View source for Yurikamome

{{Short description|Automated guideway transit line in Tokyo, Japan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}{{Infobox rail line
| box_width                       = 
| name                            = Yurikamome
| color                           = 0065A6
| logo                            = Yurikamome line symbol.svg
| logo_width                      = 50px
| native_name                     = 新交通ゆりかもめ
| native_name_lang                = ja
| other_name                      = U
| image                           = Yurikamome Series7300-7381F.jpg
| caption                         = A Yurikamome train in January 2025
| type                            = [[Automated guideway transit]]
| system                          = 
| status                          = 
| locale                          = [[Tokyo]], Japan
| start                           = {{STN|Shimbashi|x}}
| end                             = {{STN|Toyosu|x}}
| stations                        = 16
| routes                          = 
| daily_ridership                 = 125,000 (FY 2023)<ref name="yurikamome.co.jp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.yurikamome.co.jp/company/about.html |access-date=2025-04-18|title=会社概要 |publisher=YURIKAMOME Inc.}}</ref>
| open                            = 1 November 1995<ref name="yurikamome.co.jp" />
| close                           = 
| owner                           = {{Unbulleted indent list
  | Yurikamome, Inc. (direct)
  | Tokyo Rinkai Holdings, Inc. (indirect)
  | [[Tokyo Metropolitan Government]] (ultimate)
  }}
| operator                        = Yurikamome, Inc.
| character                       = 
| depot                           = Ariake
| stock                           = 7300 series, 7500 series<br />{{nowrap|(6-car trains)}}
| linelength                      = {{cvt|14.7|km}}
| tracklength                     = 
| tracks                          = [[Double-track railway|2]]
| gauge                           = 
| electrification                 = [[Third rail|Conductor rail]], 600&nbsp;V 50&nbsp;Hz AC
| speed                           = {{cvt|60|km/h}}
| elevation                       = 
| website                         = {{URL|yurikamome.co.jp}}
| map                             = {{switcher
  | [[File:Yurikamome route map2020.svg|250px]]
  | Show static map
  | {{Yurikamome RDT}}
  | Show route diagram
  }}
}}

{{Nihongo foot|'''New Transit Yurikamome'''|新交通ゆりかもめ|Shinkōtsū Yurikamome|lead=yes|group=lower-alpha|post=,}} formerly the {{Nihongo foot|'''Tokyo Waterfront New Transit Waterfront Line'''|東京臨海新交通臨海線|Tōkyō Rinkai Shinkōtsū Rinkai-sen|group=lower-alpha|post=,}} is an [[automated guideway transit]] service in [[Tokyo]]. It connects {{STN|Shimbashi|x}} to {{STN|Toyosu|x}} via the [[artificial island]] of [[Odaiba]], a corridor in which it competes with the [[Rinkai Line]]. It is operated by ''Yurikamome, Inc.'', a third-sector subsidiary of ''Tokyo Rinkai Holdings, Inc.'' (TRHC), which itself is funded by the [[Tokyo Metropolitan Government]], the largest shareholder of TRHC.<ref name="jptimes">{{Cite web |title=Unmanned Tokyo transit line remains shut down |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2006/04/16/national/unmanned-tokyo-transit-line-remains-shut-down/#.XsxDtzpKijU |date=2006-04-16 |website=The Japan Times |access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref>

