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{{about||the 2022 Russian film|Zemun (film)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| native_name = {{native name|sr-Cyrl|Земун|italics=off}}
| native_name_lang = sr
| official_name = Zemun
| other_name = 
| settlement_type = [[Subdivisions of Belgrade|Municipality]]
| image_shield = Grb Zemuna.svg
| image_flag = Flag of Zemun, Serbia (2005-).svg
| image_skyline = Zemun panorama from Gardoš tower.jpg
| image_caption = Panoramic view of Zemun from Gardoš Tower
| image_map = File:Belgrade Municipalities Zemun.png
| mapsize = 150px
| map_caption = Location of Zemun within the city of Belgrade
| coordinates = {{coord|44|51|N|20|24|E|region:RS|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Serbia}}
| subdivision_type1 = City
| subdivision_name1 = [[Belgrade]]
| parts_type = Settlements
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 4
| leader_party = [[Serbian Progressive Party|SNS]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Gavrilo Kovačević
| area_blank1_title = Urban
| area_blank1_km2 = 99.42
| area_blank2_title = Municipality
| area_blank2_km2 = 149.77
| area_footnotes =<ref>{{Serbian municipalities 2006}}</ref><ref name="area-zemun">{{cite web |title=Насеља општине Земун |url=http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/axd/Registar/SlikeRegioni/Mapiranemape/BG%20i%20VOJ/ReZemun.pdf |website=stat.gov.rs |publisher=Statistical Office of Serbia |access-date=23 October 2019 |language=sr |archive-date=14 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114152311/http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/axd/Registar/SlikeRegioni/Mapiranemape/BG%20i%20VOJ/ReZemun.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| population_footnotes = 
| population_as_of = 2022
| population_blank1_title = Urban
| population_blank1 = 
| population_blank2_title = Municipality
| population_blank2 = 177908<ref name="popisi">{{cite book|title= Comparative overview of the number of population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002 and 2011 – Data by settlements, page 29|date=2014|publisher= Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade|isbn=978-86-6161-109-4}}</ref>
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Serbia|Postal code]]
| postal_code = 11080
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Serbia|Area code]]
| area_code = +381(0)11
| blank_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of Serbia|Car plates]]
| blank_info = BG
| website = {{URL|www.zemun.rs}}
}}

'''Zemun''' ({{lang-sr-cyrl|Земун}}, {{IPA|sh|zěmuːn|pron}}; {{langx|hu|Zimony}}) is a [[Subdivisions of Belgrade|municipality]] in the city of [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]]. Zemun was a separate town that was absorbed into Belgrade in 1934. It lies on the right bank of the Danube river, upstream from downtown Belgrade. The development of [[New Belgrade]] in the late 20th century expanded the continuous urban area of Belgrade and merged it with Zemun.

The town was conquered by the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] in the 12th century and in the 15th century it was given as a personal possession to the [[Serbian Despotate|Serbian despot]] [[Đurađ Branković]]. After the Serbian Despotate fell to the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1459, Zemun became an important military outpost. Its strategic location near the confluence of the Sava and the Danube placed it in the center of the continued border wars between the [[Habsburg Empire|Habsburg]] and the Ottoman empires. The [[Treaty of Passarowitz]] of 1718 finally placed the town into Habsburg possession, the [[Military Frontier]] was organized in the region in 1746, and the town of Zemun was granted the rights of a military commune in 1749. In 1777, Zemun had 6,800 residents, half of which were ethnic Serbs, while another half of the population was composed of Germans, Hungarians and Jews. With the abolishment of the Military Frontier in 1881, Zemun and the rest of the eastern Srem was included into [[Syrmia County]] of [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]], part of [[Austria-Hungary]]. Following Austro-Hungarian defeat in World War I, Zemun returned to Serbian control on November 5, 1918 and became part of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] (later [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]).

According to the 2022 census results, the municipality of Zemun has a population of 177,908 inhabitants. Apart from the Zemun proper, the municipality includes suburbs of [[Batajnica]], [[Ugrinovci]], [[Zemun Polje]] and [[Nova Galenika]] to the northwest.

== Name ==
In ancient times, the [[Celt]]ic and [[Roman Empire|Roman]] settlement was known as ''Taurunum''. The [[Franks|Frankish]] chroniclers of the [[Crusades]] mentioned it as ''Mallevila'', a toponym from the 9th century. This was also a period when the [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] name ''Zemln'' was recorded for the first time. Believed to be derived from the word ''zemlja'', meaning ''soil'', it was a basis for all other future names of the city: modern Serbian {{lang|sr-Cyrl|Земун}} (Cyrillic) or ''Zemun'' (Latin), ''Za·munt'' (Romanian), [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] ''Zimony'' and [[German language|German]] ''Semlin'', which is mentioned in the Austrian-German folksong ''[[Prinz Eugen, der edle Ritter]]'' as the place where the army of [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]] set up camp before the [[Siege of Belgrade (1717)]] that liberated the city from the Ottoman Empire.

== History ==
{{See also|Timeline of Zemun history}}
[[File:Roman sarcophagus Zemun.JPG|thumb|left|Roman Sarcophagus]]
[[File:Bassarid relief from Zemun.jpg|thumb|Relief of a [[maenad]], found in Zemun]]
The area of Zemun has been inhabited since the [[Neolithic period]]. [[Baden culture]] graves and ceramics like bowls and anthropomorphic urns were found in the town.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rastko.rs/arheologija/srejovic/dsrejovic-eneolit.html|title=[Projekat Rastko] Dragoslav Srejovic: Kulture bakarnog i ranog bronzanog doba na tlu Srbije|website=www.rastko.rs|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref> [[Bosut culture]] graves were found in nearby [[Asfaltna Baza]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Nikola Tasic |title=Historical picture of development of Early Iron Age in the Serbian Danube basin |journal=Balcanica |date=January 2004 |issue=35 |pages=7–22 |doi=10.2298/BALC0535007T|doi-access=free }}</ref> The first Celtic settlements in Taurunum area originate from the 3rd century BC when the [[Scordisci]] occupied several [[Thracian]] and [[Dacians|Dacian]] areas of the Danube. The Scordisci founded both Taurunum and [[Singidunum]] across the Sava, predecessor of modern Belgrade.<ref>{{cite news | author = Ana Vuković | title = Tragom Skordiska u našem gradu | trans-title = Trails of the Scordisci in our city | newspaper = Politika | page = 15 | language = sr | date = 8 November 2018}}</ref> The Romans came in the 1st century BC, Taurunum became part of the [[Roman province]] of [[Pannonia]] around 15 AD. It had a fortress<ref>A manual of ancient and modern history ... William Cooke Taylor, Caleb Sprague Henry</ref> and served as a harbour for the Pannonian (Roman) fleet of [[Singidunum]] (Belgrade).<ref>Vespasian-Barbara Levick</ref> The pen of Roman poet [[Publius Ovidius Naso]] (Ovid) was said to be found in Taurunum.<ref>''Biographia classica: the lives and characters of the Greek and Roman classics'', by [[Edward Harwood]].</ref> After the [[Migrations period|Great Migrations]] the area was under the authority of various peoples and states, including the [[Byzantine Empire]], the [[Kingdom of the Gepids]] and the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]]. The town was conquered by the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] in the 12th century and in the 15th century it was given as a personal possession to the [[Serbian Despotate|Serbian despot]] [[Đurađ Branković]]. After the nearby Serbian Despotate fell to the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1459, Zemun became an important military outpost. In 1521, the forces of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], 500 [[šajkaši]] (river flotilla troops) led by Croatian Marko Skoblić, and Serbs<ref>{{cite book | title = Povijest Hrvatske I. (od najstarijeg doba do g. 1657.) | chapter = [[:hr:s:Povijest Hrvatske I. (R. Horvat)/Ban Ivan Karlović|Ban Ivan Karlović]] | author = Rudolf Horvat|author-link=Rudolf Horvat | year = 1924 |oclc=560148302}}</ref> fought against the invading Ottoman army of [[Suleyman the Magnificent]]. Despite hard resistance, Zemun fell on July 12<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.matica.hr/HRRevija/revija2004_4_n.nsf/AllWebDocs/Zemun | journal = [[Hrvatska revija]] | author = Vlatko Rukavina | title = Hrvatska strana Zemuna | date = May 29, 2009 | language = hr | access-date = 2013-02-24}}</ref> and Belgrade soon afterwards.<ref>See [[:sr:Пад Београда (1521)]] – Fall of Belgrade (1521) {{in lang|sr}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=February 2013}} In 1541, Zemun was integrated into the [[Sanjak of Syrmia|Syrmia]] [[sanjak]] of the [[Budin Province, Ottoman Empire|Budin]] [[pashaluk]].

