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{{Short description|Russian philologist (1812–1893)}}
{{one source|date=November 2010}}
{{Expand Russian|topic=bio}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Yakov Karlovich Grot
| native_name        = Яков Карлович Грот
| image              = Yakov Karlovich Grot 1882 Vilimek.png
| image_size         = 200px
| caption            = Grot in 1882
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|df=yes|1812|12|27}}
| birth_place        = [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1893|6|5|1812|12|27}}
| death_place        = Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
| burial_place	     = [[Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg)|Novodevichy Cemetery]], St. Petersburg
| nationality        = [[Russians|Russian]]
| citizenship       = [[Russian nationality law|Russian Empire]]
| spouse             = {{marriage|{{ill|Natalya Grot|lt=Natalya Semyonova|ru|Грот, Наталья Петровна}}|1850}}
| children           = 7, including {{ill|Nikolai Grot|ru|Грот, Николай Яковлевич}} and {{ill|Konstantin Grot|ru|Грот, Константин Яковлевич}}
| alma_mater         = [[Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum]]
| occupation         = [[Philologist]]
| employer           = [[Russian Academy of Sciences|Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]
}}

'''Yakov Karlovich Grot''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|Я́ков Ка́рлович Грот}}; {{OldStyleDate|December 27|1812|December 15}} &ndash; {{OldStyleDate|June 5|1893|May 24}}) was a Russian philologist of German extraction who worked at the [[University of Helsinki]].

Grot was a graduate of the [[Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum]]. In his lifetime, he gained fame for his translations of German and Scandinavian poetry, his work on the theory of [[Russian orthography]], lexicography, and grammar, and his approach to literary editing and criticism, exemplified in a full edition of the works of [[Gavrila Derzhavin|Derzhavin]] (1864&ndash;1883). His ''Russian Orthography'' (1878, 1885) ({{lang|ru|"Русское правописание"}}, ''Russkoye pravopisaniye'') became the standard textbook of Russian spelling and punctuation until superseded by the decrees of 1917&ndash;1918, although his definition of the theoretical foundations remains little changed to this day.  Shortly before his death, he assumed the compilation of the ''Academic Dictionary of Russian'' (1891&ndash;1923), which, although continued by [[Aleksey Shakhmatov]], was never to be completed. He was a member of the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]] from 1858, its chairman from 1884, and its vice-president from 1889. He was appointed Russian-language tutor to the future tsars [[Alexander II of Russia|Alexander&nbsp;II]] and [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander&nbsp;III]].

His spelling primers "reduced words to historical hieroglyphs of a kind, mismatched with the living spoken language of most Russians"; later linguists like [[Baudouin de Courtenay]] and [[Filipp Fortunatov]] promoted reforms that would make spelling a better reflection of spoken language.<ref>Michael G. Smith, ''Language and Power in the Creation of the USSR, 1917-1953'' (Walter de Gruyter, 1998: {{ISBN|3-11-016197-4}}), pp. 22-23.</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=1992 |title=Грот Яков Карлович |encyclopedia=[[:ru:Русские писатели 1800—1917|Русские писатели 1800—1917]] |publisher=Bolshaya Rossiyskaya Entsiklopediya |location=Moscow |url=https://archive.org/details/1800-1917.-..-1.-.-1989/Русские%20писатели.%201800—1917.%20Биографический%20словарь.%20Том%202.%20—%20M.%2C%201992/page/48/mode/1up |last=Ospovat |first=Aleksandr L. |author-link=:ru:Осповат, Александр Львович |editor-last=Nikolayev |editor-first=Pyotr A. |editor-link=:ru:Николаев, Пётр Алексеевич |volume=2 |pages=48–49 |language=ru |isbn=5-85270-064-9}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=[[:s:ru:ЭСБЕ/Грот, Яков Карлович|Грот (Яков Карлович)]] |encyclopedia=[[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]] |publisher=Brockhaus and Efron |location=St. Petersburg |last=Vengerov |first=Semyon A. |date=1893 |author-link=Semyon Vengerov |volume=IXa |pages=777–778 |language=ru}}

==External links==
*{{in lang|ru}} A part of Grot's ''Russkoye Pravopisaniye'', 1885, in [[Reforms of Russian orthography|the old Russian orthography]]&mdash;[https://web.archive.org/web/20011216042118/http://www.geocities.com/kstati/texts/grot.html ''{{lang|ru|Русское правописаніе}}''].

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Grot, Yakov Karlovich}}
[[Category:Linguists from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Philologists from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Russian people of German descent]]
[[Category:1812 births]]
[[Category:1893 deaths]]
[[Category:Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum alumni]]
[[Category:People from the Russian Empire of German descent]]
[[Category:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg)]]