View source for Yavne

{{for-multi|the religious kibbutz|Kvutzat Yavne|the town with a similar name|Gan Yavne|the yeshiva with a similar name|Kerem Yavne|the former Arab village|Yibna|the Jamnia in Galilee|Jamnith}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Yavne
| native_name              = {{Lang|he|{{Script/Hebrew|יַבְנֶה}}|rtl=yes}}
| settlement_type          = [[List of cities in Israel|City]]
| translit_lang1           = Hebrew
| translit_lang1_type1     = [[ISO 259]]
| translit_lang1_info1     = Yabne
| image_skyline            = Yavne panoramic view2.JPG
| imagesize                = 275px
| image_blank_emblem       = Coat of Arms of Yavne.svg
| blank_emblem_type        = Emblem of Yavne
| pushpin_map_alt          = 
| pushpin_map              = Israel center ta#Israel
| pushpin_mapsize          = 
| pushpin_label_position   = left
| pushpin_map_caption      = 
| coordinates              = {{coord|31|53|N|34|44|E|region:IL|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|Israel}}
| subdivision_type1        = 
| subdivision_name1        = 
| subdivision_type2        = [[Districts of Israel|District]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Central District (Israel)|Central]]
| established_title        = Founded
| established_date         = 2000 BCE <small>(Canaanite city)</small><br />37 BCE <small>(Herodian rule)</small><br />7th century Islamic period <small>(Arab village)</small><br />1949 <small>(Israeli city)</small>
| leader_title             = Mayor
| leader_name              = Roei Gabay
| unit_pref                = dunam
| area_total_dunam         = {{formatnum:10700|R}}
| population_footnotes     = {{Israel populations|reference}}
| population_total         = {{Israel populations|Yavne}}
| population_as_of         = {{Israel populations|Year}}
| population_density_km2   = auto
| demographics_type1     = Ethnicity
| demographics1_footnotes = {{Israel populations|reference}}
|  demographics1_title1    = [[Israeli Jews|Jews and others]]
|  demographics1_info1     = 99.9%
|  demographics1_title2    = [[Arab citizens of Israel|Arabs]]
|  demographics1_info2     = 0.1%
| website                  = {{URL|www.yavne.muni.il}}
}}
'''Yavne''' ({{langx|he|יַבְנֶה}}) is a city in the [[Central District (Israel)|Central District]] of [[Israel]]. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Yavne}}.{{Israel populations|reference}}

Modern Yavne was established in 1949. It is located near the ruins of the ancient town of Yibna (known also as Jamnia and Jabneh), later the village of [[Yibna]], and today the archeological site of Tel Yavne. Ancient Yavne holds a special place in [[Jewish history]] because of the ancient town's contribution to [[Judaism]]'s recovery and reconstitution under [[Tannaim|sages]] [[Yohanan ben Zakkai|ben Zakkai]] and [[Gamaliel II]] following the [[Siege of Jerusalem (70 AD)|destruction of the Second Temple]]. This period, sometimes known as the "Yavne period", became a crucial mark in the development of [[Rabbinic Judaism]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-judaism/3F4F0A32983FC0DCDB414553888DC394 |title=The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period |date=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-77248-8 |editor-last=Katz |editor-first=Steven T. |volume=4 |location=Cambridge |page=268 |doi=10.1017/chol9780521772488 |quote=Under the leadership of R. Yohanan ben Zakkai and his circle at Yavneh, Judaism sought to reconstitute itself and find a new equilibrium in the face of the disaster of 70.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=Religion (Judentum: Palästinisches Judentum [Forts.]) |date=2016-09-26 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-083904-3 |editor-last1=Haase |editor-first1=Wolfgang |language=de |chapter=The Formation of Rabbinic Judaism: Yavneh (Jamnia) from A.D. 70 to 100 |doi=10.1515/9783110839043-002 |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110839043-002/html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Jews and Christians in the first and second centuries: the interbellum 70-132 AD |date=2018 |editor=Joshua Schwartz |editor2=Peter J. Tomson |isbn=978-90-04-34986-5 |location=Leiden, The Netherlands |publisher=Brill |oclc=988856967}}</ref> The city has a history of [[Winemaking|producing wine]] throughout much of antiquity, as indicated by both archeological findings and ancient sources.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Largest wine factory in the world from Byzantine period unearthed |url=https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/largest-wine-factory-in-the-world-byzantine-period-unearthed-in-yavne-681639 |access-date=2023-01-05 |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Name ==
In many English translations of the Bible, Yavne was known as '''Jabneh''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|æ|b|n|ə}}. In Greek and Latin-speaking sources, it was known as '''Jamnia''' ({{langx|grc|Ἰαμνία}} ''Iamníā''; {{langx|la|Iamnia}}). Under [[Syria Palaestina|Late Roman]] and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine rule]], it had a mixed population of [[Christians]], Jews, and [[Samaritans]].  Under the [[Crusades|Crusaders]], the city was known as '''Ibelin''', and was where the [[House of Ibelin]] resided. During the Ottoman and British periods, it was known as '''Yibna''' ({{langx|ar|يبنى}}). The ancient site is now found at the [[Tel Yavne]] archeological site, which is southeast of the modern city.