Zemun and the southeastern Syrmia were conquered by the [[Austria]]n [[Habsburg]]s in 1717, after the Ottoman defeat at the [[Battle of Peterwardein]] (5&nbsp;August 1716) and through the [[Treaty of Požarevac]] (German: Passarowitz) became a property of the [[List of rulers of Schönborn|Schönborn]] family. In 1736, Zemun was the site of a peasant revolt. Its strategic location near the confluence of the Sava and the Danube placed it in the center of the continued border wars between the Habsburg and the Ottoman empires. The [[Treaty of Belgrade]] of 1739 finally fixed the border, the [[Military Frontier]] was organized in the region in 1746, and the town of Zemun was granted the rights of a military commune in 1749. In 1754, the population of Zemun included 1,900 [[Eastern Orthodox Christians]], 600 [[Catholics]], 76 [[Jews]], and about 100 [[Romani people|Romani]]. In 1777, the population of Zemun numbered 1,130 houses with 6,800 residents, half of which were ethnic [[Serbs]], while another half of population was composed of [[Catholics]], [[Jews]], [[Armenians]] and [[Muslims]]. Among Catholic population, the largest ethnic group were [[Germans]]. From this period originates the increased settlement of Germans and Hungarians in the Zemun.

[[File:Zemun1608.JPG|thumb|1608 painting of Ottoman Zemun]]
[[File:Map_of_Zemun.tif|thumb|Map of Zemun (around 1739)]]
[[File:Panorama zemuna 19vek.jpg|thumb|Panoramic view of Zemun, 19th century]]

While during the Ottoman period Zemun was a typical oriental-type small town, with [[Caravanserai#Khans|khans]], mosques and large number of Turkish population, after becoming part of Austria, the town prospered as an important road intersection and a border city, which boosted trade.<ref>{{cite book | script-title=sr: Угоститељско туристичка школа – некад и сад 1938–2006 | page = 65 | date = 2006 | editor = Grozda Pejčić | publisher = Draslar Partner}}</ref> The town had a port on the Danube and was a major fishing center. It is recorded that in 1793, a {{convert|700|kg|abbr=on}} heavy [[Beluga (sturgeon)|Beluga sturgeon]] was caught.<ref>{{cite news | author = Miroslav Stefanović | title = Мегдани аласа и риба грдосија | trans-title = Fights between the fishermen and the giant fishes | newspaper = Politika-Magazin, No. 1073 | pages = 28–29 | language = sr | date = 22 April 2018 }}</ref> In 1816 it was greatly expanded by mass resettlement of [[German people|Germans]] and [[Serbs]] in the new town suburbs of Franzenstal and Gornja Varoš, respectively. In the 19th century, Zemun reached 7,089 residents and 1,310 houses. Zemun also became important in Serbian history as the refuge for [[Karadjordje|Karađorđe]] in 1813 as well as many other people from the nearby Belgrade and the rest of Karađorđe's Serbia which fell to the Ottoman rule.

During the [[Revolutions of 1848|Revolution of 1848–1849]], Zemun was one of the de facto capitals of [[Serbian Vojvodina]], a Serbian autonomous region within [[Austrian Empire|Habsburg Empire]], but in 1849, it was returned under the administration of the Military Frontier. With the abolishment of the Military Frontier in 1881, Zemun and the rest of the eastern Srem was included into [[Syrmia County]] of [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]], part of [[Austria-Hungary]]. The first [[railway]] line that connected it to the west was built in 1883, and the first railway bridge over the Sava followed shortly thereafter in 1884.

The [[Zemun Fortress]] was the site of the first shots fired during [[World War I]], when the [[Austro-Hungarian Army]] shelled the [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbian]] capital of [[Belgrade]]. Serbian engineers responded by demolishing the [[Old Railway Bridge]] over the [[Sava|Sava River]], damaging an [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]] patrol boat below. During the [[Serbian campaign]] at the beginning of [[World War I]], Zemun was briefly occupied by the [[Royal Serbian Army]], and many [[South Slavs]] living in the city fled to Serbia. The [[Balkanstreitkräfte|Austro-Hungarian Balkan Army]] under [[Oskar Potiorek]] quickly retook the city and hanged suspected collaborators.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hastings|first=Max |title=Catastrophe 1914 : Europe goes to war|date=2013|isbn=978-0-307-59705-2 |location=New York|oclc=828893101}}</ref> The city returned to Serbian control on November 5, 1918. The town became part of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] (later [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]). The inter-war period was marked by political struggle between the city gentry (organized into the [[People's Radical Party|Radical Party]], [[Democratic Party (Yugoslavia)|Democratic Party]] and the [[Croatian Peasant Party]]) and the more socialist parties supported by the [[ethnic Germans]].

In 1934 two intra-city [[bus]] lines were introduced connecting Zemun with the parts of Belgrade, and the general shift of attention towards this issue was supported by the growing [[Serbs|Serbian]] population of Zemun.

The Zemun airbases originally built in 1927 were an important geostrategic objective in the [[Axis Powers|Axis]] [[Invasion of Yugoslavia|invasion of April 1941]]. Following the surrender of Yugoslavia that same month, Zemun, along with the rest of Syrmia, was given to the [[Independent State of Croatia]]. The city was taken from Axis control in 1944, and since then, it is part of the [[Serbia]]n region known as [[Central Serbia]]. The city is now home to the [[Air force command building]], a monumental edifice, situated at 12 Аvijatičarski Square in Zemun, Belgrade.

{{wide image|Zemun nocna panorama.png|800px|Nocturnal cityscape of Zemun's old town}}

== Geography ==
[[File:Zemun View 3.JPG|thumb|View across Zemun to [[Stari Grad, Belgrade|Belgrade]]]]

The Municipality has an area of {{convert|153|km2|0|abbr=off}}. It is located in the eastern [[Syrmia]] region, in the central-western section of the Belgrade City area. The urban section of Zemun is both the most northern and the most western section of urban Belgrade. Zemun borders the province of [[Vojvodina]] to the west (municipality of [[Stara Pazova]] and municipality of [[Pećinci]]), and municipalities of [[Surčin]] to the south, [[Novi Beograd]] to the south-east and [[Palilula Belgrade|Palilula]] and [[Stari Grad (Belgrade)|Stari Grad]] across the Danube.

The core of the city are the neighborhoods of Donji Grad, Gardoš, Ćukovac and Gornji Grad. To the south, Zemun continues into Novi Beograd with which it makes one continuous urban area (neighborhood of [[Tošin Bunar]]). In the west it extends into the neighborhoods of Altina and Plavi Horizonti and to the north-west into [[Galenika, Zemun|Galenika]], Zemun Polje and further into Batajnica.