The line is named after the [[black-headed gull]] (''yurikamome'' in Japanese),<ref name="Developing Metros">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1xPAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Yurikamome%22+-wikipedia |title=Developing Metros |publisher=Transport Press |year=1996 |page=6 |issn=0268-5590 |oclc=12264501}}</ref> a common denizen of [[Tokyo Bay]] and the official metropolitan bird.<ref name="metro_bird">{{Cite web |title=Tokyo's Symbols |url=https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/ENGLISH/ABOUT/APPENDIX/appendix07.htm |website=Tokyo Metropolitan Government |access-date=2020-05-25 |archive-date=1 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401150643/https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/ENGLISH/ABOUT/APPENDIX/appendix07.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==
The line was one of two constructed to transport people into the Rinkai subcenter, the other being the [[Rinkai Line]]. The Rinkai subcenter was planned to be the seventh subcenter of Tokyo as far back as 1979. In April 1989, the subcenter was projected to have 60,000 residents and 110,000 workers by the start of the 21st century. This plan was revised following the [[Lost Decades|collapse]] of the [[Japanese asset price bubble]]. The openings of the Yurikamome and the Rinkai Line in 1995 and 1996 were scheduled to be completed by the start of the {{Interlanguage link|World City Expo|ja|世界都市博覧会}} in 1996. However, the expo was cancelled by [[Yukio Aoshima]] in April 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-16 |title=パレットタウンも消滅へ お台場どうなる？ 再開発＆新地下鉄で挫折の歴史は報われるか - (2) |url=https://trafficnews.jp/post/109808|access-date=2025-08-01 |website=乗りものニュース |language=ja}}</ref> On 1 November 1995, the section between [[Shimbashi Station|Shimbashi]] and [[Ariake Station (Tokyo)|Ariake]] opened, using a temporary Shimbashi station. In the first few months of operation, [[ridership]] hovered around 27,000 passengers per day.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Iwata |first=Kazuaki |date=June 1998 |title=Tokyo's New Waterfront Transit System |url=https://www.ejrcf.or.jp/jrtr/jrtr16/pdf/f15_iwata.pdf|publisher=Japan Rail and Transport Review}}</ref>

In 1996, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government re-zoned [[Odaiba]] from purely business and residential to also permit entertainment zones. The island provided Tokyo with a livable seaside area, and within one year, ridership doubled to 60,000. As more restaurants, shopping malls, exhibition centers, and museums opened, traffic continued to grow.<ref name=":0" /> On 22 March 2001, the current Shimbashi Station opened, and the temporary station closed. [[Shiodome Station]] opened on 2 November 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2002 |title=鉄道発祥の地「汐留」に、新しい街と新しい駅－都営地下鉄大江戸線、新交通ゆりかもめ「汐留駅」１１月２日に開業－ |trans-title=A new town and a new station in Shiodome, the birthplace of railways: Toei Oedo Line, New Transit Yurikamome “Shiodome Station” Opens November 2nd |url=http://www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp/community/news/new/topics01-206.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021015162727fw_/http://www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp/community/news/new/topics01-206.htm |archive-date=15 October 2002 |access-date=7 August 2022 |website=kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp}}</ref> On 27 March 2006, the section between Ariake and [[Toyosu Station|Toyosu]] opened, and the stations adopted letter-and-number codes based on [[Tokyo Metro]].<ref name="terada2013">{{cite book |last=Terada |first=Hirokazu |date=19 January 2013 |publisher=Neko Publishing |isbn=978-4-7770-1336-4 |location=Japan |pages=216–220 |script-title=ja: データブック日本の私鉄 |trans-title=Databook: Japan's Private Railways}}</ref>

A plan to extend the line to [[Kachidoki Station]] had existed since at least 2000, although it was not included in the 2016 list of considered transit routes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-30 |title=「永遠に豊洲で止まっていただきたい」ゆりかもめ延伸計画が非業の末路に至った事情 |url=https://diamond.jp/articles/-/324945 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=ダイヤモンド・オンライン |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-22 |title=ゆりかもめ、豊洲の先どこへ行く？ 計画は人口増で白紙 東京湾岸エリアの状況背後に - (3) |url=https://trafficnews.jp/post/90519 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=乗りものニュース |language=ja}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
The Yurikamome is Tokyo's first fully automated and driverless transit system, controlled entirely by computers. However, the line is not the first fully driverless transit line in Japan, as the [[Nagoya Municipal Subway]] tested such systems in 1960, driverless technology was used during [[Expo '70]] and Kobe's automated [[Port Island Line]] opened in 1981.<ref name="WSJ">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2019 |title=Rubber-Tired Trains in City Transport |url=https://partners.wsj.com/mhi/2019/rubber-tired-trains-in-city-transport/ |access-date=2020-05-25 |website=The Wall Street Journal |publisher=Dow Jones & Company, Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-13 |title=鉄道の自動化､運転士より先に｢車掌｣が消える |url=https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/277845 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=東洋経済オンライン |language=ja}}</ref> 

