View source for Zebulon Pike

{{Short description|American general and explorer (1779–1813)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
| image         = ZebulonPikeByPeale.jpg
| caption       = Portrait by [[Charles Willson Peale]], 1808
| birth_name    = Zebulon Montgomery Pike
| allegiance    = [[United States]]
| branch        = [[United States Army]]
| serviceyears  = 1794–1813
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1779|01|05}}
| birth_place   = [[Lamington, New Jersey]], U.S.
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1813|4|27|1779|1|5}}
| death_place   = [[York, Upper Canada]] {{awrap|(now [[Toronto]], Ontario)}}
| body_discovered = 
| death_cause   = struck by debris from firearm magazine explosion
| placeofburial = [[Madison Barracks#Military Cemetery at Sackets Harbor|Military Cemetery]], Sackets&nbsp;Harbor, New York
| resting_place = 
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| nationality   = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| rank          = Brigadier General
| known_for     = 
| battles       = {{tree list}}
*[[Tecumseh's War]]
**[[Battle of Tippecanoe]]
*[[War of 1812]]
**[[Battle of Lacolle Mills (1812)|Battle of Lacolle Mills]]
**[[Battle of York]]{{DOW}}
{{tree list/end}}
| occupation    = 
| spouse        = {{marriage|Clarissa Harlow Brown|1801}}
| children      = 5
| father        = 
| relatives     = 
| signature     = Signature of Zebulon Montgomery Pike (1779–1813).png
}}

'''Zebulon Montgomery Pike''' (January 5, 1779 – April 27, 1813) was an American brigadier general and explorer for whom [[Pikes Peak]] in [[Colorado]] is named. As a [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] officer he led two expeditions through the [[Louisiana Purchase]] territory, first in 1805–1806 to reconnoiter the upper northern reaches of the [[Mississippi River]], and then in 1806–1807 to explore the southwest to the fringes of the northern Spanish-colonial settlements of [[New Mexico]] and [[Texas]]. Pike's expeditions coincided with other Jeffersonian expeditions, including the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]] and the [[Red River Expedition (1806)|Red River Expedition]] in 1806.<ref name="Berry">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/zebulonpikethoma0000unse |title=The Forgotten Expedition, 1804–1805: The Louisiana Purchase Journals of Dunbar and Hunter |publisher=Louisiana State University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8071-3165-7 |editor1-last=Berry |editor1-first=Trey |page=xi, fn2 |editor2-last=Beasley |editor2-first=Pam |editor3-last=Clements |editor3-first=Jeanne}}</ref>

Pike's second expedition crossed the [[Rocky Mountains]] into what is now southern Colorado, which resulted in his capture by the Spanish colonial authorities near [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]], who then sent Pike and his men to [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]] (present-day Mexico) for interrogation. Later in 1807, Pike and some of his men were escorted by the Spanish through Texas and released near U.S. territory in early [[Louisiana]].

In 1810, Pike published an account of his expeditions, a book so popular that it was translated into several languages for publication in Europe. He later achieved the rank of brigadier general in the United States Army, and served in the [[War of 1812]] until he was killed in April 1813 by an explosion at a gunpowder magazine outside the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] colonial capital of [[Upper Canada]] during the [[Battle of York]].

==Early and family life==

===Early life and education===
Pike was born on January 5, 1779, in [[Lamington, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Washington |last=Irving |title=Biographical Memoir of the Late Brigadier General Zebulon Montgomery Pike |magazine=[[Analectic Magazine]] |volume=4 |date=November 1814 |page=380}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Thomas |last=Wilson |title=The Biography of the Principal American Military and Naval Heroes; Comprehending Details of Their Achievements During the Revolutionary and Late Wars |volume=II |edition=Second |location=New York |publisher=John Low |year=1822 |page=9}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=William J. |last=Backes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XUMVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA245 |title=General Zebulon M. Pike, Somerset-Born |journal=Somerset County Historical Quarterly |volume=8 |number=4 |date=October 1919 |pages=241–251}}</ref> He was the son of Isabella (Brown) and Zebulon Pike, and followed in the footsteps of his father, who had begun his own career in the military service of the United States in 1775 at the beginning of the [[American Revolutionary War]]. Through his father, he was a direct descendant of [[Robert Pike (settler)|Robert Pike]], who was famous being an opponent of the [[Salem witch trials|Salem witchcraft prosecutions of 1692]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k7YFhQazHCsC&q=Isabella+Pike+(Brown)&pg=PA7|title = Zebulon Pike: Lost in the Rockies|isbn = 978-0761416128|last1 = Calvert|first1 = Patricia|year = 2005| publisher=Marshall Cavendish }}</ref>