Zemun originally developed on three hills, [[Gardoš]], [[Ćukovac]] and [[Kalvarija (Zemun)|Kalvarija]], on the right bank of the Danube, where the widening of the Danube begins and the Great War Island is formed at the mouth of the [[Sava]] river. Actually, these hills are not natural features. Zemun [[loess]] plateau is the former southern shelf of the ancient, now dried, [[Pannonian Sea]]. Modern area of Zemun's Donji Grad was regularly flooded by the Danube and the water would carve canals through the loess. Citizens would then build pathways along those canals and so created the passages, carving the hills out of the plateau. After massive 1876 floods, local authorities began the construction of the stony [[levee]] along the Danube's bank. Levee, a kilometer long, was finished in 1889. Today it appears that Zemun is built on several hills, with passages between them turned into modern streets, but the hills are actually manmade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://e-zemun.rs/vesti/zemun_vesti/posetilac-reporter/brdo-gardos-nije-brdo/|author=Miloje Jovanović Miki|title=Brdo Gardoš nije brdo|date=2 December 2010|publisher=[[Politika]] | language=sr|access-date=4 May 2017|archive-date=31 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531232826/http://e-zemun.rs/vesti/zemun_vesti/posetilac-reporter/brdo-gardos-nije-brdo/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Danube bank in the north is mostly marshy, so the settlements are built further from the river ([[Batajnica]]) separated from it by hillocks (up to {{convert|114|m}}). The city of Zemun itself was built right on the bank, {{convert|100|m}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]]. These are points of the Zemun loess plateau, an extension of the Syrmia loess plateau, which continues into the [[crescent]]-shaped [[Bežanijska Kosa]] loess hill on the south-east. The yellow loess is thick up to 40 meters and very fertile, with rich, grass-improved, [[humus]] [[chernozem]]. The uninhabited river islands of [[Great War Island]] and [[Little War Island]] on the Danube, also belong to the municipality Zemun, too.

Loess cliff "Zemun" was protected by the city on 29 November 2013. It consists of the very steep right bank of the Danube and is a typical example of the dry land loess. There are four distinguished loess horizons and four horizons of the fossil earth. The horizons developed during the warmer intervals of the [[glacials]].<ref>{{Citation | author = Vladimir Vukasović | title = Prestonica dobija još devet prirodnih dobara | newspaper = Politika | language = sr | date = 9 June 2013 | url = http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/260268/Prestonica-dobija-jos-devet-prirodnih-dobara}}</ref> Loess cliff is estimated to be 500,000 years old. The vertical cliff is {{convert|30|to|40|m|abbr=on}} high, it is exposed and barren, and the protected area covers {{convert|72|are}}. It was described for the first time in 1920 by Vladimir Laskarev. Another exposed section of the same loess ridge, Kapela ridge in Batajnica, has also been protected as a separate natural monument. Kapela is older though, originating from some 800,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite news | author = Branka Vasiljević | script-title=sr: Милиони година сачувани у стенама главног града | trans-title = Millions of years preserved in the rocks of the capital city | newspaper = Politika | page = 16 | language = sr | date = 15 May 2022}}</ref>

In September 2018, Belgrade's mayor [[Zoran Radojičić]] announced that the construction of a dam on the Danube, in the Zemun-New Belgrade area, will start soon. The dam should protect the city during the high water levels.<ref>{{cite news | author = J.D. | title = Gradiće se brana na Dunavu! | trans-title = A dam will be built on the Danube | newspaper = [[Večernje Novosti]] | language = sr | date = 18 September 2018 | url = http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/beograd.74.html:750114-Gradice-se-brana-na-Dunavu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author = Tanjug | author-link = Tanjug | title = Uskoro gradnja brane na Dunavu kod Novog Beograda | trans-title = Soon building of the dam on the Danube at New Belgrade | newspaper = [[Blic]] | language = sr | date = 17 September 2018 | url = https://www.blic.rs/vesti/beograd/uskoro-gradnja-brane-na-dunavu-kod-novog-beograda/n3dfdxn}}</ref> Such project was never mentioned before, nor it was clear how and where it will be constructed, or if it's feasible at all. Radojičić clarified after a while that he was referring to the temporary, mobile [[flood wall]]. The wall will be {{convert|50|cm|abbr=on}} high and {{convert|5|km|abbr=on}} long, stretching from the [[Branko's Bridge]] across the Sava and the neighborhood of [[Ušće, Belgrade|Ušće]] in New Belgrade, to the ''Radecki'' restaurant on the Danube's bank in the Zemun's Gardoš neighborhood. In case of emergency, the panels will be placed on the existing construction. The construction is scheduled to start in 2019 and to finish in 2020.<ref>{{cite news | author = Dejan Aleksić | title = Umesto džakova, mobilna brana protiv poplava | trans-title = Mobile dam against the flood, instead of sandbags | newspaper = Politika | language = sr | date = 22 September 2018 | url = http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/411597/Umesto-dzakova-mobilna-brana-protiv-poplava}}</ref>

=== Lagums ===
[[File:Ulaz u lagum.JPG|thumb|Entry into one of the lagums]]

One of the characteristics of the Zemun's topography are the ''lagums'', artificial underground corridors which crisscross below the loess area of Gardoš, Muhar, Ćukovac and Kalvarija. This terrain is one of the most active landslide areas in Belgrade. Being cut into for centuries, the loess in some sections have cliffs vertical up to 90%. The Romans began digging the lagums at least as early as 1,700 years ago,<ref>{{Citation | author = Nikola Bilić | title = Putovanje kroz istoriju beogradskim metroom | newspaper = Politika | language = sr | date = 30 October 2011 | url = http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/196102/Putovanje-kroz-istoriju-beogradskim-metroom }}</ref> using them mostly as the food storages, but later were also used for supply and eventual hiding and evacuation. In the previous centuries, settlers left many vertical shafts which ventilated the lagums, drying the loess and keeping it compact.

The loess is useful for this: it is strong, durable, and easy to be dug through. However, it turns into sand when mixed with water. The average temperature in the lagums is {{convert|16|C|abbr=on}}<ref name=magazin>{{cite news | author = Aleksandra Mijalković | script-title=sr:Призори из земунског подземља | trans-title = Scenes from the Zemun's underground | newspaper = Politika-Magazin, No. 1090 | pages = 24–25 | language = sr | date = 19 August 2018}}</ref>

Though used by the local population as food storages, during the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman period]], the Turkish administration did not commonly use them. After the Austrians acquired Zemun, they used the underground to store ammunition. In this period, the myths of the entire grid of underground corridors connecting Zemun and Belgrade under the Sava river originated. However, historians dispute this as, though the Austrians held Zemun permanently from 1717, they held Belgrade only from 1717 to 1739, which was not enough for such a major engineering enterprise, given the technology of the period. On 31 July 1938, a section of the Zemun's Roman Catholic cemetery collapsed and fell through into the lagum on which it was built, one of the largest in Zemun. As of this time people tended to label any old structures as "Roman", believing that the Romans had built them, they referred to the corridors as the "Roman" ones.<ref name=magazin/>

