing through it.

The Hu family of Xidi are descended from Hu Shiliang, from Wuyuan, who was a descendant of Hu Changyi, a son of [[Emperor Zhaozong of Tang]] who was adopted by the Wuyuan Hu family.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chinaxidi.com.cn/en/index.html |title=China Xidi-Huangshan Xidi-Welcome To Xidi |website=China Xidi }}</ref><ref name = "nomination">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1002.pdf |title=Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun |date=2 December 2000 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref>

The rise of the village was closely tied to the fortunes of the Hu family. By 1465 CE, during the [[Ming dynasty]] (1368–1644), family members had started in business as merchants, leading to construction of major private buildings and a public infrastructure. By the middle of the 17th century, the influence wielded by members of the Hu family expanded from commerce into politics. The prosperity of Xidi peaked in the 18th and 19th centuries, at which time the village comprised about 600 residences. However, during the late 19th century, the disintegration of the feudal system in China and the decline of merchant communities across Anhui cause the expansion of Xidi to cease <ref name = "nomination" />

==City Plan==
Xidi has maintained its original street plan and water systems from the medieval period. The street pattern of Xidi is dominated by a main road which runs in an east–west direction and is flanked by two parallel streets. These major streets are joined by many narrow alleyways. These streets are paved with original Yi County granite.  Small open spaces are confined to areas immediately in front of the main public buildings, such as the "Hall of Respect", the "Hall of Reminiscence", and the "Memorial Archway of the Governor".<ref name = "nomination" /> As was typical for the time, the buildings are clustered near the three streams that make up the city. In the city, there are 224 ancient residential buildings, dating from between the 14th and 19th centuries. Of those, there are 124 well-preserved wooden residences from the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] dynasties with beautiful carvings form the major attractions. The residences usually contain a central courtyard surrounded by symmetrical bays of rooms. Many of these residences are open to the public.<ref name = "nomination" />

==Gallery==
<gallery caption="Xidi" widths="180px" perrow="4">
Image:Xidi - 05.JPG|
File:Xidi-敬爱堂 20141110.JPG|
File:Xidi-膺福堂 20141110.JPG|
File:Xidi-惇仁堂 20141110.JPG|
File:Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun-114145.jpg
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Xidi}}
*[https://whc.unesco.org/sites/1002.htm UNESCO site about Xidi and Hongcun]
*[http://english.china.com/zh_cn/culture_history/heritages/11023762/20040916/11881915.html article on Xidi and Hongcun at china.com]

{{World Heritage Sites in China}}
{{Anhui topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Xidi}}
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in China]]
[[Category:Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Anhui]]
[[Category:Geography of Anhui]]
[[Category:Huangshan City]]
[[Category:Ming dynasty architecture]]
[[Category:Qing dynasty architecture]]
[[Category:Villages in China]]