Zebulon Pike Jr. grew to adulthood with his family at a series of outposts in [[Ohio]] and [[Illinois]]—the United States' [[Northwest Territory|northwestern frontier]] at the time. He was commissioned as a [[second lieutenant]] of infantry in 1799 and promoted to [[first lieutenant]] later that same year.

===Marriage and family===
Pike married his cousin Clarissa Harlow Brown in 1801.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Jay H. |editor1-last=Buckley |editor2-first=Matthew L. |editor2-last=Harris |title=Zebulon Pike, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West |location=Norman, Oklahoma |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0806142432}}</ref> They had one child who survived to adulthood, Clarissa Brown Pike, who later married [[William Henry Harrison|President William Henry Harrison]]'s son, John Cleves Symmes Harrison. They had four other children who died before reaching adulthood.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Txq4Oh2NjTQC&dq=zebulon+Clarissa+Brown+Pike&pg=PA53 ''Zebulon Pike, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West'']</ref> He was the great-granduncle of [[Medal of Honor]] recipient [[Emory Jenison Pike]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry County IAGenWeb |url=https://iagenweb.org/henry/Military/PikeEmoryJ.html |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=iagenweb.org}}</ref> 

==Military career==
Pike's military career included working on logistics and payroll at a series of frontier posts, including [[Fort Belle Fontaine]] near today's [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]]. [[Commanding General of the United States Army|General-in-Chief]] [[James Wilkinson]] of the [[United States Army]] was appointed as the first Governor of the Upper [[Louisiana Territory]] by third President [[Thomas Jefferson]], becoming Pike's mentor while headquartered there.

In 1796, Pike shadowed the expedition of General [[Georges Henri Victor Collot]], a Royal, then Imperial [[French Army]] officer who had been tasked to tour the Mississippi frontier and draw maps that France might use if it were to try and seize the lightly settled heartland territory of the Mississippi River valley basin from the nascent United States further to the East.<ref name=Herald-Leader2017-03-19/>

===First expedition===
In the summer of 1805, General-in-Chief James  Wilkinson ordered young Lt. Pike to locate the northern source of the [[Mississippi River]], explore the northern portion of the newly created and beginning-to-be-colonized [[Louisiana Territory]], and to expel any [[United Kingdom|British]] / [[History of Canada| Canadian]] roving [[North American fur trade|fur traders]] illegally trading within the western borders of the newly-expanded  [[History of the United States|United States]]. Pike left [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]] on August 9, 1805, proceeding upstream by [[pirogue]]. He and his crew reached the [[Pike Island|confluence]] of the Mississippi and [[Minnesota River]]s on September 21, where he negotiated a [[Treaty of St. Peters]] agreement with the native Dakota Indians, purchasing the future site of [[Fort Snelling]]. The expedition proceeded further upriver, stopping to construct a winter camp at the mouth of the [[Swan River (central Minnesota)|Swan River]], south of present-day [[Little Falls, Minnesota]], on October 16. On December 10, they continued upstream along the frozen river on foot, visiting several British [[North West Company]] fur posts along the way.

