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{{short description|Series of Soviet spy satellites, 1961-2004}}
{{Other uses|Zenit (disambiguation){{!}}Zenit}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox spacecraft class
| name         = Zenit
| image        = Zenit space vehicle.jpg
| caption      = Zenit re-entry capsule, showing camera ports
| image_size   = 250px

| manufacturer = [[S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia|OKB-1]]
| country      = [[Soviet Union]]
| bus          = 
| applications = Photo reconnaissance

| operator     = Soviet space program
| lifetime     = 
| derivedfrom  = [[Vostok (spacecraft)|Vostok]]
| derivatives  = 
| Preceded     = <!--spacecraft class preceding-->
| Succeeded    = <!--spacecraft class succeeding-->

| status       = Retired
| built        = <!--Number built-->
| orders       = <!--Number of outstanding orders-->
| launched     = 688
| operational  = <!--Number operational-->
| retired      = <!--Number retired (nominally)-->
| failed       = <!--Number that failed in orbit (excluding launch failures)-->
| lost         = 21
| first        = 11 Dec 1961<br/><small>''Zenit 2-1''</small>
| last         = 7 Jun 1994<br/><small>[[Kosmos 2281]]</small>
| lastretired  = 8 Nov 2004<br/><small>''Zenit 8-103''</small>

| mass         = 
| power        = <!--Power systems on spacecraft-->
| batteries    = <!--Batteries installed on spacecraft-->
| equipment    = <!--Equipment on spacecraft (eg. transponders)-->
| dimensions   = 
}}

'''Zenit''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|Зени́т|lit=[[Zenith]]}}, {{IPA|ru|zʲɪˈnʲit|IPA}}) was a series of military [[Spy satellite|photoreconnaissance satellite]]s launched by the [[Soviet Union]] between 1961 and 1994. To conceal their nature, all flights were given the public [[Cosmos (satellite)|Kosmos]] designation.

== Description ==
The basic design of the Zenit satellites was similar to the [[Vostok spacecraft|Vostok]] crewed spacecraft, sharing the return and service modules.<ref name="gorin2"/> It consisted of a spherical re-entry capsule {{convert|2.3|m|ft}} in diameter with a mass of around {{convert|2400|kg|lb}}. This capsule contained the camera system, its film, recovery beacons, parachutes and a destruct charge. In orbit, this was attached to a service module that contained batteries, electronic equipment, an orientation system and a liquid-fuelled rocket engine that would slow the Zenit for re-entry, before the service module detached. The total length in orbit was around {{convert|5|m|ft}} and the total mass was between {{convert|4600|and|4740|kg|lb}}.<ref name="gorin2"/>

Unlike the American [[Corona (satellite)|CORONA]] spacecraft, the return capsule carried both the film and the cameras and kept them in a temperature-controlled pressurised environment. This simplified the design and engineering of the camera system but added considerably to the mass of the satellite. An advantage was that cameras could be reused.<ref name="gorin2"/> The camera would either land on the ground or be [[Mid-air retrieval| recovered in midair]] by a modified [[Mil Mi-8]] helicopter.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.airvectors.net/avmil8_1.html#m3 | title=&#91;1.0&#93; Mi-8 Variants }}</ref> 

Early Zenits were launched using the [[Vostok rocket]]; later versions used the [[Voskhod rocket|Voskhod]] and the [[Soyuz (rocket family)|Soyuz]] rockets. The first flights were launched from [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] but subsequent launches also took place at [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome]].

Most Zenits flew in a slightly elliptical [[orbit]] with a [[perigee]] of around {{convert|200|km|abbr=off}} and an [[apogee]] between {{convert|250|and|350|km|mi|abbr=off}}; the missions usually lasted between 8 and 15 days.

==History==
In 1956, the Soviet government issued a secret decree that authorised the development of "Object D" which led to the program to launch [[Sputnik 3]] ([[Sputnik 1]] was a simplified spin-off of the Object D program.) The text of the decree remains secret, but it apparently authorised another satellite program – "Object OD-1" – which was to be used for photo-reconnaissance from space.

