View source for Ydre Municipality

{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Ydre Municipality
| native_name             = ''Ydre kommun''<!-- If different from name -->
| native_name_lang        = sv<!-- ISO 639-2 code, e.g. "sv" for Swedish. -->
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities of Sweden|Municipality]]
| image_skyline           = Nature reserve Norra Vi.jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_seal              = 
| seal_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Ydre vapen.svg
| shield_size             = 120x80px
| image_map               = Ydre Municipality in Östergötland County.png
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|57|50|N|15|16|E|region:SE_type:adm2nd|display=title,inline}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = Sweden
| subdivision_type1       = [[Counties of Sweden|County]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Östergötland County]]
| established_title       = <!-- Established -->
| established_date        = 
| seat_type               = [[Administrative centre|Seat]]
| seat                    = [[Österbymo]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_name             = 
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes          = {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}}
| area_total_km2          = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=total|municipality=Ydre Municipality}}
| area_land_km2           = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=land|municipality=Ydre Municipality}}
| area_water_km2          = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=water|municipality=Ydre Municipality}}
| area_water_percent      = 
| area_note               = Area as of {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}.
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}}
| population_total        = {{Population Swedish municipality|municipality=Ydre Municipality}}
| population_as_of        = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Provinces of Sweden|Province]]
| blank_info_sec1         = [[Östergötland]]
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[Kommunkod|Municipal code]]
| blank1_info_sec1        = 0512
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:SE|SE<!--??-->]]
| website                 = [http://www.ydre.se www.ydre.se]<!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Ydre Municipality''' ({{langx|sv|Ydre kommun}}) is a [[Municipalities of Sweden|municipality]] in [[Östergötland County]], southeast [[Sweden]]. The municipal seat is located in the town of [[Österbymo]].

The municipality was created through the local government reform of 1952, when six former entities were united. The name was taken from the old '''Ydre Hundred'''. Its area remained unchanged by the reform of 1971.

The name Ydre, which was formerly applied to most of the area around Sommen, is interpreted to mean "place of [[Taxus baccata|yews]]".<ref name=ortnamnlexiko2003-375>{{cite book |last1=Wahlberg |first1=Mats |title=Svensk ortnamnslexikon |date=2003 |publisher=Språk- och folkminnesinstitutet |location=Uppsala |isbn=91-7229-020-X |page=375 |url=https://www.sprakochfolkminnen.se/download/18.5850f85e15732ead0b325e/1529494467246/Svenskt%20ortnamnslexikon.pdf |access-date=April 30, 2019 |language=sv |archive-date=August 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807001456/http://www.sprakochfolkminnen.se/download/18.5850f85e15732ead0b325e/1529494467246/Svenskt%20ortnamnslexikon.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Two localities in particular appear to be further associated with yews these are [[Idhult]] and [[Idebo]].<ref name=ortnamnlexiko2003-375/>

==Localities==
There are 3 [[Urban areas in Sweden|urban area]]s (also called a tätort or locality) in Ydre Municipality.

In the table the localities are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2005. The municipal seat is in bold characters.

{| class="wikitable"
! # !! Locality !! Population
|-
| 1 || '''[[Österbymo]]''' || 873
|-
| 2 || [[Hestra, Ydre|Hestra]] || 490
|-
| 3 || [[Rydsnäs]] || 304
|}

Other localities include [[Sund, Ydre|Sund]], [[Torpa, Ydre|Torpa]], [[Norra Vi]], [[Asby, Sweden|Asby]], [[Rönnäs]], [[Svinhult]] and [[Ydrefors]].

==Demographics==
This is a demographic table based on Ydre Municipality's electoral districts in the [[2022 Swedish general election]] sourced from [[Swedish Television|SVT]]'s election platform, in turn taken from [[Statistiska Centralbyrån|SCB]] official statistics.<ref name=YdreVal2022>{{cite web|url=https://valresultat.svt.se/2022/riksdagsval-0512-ydre.html|title=Valresultat 2022 för Ydre i riksdagsvalet|publisher=[[Swedish Television|SVT]]|language=sv|date=11 September 2022|access-date=6 January 2024}}</ref>

In total there were 3,686 residents, including 2,903 Swedish citizens of voting age.<ref name=YdreVal2022/> 44.1% voted for the left coalition and 54.7% for the right coalition. Indicators are in percentage points except population totals and income.