They reached the fur post at [[Leech Lake]] on February 1 and stayed nearly three weeks. Pike informed the traders they were within the new boundaries of the United States and henceforth required to abide by its American laws and regulations. Pike met with many prominent [[Ojibwe]] chiefs, prevailing on them to surrender the medals and flags given to them as tokens of allegiance by the British and offering American [[Indian Peace Medal|peace medals]]. He also relayed the new United States' desire that the Ojibwe and Lakota nations would cease hostilities, inviting the chiefs back to a peace conference in St. Louis (however, both First Nations tribes declined that invitation to travel through several hundred miles of hostile territory). On February 10, they ceremonially shot down the [[British ensign|British red ensign]] from the fur company's flag pole, replacing it with the new United States fifteen-star, fifteen-stripe [[Star-Spangled Banner (flag)|Star-Spangled Banner]] flag. On a side trip between February 12 and 14, Pike traveled to the North West Company fur post on [[Cass Lake (Minnesota)|Upper Red Cedar Lake]] (later renamed Cass Lake), designating the lake as the upper source of the Mississippi and taking celestial observations / calculations to determine its [[latitude]].

Pike and his men left Leech Lake on February 18, carrying diplomatic tokens from the Ojibwe chiefs to present to the Dakota chiefs as a gesture of reconciliation, arriving at their winter encampment on March 5. They re-embarked in their pirogues for the downriver journey on April 7, reaching St. Louis on April 20. Pike's was the second expedition besides earlier [[Lewis and Clark]], dispatched by the U.S. government into its new [[Western United States|western territories]], and the first to return.

===Second expedition===
[[File:Pikes Peak by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pikes Peak]], central Colorado]]
After Lieutenant Pike returned from this first expedition, General Wilkinson almost immediately ordered him to mount a second expedition, this time to the [[Southwestern United States|Southwest]] to explore, map, and find the headwaters of the [[Arkansas River]] and parallel [[Red River of the South]] upstream from the lower [[Mississippi River]]. Additional objectives of this exploratory expedition into the southwestern part of the new Louisiana Territory were to evaluate natural resources and establish friendly relations with Native Americans. It is commonly said that his expedition was an innocent exploration of the West, but that is not the case. This was a mission to prepare for a possible American invasion of the neighboring Royal Spanish provinces of New Mexico and Texas over the disputed southwest border from [[First French Empire|France's]] sale of the [[Louisiana Purchase]] of 1803.<ref>Matthews, George R. 2016. Zebulon Pike : Thomas Jefferson's Agent for Empire. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger, An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC.</ref> Beginning July 15, 1806, Pike led what became known as the "[[Pike Expedition]]".

In early November 1806, Pike and his team sighted and tried to climb to the summit of the peak later named after him ([[Pikes Peak]]). They made it as far as Mt. Rosa, located southeast of Pikes Peak, before giving up the ascent in waist-deep snow. They had already gone almost two days without food.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Orsi |first=Jared |title=Citizen explorer : the life of Zebulon Pike |date=2013 |isbn=978-0-19-931454-6 |location=Oxford |oclc=862077026}}{{pn|date=March 2023}}</ref>

They then continued south, searching for the Red River of the South's headwaters, and [[Pike's Stockade|built a fort]] for shelter during the winter. However, they had crossed the border, whether through confusion or deliberation. Royal Spanish authorities captured Pike and some of his party on February 26, 1807.

Pike and his men were taken to the old colonial capital of [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] of the Royal Spanish province of [[History of New Mexico|New Mexico]] and on further south to the [[Chihuahua City]] capital of [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]] province, and presented to [[Nemesio de Salcedo|Commandant General Salcedo]], who was governor of the state.<ref>{{cite web |last=Buescher |first=John |url=http://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/24290 |title=Trailing Lewis and Clark |publisher=TeachingHistory.org |access-date=July 12, 2011}}</ref> Pike was treated well and invited to formal social dinners but still not quite given the treatment of a visiting diplomatic dignitary, and his men were kept prisoner. Salcedo housed Pike with Juan Pedro Walker, a cartographer who also acted as an interpreter. Walker transcribed and translated Pike's confiscated documents, including his journal. Spanish authorities feared the spread of both their democracy and [[Protestantism|Protestant Christian]] sects that might undermine their rule.