By 1958, the [[S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia|OKB-1]] design bureau was simultaneously working on Object OD-1 and Object OD-2 – an early design for the [[Vostok spacecraft|Vostok]] crewed spacecraft. The development of Object OD-1 was experiencing serious difficulties so the head of OKB-1, [[Sergei Korolev]], initiated work to see if a design based on Object OD-2 could be used for an uncrewed photo-reconnaissance satellite. This may have been a political manoeuvre that would enable him to continue the crewed space program and avoid diverting more of OKB-1's resources into Object OD-1.<ref name="gorin2"/><ref name="harford"/><ref name="gorin"/><ref name="day"/>

Despite bitter opposition from the military the Soviet government endorsed Korolev's approach and issued decrees on 22 and 25 May 1959 which ordered the development of three different spacecraft, all based on the same basic, Object OD-2, design. Spacecraft 1K would be a simplified prototype, 2K was to be a reconnaissance satellite and 3K was to be for crewed flights. The name ''Vostok'' was also initially used for all three of these craft. But in 1961 the name became publicly known as the name of [[Yuri Gagarin]]'s spacecraft so the "Vostok 2" reconnaissance satellite was renamed "Zenit 2".<ref name="ea-z2"/>

The first Zenit launch attempt took place on 11 December 1961, but there was a fault in the rocket's third stage and the spacecraft was destroyed using its destruct charge. The second attempt — publicly referred to as [[Kosmos 4]] — was successfully launched on 26 April 1962 and re-entered three days later. However a failure in the orientation system meant few useful pictures were obtained; usable pictures had a resolution of about 5 to 7 meters. Launch #3 on 1 June 1962 failed dramatically when one of the 8A92 booster's strap-ons shut down at liftoff and fell onto the pad, exploding on impact. The rest of the launch vehicle crashed 300 meters away. This accident caused considerable damage to Site 1, delaying the flights of [[Vostok 3]] and [[Vostok 4]] by two months.

On 28 July 1962, Site 1 was back in service to host the next Zenit flight, which performed successfully. Testing continued over the next year largely without incident but on 10 July 1963, another launch accident occurred in practically identical fashion to the June 1962 failure. Once again, one of the strap-ons shut down at liftoff, separated from the booster, and exploded on impact with the pad while the rest of the launch vehicle crashed a few hundred feet away.

Examination of telemetry from the booster indicated that some sort of electrical failure occurred, but subsequent investigation took three months and finally concluded that a switch designed to cut power to the strap-ons at staging had malfunctioned, possibly due to liftoff-induced vibration. The electrical circuit in the 8A92 was redesigned and it never again experienced problems with the strap-ons shutting down at launch.<ref name="cosmopark"/>

Many versions of the satellite were developed for different reconnaissance missions and flights continued until 1994.<ref name="sven"/><ref name="zarya"/>

== Zenit variants ==
{{See also|List of Kosmos satellites}}
=== Zenit 2 ===
Zenit 2 was the first version to be launched between 1961 and 1970 (there was no ''Zenit 1'').{{r|ea-z2}}

The arrangement of cameras varied, but most flights carried four cameras of 1000 mm focal length, and one of 200 mm focal length. The single lower resolution camera was intended to provide low-resolution pictures that would help give a context to the high-resolution pictures.{{r|gorin2}}

Each camera had 1500 frames of film and from {{cvt|200|km}}, each frame held an image of a {{cvt|60|×|60|km}} square. The ground resolution was stated to be {{cvt|10|–|15|m}} although some unofficial sources claim it was much better—one source claims the number of cars in a car park could be counted. The cameras were developed at the [[Krasnogorsky Zavod|Krasnogorsk Optical-Mechanical Factory]] near Moscow. The Krasnogorsk factory, which had been producing a variety of optical equipment for the military since 1942, was also the manufacturer of the popular [[Zenit (camera)|Zenit SLR cameras]].{{r|gorin2}}

Zenit 2s also carried [[Signals intelligence|ELINT]] equipment called Kust-12M (bush) to receive [[NATO]] radar signals. The satellites carried a [[parabolic antenna]], around {{cvt|1|m}} in diameter, that is associated with this equipment. However, it is unclear if the antenna transmitted recorded signals to the ground or was for intercepting radar signals. In the latter case they would have been recorded on magnetic tape, to be retrieved after the return capsule landed.{{r|gorin2|hendrickx}}