After [[World War II]], as the city rapidly urbanized, the new settlers were unaware of the lagums, especially the largest one, which covered an area of {{convert|450|m2|abbr=on}} on Ćukovac. As there was no sufficient sewage system at that time, they built [[septic tank]]s and collected [[rain]]water, but also as the ventilation shafts in time were covered or filled with garbage, it all made the ground wet in the course of several decades. The lagums retained the moist and began to collapse. Eventually, the walls and houses became unstable to the point of breaking façades and walls. In 1988 city authorities finally intervened as the houses began to sink in three streets. Holes were drilled to connect the surface with the largest lagum. Altogether, 22 drillings were made and {{convert|779|m3|abbr=on}} of [[concrete]] were poured into the lagum, filling it until the ground was stabilized, but the lagum was destroyed in the process. Still, the situation is critical after almost every downpour. On 29 September 2011, while constructing the supporting wall which was to prevent landslide in the section of Kalvarija, the construction workers triggered one which killed four of them. A {{convert|225|m|abbr=on}} long lagum, which was explored by 2001, is located right below the place where the tragedy happened. So far, 76 long corridors have been discovered, with many smaller ones. The longest of them is {{convert|96|m|ft}} long and the total explored length is {{convert|1,925|m|abbr=on}}. They cover an area of {{convert|4,882|m2|abbr=on}}. Many have collapsed during time, as they are not being kept since the 1980s.<ref name="vumidet.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.vumidet.net/forum/showpost.php?p=12532&postcount=19|title=Vumi's Antika – Prikazati pojedinačan prilog – Istorija Gradova-Beograd|website=www.vumidet.net|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | author =Nikola Belić | title = Klizišta nisu samo hir prirode| newspaper = [[Politika]] | language = sr | date = 8 November 2011 | url = http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/193711/Klizista-nisu-samo-hir-prirode}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | author =Nikola Belić | title = Otapanje pokreće i klizišta | newspaper = Politika | language = sr | date = 22 February 2012 | url = http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/209361/Otapanje-pokrece-i-klizista}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | author = Branka Vasiljević | title = Zemun ispod Zemuna| newspaper = [[Politika]] | language = sr | date = 9 October 2011 }}</ref>

Still, it is believed that the majority of them haven't been discovered or explored. The walls of those which have, are being covered with bricks or woods. Some corridors are dead ends while others are connected. The "Galeb" rowing club uses one of the lagums on the bank of the Danube to store their [[kayaks]].<ref name=magazin/>

There are numerous stories about the Zemun's lagums, their distribution and expansion of the grid. The tales of lagums connecting Zemun with the bank of the Danube, neighboring Bežanija, the [[Belgrade_Fortress#Roman well (ca_1720s)|Roman well]] in the [[Belgrade Fortress]] and the other parts of Belgrade across the Sava, became a commonplace in Zemun's and Belgrade's urban mythology. Older myths even included various monsters dwelling below. Still, there is a historically confirmed story of the house of Živojin Vukojčić, Interbellum industrialist. His son, Dragi Vukojčić, built the underground rooms in 1943 as a shelter, but the local myths claimed that he had an entire factory below. Still, when the agents from the Communist security agency [[OZNA]] came to arrest him after the war, Vukojčić asked to let him change his clothes. He fled down the lagum to the Danube, and then via boat and a plane, escaped to Brazil. Latest stories include criminals from the [[Zemun Clan]], who were allegedly hiding in the lagums during the police [[Operation Sabre (Serbia)|Operation Sabre]], after they assassinated prime minister [[Zoran Đinđić]] on 12 March 2003. In the 21st century, the stories of mythical creatures are replaced with those of criminals, smugglers, drug addicts and homeless people.<ref name=magazin/>

The lagums remained an important part of the local Zemun identity, preserving the spirit of the town and personal memories. For generations of the local boys, descending into the lagums, wandered through them and stayed below as long as possible, which was of a [[coming of age]] ritual. Even the name, Zemun, comes from the words ''zemlja'' (earth) or ''zemunica'' ([[Dugout (shelter)|dug out]]).<ref name=magazin/>

== Neighbourhoods and suburbs ==
[[File:Zemun mun.png|thumb|Map of Zemun municipality]]
[[File:Zemun mz.png|thumb|Map of former local communities in Zemun municipality]]
The municipality has only two official settlements: Belgrade (Zemun), which is part of the urban Belgrade city proper (''uža teritorija grada''; statistically classified as ''Belgrade-part'') and the village of [[Ugrinovci]] (which includes the [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]] of [[Grmovac]] and [[Busije]]). Many of the neighbourhoods developed in the last few decades (Altina, Plavi Horizonti, Kamendin, Grmovac, Busije, etc.).

There are four local communities in the municipality: [[Batajnica]], [[Ugrinovci]], [[Zemun Polje]] and [[Nova Galenika]]. They were formed in 2009 after the old ones were abolished in 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DECISION ON LOCAL COMMUNITIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CITY MUNICIPALITY OF ZEMUN|url=https://www.sllistbeograd.rs/pdf/2013/11-2013.pdf#view=Fit&page=23|date=1 April 2013|access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Zemun ponovo dobio mesne zajednice|url=https://www.blic.rs/vesti/beograd/zemun-ponovo-dobio-mesne-zajednice/x3kgbck|date=18 October 2009|website=Blic|access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref>

''Urban:''

{|
|- valign=top
|
* [[13. Maj]]
* [[Altina, Belgrade|Altina]]
* [[Bački Ilovik]]
* [[Batajnica]]
|
* [[Ćukovac]]
* [[Donji Grad (Zemun)|Donji Grad]]
* [[Galenika, Zemun|Galenika]]
* [[Gardoš]]
|
* [[Gornji Grad (Zemun)|Gornji Grad]]
* [[Goveđi Brod]]
* [[Jelovac (Zemun)|Jelovac]]
* [[Kalvarija (Zemun)|Kalvarija]]
|
* [[Kamendin, Zemun|Kamendin]]
* [[Kolonija Zmaj]]
* [[Lido (Belgrade)|Lido]]
* [[Mala Pruga]]
|
* [[Meandri]]
* [[Muhar]]
* [[Nova Galenika]]
* [[Novi Grad (Zemun)|Novi Grad]]
|
* [[Plavi Horizonti]]
* [[Retenzija]]
* [[Sava Kovačević, Zemun|Sava Kovačević]]
* [[Sutjeska (Zemun)|Sutjeska]]
|
* [[Školsko Dobro]]
* [[Vojni Put|Vojni Put I]]
* [[Vojni Put|Vojni Put II]]
* [[Zemun Bačka]]
|
* [[Zemun Polje]]
* [[Zemunski Kej]]
* [[Železnička Kolonija]]
|}

''Suburban:''

{|
|- valign=top
|
* [[Ugrinovci]] ([[Busije]] and [[Grmovac]])
|}

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations
| title = City of Zemun<br />(present borders after 1948)
| percentages = pagr
| 1921|18528 |1931|28074 |1948|40428 |1953|49361 |1961|72896 |1971|109619 |1981|135313 |1991|141952 |2002|145632 |2011|157363 |2022|166049
| source =<ref name="popisi"/>
|
}}

{{Historical populations
| title = Municipality of Zemun (present borders)
| percentages = pagr
| 1948|42197 |1953|51089 |1961|74791 |1971|111877 |1981|138591 |1991|146056 |2002|152831 |2011|168170 |2022|177908
| source =<ref name="popisi"/>
|
}}

As Zemun grew into one of the most populous neighborhoods of Belgrade, population of the municipality had a steady growth since [[World War II]]. According to the 2022 census, the urban population of Zemun was 166,049, while the municipality had 177,908 inhabitants.