{| role="presentation" class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="3" |Location
! {{tooltip|2=Number of residents in district, regardless of age or citizenship status|Residents}}
! {{tooltip|2=Swedish citizens above the age of 18, automatically eligible to vote|Citizen {{br}} adults}}
! {{tooltip|2=Social Democrats, Left Party, Centre Party, Green Party, %|Left vote}}
! {{tooltip|2=Sweden Democrats, Moderates, Christian Democrats, Liberals, %|Right vote}}
! {{tooltip|2=Defined by Statistiska Centralbyrån (SCB) as the share of people between the ages of 20 and 64 who are working taxpayers, %|Employed}}
! {{tooltip|2=Defined by Statistiska Centralbyrån (SCB) as residents born in Sweden with at least one Swedish-born parent, %|Swedish {{br}} parents}}
! {{tooltip|2=Defined by Statistiska Centralbyrån (SCB) as residents born abroad or in Sweden with two foreign-born parents, %|Foreign {{br}} heritage}}
! {{tooltip|2=Defined by Statistiska Centralbyrån (SCB) as the median income received monthly income through either employment, capital gains or social grants for the median adult above 20, also including pensioners in Swedish kronor|Income {{br}} [[Swedish kronor|SEK]]}}
! {{tooltip|2=Defined by Statistiska Centralbyrån (SCB) as any degree accumulated after high school, %|Degree}}
|-
!
! 
! style="background:{{party color|Swedish Social Democratic Party}};color:#FFFFFF;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Moderate Party}};color:#FFFFFF;" |
! 
! 
! 
! 
! 
|-
! data-sort-type="number" | 
! data-sort-type="number" | 
! data-sort-type="number" | %
! data-sort-type="number" | %
! data-sort-type="number" | 
! data-sort-type="number" | 
! data-sort-type="number" | 
! data-sort-type="number" | 
! data-sort-type="number" | 
|-
| align="left" |Asby
| 520
| 421
| 41.0
| 58.5
| 87
| 93
| 7
| 25,974
| 30
|-
| align="left" |Sund-Svinhult-N Vi
| 1,527
| 1,166
| 43.9
| 55.0
| 80
| 84
| 16
| 22,764
| 29
|-
| align="left" |Torpa
| 999
| 791
| 48.7
| 49.4
| 84
| 94
| 6
| 26,208
| 34
|-
| align="left" |Västra Ryd
| 640
| 525
| 40.1
| 59.0
| 84
| 87
| 13
| 23,894
| 33
|-
| colspan="10" align="left" |Source: [[Sveriges Television|SVT]]<ref name=YdreVal2022/>
|}

==Climate and vegetation==
[[File:Naturreservat Torpon.jpg|thumb|left|View from Torpön naturresevat in the southern tip of Torpön, April 2019.]]
{{see also|Sarmatic mixed forests}}
Relative to other areas of southern Sweden Ydre stands out for its low precipitation and low humidity.<ref name=sodra2015>{{cite report |chapter=4. östra Götalands sprickdals- och eklandskap |date=2015 |title=Skogliga naturvärdesregioner för södra Sverige |trans-title=Forest biodiversity regions in southern Sweden |url=http://skogscertifiering.se/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Naturv%C3%A4rdesregioner_Rapport-S%C3%B6dra-Skogs%C3%A4garna.pdf |publisher=Södra |page=66 |language=sv |archive-date=2018-04-23 |access-date=2019-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423035422/http://skogscertifiering.se/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Naturv%C3%A4rdesregioner_Rapport-S%C3%B6dra-Skogs%C3%A4garna.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The rainiest months of the years are September followed by July and August. Each of these months had a precipitation of c. 70&nbsp;mm. The driest months are February and March, with 35&nbsp;mm each.{{efn-ua|Precipitation is given for [[Norra Vi]] 1961–1990.<ref name=natprov/>}} The hottest months are July, Juni and August averaging 14–15&nbsp;°C. The coldest months are January and February with about -4&nbsp;°C.<ref name=natprov>{{cite report |date=2017 |title=Nätprovfiske i Sommen 2016 |url=http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1205926/FULLTEXT01.pdf|language=sv |publisher=Länsstyrelsen Jönköping |series=Meddelande |access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref>{{efn-ua|Temperatures are given for [[Malexander]] 1961–1990.<ref name=natprov/>}} The climate is expected to become warmer and drier in future.<ref name=natprov/>