There were 81 Zenit 2 launches. 58 were successful and 13 were partially successful. There were 9 failed missions, 2 because of a satellite malfunction and 7 because of a failure in the launch vehicle.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+'''Zenit-2'''{{r|gunter-z2|zarya-2}}
! No.
! Mission
! Launch date<br>(GMT)
! Landing date
! [[COSPAR ID]]
! Orbit
! Duration<br>(in orbit)
! Outcome

|-
! 1
| -
| 11 December 1961<br>09:39
| -
| -
| (Suborbital)
| -
| {{Failure}}

|-
! 2
| [[Kosmos 4]]
| 26 April 1962<br>10:02
| 29 April 1962
| 1962-014A
| 285 x 317 km
| {{time interval|26 Apr 1962|29 Apr 1962}}
| {{Partial failure}}

|-
! 3
| -
| 1 June 1962<br>09:38
| -
| -
| (Suborbital)
| -
| {{Failure}}

|-
! 4
| [[Kosmos 7]]
| 28 July 1962<br>09:18
| 1 August 1962
| 1962-033A
| 197 x 356 km
| {{time interval|28 Jul 1962|1 Aug 1962}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 5
| [[Kosmos 9]]
| 27 September 1962<br>09:39
| 1 October 1962
| 1962-048A
| 829 x 981 km
| {{time interval|27 Sept 1962|1 Oct 1962}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 6
| [[Kosmos 10]]
| 17 October 1962<br>09:00
| 21 October 1962
| 1962-054A
| 178 x 376 km
| {{time interval|17 Oct 1962|21 Oct 1962}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 7
| [[Kosmos 12]]
| 22 December 1962<br>09:23
| 30 December 1962
| 1962-072A
| 202 x 385 km
| {{time interval|22 Dec 1962|30 Dec 1962}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 8
| [[Kosmos 13]]
| 21 March 1963<br>08:30
| 29 March 1963
| 1963-006A
| 214 x 303 km
| {{time interval|21 Mar 1963|29 Mar 1963}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 9
| [[Kosmos 15]]
| 22 April 1963<br>08:30
| 27 April 1963
| 1963-011A
| 194 x 336 km
| {{time interval|22 Apr 1963|27 Apr 1963}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 10
| [[Kosmos 16]]
| 28 April 1963<br>08:50
| 8 May 1963
| 1963-012A
| 201 x 379 km
| {{time interval|22 Apr 1963|8 May 1963}}
| {{Partial failure}}

|-
! 11
| [[Kosmos 18]]
| 24 May 1963<br>10:33
| 2 June 1963
| 1963-018A
| 212 x 269 km
| {{time interval|24 May 1963|2 Jun 1963}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 12
| -
| 10 July 1963
| -
| -
| (Suborbital)
| -
| {{Failure}}

|-
! 13
| [[Kosmos 20]]
| 18 October 1963<br>09:29
| 26 October 1963
| 1963-040A
| 201 x 296 km
| {{time interval|18 Oct 1963|26 Oct 1963}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 14
| -
| 28 November 1963
| -
| -
| (Suborbital)
| -
| {{Failure}}

|-
! 15
| [[Kosmos 24]]
| 19 December 1963<br>09:28
| 28 December 1963
| 1963-052A
| 204 x 391 km
| {{time interval|19 Dec 1963|28 Dec 1963}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 16
| [[Kosmos 28]]
| 4 April 1964<br>09:36
| 12 April 1964
| 1964-017A
| 213 x 373 km
| {{time interval|4 Apr 1964|12 Apr 1964}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 17
| [[Kosmos 29]]
| 25 April 1964<br>10:19
| 2 May 1964
| 1964-021A
| 203 x 292 km
| {{time interval|25 Apr 1964|2 May 1964}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 18
| [[Kosmos 32]]
| 10 June 1964<br>10:48
| 18 June 1964
| 1964-029A
| 205 x 322 km
| {{time interval|10 Jun 1964|18 Jun 1964}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 19
| [[Kosmos 33]]
| 23 June 1964<br>10:19
| 1 July 1964
| 1964-033A
| 205 x 279 km
| {{time interval|23 Jun 1964|1 Jul 1964}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 20
| [[Kosmos 35]]
| 15 July 1964<br>11:31
| 23 July 1964
| 1964-039A
| 218 x 258 km
| {{time interval|15 Jul 1964|23 Jul 1964}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 21
| [[Kosmos 37]]
| 14 August 1964<br>09:36
| 22 August 1964
| 1964-044A
| 208 x 240 km
| {{time interval|14 Aug 1964|22 Aug 1964}}
| {{Partial failure}}

|-
! 22
| [[Kosmos 46]]
| 24 September 1964<br>12:00
| 2 October 1964
| 1964-059A
| 211 x 264 km
| {{time interval|24 Sept 1964|2 Oct 1964}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 23
| [[Kosmos 48]]
| 14 October 1964<br>09:50
| 20 October 1964
| 1964-066A
| 204 x 284 km
| {{time interval|14 Oct 1964|20 Oct 1964}}
| {{Partial failure}}