=== Ethnic groups ===
The ethnic structure of the municipality, according to 2022 census:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2023/PdfE/G20234001.pdf |title=ETHNICITY – Data by municipalities and cities |publisher=[[Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia]] | year=2023 |isbn=9788661612282 |location=Belgrade, Serbia |pages=32-33 |access-date=2023-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122221709/https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2023/PdfE/G20234001.pdf |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ethnic group
! Population
! Percent
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Serbs]]||align="right" | 150,113
| 84.38%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Romani people in Serbia|Romani]]||align="right" | 4,884
| 2.75%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Yugoslavs in Serbia|Yugoslavs]]|| align="right" | 1,018
| 0.57%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Croats of Serbia|Croats]]|| align="right" | 749
| 0.42%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Montenegrins of Serbia|Montenegrins]]||align="right" | 398
| 0.22%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Muslims (nationality)|Muslims]]|| align="right" | 385
| 0.22%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Macedonians in Serbia|Macedonians]]|| align="right" | 312
| 0.18%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Russians]]|| align="right" | 304
| 0.17%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Gorani people in Serbia|Gorani]]|| align="right" | 301
| 0.17%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Hungarians of Serbia|Hungarians]]|| align="right" | 172
| 0.1%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Bosniaks of Serbia|Bosniaks]]||align="right" | 133
| 0.07%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Slovenians]]|| align="right" | 126
| 0.07%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Slovaks of Serbia|Slovaks]]|| align="right" | 124
| 0.07%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Albanians in Serbia|Albanians]]|| align="right" | 109
| 0.06%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Bulgarians of Serbia|Bulgarians]]|| align="right" | 62
| 0.03%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Ukrainians]]||align="right" | 54
| 0,03%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Germans]]|| align="right" | 49
| 0.03%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |[[Romanians of Serbia|Romanians]]||align="right" | 49
| 0.03%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |Others||align="right" | 1,676
| 0.94%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5DC;" |Undeclared/Unknown||align="right" | 16,890
| 9.49%
|-
| style="background:#F0F0F0;" |'''Total'''|| align="right" | '''177,908'''
|
|}

== Administration ==
[[File:The Postal office in Zemun, Serbia.jpg|thumb|right|The Postal office in Zemun]]
The municipality of Zemun became part of the Belgrade City Area (''Teritorija grada Beograda'') with the division of [[Yugoslavia]] into [[Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia|banovinas]] by king [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia|Alexander I]] on October 3, 1929. On April 1, 1934, the municipality itself was absorbed into the municipality of Belgrade, so the post of the president of the municipality of Zemun was abolished and "Zemun section administrator" was appointed to the Belgrade's city government.

Between 1941 and 1944 it was occupied by the German army as part of the East Syrmia Occupation Zone (''Okupationsgebiet Ostsyrmien''). Germany technically recognised Zemun and surroundings as part of the [[Independent State of Croatia]] [[puppet regime]], but Zemun remained under direct German rule. During this time the [[Sajmište concentration camp]] was established, where over 20000 Jews, Romani and opponents of the Nazi regime died.

After 1945 Zemun was administratively divided into the City of Zemun and Zemun district (srez), unlike rest of Belgrade which was divided into [[raion]]s. In 1955 both City of Zemun and most of the Zemun district were incorporated into Belgrade again. In the 1950s and 1960s, municipalities of [[Boljevci]] and [[Dobanovci]] were annexed to the municipality of Surčin while Batajnica was annexed to Zemun itself. In 1965 [[Surčin]] was annexed to the municipality of Zemun which marked the largest territorial expansion of Zemun (438&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>). However, on November 24, 2003, Belgrade City assembly voted to re-create the municipality of Surčin, but it remained under the administration of Zemun until November 3, 2004, when separate municipal government was established after the local elections. A motion for [[Batajnica]] to split from Zemun too was active for a while in the early 2000s (see [[List of former and proposed municipalities of Belgrade]]).

Presidents of the municipality:
* October 3, 1929 – June 20, 1930: [[Petar S. Marković]]
* June 20, 1930 – December 8, 1931: [[Svetislav Popović]]
* December 9, 1931 – March 31, 1934: [[Miloš Đorić]]

Administrator of the Zemun section:
* 1934 – April 12, 1941: [[Nikola Folger]]

[[Nazi Germany|German]] mayors:
* April 13, 1941 – July 1941: [[Johannes Moser (administrator)|Johannes Moser]] (d. 1980)
* July 1941 – December 1941: [[Stefan Seifert]]
* December 1941 – October 1944: Johannes Moser (d. 1980)

[[Yugoslav Partisans|Partisan]] military administrator:
* October 22, 1944 – October 26, 1944: [[Milan Žeželj]] (1917–1995)

Presidents of the municipal assembly:
* October 26, 1944 – July 8, 1945: [[Ljubomir Milovanović]]
* July 8, 1945 – 1947: [[Dimitrije Anokić]]
* 1947–1949: [[Milenko Jovanović]]
* 1949–1950: [[Božidar Tomić]] (b. 1914)
* 1950: [[Lazar Popov]] (acting)
* 1950–1955: [[Stojan Svilarić]] (b. 1920)
* 1955–1958: [[Branko Pešić]] (1922–1986)
* 1958–1962: [[Aleksandar S. Jovanović]]
* 1962–1967: [[Čedomir Jovićević]]
* 1967–1971: [[Svetozar Papić]]
* 1971–1973: [[Radojko Filipović]]
* 1973–1974: [[Pavle Ilić]] (acting)
* 1974–1978: [[Branko S. Radivojević]] (b. 1932)
* 1978–1982: [[Ilija Kragović]]
* 1982–1986: [[Novak Rodić]]
* 1986–1989: [[Petar Stolica]]
* 1989: [[Dobrivoje Perović]]
* 1989–1992: [[Živko Davidović]] (b. 1935)
* 1992 – December 1996: [[Nenad Ribar]]
* December 1996 – April 1998: [[Vojislav Šešelj]] (b. 1954)
* April 1998 – October 17, 2000: [[Stevo Dragišić]] (b. 1971)
* October 17, 2000 – November 4, 2004: [[Vladan Janićijević]] (b. 1934)

Presidents of the municipality:
* November 4, 2004 – June 4, 2008: [[Gordana Pop-Lazić]] (b. 1956)
* June 4, 2008 – March 5, 2009: [[Slavko Jerković]] (b. 1959)
* March 5, 2009 – July 23, 2009: [[Zdravko Stanković]] (acting)
* July 23, 2009 – July 4, 2013: [[Branislav Prostran]] (b. 1976)
* July 4, 2013 – September 10, 2020: Dejan Matić (b. 1969)
* September 10, 2020 – present: Goran Kovačević (b. 1969)

== Economy ==
Zemun is one of the most developed municipalities of Belgrade, with developed industries in almost every branch. Zemun has two large and still growing industrial zones, one located along the highway and the other one along the road to Batajnica and further to [[Novi Sad]] (Galenika, Goveđi Brod, etc.). Industries include: heavy agricultural machines and appliances (''Zmaj''), precise and optical instruments and automatized appliances (''Teleoptik''), clocks (''INSA''), busses and other heavy vehicles (''[[Ikarbus]]''), pharmaceuticals (''[[Galenika a.d.|Galenika]]''), plastics (''Grmeč''), shoes (''Obuća Beograd''), textile (''TIZ'', ''Zekstra''), food, candies and chocolate (''Soko Štark''), metals (''IMPA'', ''Intersilver''), wood and furniture (''Gaj'', ''Reprek''), recycling (''INOS metali'' and ''INOS papir''), beverages (''[[Coca-Cola]]'', ''Navip''), chemicals (''Roma''), building materials (''DIA''), electronics, leather, etc. In addition to this dozens of halls, and warehouses are built throughout both industrial zones.