The [[growing season]] around Sommen is of about 216 days with 2614 [[degree day]]s.<ref name=larsetal2005>{{cite journal |last1=Larsson |first1=S. |last2=Forseth |first2=T. |last3=Berglund |first3=I.|last4=Jensen |first4=A.J.|last5=Näslund |first5=I. |last6=Elliott |first6=J.M.|last7=Jonsson |first7=B.|date=2005 |title=Thermal adaptation of Arctic charr: experimental studiesof growth in eleven charr populations from Sweden, Norway and Britain |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229589055 |journal=[[Freshwater Biology]] |volume=50 |issue= 2|pages=353–368 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01326.x |access-date=June 10, 2019}}</ref> The vegetation in Ydre is mostly dominated by [[pinus sylvestris|pine]] and [[Picea abies|spruce]] forest. [[Temperate deciduous forest|Broad-leaf forest]] and [[agriculture in Sweden|open agricultural fields]] can also be found at some locations.<ref name=vattenorg>{{cite report |title=Sommen |url=https://www.vattenorganisationer.se/motalasodra/downloads/36/Forenklat_Sommenblad.pdf |publisher=vattenorganisationer.se |access-date=April 20, 2019 |language=sv }}</ref> In particular the southern shores of lake Sommen contain more lush vegetation and broad-leaf forest than the northern side, which has more cliffs and contiguous pine forests.<ref name=Hellgren1960>{{cite book |last1=Hellgren |first1=George |title=Ydre-Boken |date=1960 |location=Linköping |pages=86–91|chapter=Något om växtligheten i Ydre|editor-last=Filén|editor-first=Thure|language=sv}}</ref> The rare and endangered flower ''[[Anthericum liliago]]'' can be found along the lake's rocky shores.<ref name=sommennatsom>{{cite web |title=Om naturum |url=http://sommen-naturum.se/om%20sommen.html |website=sommen-naturum.se |publisher=Naturum Sommen |access-date=April 20, 2019|language=sv}}</ref><ref name=storsandliljaartdata>{{cite web |title=Anthericum liliago Stor sandlilja |url=http://artfakta.artdatabanken.se/taxon/61 |website=Artdatabanken |publisher=[[Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences]] |access-date=May 2, 2019|language=sv}}</ref> This is one of the northernmost locales where it grows.<ref name=storsandliljaartdata/>

In Torpön island grows Sweden's largest [[Ulmus glabra|wych elm]] and at [[Asby, Sweden|Asby]], a few kilometers from the southern shores grows Sweden's thickest [[Picea abies|spruce]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ydre.se/turism/segora/storatrad.4.548e62af1215e34a249800051857.html |title=Stora träd i Ydre |website=ydre.se |publisher=Ydre kommun |access-date=April 20, 2019 |language=sv |archive-date=July 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723202520/https://www.ydre.se/turism/segora/storatrad.4.548e62af1215e34a249800051857.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The name [[Ydre]], which was formerly applied to most of the area around Sommen, is interpreted to mean "place of [[Taxus baccata|yews]]".<ref name=ortnamnlexiko2003-375/> One locality in particular appears to be further associated with yews. This is [[Idebo]] along Norra Vifjärden.<ref name=ortnamnlexiko2003-375/>{{efn-ua|Also, about 33 km east of Sommen there is a locality named [[Idhult]], probably also linked to yews.<ref name=ortnamnlexiko2003-375/>}}

Some plants usually associated to [[carbonate rock]] areas appears as rarities near Sommen, since there are no known carbonate rock [[outcrop]]s in the area. The plants are ''[[Vicia|Vicia pisiformis]]'' and the [[Orchidaceae|orchids]] ''[[Ophrys|Ophrys myoides]]'', ''[[Malaxis|Malaxis monophyllos]]'',  ''[[Herminium monorchis]]''.<ref name=Hellgren1960/>{{efn-ua|''[[Vicia|Vicia pisiformis]]'' can be found in carbonate-rich areas in [[Kolmården]] and [[Kinnekulle]], while the said orchids are best known in Sweden from calcium-rich fens in [[Gotland]] and [[Öland]].<ref name=Hellgren1960/>}}

==History==
===Trolls, jättar and Christianization===
There are various tales of [[jötunn|jättar]] and [[troll]]s opposing the spread of Christianity in Ydre.<ref name=nykristet>{{cite book |last1=Filén |first1=Thure|chapter=När Ydre blev kristet och de första kyrkorna byggdes |title=Ydreboken |date=1960|language=sv|pages=147–160}}</ref> Likely church building followed a tradition that "the king" should begin the building, and then the local populace finish it. This was later codified in [[Östgötalagen]].<ref name=nykristet/> It is not known when the first churches around the lake were built. For comparison, the church in nearby [[Tidersrum]] was built in 1300, and [[Leonhard Fredrik Rääf]] asserts that the church in [[Sund, Ydre|Sund]] was built in the 12th century.<ref name=nykristet/>{{efn-ua|This church is described by Rääf as having stone arches, however it burned down in arson in 1631 and was rebuilt shortly afterward.<ref name=nykristet/>}}