|-
! 24
| [[Kosmos 50]]
| 28 October 1964<br>10:48
| 5 November 1964
| 1964-070A
| 190 x 233 km
| {{time interval|28 Oct 1964|5 Nov 1964}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 25
| [[Kosmos 52]]
| 11 January 1965<br>09:36
| 19 January 1965
| 1965-001A
| 203 x 298 km
| {{time interval|11 Jan 1965|19 Jan 1965}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 26
| [[Kosmos 64]]
| 25 March 1965<br>10:04
| 2 April 1965
| 1965-025A
| 205 x 250 km
| {{time interval|25 Mar 1965|2 Apr 1965}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 27
| [[Kosmos 66]]
| 7 May 1965<br>09:50
| 15 May 1965
| 1965-035A
| 285 x 397 km
| {{time interval|7 May 1965|15 May 1965}}
| {{Failure}}

|-
! 28
| [[Kosmos 68]]
| 15 June 1965<br>10:04
| 23 June 1965
| 1965-046A
| 208 x 306 km
| {{time interval|15 Jun 1965|23 Jun 1965}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 29
| -
| 13 July 1965
| -
| -
| (Suborbital)
| -
| {{Failure}}

|-
! 30
| [[Kosmos 78]]
| 14 August 1965<br>11:16
| 22 August 1965
| 1965-066A
| 330 x 379 km
| {{time interval|14 Aug 1965|22 Aug 1965}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 31
| [[Kosmos 98]]
| 27 November 1965<br>08:24
| 5 December 1965
| 1965-097A
| 205 x 547 km
| {{time interval|27 Nov 1965|5 Dec 1965}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 32
| [[Kosmos 99]]
| 10 December 1965<br>08:09
| 18 December 1965
| 1965-103A
| 203 x 309 km
| {{time interval|10 Dec 1965|18 Dec 1965}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 33
| [[Kosmos 104]]
| 7 January 1966<br>08:24
| 15 January 1966
| 1966-001A
| 195 x 379 km
| {{time interval|7 Jan 1966|15 Jan 1966}}
| {{Partial failure}}

|-
! 34
| [[Kosmos 105]]
| 22 January 1966<br>08:38
| 30 January 1966
| 1966-003A
| 203 x 311 km
| {{time interval|22 Jan 1966|30 Jan 1966}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 35
| [[Kosmos 107]]
| 10 February 1966<br>08:52
| 18 February 1966
| 1966-010A
| 216 x 313 km
| {{time interval|10 Feb 1966|18 Feb 1966}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 36
| [[Kosmos 112]]
| 17 March 1966<br>10:28
| 25 March 1966
| 1966-021A
| 214 x 664 km
| {{time interval|17 Mar 1966|25 Mar 1966}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 37
| [[Kosmos 115]]
| 20 April 1966<br>10:48
| 28 April 1966
| 1966-033A
| 189 x 283 km
| {{time interval|20 Apr 1966|28 Apr 1966}}
| {{Partial failure}}

|-
! 38
| [[Kosmos 117]]
| 6 May 1966<br>11:02
| 14 May 1966
| 1966-037A
| 200 x 314 km
| {{time interval|6 May 1966|14 May 1966}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 39
| [[Kosmos 120]]
| 8 June 1966<br>11:02
| 16 June 1966
| 1966-050A
| 201 x 331 km
| {{time interval|8 Jun 1966|16 Jun 1966}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 40
| [[Kosmos 124]]
| 14 July 1966<br>10:33
| 22 July 1966
| 1966-064A
| 202 x 282 km
| {{time interval|14 Jul 1966|22 Jul 1966}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 41
| -
| 16 September 1966<br>09:30
| -
| -
| (Suborbital)
| -
| {{Failure}}

|-
! 42
| [[Kosmos 129]]
| 14 October 1966<br>12:13
| 21 October 1966
| 1966-091A
| 199 x 288 km
| {{time interval|14 Oct 1966|21 Oct 1966}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 43
| [[Kosmos 132]]
| 19 November 1966<br>08:09
| 27 November 1966
| 1966-106A
| 202 x 257 km
| {{time interval|19 Nov 1966|27 Nov 1966}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 44
| [[Kosmos 136]]
| 19 December 1966<br>12:00
| 27 December 1966
| 1966-064A
| 202 x 282 km
| {{time interval|19 Dec 1966|27 Dec 1966}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 45
| [[Kosmos 138]]
| 19 January 1967<br>12:39
| 27 January 1967
| 1967-004A
| 190 x 273 km
| {{time interval|19 Jan 1967|27 Jan 1967}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 46
| [[Kosmos 143]]
| 27 February 1967<br>08:45
| 7 March 1967
| 1967-017A
| 202 x 390 km
| {{time interval|27 Feb 1967|7 Mar 1967}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 47
| [[Kosmos 147]]
| 13 March 1967<br>12:10
| 21 March 1967
| 1967-022A
| 195 x 298 km
| {{time interval|13 Mar 1967|21 Mar 1967}}
| {{Partial failure}}