=== Rolling stock ===
The line uses [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]] rubber-tired "[[Crystal Mover]]" technology.<ref name="mhi-crystal">{{cite web |year=2015 |title=Automated People Mover |url=http://www.mhi-global.com/products/category/automated_people_mover.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309031334/http://www.mhi-global.com/products/category/automated_people_mover.html |archive-date=9 March 2017 |access-date=29 September 2015 |publisher=Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.}}</ref> The trains run on [[Rubber-tyred metro|rubber-tired wheels]] along an elevated concrete track guided by the side walls.<ref name="WSJ" /> {{As of|2021|04|08}}, the following train types are used on the line, all formed as six-car sets.<ref name="jrrprivate2016">{{cite book |date=25 July 2016 |publisher=Kotsu Shimbunsha |isbn=978-4-330-70116-5 |location=Japan |page=79 |language=ja |script-title=ja: 私鉄車両編成表 2016 |trans-title=Private Railway Rolling Stock Formations - 2016}}</ref>

==== 7300 series ====
[[File:Yurikamome7310wiki.jpg|thumb|7300 series set 31 in November 2018]]
{{As of|2021||}}, eighteen 7300 series sets (31 to 48) are in service, formed as six-car sets as follows.<ref>{{Cite book |title=私鉄車両編成表2021 |date=16 July 2021 |publisher=Kotsu Shimbunsha |isbn=9784330032214 |location=Japan |pages=85 |language=ja |trans-title=Private Railway Vehicle Organization Table 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Car No. !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6
|- 
! Designation
| Mc1 || M2 || M3 || M4 || M5 || Mc6
|- 
! Numbering
| 7xx1 || 7xx2 || 7xx3 || 7xx4 || 7xx5 || 7xx6
|}

("xx" stands for the unit number.)

==== 7500 series ====
[[File:Yurikamome7500wiki.jpg|thumb|7500 series set 51 in November 2018]]
{{As of|2024|8|11}}, eight 7500 series sets (51 to 58) are in service, formed as six-car sets as below.<ref name="jrrprivate2016" /> In November 2020, delivery of the eight six-car sets was completed.<ref name="railwaygazette-20201113">{{cite news |date=13 November 2020 |title=Light metro cars bring a fresh breeze to Tokyo's waterfront |url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/vehicles/light-metro-cars-bring-a-fresh-breeze-to-tokyos-waterfront/57797.article |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728201229/https://www.railwaygazette.com/vehicles/light-metro-cars-bring-a-fresh-breeze-to-tokyos-waterfront/57797.article |archive-date=28 July 2021 |access-date=14 November 2020 |website=Railway Gazette}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Car No. !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6
|- 
! Designation
| Mc1 || M2 || M3 || M4 || M5 || Mc6
|- 
! Numbering
| 7xx1 || 7xx2 || 7xx3 || 7xx4 || 7xx5 || 7xx6
|}

("xx" stands for the unit number.)

[[File:Yurikamome-Jan2020.webm|thumb|thumbtime=3|Riding towards and into the Rainbow Bridge on the Yurikamome with several trains passing in the other direction, 2020]]

=== Stations ===
The letter "U" is used as the symbol for station numbers rather than "Y" for Yurikamome as this letter is already used as the acronym for the [[Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line|Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line]].