The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):<ref name="stats18">{{cite web|title=MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2019.|url=https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2019/PdfE/G201913046.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=[[Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia]] | date=25 December 2019|access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Activity
! Total
|-
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing||align="right" | 201
|-
| Mining and quarrying||align="right" | 13
|-
| Manufacturing||align="right" | 10,018
|-
| Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply||align="right" | 471
|-
| Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities||align="right" | 424
|-
| Construction||align="right" | 3,815
|-
| Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles||align="right" | 15,487
|-
| Transportation and storage||align="right" | 5,141
|-
| Accommodation and food services||align="right" | 2,419
|-
| Information and communication||align="right" | 1,600
|-
| Financial and insurance activities||align="right" | 483
|-
| Real estate activities||align="right" | 246
|-
| Professional, scientific and technical activities||align="right" | 3,758
|-
| Administrative and support service activities||align="right" | 5,444
|-
| Public administration and defense; compulsory social security||align="right" | 989
|-
| Education||align="right" | 4,731
|-
| Human health and social work activities||align="right" | 4,632
|-
| Arts, entertainment and recreation||align="right" | 1,147
|-
| Other service activities||align="right" | 1,060
|-
| Individual agricultural workers||align="right" | 88
|- class="sortbottom"
| '''Total'''||align="right" | '''62,198'''
|}

== Transportation ==
{{Railways in Zemun RDT}}

=== Road ===
Several important roads of Serbia run through the municipality. The Belgrade-Zagreb highway, the old (''Batajnički drum'') and new (highway) road Belgrade-Novi Sad, the still in construction starting point (Batajnica-Dobanovci) of the future [[Belgrade beltway]] (Batajnica-[[Bubanj Potok]]), Belgrade-Novi Sad railway, etc. Until 2014, Zemun had no bridges, apart from the seasonal [[pontoon bridge]] which connects the mainland with the Great War Island during summer. The first bridge over the Danube, [[Pupin Bridge]] which connected Zemun to [[Borča]], was completed in 2014.

In March 2016, [[mayor of Belgrade]] [[Siniša Mali]] announced the massive reconstruction of the [[Old Sava Bridge]].<ref name="padamost">{{cite web |url= http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/380827/Stari-savski-most-pada-u-vodu |author=Dejan Aleksić, Daliborka Mučibabić |title= Stari savski most pada u vodu |date=18 May 2017 | publisher= [[Politika]] | page= 1 & 16 |language=sr}}</ref><ref name="blic">{{cite web |url= http://www.blic.rs/vesti/beograd/rekonstrukcija-savskog-mosta-2017-godine/jh13d4h |author=Dijana Radisavljević|title= Rekonstrukcija Savskog mosta 2017 godine |date=17 March 2016 |publisher=[[Blic]] | language=sr}}</ref> However, in May 2017, after the project papers were publicized, it was obvious that the city actually wanted to demolish the bridge completely and build a new one. Citizens protested while the experts rejected the reasons named by the authorities, adding that it is a mere money throwing on the unnecessary project.<ref name="padamost"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rs.n1info.com/a249224/Vesti/Vesti/Peticija-da-se-ne-rusi-Stari-savski-most.html|author=Adam Santovac|title=Peticija da se ne ruši Stari savski most|date=16 May 2017|publisher=[[N1 (television)|N1]] | language=sr|access-date=4 August 2017|archive-date=9 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109141938/http://rs.n1info.com/a249224/Vesti/Vesti/Peticija-da-se-ne-rusi-Stari-savski-most.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mali said that the old bridge will not be demolished but moved, and that citizens will decide where, but he gave an idea to move it to Zemun, as the permanent pedestrian bridge to the Great War Island. In an article "Cloud over the Great War Island", Aleksandar Milenković, member of the Academy of Architecture of Serbia, opposed the motion. He expressed fear that having in mind the "synchronous ad hoc decisions of the administration", the reaction should be prompt as the seemingly benign idea is actually a strategically disastrous enterprise (concerning the protected wildlife on the island). He also suspects that the administration in this case, just as in all previous ones, will neglect the numerous theoretical and empirical guidelines.<ref>{{Citation | author = Dr Aleksandar Milenković | title = Oblak nad Velikim ratnim ostrvom | newspaper = Politika | language = sr | date = 26 July 2017 }}</ref>

=== River ===
In 2014 the government set the locality of the former port as the future revitalized port area.<ref name=uticaj>{{cite news| author = Branka Vasiljević | script-title=sr: Утицај пристаништа на животну средину | trans-title = Effect of the port on the environment | newspaper = Politika | page = 15 | language = sr | date = 28 December 2019}}</ref> In April 2018 it was announced that the pier for the touristic ships and cruisers will be built on the quay, constructed near the Old Port Authority (''Stara Kapetanija'') where the old Zemun port was located. It is designed to accept ships up to {{convert|120|m|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|15|m|abbr=on}} wide.<ref>{{cite news | author = Beta agency | title = Turistički kruzeri od sledeće sezone pristaju u Zemun | trans-title = Touristic cruisers will stop at Zemun from the next season | newspaper = [[Večernje Novosti]] | language = sr | date = 24 April 2018 | url = http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/beograd.74.html:723997-Turisticki-kruzeri-od-sledece-sezone-pristaju-u-Zemun }}</ref> It is the second international touristic pier in Belgrade, after the one in [[Savamala]], on the [[Sava]] river.<ref>{{cite news | author = Ana Vuković | title = Крузери ће пристајати у Земуну | trans-title = Cruisers will stop in Zemun | newspaper = Politika | page = 15 | language = sr | date = 26 April 2018 }}</ref> Construction ultimately began in June 2019 and the slabs from the previous embankment were discovered so as several submerged vessels.<ref>{{cite news | author = Branka Vasiljević | title = Niče pristan u Zemunu | trans-title = Pier in Zemun rising | newspaper = Politika | language = sr | date = 18 November 2019 | url = http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/442184/Nice-pristan-u-Zemunu}}</ref> The pier was finished on 6 June 2020.<ref>{{cite news | author = Julijana Simić Tenšić | script-title=sr: Земун добио међународни пристан | trans-title = Zemun got international pier | newspaper = Politika | language = sr | date = 7 June 2020}}</ref>

=== Railway ===
Gradual moving of trains from the [[Belgrade Main railway station]] to the new, [[Belgrade Centre railway station|Prokop station]] began in the early 2016. In December 2017, all but two national trains were dislocated to "Belgrade Center".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/ci/story/124/drustvo/2966305/prokop-od-danas-glavna-zeleznicka-stanica.html|title=Прокоп од данас главна железничка станица|first=RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of|last=Serbia|website=rts.rs|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref> In the scopes of dislocation, a new, central Belgrade [[freight station]] is planned in Zemun. But, the problems arose immediately. The Prokop is still not finished, has no station building and a proper access road and public transportation connections with the rest of the city. Additionally, it has no facilities for loading and unloading cars from the auto trains nor was ever planned top have one and this facility is to be a part of the Zemun freight station. Still, in January 2018 it was announced that the Main station will be completely closed for traffic on 1 July 2018, even though none of the projects needed for a complete dislocation of the railway traffic are finished. The Prokop is incomplete, a projected main freight station in Zemun is not being adapted at all while there is even no project on a Belgrade railway beltway.<ref name=vozovi>{{cite news | author = Dejan Aleksić | title = Posle 134 godine bez vozova u Savskom amfiteatru | trans-title = No more trains in Sava amphitheater after 134 years | newspaper = Politika | pages = 01 & 16 | language = sr | date = 16 January 2018 | url = http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/396502/Bez-vozova-u-Savskom-amfiteatru-posle-134-godine }}</ref>

A series of temporary solutions will have to be applied. One is a defunct and deteriorated [[Topčider]] station, which will be revitalized and adapted for auto trains, until the Zemun station becomes operational. Freight station in Zemun will be located between the already existing stations Zemun and Zemun Polje, on the area of {{convert|35|ha|abbr=on}}. Revitalization of the existing {{convert|6|km|abbr=on}} of tracks and {{convert|14,500|m2|abbr=on}} of buildings will be followed by the construction of the {{convert|17|km|abbr=on}} of new tracks and additional {{convert|18,800|m2|abbr=on}} of edifices. Deadline is also 2 years, but the works will start at the end of 2018. This means that the planned Belgrade railway junction won't be finished before 2021, at best. However, minister for transportation, [[Zorana Mihajlović]], in December 2017 gave conflicting deadlines. For the Zemun station, she said that it should be finished by the end of 2018, even though, as of January 2018, non of the works have started.<ref name=vozovi/>

=== Aerial ===
[[Batajnica Airbase]] with a limited civil traffic is also located in the municipality, near the Batajnica settlement.

