View source for Xujiahui

{{Short description|Locality in Shanghai}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| pic     = Xujiahui, Shanghai.jpg
| picsize = 280px
| piccap  = Central shopping district of Xujiahui
{{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=point|zoom=15|frame-align=center|frame-width=220}}
| order   = st
| s       = [[wikt:徐家汇|徐家汇]]
| t       = [[wikt:徐家匯|徐家匯]]
| p       = Xújiāhuì
| wgn     = {{sup|6}}zhi-ka{{sub|1}}-we{{sub|6}}
| l       = Xu family junction
| ipa     = /ʑ̥i˨ ka̠˥ ɦɯe̞˨˩/
}}
'''Xujiahui''' ({{zh |c = 徐家汇}}, {{IPA|wuu|ʑ̥i˨ ka̠˥ ɦɯe̞˨˩|[[Shanghainese]]:}}, [[Romanization of Wu Chinese|romanized]] as: '''Zikawei''', '''Ziccawei''', or '''Siccawei''') is a locality in [[Shanghai]]. It is a historic area of commerce and culture administratively within [[Xuhui District]], which is named after the locality.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sinotour.com/tourguide/shanghai/xujiahui-commercial-district.html |title=Xujiahui Commercial District travel guide of hot destinations (Sinotour)–China travel hotels, Shanghai tourism, Xujiahui Commercial District |access-date=November 12, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716075348/http://sinotour.com/tourguide/shanghai/xujiahui-commercial-district.html |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> The area is a well-known precinct for shopping and entertainment in Shanghai. It is served by the [[Xujiahui Station]] of the [[Shanghai Metro]].

== Name ==
[[File:The tomb of Xuguangqi.jpg|left|thumb|180px|The [[Tomb of Xu Guangqi|tomb]] of [[Xu Guangqi]] in Xujiahui, [[Shanghai]].]]
Xujiahui means "Xu family junction" - more precisely, "property of Xu family at the junction of two rivers".<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/features/religion/la-tm-china29jul16,1,1569645.story |title = Jesus in China| website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date = 16 July 2006}}</ref>  The "Xu family" refers to the family of [[Xu Guangqi]] (Hsü Kuang-ch'i; 1562–1633), China's most notable Catholic convert. Most of what is now Xujiahui was once the ancestral home of the Xu family.  Baptized by famed Italian Jesuit, [[Matteo Ricci]], Xu Guangqi<ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Mariani |first=Paul Philip |title=China's Church Divided: Bishop Louis Jin and the Post-Mao Catholic Revival |date=2025 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=978-0-674-29765-4 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}</ref>{{Reference page|page=20}} and his descendants donated large plots of land to the Catholic Church, including the site of the St. Ignatius Cathedral.

[[File:Cathedral in Xujiahui.jpg|right|thumb|160px|[[St. Ignatius Cathedral of Shanghai|St. Ignatius Cathedral]], Xujiahui, Shanghai.]]

During the 18th century it was known by Shanghai's western residents as "Ziccawei" or "Siccawei" in English, and "Zikawei" or "Zi-ka-wei" in French, from the pronunciation of its name in [[Shanghainese]]. These names survive in the names of some institutions, such as the [[Bibliotheca Zi-Ka-Wei]], and the area is still listed in a number of contemporary guidebooks and literature as "Zikawei" or some variant thereof.

== History ==
[[File:River of Shanghai in the 1920s.jpg|thumb|left|A river scene, with the mission and observatory, caption reads (in German): "Jesuiten Kloster mit Meteorolog. Observatorium in Zi-ca-wei bei Shanghai"]]
[[File:Tcitp d391 the observatory at siccawei.jpg|thumb|left|The Siccawei Observatory, c. 1908]]
[[File:Xujiahui Guanxiangtai Jiuzhi.jpg|thumb|left|The former site of the Siccawei Observatory is now a part of the Shanghai Meteorological Center]]
[[File:Former Site of Pathé.JPG|thumb|left|The former Site of [[Pathé]]]]

With land donated by Xu Guangqi's family and those acquired by other means, the [[Society of Jesus]] established a grand cathedral as well as an entire one square mile complex that covers most of present-day Xujiahui.  In addition to the cathedral, the French Jesuits also built orphanages, monasteries, schools, libraries and the {{Interlanguage link|Xujiahui observatory|zh|3=徐家汇观象台}} (now the Shanghai Bureau of Meteorology).