===Reformation and wars===
{{See also|Dacke War}}
As [[Nils Dacke]]'s and his army advanced north through Ydre in 1542, local priests from Sund and Asby, and the populace in general, welcomed the rebellion as they were rejected church reforms imposed on them by [[Gustav Vasa]].<ref name=Filen1960dacke>{{cite book |last1=Filén |first1=Thure |title=Ydre-Boken |date=1960 |location=Linköping |pages=167–170|chapter=Om Dackefejden och då kyrkoherdarna i Sund och Norra Vi predikade uppror mot kungen|editor-last=Filén|editor-first=Thure|language=sv}}</ref> In particular, the priest of [[Sund, Ydre|Sund]] and [[Norra Vi]] preached uprising.<ref name=Filen1960dacke/> However local aristocrat [[Måns Johansson]] [[Natt och Dag]] who owned the [[Manorialism|manor]] of Ringshult{{efn-ua|Later the manor was renamed Liljeholmen and while it belonged once to the Ydre hundred it is now within of [[Boxholm Municipality]].}} sided with the king despite having a troublesome relation to him. He was put in charge of an army to suppress the rebellion.<ref name=Filen1960b>{{cite book |last1=Filén |first1=Thure |title=Ydre-Boken |date=1960 |location=Linköping |pages=274–275|chapter=Liljeholmen|editor-last=Filén|editor-first=Thure|language=sv}}</ref> As Dacke's troops continued their advance north reaching as far as [[Mjölby]] the area around lake Sommen was spared from war. Skirmishes did occur near Kisa, tens of kilometers northeast of Sommen.<ref name=Filen1960dacke/> Unrest in Ydre continued well after the death of Dacke and ended only after Gustav Vasa sent a force of 400 men to pacify the [[Hundreds of Sweden|hundred]].<ref name=Filen1960dacke/>

Despite earlier defense of Catholicism at the [[Uppsala Synod]] in 1593 church representatives from Ydre voted to adopt the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran creed]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Filén |first1=Thure|chapter=När ärkebiskop Abraham Angermannus höll räfst i Eksjö med Ydreborna |title=Ydreboken |date=1960|language=sv|pages=171–172}}</ref>

==Sights==
[[File:Torpakyrka.jpg|thumb|The Church of [[Torpa, Ydre|Torpa]]]]
At least two churches have [[medieval]] foundation: The ''Church of Asby'' in Asby, and the ''Church of Torpa'' on the countryside. There is also an attractive church from the 18th century, ''Church of Norra Vi'', located just by the lake [[Sommen]].

Another tourist attraction is [[Naturum Sommen]] in Torpön Island, a [[visitor center]] and [[natural history museum]].<ref name=SVT2014>{{cite news |last1=Ahl |first1=Fredrik |title=Naturum Sommen räddas |url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/ost/naturrum-sommen-raddas |work=[[Sveriges Television|SVT]] |date=February 27, 2014|access-date=April 21, 2019|language=sv}}</ref><ref name=sommennat>{{cite web |title=Om naturum |url=http://sommen-naturum.se/om%20naturum.html |website=sommen-naturum.se |publisher=Naturum Sommen |access-date=April 20, 2019|language=sv}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Ydre Hundred]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist-ua}}

==References==
*[http://www.scb.se Statistics Sweden]
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.ydre.se/ Ydre Municipality] - Official site

{{Geographic location
 | Centre = Ydre
 | N  = [[Boxholm Municipality|Boxholm]]
 | NE = [[Kinda Municipality|Kinda]]
 | SE = [[Vimmerby Municipality|Vimmerby]] ([[Kalmar County|Kalmar]])
 | S  = [[Eksjö Municipality|Eksjö]] ([[Jönköping County|Jönköping]])
 | W  = [[Aneby Municipality|Aneby]] ([[Jönköping County|Jönköping]])
 | NW = [[Tranås Municipality|Tranås]] ([[Jönköping County|Jönköping]])
}}
{{Östergötland County}}
{{Localities in Ydre Municipality}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Ydre Municipality| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Östergötland County]]