In 1928, building company "Šumadija" proposed the construction of the [[Aerial lift|cable car]], which they called "air tram". The project was planned to connect Zemun to [[Kalemegdan]] on [[Belgrade Fortress]], via Great War Island. The interval of the cabins was set at 2 minutes and the entire route was supposed to last 5 minutes. The project was never realized.<ref>{{Citation | author = Dejan Spalović | title = San o žičari od Bloka 44 do Košutnjaka | newspaper = Politika | language = sr | date = 27 August 2012}}</ref>

=== Panoramic views ===
{{wide image|Dunav panorama Zemun.png|1000px|View of the [[Danube]], seen from Zemun quay}}

== Architecture, culture and education ==
[[File:Кула Сибињанин Јанка (Гардош Кула, Београд; Gardoš Tower in Belgrade).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Gardoš Tower]]]]
[[File:Поглед са Гардоша.jpg|thumb|right|View of Belgrade from Gardoš]]
[[File:Architecture in Zemun2.jpg|thumb|right|Mixed architecture, seen from the Main street (''Glavna'')]]

[[White Bear Tavern]] is a former kafana in the neighborhood of [[Ćukovac]]. First mentioned in 1658, it is the oldest surviving edifice on the urban territory of modern Belgrade, not counting the [[Belgrade Fortress]].<ref name="Politika">{{Citation | author = Daliborka Mučibabić | title = Kuća na Ćukovcu od 354 leta | newspaper = [[Politika]] | language = sr | date = 14 April 2012 | url = http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/215161/Kuca-na-Cukovcu-od-354-leta}}</ref> However, Zemun developed completely independently from Belgrade for centuries and for the most part during the history two towns belonged to two different states. Zemun became part of the same administrative unit as Belgrade on 4 October 1929,<ref>{{cite book|title=Službene novine KJ br. 232/29 (Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, No. 232/29) |date= 1929|language= sr }}</ref> lost a separate town status to Belgrade in 1934<ref>{{cite book|title=Prilog prošlosti gradskog parka u Zemunu od sedamdesetih godina XIX veka do 1914. godine (A contribution to the past history of the town park in Zemun from the 1870s to 1914) | author= Miodrag A. Dabižić |language= sr, en }}</ref> and made a continuous built-up area with Belgrade only since the 1950s. Hence, the [[House at 10 Cara Dušana Street]] in Belgrade's downtown neighborhood of [[Dorćol]] is usually named as the oldest house in Belgrade,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://beogradskonasledje.rs/kd/zavod/stari_grad/kuca_u_ulici_cara_dusana_br_10.html |title= Cultural monument – House at 10, Cara Dušana Street|publisher=Catalogue of the cultural properties in Belgrade}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | author = Milan Janković | title = Tajna kuće u Dušanovoj 10 | newspaper = Politika | pages = 15 | language = sr | date = 24 May 2010 | url = http://web.arhiv.rs/Develop/vesti.nsf/6eed627c386686adc125709e004bd6f7/1b781bdfdc1b123ac125772c006eff8e?OpenDocument}}</ref> while the White Bear Tavern is titled as the oldest house in Zemun.<ref name="danas">{{Citation | author = B.Cvejić | title = Najstarija kuća u Zemunu | newspaper = [[Danas (newspaper)|Danas]] | language = sr | date = 16 October 2016 | url = http://www.danas.rs/beograd.39.html?news_id=329977&title=Najstarija+ku%C4%87a+u+Zemunu}}</ref>

The first professional theatre in Zemun was established on 22 October 1969 in the Main Street (Maršala Tita at the time), as an offshoot of the [[National Theatre in Belgrade]].<ref>{{cite news|script-title=sr:Земун добио професионално позориште |trans-title=Zemun got a professional theatre |newspaper=[[Politika]] (reprint on 23 October 2019) |language=sr |date=23 October 1969}}</ref> [[Madlenianum Opera and Theatre]] was founded in 1997 as the first private opera in this part of Europe. The founder and the donor of Madlenianum is [[Madlena Zepter]]. Madlenianum has been organized as a model of a new musical-scenic theatre, without its permanent ensemble, but with a permanent organization and administration apparatus and a technical team.
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://operatheatremadlenianum.com/monografije-opere-i-teatra-madlenianum | title=Monografije Opere i teatra Madlenianum &#124; Opera & Theatre Madlenianum }}</ref>

The faculty of agriculture of the [[Belgrade University]] is located in Zemun, as well as many other important higher schools (Internal affairs, Economics, Technics and machines, Medicine, Zemun gymnasium) and institutes (Institute for agriculture and forestry, Institute for mining, world-famous Institute for corn in Zemun Polje, Institute for livestock, Institute for the implementation of the nuclear energy in agriculture, Institute for physics).

Zemun has a town museum, located in the historic [[Spirta House, Belgrade|Spirta House]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linkmedia |title=Zavičajni muzej Zemuna {{!}} Muzeji i galerije {{!}} Šta videti |url=https://www.tob.rs/sr/sta-videti/muzeji-i-galerije/zavicajni-muzej-zemuna |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=Tourist Organization of Belgrade |language=sr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Завичајни музеј Земуна |url=http://www.mgb.org.rs/visit/details/9 |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=www.mgb.org.rs}}</ref>

Two of Belgrade's major hospitals-clinical centers are located in Zemun: ''KBC Zemun'' and ''KBC Bežanijska Kosa'', as is the retirement home ''Bežanijska Kosa'', the largest one in Belgrade. Churches include the Gardoš cemetery church and the Hariš chapel, Saint Nicholas, Saint Archangel Gabriel and two Roman Catholic churches.

Zemun is known for many squares, though almost all of them are small in size: ''Magistratski'', ''Senjski'', ''Veliki'', ''Branka Radičevića'', ''Karađorđev'', ''Masarikov'', etc. On one of them, the Zemun open green market is located. The bank of the Danube is turned into Zemunski Kej, a kilometers long promenade, with various entertainment facilities along it, including barges-cafés, amusement park and especially formerly largest hotel in Belgrade, [[Hotel Jugoslavija]].