During this time, Pike had access to various maps of the southwest and [[New Spain]], and especially learned about colonial Mexico's increasing discontentment with Royal Spanish rule. Spain filed official protests with the United States about Pike's exploring expedition, but since the nations were not at war (and the Kingdom of Spain was rebelling against [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon Bonaparte's]] older brother, who was put in place to rule Spain and was also fighting [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Great Britain]] in the [[Peninsular War]]), Commandant Salcedo released the American military men. The Spanish escorted Pike and most of his men back north, releasing them at the Louisiana border on July 1, 1807.

===War of 1812===
Pike was promoted to the rank of [[Captain (United States)|captain]] during the southwestern expedition. In 1811, Pike fought with the 4th Infantry Regiment at the [[Battle of Tippecanoe]] under General (and future ninth President) [[William Henry Harrison]]. He was promoted to colonel of the 15th Infantry Regiment in July 1812. Pike's military career also included service as deputy [[quartermaster]]-general in [[New Orleans]] and [[inspector general]] during the later part of the [[War of 1812]].

Pike commanded the advance guard of an American force which was defeated—primarily because of the poor planning and half-hearted effort of his commander, [[Henry Dearborn]]—at the first [[Battle of Lacolle Mills (1812)|Battle of Lacolle Mills]] in November 1812. Pike was promoted to brigadier general in March 1813.<ref name="collier">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Valkenburg |first=Samuel Van |editor=William D. Halsey |encyclopedia=Collier's Encyclopedia |title=Pike, Zebulon Montgomery |year=1976 |publisher=Macmillan Educational Corporation |volume=19 |location=New York |page=46 }}</ref> Along with General [[Jacob Brown (general)|Jacob Brown]], Pike departed from the newly fortified rural military outpost of [[Sackets Harbor, New York|Sackets Harbor]], on the [[New York (state)|New York]] shore of [[Lake Ontario]], for what became his last military campaign. On this expedition, Pike commanded combat troops in the [[Battle of York|successful attack on York]] (now [[Toronto]]) on April 27, 1813. Pike was mortally wounded and died, along with numerous other American troops, by flying rocks and other debris when the withdrawing British garrison blew up its ammunition magazine as Pike's troops approached [[Fort York]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Peppiatt|first1=Liam|title=Chapter 31B: Fort York|url=http://www.landmarksoftoronto.com/fort-york/|website=Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto|access-date=July 30, 2015|archive-date=June 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606040800/http://www.landmarksoftoronto.com/fort-york/|url-status=dead}}</ref>  His body was brought by ship back to Sackets Harbor, where his remains were buried at the military cemetery.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2nN0DwAAQBAJ&dq=zebulon+pike+sackets+harbor+cemetery&pg=PA105 ''Graves of Upstate New York'']</ref>

==Confiscated papers==
The Spanish authorities confiscated some of Pike's papers, which were not recovered by the United States from Mexico until the 20th century. Pike wrote an account of his expeditions, some of which had to be recreated from memory, which was published in 1810 as ''The expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike to Headwaters of the Mississippi River, through Louisiana Territory, and in New Spain, during the Years 1805–6–7''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XrMlAAAAMAAJ |title=The expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike to headwaters of the Mississippi River, through Louisiana Territory, and in New Spain, during the years 1805–6–7 |first=Zebulon Montgomery |last=Pike |editor=Elliott Coues |publisher=Ross & Haines |year=1965 |publication-date=1895}}</ref> These journals and maps gave Americans important information about trade opportunities along with the blueprints for the Santa Fe Trail.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=Matthew L. |last2=Buckley |first2=Jay H. |title=Zebulon Pike, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West |date=2012 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |isbn=978-0-8061-8844-7 }}{{pn|date=March 2023}}</ref> It was popular and was later translated into Dutch, French, and German editions. It became popular reading for all American explorers who followed him in the 19th century.

Pike's capture by the Spanish and travel through the [[Southwestern United States|Southwest]] gave Pike insight into the region. For example, he described the politics in Chihuahua, which led to the [[Mexican War of Independence|Mexican independence]] movement, and described trade conditions in the Spanish territories of New Mexico and Chihuahua.