|-
! 48
| [[Kosmos 153]]
| 4 April 1967<br>14:00
| 12 April 1967
| 1967-030A
| 199 x 279 km
| {{time interval|4 Apr 1967|12 Apr 1967}}
| {{Partial failure}}

|-
! 49
| [[Kosmos 157]]
| 12 May 1967<br>10:30
| 20 May 1967
| 1967-044A
| 249 x 262 km
| {{time interval|12 May 1967|20 May 1967}}
| {{Partial failure}}

|-
! 50
| [[Kosmos 164]]
| 8 June 1967<br>13:00
| 14 Jun 1967
| 1967-057A
| 185 x 317 km
| {{time interval|8 Jun 1967|14 Jun 1967}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 51
| [[Kosmos 168]]
| 4 July 1967<br>05:59
| 12 July 1967
| 1967-067A
| 223 x 230 km
| {{time interval|4 Jul 1967|12 Jul 1967}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 52
| -
| 1 September 1967<br>10:30
| -
| -
| (Suborbital)
| -
| {{Failure}}

|-
! 53
| [[Kosmos 177]]
| 16 September 1967<br>06:06
| 24 September 1967
| 1967-088A
| 201 x 267 km
| {{time interval|16 Sept 1967|24 Sept 1967}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 54
| [[Kosmos 180]]
| 26 September 1967<br>10:20
| 4 October 1967
| 1967-093A
| 206 x 350 km
| {{time interval|26 Sept 1967|4 Oct 1967}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 55
| [[Kosmos 181]]
| 11 October 1967<br>11:30
| 19 October 1967
| 1967-067A
| 198 x 325 km
| {{time interval|11 Oct 1967|19 Oct 1967}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 56
| [[Kosmos 193]]
| 25 November 1967<br>11:30
| 3 December 1967
| 1967-117A
| 745 x 756 km
| {{time interval|25 Nov 1967|3 Dec 1967}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 57
| [[Kosmos 195]]
| 16 December 1967<br>12:00
| 24 December 1967
| 1967-124A
| 204 x 352 km
| {{time interval|16 Dec 1967|24 Dec 1967}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 58
| [[Kosmos 199]]
| 16 January 1968<br>12:00
| 1 February 1968
| 1968-003C
| 206 x 363 km
| {{time interval|16 Jan 1968|1 Feb 1968}}
| {{Failure}}

|-
! 59
| [[Kosmos 205]]
| 5 March 1968<br>12:30
| 13 March 1968
| 1968-016A
| 197 x 293 km
| {{time interval|5 Mar 1968|13 Mar 1968}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 60
| [[Kosmos 210]]
| 3 April 1968<br>11:00
| 11 April 1968
| 1968-024A
| 200 x 373 km
| {{time interval|3 Apr 1968|11 Apr 1968}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 61
| [[Kosmos 216]]
| 20 April 1968<br>10:30
| 28 April 1968
| 1968-034A
| 198 x 267 km
| {{time interval|20 Apr 1968|28 Apr 1968}}
| {{Partial failure}}

|-
! 62
| [[Kosmos 223]]
| 1 June 1968<br>10:50
| 9 June 1968
| 1968-045A
| 221 x 317 km
| {{time interval|1 Jun 1968|9 Jun 1968}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 63
| [[Kosmos 231]]
| 10 July 1968<br>19:49
| 18 July 1968
| 1968-058A
| 206 x 311 km
| {{time interval|10 Jul 1968|18 Jul 1968}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 64
| [[Kosmos 235]]
| 9 August 1968<br>07:00
| 17 August 1968
| 1968-067A
| 201 x 281 km
| {{time interval|9 Aug 1968|17 Aug 1968}}
| {{Partial failure}}