In time, it became a stronghold of Catholics in East Asia. Xujiahui was a major locus of missionary efforts throughout China, particularly for the Jesuits.<ref name=":10" />{{Reference page|page=20}} One of the first structures to be built by the Jesuits was the St. Ignatius Cathedral in 1847, later reconstructed in 1906.  The Cathedral is located on what is now known as North Caoxi Road and is still referred to in English as the [[St. Ignatius Cathedral of Shanghai|St. Ignatius Cathedral]].  The sign on the street calls it simply "Catholic Church."  The cathedral was featured in the opening scenes of [[Steven Spielberg]]'s 1987 film ''[[Empire of the Sun (film)|Empire of the Sun]]''.

[[File:Library Bibliotheca Zi-Ka-Wei.jpg|thumb|right|The Bibliotheca Zikawei, now a branch of the [[Shanghai Library]].]]
A number of other structures survive from its days as a center of Catholicism. One is the Collège Saint Ignace or Xuhui College on 68 Hongqiao Road, now renamed [[Xuhui High School]] (or Xuhui Middle School). Established by Jesuits in 1850, Xuhui (St. Ignatius) College was the first educational institution in China to offer a fully western curriculum. Another is the ''Bibliotheca Zikawei'' (or ''Bibliothèque de Mission''), now a branch of [[Shanghai Library]], adjacent to the cathedral. Several of the convent buildings scattered around Xujiahui are still visible in various states of preservation: one (structurally modified but still recognizable) serves as the office of the Xuhui District Government and People's Procurate. The Tou-Se-We Orphanage ([[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]: Tushanwan) operated by the church, whose workshops supplied much of the religious art on Xujiahui's religious buildings, is half a mile to the south of Xujiahui junction; the sole surviving building of the orphanage is now the Tou-Se-We Museum.

The educational institutions founded by the Catholic church led to Xujiahui's reputation as a center of education. The [[Aurora University (Shanghai)|Aurora University]] was founded by the Jesuits in Xujiahui. The imperial [[Nanyang Public School]] system was founded in Xujiahui at the end of the 19th century, and the historic main campus of its most prominent descendent school, [[Shanghai Jiao Tong University|Jiao Tong University]], one of Shanghai's most prestigious, is still located in Xujiahui. [[Fudan University]], also one of Shanghai's most prestigious, was located in Xujiahui until 1922.

While central Xujiahui was administratively part of the Chinese area of Shanghai, it was in reality controlled by the [[Catholic Church]], which was closely associated with the French authorities of the [[Shanghai French Concession|French Concession]]. From 1914, Xujiahui sat just outside the borders of the French Concession, and remained under heavy French influence.

Catholic Xujiahui came to an abrupt end with the [[Communist Party of China|Communist]] victory in the [[Chinese Civil War]].  A few years after the People's Liberation Army entered Shanghai, the Jesuits abandoned Xujiahui and relocated to nearby posts such as [[Macau]] or [[Manila]].  Many of those who remained were imprisoned by Communist authorities.  These include Cardinal Ignatius Kung, who spent decades in prison, and Father Chang-min "Beda" Chang, who died in prison in November 1951.

[[File:Xujiahui at night.jpg|thumb|right|Xujiahui junction at night]]
From 1949 onwards, most of the large houses and estates in Xujiahui were compulsorily acquired or seized by the government and converted into factories.  Up until the late 1990s, the area was predominantly an industrial area.
[[File:Grand Gateway, Shanghai.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Grand Gateway at Xujiahui Circle]]

During the late 1990s, many of the [[State-owned enterprise|state-owned factories]] were sold off and torn down.  Xujiahui is now mainly a retail district of downtown Shanghai.

== Economy ==
[[File:Xujiahui 3.jpg|thumb|Xujiahui in 2022]]
Xujiahui today is mainly a commercial area, though the Catholic church retains a significant presence and there are still educational and scientific institutions in the area.