==History==
[[File:Yavne 599.jpg|thumb|right|Twelfth-century [[Mausoleum of Abu Huraira]] in Yavne, attributed to both Rabbi Gamaliel of Yavne and Abu Hurairah, a companion of Muhammad.]]

===Ancient Yavne===
{{See also|Yibna}}

====Antiquity====
Yavne was one of the major ancient cities in the southern [[Israeli coastal plain|coastal plain]], situated {{convert|20|km|2|abbr=on}} south of [[Jaffa]], {{convert|15|km|2|abbr=on}} north of [[Ashdod]], and {{convert|7|km|2|abbr=on}} east of the [[Mediterranean]].<ref name="britannica.com">Moshe Fischer, Itamar Taxel and David Amit, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25609264 Rural Settlement in the Vicinity of Yavneh in the Byzantine Period: A Religio-Archaeological Perspective], Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 350 (May, 2008), pp. 7-35.</ref>

From excavations of the ancient [[Tell (archaeology)|tell]] (mound created by accumulation of archaeological remains) known as ''Tel Yavne'' (Hebrew), which developed on a natural [[kurkar]] hill, the area shows to have been inhabited continuously from either the Bronze or Iron Age until the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate]]. During some periods, especially the [[Byzantine]] period, the settlement expanded to cover part of the plain and hills surrounding the tell.<ref name="britannica.com"/><ref name="YavnehI">Raz Kletter, Irit Ziffer, Wolfgang Zwickel. "Yavneh I: The Excavation of the 'Temple Hill' Repository Pit and the Cult Stands." Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis, Series Archaeologica (OBOSA), Book 30. Academic Press Fribourg, Switzerland ({{ISBN|978-3-7278-1667-3}}) and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen ({{ISBN|978-3-525-54361-0}}). 2010. Pages 2-13 [https://books.google.com/books?id=IPZ-RCIF4EEC]</ref><ref name="NegevGibson">{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia= Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land |entry=Jabneh; Jabneel; Jamnia (a) |author1=[[Avraham Negev|Negev, Avraham]] |author2=[[Shimon Gibson|Gibson, Shimon]] |year=2001 |location=New York and London |publisher=Continuum |page=253 |isbn=0-8264-1316-1 }}</ref> Yavne is mentioned in the [[Bible]] and other ancient texts.<ref name="YavnehI"/><ref name="NegevGibson"/>

In Roman times, the city was known as '''Iamnia''' or '''Jamnia'''. It was bequeathed by [[Herod the Great|King Herod]] upon his death to his sister [[Salome I|Salome]]. Upon her death it passed to [[Caesar Augustus|Emperor Augustus]], who ran it as a private [[Imperial estate (Roman)|imperial estate]], a status  retained for at least a century.<ref name="Kletter2004">{{Cite journal |first=Raz |last=Kletter |year=2004 |title=Tel Yavne |journal=Excavations and Surveys in Israel |volume=116 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/Report_Detail_Eng.aspx?id=30&mag_id=108 |access-date=2017-12-31}}</ref> After Salome's death, Iamnia came into the property of [[Livia]], the future Roman empress, and then to her son [[Tiberius]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jabneh|title=Jabneh|publisher=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=January 2023}}