|-
! 65
| [[Kosmos 240]]
| 14 September 1968<br>06:50
| 21 September 1968
| 1968-075A
| 203 x 283 km
| {{time interval|14 Sept 1968|21 Sept 1968}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 66
| [[Kosmos 247]]
| 11 October 1968<br>12:05
| 19 October 1968
| 1968-088A
| 199 x 345 km
| {{time interval|11 Oct 1968|19 Oct 1968}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 67
| [[Kosmos 253]]
| 13 November 1968<br>12:00
| 18 November 1968
| 1968-102A
| 216 x 337 km
| {{time interval|13 Nov 1968|18 Nov 1968}}
| {{Partial failure}}

|-
! 68
| [[Kosmos 255]]
| 29 November 1968<br>12:40
| 7 December 1968
| 1968-105A
| 197 x 317 km
| {{time interval|29 Nov 1968|7 Dec 1968}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 69
| [[Kosmos 258]]
| 10 December 1968<br>08:25
| 18 December 1968
| 1968-111A
| 205 x 298 km
| {{time interval|10 Dec 1968|18 Dec 1968}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 70
| [[Kosmos 263]]
| 12 January 1969<br>12:10
| 20 January 1969
| 1969-003A
| 200 x 325 km
| {{time interval|12 Jan 1969|20 Jan 1969}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 71
| [[Kosmos 266]]
| 25 February 1969<br>10:20
| 5 March 1969
| 1969-015A
| 202 x 336 km
| {{time interval|25 Feb 1969|5 Mar 1969}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 72
| [[Kosmos 273]]
| 22 March 1969<br>12:15
| 30 March 1969
| 1969-027A
| 200 x 336 km
| {{time interval|22 Mar 1969|30 Mar 1969}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 73
| [[Kosmos 278]]
| 9 April 1969<br>13:00
| 17 April 1969
| 1969-034A
| 198 x 310 km
| {{time interval|9 Apr 1969|17 Apr 1969}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 74
| [[Kosmos 281]]
| 13 May 1969<br>09:15
| 21 May 1969
| 1969-042A
| 191 x 303 km
| {{time interval|13 May 1969|21 May 1969}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 75
| [[Kosmos 287]]
| 24 June 1969<br>06:50
| 2 July 1969
| 1969-054A
| 189 x 265 km
| {{time interval|24 Jun 1969|2 Jul 1969}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 76
| [[Kosmos 290]]
| 22 July 1969<br>12:30
| 30 July 1969
| 1969-060A
| 195 x 332 km
| {{time interval|22 Jul 1969|30 Jul 1969}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 77
| [[Kosmos 301]]
| 24 September 1969<br>12:15
| 2 October 1969
| 1969-081A
| 203 x 271 km
| {{time interval|24 Sept 1969|2 Oct 1969}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 78
| [[Kosmos 309]]
| 12 November 1969<br>11:30
| 20 November 1969
| 1969-098A
| 185 x 364 km
| {{time interval|12 Nov 1969|20 Nov 1969}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 79
| [[Kosmos 325]]
| 4 March 1970<br>12:14
| 12 March 1970
| 1970-015A
| 200 x 327 km
| {{time interval|4 Mar 1970|12 Mar 1970}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 80
| [[Kosmos 326]]
| 13 March 1970<br>08:00
| 21 March 1970
| 1970-018A
| 208 x 232 km
| {{time interval|13 Mar 1970|21 Mar 1970}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 81
| [[Kosmos 344]]
| 12 May 1970<br>10:10
| 20 May 1970
| 1970-038A
| 204 x 326 km
| {{time interval|12 May 1970|20 May 1970}}
| {{Partial failure}}

|}

=== Zenit 2M ===
Improvements included a new camera system and the addition of solar panels. As the spacecraft mass was increased to 6300&nbsp;kg, the Vostok rocket was replaced by the [[Voskhod (rocket)|Voskhod rocket]] and 
[[Soyuz (rocket)|Soyuz rocket]]s. In common with Zenit 2 satellites this also had an [[Signals intelligence|ELINT]] payload.<ref name="hendrickx"/>