The main Xujiahui shopping district is centered on the intersection of the streets Hongqiao Rd, Huashan Rd, Zhaojiabang Rd and North Caoxi Rd.  Each of these streets terminates at the intersection, which is home to three supermarkets, six major shopping malls and nine large-scale office towers. (Clockwise from Hongqiao Road, Grand Gateway, Huashan Road, Pacific Sogo, Hengshan Road Tunnel, Huijin Department Store, Zhaojiabang Road, [[Metro-City]], North Caoxi Road, Oriental Shopping Mall.) Everything from cosmetics to cars to cucumbers is available within five minutes, but the type of product that Xujiahui is most famous for is electronics.  It is one of the biggest places for people to get electronic equipment, from cameras to PSPs to Xboxes and modchips for those Xboxes and other game consoles as well. However, the biggest shopping mall for electronic equipment has closed in 2016. Currently, a brand new shopping center is under construction, it is located on Hongqiao Road, right beside the Grand Gateway. The new shopping center will officially open in 2016.

== Climate ==
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location = Xujiahui, elevation {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
|Jan record high C = 	21.6
|Feb record high C = 	27.0
|Mar record high C = 	29.5
|Apr record high C = 	33.9
|May record high C = 	36.7
|Jun record high C = 	38.5
|Jul record high C = 	40.9
|Aug record high C =    40.8
|Sep record high C = 	38.2
|Oct record high C = 	36.0
|Nov record high C = 	28.5
|Dec record high C = 	23.4
|Jan record low C = 	-10.1
|Feb record low C = 	-7.9
|Mar record low C = 	-5.4
|Apr record low C = 	-0.5
|May record low C = 	6.9
|Jun record low C = 	12.3
|Jul record low C = 	16.3
|Aug record low C =     18.8
|Sep record low C = 	10.8
|Oct record low C = 	1.7
|Nov record low C = 	-4.2
|Dec record low C = 	-8.5
|Jan high C = 	8.7
|Feb high C = 	10.7
|Mar high C = 	14.9
|Apr high C = 	20.9
|May high C = 	25.8
|Jun high C = 	28.6
|Jul high C = 	33.2
|Aug high C = 	32.6
|Sep high C = 	28.7
|Oct high C = 	23.5
|Nov high C = 	17.8
|Dec high C = 	11.3
|Jan mean C = 	5.4
|Feb mean C = 	7.0
|Mar mean C = 	10.7
|Apr mean C = 	16.1
|May mean C = 	21.3
|Jun mean C = 	24.7
|Jul mean C = 	29.1
|Aug mean C = 	28.8
|Sep mean C = 	25.1
|Oct mean C = 	19.9
|Nov mean C = 	14.3
|Dec mean C = 	7.9
|Jan low C = 	2.9
|Feb low C = 	4.1
|Mar low C =    7.6
|Apr low C = 	12.6
|May low C = 	17.9
|Jun low C = 	22.0
|Jul low C = 	26.2
|Aug low C = 	26.2
|Sep low C = 	22.5
|Oct low C = 	17.1
|Nov low C = 	11.4
|Dec low C = 	5.3
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 	72.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 	65.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 	97.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 	84.2
|May precipitation mm = 	91.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 	224.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 	163.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 	225.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 	131.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 	69.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 	61.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 	50.4
|Jan humidity = 	71
|Feb humidity = 	71
|Mar humidity = 	70
|Apr humidity = 	69
|May humidity = 	70
|Jun humidity = 	79
|Jul humidity = 	76
|Aug humidity = 	76
|Sep humidity = 	74
|Oct humidity = 	70
|Nov humidity = 	71
|Dec humidity = 	69
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm	
|Jan precipitation days = 	10.6
|Feb precipitation days = 	10.4
|Mar precipitation days = 	12.7
|Apr precipitation days = 	11.3
|May precipitation days = 	11.2
|Jun precipitation days = 	14.3
|Jul precipitation days = 	12.2
|Aug precipitation days = 	12.7
|Sep precipitation days = 	10.1
|Oct precipitation days = 	7.5
|Nov precipitation days = 	9.2
|Dec precipitation days = 	8.5
|year precipitation days = 	130.7
|Jan sun= 114.3
|Feb sun= 119.9
|Mar sun= 128.5
|Apr sun= 148.5
|May sun= 169.8
|Jun sun= 130.9
|Jul sun= 190.8
|Aug sun= 185.7
|Sep sun= 167.5
|Oct sun= 161.4
|Nov sun= 131.1
|Dec sun= 127.4
|year sun= 1775.8
|Jan snow days = 	2.1
|Feb snow days = 	1.8
|Mar snow days = 	0.5
|Apr snow days = 	0.0
|May snow days = 	0
|Jun snow days = 	0
|Jul snow days = 	0
|Aug snow days = 	0
|Sep snow days = 	0
|Oct snow days = 	0
|Nov snow days = 	0.1
|Dec snow days = 	0.9
|year snow days =   5.4
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]] (sun 1981–2010)<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =10 October 2023}}</ref><ref name = CMA2 >
{{cite web
  | url = http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger 
  | title = 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集
  | publisher = [[China Meteorological Administration]]
  | language = Chinese| accessdate = 2014-06-11
}}</ref> all-time extreme temperature<ref name = Mherrera>{{cite web
|url= http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm
|title= Extreme Temperatures Around the World
|access-date= 2024-09-22
}}</ref>
}}