In some eastern regions of North America, a tradition or legend pervades often referred to as ''The Lost City of Palanor'' or ''Zebulon's Gift'' which has been attributed to Pike's journals. The myth, said to be derived from a missing portion of Pike's confiscated journals, is usually told in two segments. The first sequence involves Pike's unlikely acquisition of a great treasure.<ref name="Simmons, Shane 2016 p. 113">Simmons, Shane (2016). Legends & Lore of East Tennessee (American Legends) Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: The History Press. p. 113.</ref> The second is a description of Pike's discovery of the lost city "Palanor," said to be built by pre-Columbian European settlers, and his decision to hide the treasure there.<ref name="Simmons, Shane 2016 p. 113"/>

==Legacy==
As Michael Olsen shows, after Pike's death in battle, his military accomplishments were widely celebrated in terms of biographies, mourning memorials, paintings, poems, and songs, and he became the namesake for dozens of towns, counties, and ships. His memory faded after the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] but rebounded in 1906, at the centennial of his Southwest Expedition. His 20th-century reputation focused on his exploration, and his name appeared often on natural features, such as dams, islands, lakes, and parks.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Michael L. |last=Olsen |title=Zebulon Pike and American Popular Culture – or – Has Pike Peaked? |journal=Kansas History |date=Spring 2006 |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=48–59 |url=https://www.kshs.org/publicat/history/2006spring_olsen.pdf}}</ref> Pike's Peak remains the second most visited mountain in the world.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Orsi |first1=Jared |title=Citizen Explorer: The Adventurous Life of Zebulon Pike |date=2014 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-976872-1 |oclc=930952953 }}{{pn|date=March 2023}}</ref> Pike's expedition route of approximately 3,664 miles is maintained to this day by the Pike National Trail Association.<ref>{{Cite book |last=United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources |oclc=1106557995 |title=Pike National Historic Trail Study Act: report (to accompany S. 2876) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). |date=2018 |publisher=[U.S. Government Publishing Office] |series=Report / 115th Congress, 2d session, Senate |location=Washington, D.C. |language=English}}{{pn|date=March 2023}}</ref>

Pike was honored in 1901 by [[William Jackson Palmer|General William Jackson Palmer]] with a marble statue placed near the main entrance of the [[Antlers Hotel (Colorado Springs, Colorado)#Second building (1901–1964)|Antlers Hotel]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=William J. Palmer|date=January 1, 1902|work=Facts Illustrated Vol. 9 No. 13/14|pages=31–32}}</ref>&nbsp; Pike was later honored in 1926 with a bronze medallion portrait placed in the pavilion at [[Tahama Spring]] (named after Pike's Dakota guide, Chief [[Tamaha (Dakota scout)|Tahama]]) in Monument Valley Park, Colorado Springs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://more.ppld.org:8080/specialcollections/index/ArticleOrders/516503.pdf|title=Bronze Medallions|date=March 26, 1927|work=Sunday Gazette and Telegraph|access-date=October 21, 2018|archive-date=October 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022033503/http://more.ppld.org:8080/specialcollections/index/ArticleOrders/516503.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> For over two hundred years, historians have debated whether Pike was truly an explorer, or if he was a spy.<ref name=":0" />

===Military===
*[[Fort Pike]]
*Camp Pike, Arkansas (A sub-section of [[Robinson Maneuver Training Center|Camp Joe T. Robinson]] Arkansas National Guard)
*[[USS General Pike (1813)|USS ''General Pike'']]
*A building at [[Fort Knox]] is named in his honor
*[[Liberty ship]] ''SS Zebulon Pike'' (appears in Episode 1 of ''[[Victory At Sea]]'', and also in footage at the end of the film ''[[Action in the North Atlantic]]'')

===Landforms===
*[[Cass Lake (Minnesota)|Pike Bay]] 
*[[Pike Creek (Mississippi River)|Pike Creek]]
*[[Pike Island]] at the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers in [[Fort Snelling State Park]], [[Minnesota]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Upham|first=Warren|title=Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShcLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA441|year=1920|publisher=Minnesota Historical Society|page=441}}</ref>
*[[Pikes Peak]]
*Zebulon Pike Lake Reservoir in [[Morrison County, Minnesota]]