The remnants of the old town which existed during battles between Kingdom of Hungary and Byzantine Empire in the 12th century are known as ''Zemunski Grad'' (Zemun Town).{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} Today visible ruins however are of the [[medieval]] fortress (angular towers and parts of the defending wall) of the 1521 Ottoman siege. The ''Kula Sibinjanin Janka'' (The tower of [[Janos Hunyadi]]) or the Millennium tower was built and officially opened on August 20, 1896, to celebrate a thousand years of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] settlement in the [[Pannonian plain]]. The tower was built as a combination of various styles, mostly influenced by the Roman elements. Being a natural lookout, it was used by Zemun's firemen for decades. Today, the tower is better known after the [[Janos Hunyadi]], who actually died in the old fortress four and a half centuries before the tower was built. In general, Gardoš is today the most recognizable symbol of Zemun. For the most part, the neighborhood preserved its old looks, with narrow, still mostly [[cobblestone]]d streets unsuitable for modern vehicles, and individual residential houses.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}

There are five official parks in Zemun, though there are much more green areas in general. The largest and the oldest is the [[City Park in Zemun|City park]] (''Gradski park'', opened in 1886). There are also the [[Zemunski Kej|Kej Oslobođenja]] park (on the quay, renovated in November 2007), [[Kalvarija, Zemun#Kalvarija|Kalvarija]], [[Kalvarija, Zemun#Jelovac|Jelovac]] and Army park.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=1297064|title=Зоран Алимпић обишао обновљени парк на Мажуранићевом тргу|website=Град Београд – Званична интернет презентација – Зоран Алимпић обишао обновљени парк на Мажуранићевом тргу|access-date=22 April 2018|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213347/http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=1297064|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author = Branka Vasiljević | script-title=sr:"Парк фест" у најстаријој зеленој оази у Земуну | trans-title = "Park fest" in the oldest green oasis in Zemun | newspaper = Politika | page = 17 | language = sr | date = 24 May 2019}}</ref> There are also five official forests: three along the highway (Autoput Forest, Belgrade-Zagreb Highway Forests and Nacional Forest), which cover {{convert|54.18|ha}}, Bežanijska Kosa Forest, also along the highway ({{convert|26.06|ha}}), and Great and Little War Islands ({{convert|1.9|km2}}).<ref>{{cite book | script-title = sr: Пројекат "Зелена регулатива Београда" – IV фаза: План генералне регулације система зелених површина Београда (концепт плана) | trans-title = Project "Green regulations of Belgrade" – IV phase: Plan of the general regulation of the green area system in Belgrade (concept of the plan) | date = 2010 | author = Anica Teofilović, Vesna Isajlović, Milica Grozdanić | page = 41 | publisher = Urbanistički zavod Beograda | url = http://mapa.urbel.com/publish/PGR-SZP-Bgd_za_JU/003_Dokumentacija_plana_Knjiga_3/009_koncept_plana_sa_Izvestajem_o_izvrsenoj_strucnoj_kontroli/Koncept_PGR_sistema_zel_povrsina_KORIGOVAN.pdf | access-date = 2022-01-16 | archive-date = 2022-01-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115184220/http://mapa.urbel.com/publish/PGR-SZP-Bgd_za_JU/003_Dokumentacija_plana_Knjiga_3/009_koncept_plana_sa_Izvestajem_o_izvrsenoj_strucnoj_kontroli/Koncept_PGR_sistema_zel_povrsina_KORIGOVAN.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

== Sport ==
The most popular football club in Zemun is [[FK Zemun]], which plays currently in the [[Serbian First League]], the second tier of Serbian football league system, and [[FK Teleoptik|Teleoptik Zemun]], which plays currently in the [[Serbian League Belgrade]]. Teleoptik is nowadays generally considered [[FK Partizan|Partizan Belgrade]]'s farm team, with many of Partizan's youth players playing there to gain experience before being promoted to the first team. The municipality has several smaller stadiums, including those of FK Zemun, the [[Zemun Stadium]]. One of Belgrade's major sports halls, the [[Hala Pinki|Pinki Hall]], which is Named after [[Boško Palkovljević Pinki]], is also located in Zemun.

== International relations ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Serbia}}

=== Twin towns — Sister cities ===
Zemun is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skgo.org/php/opstine/detalji.php?Id%3D105%26IdSvojstva%3DMO |title=Zemun – Beograd |access-date=June 18, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927021247/http://www.skgo.org/php/opstine/detalji.php?Id=105&IdSvojstva=MO |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }} ''Stalna konferencija gradova i opština''. Retrieved on 2007-06-18.</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
* {{flagicon|PLE}} '''[[Al-Ram]]''', [[State of Palestine]]
* {{flagicon|BIH}} '''[[Banja Luka]]''', [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
* {{flagicon|NMK}} '''[[Bitola]]''', [[North Macedonia]]
* {{flagicon|LUX}} '''[[Esch-sur-Alzette]]''', [[Luxembourg]]
* {{flagicon|MNE}} '''[[Herceg Novi]]''', [[Montenegro]]
* {{flagicon|SVN}} '''[[Kranj]]''', [[Slovenia]]
||
* {{flagicon|GRE}} '''[[Corfu (city)|Corfu]]''', [[Greece]]
* {{flagicon|UK}} '''[[London Borough of Tower Hamlets|Tower Hamlets]]''', [[United Kingdom]]
* {{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Mödling]]''', [[Austria]]
* {{flagicon|GER}} '''[[Offenbach am Main]]''', [[Germany]]
* {{flagicon|NMK}} '''[[Ohrid]]''', [[North Macedonia]]
* {{flagicon|CRO}} '''[[Osijek]]''', [[Croatia]]
||
* {{flagicon|FRA}} '''[[Puteaux]]''', [[France]]<ref name="Puteaux twinnings">{{cite web | url = http://www.puteaux.fr/Ma-ville/Jumelage | title = Puteaux – Qu'est-ce que le jumelage? | access-date = 2013-12-28 | work = Mairie de Puteaux [Puteaux Official Website] | language = fr | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131126060605/http://www.puteaux.fr/Ma-ville/Jumelage | archive-date = 2013-11-26}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|SYR}} '''[[Rif Dimashq]]''', [[Syria]]
* {{flagicon|NED}} '''[[Tilburg]]''', [[Netherlands]]
* {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Velletri]]''', [[Italy]]
* {{flagicon|GRE}} '''[[Veroia]]''', [[Greece]]
|}

== Notable residents ==
* [[Judah Alkalai]]
* [[Dejan Čurović]]
* [[Ivan Dudić]]
* [[Aleksandar Karakašević]]
* [[Saša Kovačević (footballer)|Saša Kovačević]]
* [[Mladen Lazarević]]
* [[Ljubomir Magaš]]
* [[Baja Mali Knindža]]
* [[Goran Milošević]]
* [[Zoran Modli]]
* [[Vladica Popović]]
* [[Jovan Prokopljević]]
* [[Ivan Pudar]]
* [[Radovan Radaković]]
* [[Slavko Radovanović]]
* {{Interlanguage link|Boštjan Trilar|sl|Boštjan Trilar}}
* [[Đorđe Simić]]
* [[Darko Tresnjak]]

== See also ==
* [[Monastery of St. Archangel Gabriel, Zemun]]
* [[Subdivisions of Belgrade]]
* [[List of Belgrade neighbourhoods and suburbs]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

=== Bibliography ===
* ''Mala Enciklopedija Prosveta'', Third edition (1985); Prosveta; {{ISBN|86-07-00001-2}}
* Jovan Đ. Marković (1990): ''Enciklopedijski geografski leksikon Jugoslavije''; Svjetlost-Sarajevo; {{ISBN|86-01-02651-6}}

<!-- ===Notes===
{{notelist}} -->

== External links ==
{{commons category|Zemun}}
* {{official website|https://zemun.org.rs}}
* [http://www.zemunskenovine.rs Zemun]
* [http://www.360vr.rs/bg-vodic/gardos-zemun.php Gardoš Zemun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704011844/http://www.360vr.rs/bg-vodic/gardos-zemun.php |date=2011-07-04 }} 360 Virtual tour
* [http://www.gornjavaros.edu.rs Osnovna škola Gornja Varoš Zemun]

{{Neighbourhoods of Zemun}}
{{Municipalities of Serbia}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Zemun| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Syrmia]]
[[Category:Syrmia County]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Belgrade]]
[[Category:Neighborhoods of Belgrade]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Danube]]
[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Serbia]]
[[Category:Roman harbors in Germany]]
[[Category:Spatial Cultural-Historical Units of Great Importance]]