In the 40s AD, a dispute emerged in Jamnia when Gentiles constructed a mud-brick altar to the Emperor, provoking the local Jewish population. The Jews destroyed the altar, which they saw as desecration. This led the Gentiles to complain to Capito, the imperial revenue collector in [[Judaea (Roman province)|Judaea]], who reported the matter to Emperor [[Caligula]]. In retaliation, Caligula ordered a statue of himself as Jupiter to be placed in the [[Holy of Holies]] at the [[Temple in Jerusalem|Temple of Jerusalem]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Millar |first=Fergus |title=The Roman Near East: 31 BC–AD 337 |date= |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-674-77886-3 |edition= |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |page=58 |chapter= |quote=}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Rogers |first=Guy MacLean |title=For the Freedom of Zion: the Great Revolt of Jews against Romans, 66-74 CE |date=2021 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-24813-5 |location=New Haven |pages=5, 86, 136, 281, 539}}</ref>

Iamnia played a role in several events during the [[First Jewish–Roman War]]. In 66 AD, the Roman tribune Neapolitanus met with King [[Herod Agrippa II|Agrippa II]] in Iamnia, to inform him of his mission to investigate the situation in Jerusalem, following [[Gessius Florus|Florus]]' seizure of Temple funds and [[Jerusalem riots of 66|clashes between Jews and Roman troops]].<ref name=":6" /> Later, in spring 68 AD, after the Roman army under [[Vespasian]] quelled the insurrection in [[Galilee]], the army marched upon Iamnia and [[Ashdod (ancient city)|Azotus]], taking both towns and stationing garrisons within them.<ref>[[Josephus]], ''[[The Jewish War]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0148%3Abook%3D4%3Awhiston+chapter%3D3%3Awhiston+section%3D2 4.3.2] (4.130)</ref>

Following the failure of the revolt and the [[Siege of Jerusalem (70 AD)|destruction of the Second Temple]], Judaism underwent significant reform in Yavne.<ref name=":6" /> According to rabbinic tradition, Rabbi [[Yohanan ben Zakkai]] and his disciples were permitted to settle in Iamnia during the outbreak of the war, after ben Zakkai, realizing that [[Jerusalem]] was about to fall, departed the city and sought the permission of [[Vespasian]], commander of the Roman forces, to settle in Yavne and teach his disciples.<ref>{{cite book|last=Nathan ha-Bavli|author-link=Nathan the Babylonian|editor=Shemuel Yerushalmi|title=Avot de-Rabbi Natan |year=1976|location=Jerusalem |publisher=Mekhon Masoret|page=29 (chapter 4, section 5) |oclc=232936057 |language=he |title-link=Avot de-Rabbi Natan}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author-last=Ben-Israel|author-first=Uriah|editor=Alon, David|contribution=Yavne |title=Israel Guide - Sharon, Southern Coastal Plain and Northern Negev|volume=6 |publisher=[[Keter Publishing House]] |location=Jerusalem|year=1979|page=132 |language=he|oclc=745203905 }}</ref> Upon the [[Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)|fall of Jerusalem]], his school functioned as a [[Sanhedrin]].<ref>[[Babylonian Talmud]], ''[[Gittin (tractate)|Gittin]]'' [http://www.come-and-hear.com/gittin/gittin_56.html#PARTb 56b]</ref> It was also theorized for some time to have been the site of a supposed [[Council of Jamnia]] that established the rabbinic Jewish biblical canon (although current scholarship largely rejects the theory that such a council in fact occurred).