A total of 101 Zenit-2M satellites were launched between 1968 and 1979<ref name="gunter-z2m"/><ref name="gunter-z2mn"/><ref name="zarya-2m"/>
{|style="width:100%;"
|
*[[Kosmos 208]]
*[[Kosmos 228]]
*[[Kosmos 243]]
*[[Kosmos 293]]
*[[Kosmos 306]]
*[[Kosmos 313]]
*[[Kosmos 318]]
*[[Kosmos 329]]
*[[Kosmos 350]]
*[[Kosmos 353]]
*[[Kosmos 363]]
*[[Kosmos 366]]
*[[Kosmos 368]]
*[[Kosmos 377]]
*[[Kosmos 384]]
*[[Kosmos 392]]
*''Zenit 2M-17''
*[[Kosmos 403]]
*[[Kosmos 410]]
*[[Kosmos 428]]
*[[Kosmos 431]]
*[[Kosmos 439]]
|
*[[Kosmos 443]]
*''Zenit 2M-24''
*[[Kosmos 473]]
*[[Kosmos 477]]
*[[Kosmos 484]]
*[[Kosmos 490]]
*[[Kosmos 493]]
*[[Kosmos 512]]
*[[Kosmos 517]]
*[[Kosmos 518]]
*[[Kosmos 525]]
*[[Kosmos 537]]
*[[Kosmos 547]]
*[[Kosmos 552]]
*[[Kosmos 555]]
*[[Kosmos 561]]
*[[Kosmos 575]]
*[[Kosmos 578]]
*[[Kosmos 583]]
*[[Kosmos 596]]
*[[Kosmos 599]]
*[[Kosmos 629]]
|
*[[Kosmos 635]]
*[[Kosmos 640]]
*[[Kosmos 653]]
*[[Kosmos 658]]
*[[Kosmos 669]]
*''Zenit 2M-50''
*[[Kosmos 685]]
*[[Kosmos 692]]
*[[Kosmos 696]]
*[[Kosmos 702]]
*[[Kosmos 721]]
*[[Kosmos 728]]
*[[Kosmos 731]]
*[[Kosmos 741]]
*[[Kosmos 747]]
*[[Kosmos 751]]
*[[Kosmos 769]]
*[[Kosmos 776]]
*[[Kosmos 780]]
|
*[[Kosmos 784]]
*[[Kosmos 799]]
*[[Kosmos 809]]
*[[Kosmos 813]]
*[[Kosmos 819]]
*[[Kosmos 834]]
*[[Kosmos 840]]
*[[Kosmos 848]]
*[[Kosmos 856]]
*[[Kosmos 865]]
*[[Kosmos 879]]
*[[Kosmos 889]]
*[[Kosmos 898]]
*[[Kosmos 904]]
*[[Kosmos 914]]
*[[Kosmos 922]]
*[[Kosmos 935]]
*[[Kosmos 947]]
*[[Kosmos 950]]
|
*[[Kosmos 966]]
*[[Kosmos 973]]
*[[Kosmos 984]]
*[[Kosmos 992]]
*[[Kosmos 995]]
*[[Kosmos 1002]]
*[[Kosmos 1004]]
*[[Kosmos 1012]]
*[[Kosmos 1032]]
*[[Kosmos 1044]]
*[[Kosmos 1060]]
*[[Kosmos 1061]]
*[[Kosmos 1070]]
*''Zenit 2M-95''
*[[Kosmos 1090]]
*[[Kosmos 1102]]
*[[Kosmos 1106]]
*[[Kosmos 1118]]
*[[Kosmos 1122]]
|}

=== Zenit 4 ===
Unlike Zenit 2, little information on Zenit 4 has been released. The Zenit 4 was intended for high-resolution photography and carried one camera of 3000&nbsp;mm focal length as well as a 200&nbsp;mm camera. The focal length of the main camera was greater than the diameter of the capsule so the camera made use of a mirror to fold the light path. The ground resolution is not publicly known but it is believed to have been 1–2 metre.