{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2"|No.
!rowspan="2"|Station
!colspan="2"|Distance
!rowspan="2"|Transfers
!rowspan="2"|Location
|-
!Between<br />stations
!Total
|-style="border-top:#0065A6 solid 3px;"
|{{YKSN|01|size=40}}
|{{stn|Shimbashi|x}}
|{{N/A}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|0|km}}
|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JT}} [[Tōkaidō Line]] (JT 02)
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]] (JY 29)
* {{JRLS|JK}} [[Keihin-Tōhoku Line]] (JK 24)
* {{JRLS|JO}} [[Yokosuka Line]] (JO 18)
* {{TSLS|G}} [[Tokyo Metro Ginza Line]] (G-08)
* {{TSLS|A}} [[Toei Asakusa Line]] (A-10)
}}
| rowspan="8" |[[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]]
|-
|{{YKSN|02|size=40}}
|{{stn|Shiodome|x}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|0.4|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|0.4|km}}
|{{TSLS|E}} [[Toei Ōedo Line]] (E-19)
|-
|{{YKSN|03|size=40}}
|{{stn|Takeshiba|x}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|1.2|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|1.6|km}}
|{{Ferry icon}} [[Tōkai Kisen|Ferries]] to [[Izu Islands]]
|-
|{{YKSN|04|size=40}}
|{{stn|Hinode|x|Tokyo}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|0.6|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|2.2|km}}
|
|-
|{{YKSN|05|size=40}}
|{{stn|Shibaura-futō|x}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|0.9|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|3.1|km}}
|
|-
| colspan="5" |<div class="center">[[File:BSicon uhKRZWae.svg|20px]]&nbsp;[[Rainbow Bridge (Tokyo)|Rainbow Bridge]] crossing</div>
|-
|{{YKSN|06|size=40}}
|{{stn|Odaiba-kaihinkōen|x}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|3.9|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|7.0|km}}
|{{RKLS|size=20}} [[Rinkai Line]] ({{stn|Tokyo Teleport|x}}: R-04)
|-
|{{YKSN|07|size=40}}
|{{stn|Daiba|x|Tokyo}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|0.8|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|7.8|km}}
|
|-
|{{YKSN|08|size=40}}
|{{stn|Tokyo International Cruise Terminal|x}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|0.6|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|8.4|km}}
|
|rowspan=9|[[Kōtō]]
|-
|{{YKSN|09|size=40}}
|{{stn|Telecom Center|x}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|0.8|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|9.2|km}}
|
|-
|{{YKSN|10|size=40}}
|{{stn|Aomi|x}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|1.0|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|10.2|km}}
|{{RKLS|size=20}} [[Rinkai Line]] ({{stn|Tokyo Teleport|x}}: R-04)
|-
|{{YKSN|11|size=40}}
|{{stn|Tokyo Big Sight|x}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|1.1|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|11.3|km}}
|
|-
|{{YKSN|12|size=40}}
|{{stn|Ariake|x|Tokyo}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|0.7|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|12.0|km}}
|{{Plainlist|
* {{RKLS|size=20}} [[Rinkai Line]] ({{stn|Kokusai-Tenjijō|x}}: R-03)
* {{Bus icon}} [[Tokyo BRT]] (Kokusai-Tenjijō: B-05)
}}
|-
|{{YKSN|13|size=40}}
|{{stn|Ariake-Tennis-no-mori|x}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|0.7|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|12.7|km}}
|
|-
|{{YKSN|14|size=40}}
|{{stn|Shijō-mae|x}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|0.8|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|13.5|km}}
|
|-
|{{YKSN|15|size=40}}
|{{stn|Shin-toyosu|x}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|0.5|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|14.0|km}}
|
|-
|{{YKSN|16|size=40}}
|{{stn|Toyosu|x}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|0.7|km}}
|align="right"|{{cvt|14.7|km}}
|{{TSLS|Y}} [[Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line]] (Y-22)
|}