According to the [[Jerusalem Talmud]] (''Berakhot'' 1:4), when the rabbis argued over some fine point of Jewish law, a Divine voice ([[Hebrew]]: ''bat ḳol'') was heard in Yavne, ruling in favor of the [[School of Hillel]]. To counter a perceived threat to rabbinical authority, the Talmud states that [[Shmuel ha-Katan]] of Yavne enacted the "[[Birkat haMinim|twelfth benediction]]" in the [[Amidah|daily prayer]], i.e.,  the benediction against [[Apostasy in Judaism|apostates]] and [[Heresy in Judaism|heretics]] ([[Hebrew]]: ''minim'').<ref>{{Citation |contribution=יבנה |title=Ozar Yisrael - An Encyclopedia of all matters concerning Jews and Judaism, in Hebrew |editor-last=Eisenstein |editor-first=J.D. |editor-link=Julius Eisenstein |volume=5 |publisher=Shapiro |place=London|page=48 |year=1935 |language=he |oclc=917796525}}; cf. [[Babylonian Talmud]], ''Berakhot'' [https://halakhah.com/berakoth/berakoth_28.html#PARTb 28b]</ref>

====Crusader period====
The [[Crusade]]rs renamed the city '''Ibelin''' and built its [[Ibelin (castle)|castle]] there in 1141. An excavation led by Professor [[Dan Bahat]] in 2005<ref name=mfa06>[https://mfa.gov.il/mfa/israelexperience/history/pages/archaeological%20excavations%20in%20israel%202006.aspx Archaeological Excavations in Israel 2006], Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed Sep 2021.</ref>{{better source needed|date=January 2023}} revealed the main gate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/10/archaeologists-uncover-ruins-of-medieval-wine-factory-at-israels-yavne-site/|title = Archaeologists uncover ruins of medieval wine factory at Israel's Yavne site|date = 12 October 2021}}</ref> Its namesake noble family, the [[House of Ibelin]], was important in the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] and later in the [[Kingdom of Cyprus]]. Salvage excavations at the west of the tell unearthed a stash of 53 Crusader coins of the 12th and 13th centuries.<ref name="mynet">{{cite web |url=http://www.mynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3697876,00.html |script-title=he:מטמון נדיר נמצא בחפירות ארכיאולוגיות בתל יבנה |trans-title=Rare Treasure Found in Excavations at Tel Yavne |language=he |publisher=[[Ynet]] |first=Ilanit |last=Shimron |date=2009-04-06 |access-date=2010-08-08 |archive-date=2011-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005065207/http://www.mynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3697876,00.html }}</ref>

====Muslim Yibna, Early Islamic to Mamluk period====
The [[Islam]]ic historian [[Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri|al-Baladhuri]] (died 892 AD) describes [[Yibna]] as one of ten towns in [[Jund Filastin]] conquered by the [[Rashidun army]] led by [['Amr ibn al-'As]] in the early 7th century.<ref>al-Baladhuri, ''Book of the Conquest of the Lands'', quoted in Le Strange (1890), p. [https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/28/mode/1up 28]</ref> Ibelin was first sacked by [[Saladin]] before his army was  routed at the [[Battle of Montgisard]] in late 1177. In August 1187, it was retaken and burnt to the ground, and ceased for some time to form part of the Crusaders' kingdom.<ref>Fischer, Moshe and Taxel, Itamar. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Itamar_Taxel/publication/307577653_Fischer_M_and_Taxel_I_2007_Ancient_Yavneh_Its_History_and_Archaeology_Tel_Aviv_34_204-284/links/57c9b13708ae59825180f324/Fischer-M-and-Taxel-I-2007-Ancient-Yavneh-Its-History-and-Archaeology-Tel-Aviv-34-204-284.pdf "Ancient Yavneh: Its History and Archaeology"], in ''Tel Aviv''  Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University, December 2007,  vol. 34: No 2, pp.204-284, 247</ref>

====Mosque====
Ibelin's parish church was converted into a [[mosque]], to which a minaret was added during the Mamluk period in 1337. The minaret is still standing, although the mosque itself (the former Crusader church) was blown up by the IDF in 1950.<ref name="YavnehI"/><ref name="PringleChurches">{{cite book |chapter=Yibna: Church (No. 280) |title=The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Corpus |volume=2, L-Z (excluding Tyre) |author=Denys Pringle |year=1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=379–380 |isbn=978-0-521-39037-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC&q=%22Denys+Pringle%22+Yibna&pg=PA379 |access-date=24 January 2016 }}</ref>