===Communities===
*'''Pike County''' in:
**[[Pike County, Alabama|Alabama]]
**[[Pike County, Arkansas|Arkansas]]
**[[Pike County, Georgia|Georgia]] and its county seat [[Zebulon, Georgia|Zebulon]]<ref>{{cite book | url=http://www.kenkrakow.com/gpn/p.pdf| title=Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins | publisher=Winship Press | author=Krakow, Kenneth K. | year=1975 | location=Macon, GA | pages=176 | isbn=0-915430-00-2}}</ref>
**[[Pike County, Illinois|Illinois]]
**[[Pike County, Indiana|Indiana]]
**[[Pike County, Kentucky|Kentucky]]
**[[Pike County, Mississippi|Mississippi]]
**[[Pike County, Missouri|Missouri]]
**[[Pike County, Ohio|Ohio]]
**[[Pike County, Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]
*[[Pike (hamlet), New York|Pike, New York]]
*[[Piketon, Ohio]]
*[[Pikeville, Kentucky]]
*[[Flippin, Kentucky|Pikesville, Kentucky]] (historic)
*[[Pikeville, Tennessee]]
*[[Pikesville, Maryland]]
*[[Pike Bay Township, Cass County, Minnesota|Pike Bay Township]], [[Cass County, Minnesota]]
*[[Pike Creek Township, Morrison County, Minnesota|Pike Creek Township]], [[Morrison County, Minnesota]]
*[[Pike Township, Marion County, Indiana|Pike Township]], [[Marion County, Indiana]]
*[[Pike (town), Wyoming County, New York|Pike Township]], [[Wyoming County, New York]]
*[[Pike Township, Stark County, Ohio|Pike Township]], [[Stark County, Ohio]]
*Zebulon, Kentucky<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zebulon, Kentucky |url=https://www.kyatlas.com/ky-zebulon.html |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=www.kyatlas.com}}</ref>

===Other===
*[[Pike National Forest]] in [[Colorado]]
*[[Pikes Peak Marathon]] in Colorado
*[[Pikes Peak State Park]] in [[Clayton County, Iowa]]
*Pike Trail League, Kansas high school activities league<ref>{{cite news|last1=Garman-Schlaefli|first1=Gloria|title=Pike Trail League formed 60 years ago|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1393&dat=20080131&id=7BglAAAAIBAJ&pg=3401,2106903&hl=en|access-date=8 February 2016|work=Jewell County Record|issue=5|date=31 Jan 2008}}</ref>
*Pike Valley School District, Kansas School District, U.S.D. 426
*[[Lock and Dam No. 11|General Zebulon Pike Lock and Dam No. 11]] in [[Dubuque, Iowa]]
*[[SRAM Corporation|SRAM's]] [[RockShox]] division, whose R&D department is headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado have produced at least two shocks the Zeb and the Pike named after Zebulon<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-07 |title=First Ride: RockShox's New Zeb Fork |url=https://www.pinkbike.com/news/first-ride-rockshox-zeb-2021-fork.html |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=Pinkbike |language=en}}</ref> 
*Zebulon Ice, a Colorado Department of Transportation snowplow, in a winning name submitted by a Colorado child as part of a 2021 contest.<ref>{{cite web|title=Name That Plow – Colorado Department of Transportation|url=https://www.codot.gov/programs/plowcontest}}</ref>

{{gallery
|width=800
|align=center
|File:King, Pike, & Nau Map of the Mississippi River 1810 UTA.jpg
|Nicholas King, Zebulon Pike, Anthony Nau, and Francis Shallus's ''Map of the Mississippi River'', 1810
}}