== Ridership ==
Ridership on the line peaked at over 200,000 daily boardings in 2000,<ref>{{cite web |title=東京臨海新交通 ゆりかもめ メディアロッカー |trans-title=Tokyo Rinkai New Transit Yurikamome Media Locker |url=http://www.fmn-inc.co.jp/project/pdf/FPLL_yurikamome.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103055147/http://www.fmn-inc.co.jp/project/pdf/FPLL_yurikamome.pdf |archive-date=3 November 2006 |access-date=8 August 2011 |website=Field Media Network |publisher=Fmn-inc.co.jp}}</ref> but declined substantially by 2004 as the [[Rinkai Line]], which opened a year after the Yurikamome, expanded further into the waterfront area and offered lower fares. Between 2004 and 2006, four new stations were added, which raised ridership slightly. As of 2023, daily ridership is roughly 97% of pre-pandemic levels, with patronage shifting to the eastern end of the line.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
!colspan="2"|Station
!2000 
!2004 
!2006 
!2019<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=移動等円滑化取組報告書（鉄道駅）(FY2019) |trans-title=Report on efforts to facilitate smooth travel (Railway stations) (2022) |url=https://www.yurikamome.co.jp/company/8a4eb834260b902cf4b312367e4f20b7.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803000012/http://www.yurikamome.co.jp/company/8a4eb834260b902cf4b312367e4f20b7.pdf |archive-date=3 August 2023 |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=ja}}</ref>
!2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=移動等円滑化取組報告書（鉄道駅）(FY2022) |trans-title=Report on efforts to facilitate smooth travel (Railway stations) |url=https://www.yurikamome.co.jp/company/405e9eb135177c2a32a7b184d6efd2ff.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401025901/https://www.yurikamome.co.jp/company/405e9eb135177c2a32a7b184d6efd2ff.pdf |archive-date=1 April 2024 |access-date=5 January 2025 |language=ja}}</ref>
!2023<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=移動等円滑化取組報告書（鉄道駅） |trans-title=Report on efforts to facilitate transportation, etc. (railway stations) |url=https://www.yurikamome.co.jp/company/021f0198ea51284f0f114f527ca8d939.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801152400/https://www.yurikamome.co.jp/company/021f0198ea51284f0f114f527ca8d939.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2024 |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=ja}}</ref>
|-
| U-01
|style="text-align:left"|[[Shimbashi Station|Shimbashi]] 
|94,217 
|63,791 
|58,824
|63,123
|44,343
|56,027
|-
| U-02
|style="text-align:left"|[[Shiodome Station|Shiodome]] 
|{{n/a}}
|7,500
|7,805
|8,755
|5,650
|7,463
|-
| U-03
|style="text-align:left"|[[Takeshiba Station|Takeshiba]] 
|4,681
|9,301
|4,701
|4,508
|4,126
|4,833
|-
| U-04
|style="text-align:left"|[[Hinode Station (Tokyo)|Hinode]] 
|1,675
|2,043
|2,271
|2,322
|2,015
|2,404
|-
| U-05
|style="text-align:left"|[[Shibaura-futō Station|Shibaura-futō]]
|6,970
|5,875
|5,166
|5,090
|4,313
|4,907
|-
| U-06
|style="text-align:left"|[[Odaiba-kaihinkōen Station|Odaiba-kaihinkōen]] 
|19,406
|15,859
|14,497
|16,899
|11,171
|13,195
|-
| U-07
|style="text-align:left"|[[Daiba Station (Tokyo)|Daiba]] 
|28,838 
|22,866
|21,682
|21,421
|14,135
|20,606
|-
| U-08
|style="text-align:left"|[[Tokyo International Cruise Terminal Station|Tokyo International Cruise Terminal]]
|2,734
|3,506
|3,579
|3,191
|2,300
|2,963
|-
| U-09
|style="text-align:left"|[[Telecom Center Station|Telecom Center]] 
|13,561
|11,233
|10,649
|12,140
|8,118
|8,505
|-
| U-10
|style="text-align:left"|[[Aomi Station|Aomi]] 
|11,529
|7,152
|7,153
|11,884
|1,707
|1,483
|-
| U-11
|style="text-align:left"|[[Tokyo Big Sight Station|Tokyo Big Sight]]
|21,420
|13,885
|16,312
|16,690
|13,876
|19,352
|-
| U-12
|style="text-align:left"|[[Ariake Station (Tokyo)|Ariake]]
|3,531
|2,509
|3,743
|5,818
|7,669
|9,242
|-
| U-13
|style="text-align:left"|[[Ariake-Tennis-no-mori Station|Ariake-Tennis-no-mori]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|1,185
|5,022
|6,351
|8,148
|-
| U-14
|style="text-align:left"| [[Shijō-mae Station|Shijō-mae]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|76
|11,393
|11,285
|13,997
|-
| U-15
|style="text-align:left"| [[Shin-toyosu Station|Shin-toyosu]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|893
|6,796
|7,144
|11,256
|-
| U-16
|style="text-align:left"|[[Toyosu Station|Toyosu]] 
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|9,494
|28,916
|27,545
|33,957
|-
!colspan=2|Total 
!208,562
!165,520
!168,030
!223,968
!171,748
!218,338
|}

==See also==
* [[List of tram and light-rail transit systems]]
* [[People mover]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.yurikamome.tokyo/}}
* [https://www.ejrcf.or.jp/jrtr/jrtr16/pdf/f15_iwata.pdf Japan Rail and Transport Review article]

{{Tokyo transit}}

[[Category:Yurikamome| ]]
[[Category:People mover systems in Japan]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1995]]
[[Category:1995 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:Japanese third-sector railway lines]]