===Tomb of Abu Huraira/Gamaliel===
The [[Mausoleum of Abu Huraira]], known in Arabic as [[maqam (shrine)|Maqam]] Abu Hurayra, described as "one of the finest domed mausoleums in Palestine", dates back to the 12th century. It was said to be the tomb of [[Abu Hurairah]], a companion ([[sahaba]]) of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]].<ref name="Petersen2002"/><ref name=DoronBar>{{cite journal |author= Bar, Doron |title= Mizrahim and the development of sacred space in the State of Israel, 1948–1968 |year= 2009 |journal= Journal of Modern Jewish Studies |volume= 8 |issue= 3 |pages= 267–285 |doi= 10.1080/14725880903262988 |s2cid= 145291702 }}</ref> Abu Hurairah however is buried in [[Medina]], [[Saudi Arabia]], but he{{clarify|reason=Him or his alleged tomb?|date=September 2021}} was also venerated in various places in Palestine, namely in [[Ramle]] and Yavne.<ref name=Baer>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQcVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA652|title=Ayyubid Metalwork With Christian Images|first=Eva|last=Baer|date=11 December 1989|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-08962-4|via=Google Books}}</ref> After 1948 the shrine was adopted by [[Mizrahi Jews]] who believe the tomb is the burial place of Rabbi [[Gamaliel II|Gamaliel of Yavne]].<ref name="Petersen2002">[[Leo Aryeh Mayer|Mayer]] et al., (1950:22) Cited in {{cite book|title=A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ux_2wXFXYewC&pg=PA313|first1=Andrew|last1=Petersen|year=2002|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-727011-0 |page=313 }}</ref><ref name=DoronBar/> Jewish worshippers say that it was a Jewish burial site that was Islamized later, although there is no record of Jewish pilgrimage there before 1948.<ref name=GideonBar>{{cite journal |author= Gideon Bar |title= Reconstructing the past: The creation of Jewish sacred space in the State of Israel, 1948–1967 |journal= Israel Studies |year= 2008 |volume= 13 |number= 3 |pages= 1–21 |doi= 10.2979/ISR.2008.13.3.1 |s2cid= 144598350 }}</ref>

====British Mandate====
[[File:יבנה - בנין הישיבה הגדולה "כרם ביבנה"-JNF040332.jpeg|thumb|The "Kerem B'Yavneh" [[yeshiva]],  1945]]
In mid-March 1948, a contingent of Iraqi soldiers moved into the village. In a [[Haganah]] reprisal on 30 March, two dozen villagers were killed. On April 21, the Iraqi village commander was arrested in [[Jaffa]] for drunkenly shooting two Arabs.<ref>{{cite book |last=Morris |first=Benny |author-link=Benny Morris |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited |year=2004 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=[[Cambridge]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA259 |page=259|isbn=978-0-521-00967-6 }}</ref>

During the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, residents of [[Zarnuqa]] sought refuge in Yibna, but left after the villagers accused them of being traitors.<ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Morris |first=Benny |author-link=Benny Morris |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited |year=2004 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=[[Cambridge]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA258 |pages=258–259|isbn=978-0-521-00967-6 }}</ref>

On 27 May, following the fall of [[Al-Qubayba, Ramle|Al-Qubayba]] and [[Zarnuqa]], most of the population of Yibna fled to [[Isdud]], but armed males were refused entry. On 5 June, when Israeli troops arrived, they found the village almost deserted apart from a few old people who were ordered to leave.<ref name="auto"/>

In the 1930s, a plan was proposed to rebuild the ancient Talmudic academy founded by Yochanan Ben Zakkai. In 1941, an agreement was reached between the [[Jewish National Fund]] and the Mizrachi/Hapoel Mizrachi movements, allocating five hundred dunams in Yavne area for a yeshiva.  In 1948, the building was used as a forward post by [[Yigal Alon]], commander of the  southern front, because of its commanding view of the coastal plain.<ref>[https://www.kby.org/english/history/ Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh]</ref>