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist|2|refs= 
<ref name=Herald-Leader2017-03-19>
{{cite news     
| url         = https://www.kentucky.com/news/local/news-columns-blogs/tom-eblen/article139478808.html
| title       = Kentucky invasion? Rare spy map shows French plans for frontier America
| work        = [[Kentucky Herald-Leader]]
| author      = Tom Eblen
| date        = 2017-03-19
| location    = [[Maysville, Kentucky]]
| access-date  = 2019-09-29
| quote       = Alas, Collot was not very secretive. Before he left Pittsburgh on his journey, American authorities discovered his mission and shadowed him. Zebulon Pike, a U.S. Army officer who would later become an explorer and the namesake of Pike’s Peak in Colorado, arrested Collot at Fort Massac near what is now Metropolis, Ill., but had no legal grounds to detain him. 
}}
</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book |title=Zebulon Pike, Thomas Jefferson, and the opening of the American West |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=2012 |isbn=9780806142432 |editor-last=Harris |editor-first=Matthew L |editor-last2=Buckley |editor-first2=Jay H. |url=https://archive.org/details/zebulonpikethoma0000unse}}
*{{cite book |first=W. Eugene |last=Hollon |title=The Lost Pathfinder, Zebulon Montgomery Pike |location=Norman, Oklahoma |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=1949 |isbn=978-0-8061-0193-4 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Orsi |first1=Jared |title=Citizen Explorer: The Adventurous Life of Zebulon Pike |date=2014 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-976872-1 |oclc=930952953 }}

==External links==
* {{Gutenberg author|46825}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Zebulon Montgomery Pike}}
* {{OL author|177461A}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20011121064151/http://www.nps.gov/jeff/LewisClark2/Circa1804/WestwardExpansion/EarlyExplorers/ZebulonPike.htm National Park Service biography]
* [http://www.santafetrailresearch.com/ Santa Fe Trail Research]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070331171630/http://www.lanepl.org/blount/jbcols/documents/94C47CF9959B9CC201E9D6CDF93ECC84F3C0CD3B.html "Butler County connections to the Mexican War" ''Hamilton Journal-News'' Hamilton, Ohio]
* [http://morrisoncountyhistory.org/history/?page_id=311 Pike's Explorations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512111539/http://morrisoncountyhistory.org/history/?page_id=311 |date=May 12, 2014 }} – related to Pike's journey to find the source of the Mississippi River and the building of his fort in what is now Morrison County, Minnesota
* [http://morrisoncountyhistory.org/history/?page_id=314 Pike's Menagerie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512111545/http://morrisoncountyhistory.org/history/?page_id=314 |date=May 12, 2014 }} – the animals Pike and his men encountered in central Minnesota
* [https://morrisoncountyhistory.org/?page_id=332 Was Pike a Failure?] – an examination of the often-heard critique of Pike's Mississippi River expedition
* [http://www.zebulonpike.net Zebulon Pike and the Blue Mountain] – The award-winning film produced with the help of Pike Historian W. Eugene Hollon, the U.S. Army, the Smithsonian, and the National Archives about the explorer's time in what is now Colorado. Winner CINE Golden Eagle award and Certificate of Commendation from the American Association for State and Local History. Narrated by Burgess Meredith.

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of Adjutant Generals of the U.S. Army|Adjutant Generals of the U. S. Army]]|before=[[Thomas H. Cushing]] |after=vacant |years=March 12, 1813 – April 27, 1813}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of Inspectors General of the U.S. Army|Inspector General of the U. S. Army]]|before=[[Alexander Smyth]] |after=vacant|years=March 12, 1813 – April 27, 1813}}
{{s-end}}
{{Inspectors General of the United States Army}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pike, Zebulon}}
[[Category:1779 births]]
[[Category:1813 deaths]]
[[Category:Adjutants general of the United States Army]]
[[Category:United States Army personnel of the War of 1812]]
[[Category:American explorers of North America]]
[[Category:American people of English descent]]
[[Category:Pre-statehood history of Minnesota]]
[[Category:History of United States expansionism]]
[[Category:Inspectors general of the United States Army]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Trenton, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Pikes Peak]]
[[Category:United States Army generals]]
[[Category:American military personnel killed in the War of 1812]]
[[Category:Explorers of the United States]]
[[Category:Red River of the South]]
[[Category:People from Bedminster, New Jersey]]