==Education==
The historic main campus of the [[Shanghai Jiao Tong University]] is located in Xujiahui, to the north of the Xujiahui junction. While due to space limitations the university has moved its undergraduate department to a new campus on the outskirts of Shanghai, the Xujiahui campus still houses the university's School of International Education and several research institutes. The campus is notable for a number of historic buildings dating from the early 20th century, including its imperial-style gate and remnants of the imperial-style marble bridges, reflecting the university's former status as the Imperial Polytechnic.

The former Collège Saint Ignace, founded in 1850 and now [[Xuhui High School]], is still in Xujiahui.

The former [[Shanghai Medical University]], now [[Fudan University Shanghai Medical College]], is located close to Xujiahui metro station.

The [[Bibliotheca Zi-Ka-Wei]] (Xujiahui Library) is in the area.

==Parks==
On the location of a former brick factory now stands the Xujiahui park, which was completed in 2002. The park also contains a manmade meandering brook (miniature model of the course of the [[Huangpu River]]), basketball courts, and a children's playground. The park is traversed by a roughly 250 meter (820 feet)-long elevated pathway. The eastern part of the park features the historic Red House, which once housed the [[Pathé Records (Hong Kong)|Pathé China]] record company. The [[Shanghai Conservatory of Music]] - also located in Xuhui district - often stages free performances during the Spring and Autumn months in the park, as these are the times when weather in Shanghai is the best.

The other notable park in Xujiahui is Guangqi Park, which features the [[Tomb of Xu Guangqi|tomb]] of [[Xu Guangqi]], after whom the area and district are ultimately named. The tomb, recently restored according to its original set-up, is a curious combination of a large Christian cross as the grave marker, with a traditional Chinese "spirit way" lined with stone animals. Also located in the park is a traditional house relocated here as a result of urban redevelopment elsewhere in the district.

== Transportation ==
The main intersection at Xujiahui is a transportation hub.  It is served by dozens of bus routes, and by the [[Xujiahui (Shanghai Metro)|Xujiahui]] metro station on Lines [[Line 1, Shanghai Metro|1]], [[Line 9, Shanghai Metro|9]] and [[Line 11, Shanghai Metro|11]] of the [[Shanghai Metro]].

== Xujiahui Subdistrict ==
Xujiahui Subdistrict was established in May 1994 as a [[Subdistrict of China|subdistrict]] of [[Xuhui District]], Shanghai.<ref name="xjh">{{cite web |url = http://www.shxjh.gov.cn/1-1.html |title=徐家汇街道 |access-date=November 12, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100821041758/http://www.shxjh.gov.cn/1-1.html |archive-date = August 21, 2010 }}</ref> The subdistrict covers {{convert|4.04|km2|sqmi|sp=us}}. There are 31,624 households which total 94,872 residents. There are roughly 110,000 permanent residents in the district.<ref name="xjh"/> The subdistrict is not co-extensive with the geographical locality.

== See also ==

* [[Tomb of Xu Guangqi]]
* [[Tushanwan]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Xujiahui}}
{{Wiktionary|Xujiahui|Siccawei|Zikawei}}
* [[Geographic coordinates]]: {{coord|31|11|N|121|26|E|region:CN-31_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
* {{Official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20101121022640/http://www.shxjh.gov.cn:80/|Xujiahui subdistrict official website}} {{in lang|zh}}

{{Clear}}
{{Xuhui District}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Xujiahui}}
[[Category:Xu Guangqi]]
[[Category:Township-level divisions of Shanghai]]
[[Category:Shopping districts and streets in China]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Shanghai]]
[[Category:Xuhui District]]