===Foundation of Modern Yavne===
[[File:1112-14-Yavne-1958.jpg|thumb|Yavne in 1958. The site of [[Yibna]] shown in ruins. The [[Ma'abarot|Ma'bara]] (development town) lies north of the ruins]]
[[File:Yavne water park.JPG|thumb|Yavne water park]]
Yavne was established in October 1948 as a [[Maabarot|transit camp]] for [[Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries|Jews from Arab countries, Iran]] and Europe. The first neighbourhood was established in early 1949. In the early years, the inhabitants were shopkeepers, farmers and construction workers. In 1953, the population was 1,600. In the 1960s, several enterprises moved from Tel Aviv to Yavne, establishing  leather, textile, and metallurgy industries. By 1970, the population had grown to 10,100.<ref name=tale>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6SjfDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA47|title = Green Neighbourhoods and Eco-gentrification: A Tale of Two Countries|isbn = 978-3-030-38036-6|last1 = Machline|first1 = Elise|last2 = Pearlmutter|first2 = David|last3 = Schwartz|first3 = Moshe|last4 = Pech|first4 = Pierre|date = 25 April 2020| publisher=Springer }}</ref> Other Israeli villages were founded on Yibna land were [[Kfar HaNagid]] and [[Beit Gamliel]] in 1949, [[Ben Zakai]] in 1950, [[Kfar Aviv]] (originally: "Kfar HaYeor") in 1951, [[Tzofiyya]] in 1955.<ref>Khalidi, 1992, p. 423</ref> According to [[Walid Khalidi]], a railroad crosses the village. The old mosque and [[minaret]], together with a [[Mausoleum of Abu Huraira|shrine]] can still be seen, and some of the old houses are inhabited by Jewish and Arab families.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}{{clarify|reason=The Crusader church on the tell, well preserved due to it being transformed into a mosque, was blown up by the army after the war and only the minaret remains. What mosque is Khalidi talking about? The "shrine" must be the Mausoleum of Abu Huraira. |date=September 2021}}

The 1980 edition of a guidebook published in Jerusalem describes Yavne as home to Israel's first atomic reactor, an image of which appeared on a 0.50 Shekel stamp.<ref>[[Zev Vilnay|Vilnay, Zev]] (First edition 1955) ''Israel Guide''. Daf-Chen Press Ltd, Jerusalem. Twenty-second edition - 1980. p.254</ref>

When Mayor [[Meir Sheetrit]] assumed office in 1974, the city became a low-density suburban satellite of Tel Aviv with new construction targeting middle-class families. Yavne achieved city status in 1986. By the mid-1990s, the population had risen to 25,600.<ref name=tale/>

==Demography==
[[File:Yavne Rail.JPG|thumb|right|[[Yavne East Railway Station|Yavne East railway station]]]]
According to the [[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]] (CBS), in 2021 the ethnic makeup of the city was 99 percent [[Israeli Jews|Jewish]] and others, without significant [[Arab citizens of Israel|Arab]] population.<ref name="cbs.gov.il 2021">{{cite web | title=Regional Statistics | website=cbs.gov.il | date=2021 | url=https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/Settlements/Pages/default.aspx | access-date=2023-05-07}}</ref>  As of March 2021 the city numbered 53,595 persons, with a high percentage of young people: 37% of the population was in the 0–19 age group and 71% of the total population was younger than 44.<ref name="cbs.gov.il 2021"/><ref>{{cite web | title=Population Census 2008: Yavne| website=cbs.gov.il | date=2017-01-18 | url=https://boardsgenerator.cbs.gov.il/Resources/Mifkad/profiles/rep_e_2660000000000.pdf | ref=none | access-date=2023-05-07}}</ref>
[[File:Yavne 736.jpg|thumb|right|Synagogue in Yavne]]

==Economy==
Major companies based in Yavne include [[Ormat Industries]], [[Aeronautics Defense Systems Ltd|Aeronautics Defense Systems]], Avisar and [[Orbotech]].
In 2019, [[Merck Group|Merck]] established an incubator in Yavne with a budget of about €20 million over three years that will invest in startups focusing on semiconductor and display crystal technologies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/german-drugmaker-merck-sets-up-israel-incubator-to-tap-into-chip-sensor-tech/|title=German drugmaker Merck sets up Israel incubator to tap into chip, sensor tech|first=Shoshanna|last=Solomon|website=[[The Times of Israel]] |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> In 2022 [[Recipharm]] established a new facility in Yavne.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.myavne.co.il/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9D-%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%9A-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94|title=מפעל רסיפארם ישראל נחנך ביבנה}}</ref> MediWound manufactures [[NexoBrid]] in Yavne, a unique product for the treatment of severe burns.<ref name=limb>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/innovative-treatment-helps-family-severely-burned-when-hamas-set-their-home-on-fire/ "Innovative treatment helps family severely burned when Hamas set their home on fire"]. Renee Ghert-Zand for [[The Times of Israel]], 19 Jan 2024 (posted & retrieved).</ref> It allows saving affected tissue which would otherwise need to be removed, leading to less amputations of hands and feet.<ref name=limb/> Many [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel|October 7, 2023]] victims have benefitted from it, with the US also buying $20 million worth of NexoBrid for its strategic national stockpile.<ref name=limb/>

In 2012 a new green neighborhood "Neot Rabin" was inaugurated in the south of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myavne.co.il/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99-%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94-%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99-%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%93-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7-%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9F-%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94|title=פינוי אשפה פנאומאטי - צעד ירוק למען הסביבה ביבנה והסביבה - פורטל יבנה שלי|website=www.myavne.co.il}}</ref>

==Sports==
[[Maccabi Yavne F.C.|Maccabi Yavne]] is the city's major football club. During the 1980s the club played in the top division and in 1985 won the [[Toto Cup]]. Today they are in [[Liga Leumit]]. The basketball team, [[Elitzur Yavne B.C.|Elitzur Yavne]], have also played in the [[Liga Leumit (basketball)]] since 2007.

Omri Casspi, the first Israeli to play in the National Basketball Association, grew up in the city and played for some of its teams.<ref>[https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/omri-casspi-is-ready-for-primetime Casspi is ready for primetime]</ref>

==Archaeology==
Tel Yavne was first excavated in 2005 in a dig headed by [[Dan Bahat]], who unearthed the gate room of the Crusader castle of Ibelin, as well as a vault destroyed with gunpowder by the [[Mamluk Egypt|Mamluks]] and deeply embedded Crusader walls east of it, all at or around the top of the tell.<ref>Fischer and Taxel (2007), p.254</ref>

In December 2019, a large number of pottery kilns and 1,200-year-old gold coins which may have been a Palestinian potter's "[[piggy bank]]" were unearthed in a [[jug]]let by the [[Israel Colonized Antiquities Authority|Israeli Antiquities Authority]]. According to archaeologist Robert Kool, the coins date back to the early [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid period]], about 9th century CE. One of the seven coins was minted by Caliph [[Harun al-Rashid]] (786–809 CE). "These are gold dinars issued by the [[Aghlabids|Aghlabid dynasty]] that ruled in North Africa. Without a doubt this is a wonderful [[Hanukkah]] present for us," said Kool.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Archaeologists find hoard of Islamic coins in Israel: 'It's like a Hanukkah present'|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-hanukkah-archaeologists-hoard-islamic-coins-israel-north-africa-caliph-haroun-a-rashid-1.8328698|access-date=2020-08-08|newspaper=Haaretz|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Trove of 1,200-year-old 'Arabian Nights' gold coins uncovered in Israel|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/culture/trove-of-1200-year-old-arabian-nights-gold-coins-uncovered-in-israel-612471|access-date=2020-08-08|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> In August 2020, Israeli archaeologists discovered 425 complete gold coins, most dating to the Abbasid period around 1,100 years ago.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Youth volunteers uncover hundreds of ancient gold coins in Israel|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/ancient-coins-1.5698678|access-date=2020-08-08|agency=[[CBC News]]|language=en}}</ref> In April 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of a 1,600-year-old multicolored [[mosaic]] dated back to the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine period]] in an industrial area. According to [[Israel Antiquities Authority|IAA]] archaeologist Elie Haddad, it was the first time that excavators revealed a colored mosaic floor in Yavne.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jack Guy|title=Archaeologists uncover 1,600-year-old mosaic in Israel|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/ancient-mosaic-israel-scli-intl/index.html|access-date=2021-05-04|publisher=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1,600-year-old multicolored mosaic with geometric motifs uncovered in Yavne|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/1600-year-old-multicolored-mosaic-with-geometric-motifs-uncovered-in-yavne/|access-date=2021-05-04|website=Times of Israel|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gershon|first=Livia|title=Colorful, 1,600-Year-Old Mosaic Adorned With Geometric Patterns Found in Israel|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/colorful-ancient-mosaic-found-israel-180977590/|access-date=2021-05-04|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}</ref>

The ancient harbour of Yavne, [[Yavne-Yam]] (in Arabic ''Minet Rubin'') was  identified on the coast. Excavations have revealed fortification going back to the [[Bronze Age]] [[Hyksos]].<ref name="NegevGibson"/> It was in use from the Middle Bronze Age until the 12th century CE, when it was abandoned.<ref name="JM">{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishmag.com/98mag/yavnehyam/yavnehyam.htm|title=Archeology in Israel - Yavne Yam}}</ref> {{bibleverse|2|Maccabees|12:8-9|NRSV}} refers to the burning of the harbour and its fleet on the direction of [[Judas Maccabeus]].

In 2022, a [[sling bullet]] was discovered with the Greek inscription "Victory of Heracles and Hauronas", the two gods were the patrons of the city during the [[Hellenistic period]].<ref>[https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/archeology/1670513696-2-200-year-old-sling-bullet-discovered-in-israel 2,200-year-old Greek sling bullet discovered in Israel]</ref>

[[File:TelJavne030.jpg|thumb|Mamluk minaret, Yavne]]

==Notable people==
* [[Avior Byron]] (born 1973), singer, songwriter, and musicologist
* [[Omri Casspi]] (born 1988), Israeli professional NBA basketball player
* [[Itai Chammah]] (born 1985), Olympic swimmer
* [[Gil Dor]], guitar player
* [[Elishay Kadir]] (born 1987), basketball player
* [[Uri Kokia]] (born 1981), basketball player and coach
* [[Shlomi Koriat]] (born 1976), actor and comedian
* [[Maor Melikson]], footballer
* [[Nevo Mizrahi]] (born 1987), footballer 
* [[Mushail Mushailov]], artist
* [[Ido Nehoshtan]], [[Major-General]] (ret.), former chief of [[Israeli Air Force]]
* [[Shabak Samech]], rap and hip-hop group
* [[Meir Sheetrit]] (born 1948), Israeli Minister of the Interior

==Sister cities==
Yavne is [[List of twin towns and sister cities in Israel|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Le Raincy]], [[France]]
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Speyer]], [[Germany]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Sunrise, Florida]], [[United States]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[East Brunswick, New Jersey]], [[United States]]

==See also==
*[[Archaeology of Israel]]
*[[Economy of Israel]]
*[[Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.yavne.muni.il/ Municipal website]
*{{Cite Jewish Encyclopedia|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8375-jabneh|article=Jabneh}}
*[http://www.bib-arch.org/bar/article.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=37&Issue=1&ArticleID=11 Yavneh Yields Over a Hundred Philistine Cult Stands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531101713/http://www.bib-arch.org/bar/article.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=37&Issue=1&ArticleID=11 |date=2012-05-31 }} Biblical Archaeology Review
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Jamnia|short=x}}
*[http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1705&mag_id=118 2008 salvage excavation report], Orit Segal at Excavations and Surveys in Israel, 5 July 2011. Accessed 22 Feb 2017.

{{Center District (Israel)}}
{{Largest Israeli cities}}
{{Crusader sites}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Yavne| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Central District (Israel)]]
[[Category:Cities in Israel]]
[[Category:Development towns]]
[[Category:Hebrew Bible cities]]
[[Category:Talmud places]]
[[Category:Ancient Jewish settlements of Judaea]]
[[Category:Canaanite cities]]
[[Category:Tells (archaeology)]]
[[Category:1949 establishments in Israel]]
[[Category:Salome I]]
[[Category:Livia]]
[[Category:Roman sites in Israel]]