The Zenit 4 had a mass of 6300&nbsp;kg — around 1800&nbsp;kg more than the Zenit 2. So, instead of the Vostok rocket, it was launched by the heavier Voskhod rocket. A total of 76 Zenit-4 satellites were flown between 1963 and 1970.<ref name="gorin2"/><ref name="gunter-z4"/><ref name="zarya-4"/>
{|style="width:100%;"
|
*[[Kosmos 22]]
*[[Kosmos 30]]
*[[Kosmos 34]]
*[[Kosmos 45]]
*[[Kosmos 59]]
*[[Kosmos 65]]
*[[Kosmos 67]]
*[[Kosmos 69]]
*[[Kosmos 77]]
*[[Kosmos 79]]
*[[Kosmos 85]]
*[[Kosmos 91]]
*[[Kosmos 92]]
*[[Kosmos 94]]
*[[Kosmos 109]]
*[[Kosmos 113]]
|
*[[Kosmos 114]]
*''Zenit 4-18''
*[[Kosmos 121]]
*[[Kosmos 126]]
*[[Kosmos 127]]
*[[Kosmos 128]]
*[[Kosmos 130]]
*[[Kosmos 131]]
*[[Kosmos 134]]
*[[Kosmos 141]]
*[[Kosmos 150]]
*[[Kosmos 155]]
*[[Kosmos 161]]
*[[Kosmos 162]]
*''Zenit 4-31''
*''Zenit 4-32''
|
*[[Kosmos 172]]
*[[Kosmos 175]]
*[[Kosmos 182]]
*[[Kosmos 190]]
*[[Kosmos 194]]
*[[Kosmos 201]]
*[[Kosmos 207]]
*[[Kosmos 214]]
*[[Kosmos 224]]
*[[Kosmos 227]]
*[[Kosmos 229]]
*[[Kosmos 232]]
*[[Kosmos 234]]
*[[Kosmos 237]]
*[[Kosmos 239]]
*[[Kosmos 241]]
|
*[[Kosmos 246]]
*[[Kosmos 254]]
*[[Kosmos 267]]
*[[Kosmos 270]]
*[[Kosmos 271]]
*[[Kosmos 274]]
*[[Kosmos 276]]
*[[Kosmos 279]]
*[[Kosmos 282]]
*[[Kosmos 284]]
*[[Kosmos 286]]
*[[Kosmos 288]]
*[[Kosmos 289]]
*[[Kosmos 294]]
|
*[[Kosmos 296]]
*[[Kosmos 297]]
*[[Kosmos 299]]
*[[Kosmos 302]]
*[[Kosmos 310]]
*[[Kosmos 322]]
*[[Kosmos 323]]
*[[Kosmos 331]]
*[[Kosmos 345]]
*[[Kosmos 346]]
*[[Kosmos 349]]
*[[Kosmos 352]]
*''Zenit 4-75''
*[[Kosmos 355]]
|}

=== Zenit 4 M ===
An improved version of the Zenit 4, the Zenit 4M carried a new camera, [[Solar panels on spacecraft|solar panels]], and a restartable engine so the satellite's orbit could be altered during the course of its mission. The mission duration was 13 days.

A total of 61 Zenit-4M satellites were launched between 1968 and 1974.<ref name="gunter-4m"/><ref name="zarya-4m"/>
{|style="width:100%;"
|
*[[Kosmos 251]]
*[[Kosmos 264]]
*[[Kosmos 280]]
*[[Kosmos 333]]
*[[Kosmos 360]]
*[[Kosmos 361]]
*[[Kosmos 370]]
*[[Kosmos 376]]
*[[Kosmos 386]]
*[[Kosmos 390]]
*[[Kosmos 396]]
*[[Kosmos 399]]
*[[Kosmos 401]]
|
*[[Kosmos 406]]
*[[Kosmos 420]]
*[[Kosmos 424]]
*''Zenit 4M-17''
*[[Kosmos 429]]
*[[Kosmos 430]]
*[[Kosmos 432]]
*''Zenit 4M-21''
*[[Kosmos 441]]
*[[Kosmos 442]]
*[[Kosmos 452]]
*[[Kosmos 454]]
*[[Kosmos 456]]
|
*[[Kosmos 463]]
*[[Kosmos 464]]
*[[Kosmos 466]]
*[[Kosmos 471]]
*[[Kosmos 474]]
*[[Kosmos 478]]
*[[Kosmos 483]]
*[[Kosmos 486]]
*[[Kosmos 491]]
*[[Kosmos 492]]
*[[Kosmos 495]]
*[[Kosmos 499]]
*[[Kosmos 503]]
|
*[[Kosmos 513]]
*''Zenit 4M-41''
*[[Kosmos 519]]
*[[Kosmos 522]]
*[[Kosmos 538]]
*[[Kosmos 543]]
*[[Kosmos 548]]
*[[Kosmos 551]]
*[[Kosmos 560]]
*[[Kosmos 563]]
*[[Kosmos 572]]
|
*''Zenit 4M-51''
*[[Kosmos 577]]
*[[Kosmos 579]]
*[[Kosmos 581]]
*[[Kosmos 584]]
*[[Kosmos 598]]
*[[Kosmos 600]]
*[[Kosmos 603]]
*[[Kosmos 609]]
*[[Kosmos 632]]
*[[Kosmos 667]]
|}

=== Zenit 4 MK ===
These may have been versions of the Zenit 4 designed specifically to fly in lower orbits to improve image resolution. Some sources claim they were fitted with devices to compensate for aerodynamic drag and to withstand the effects of [[aerodynamic heating]].

A total of 80 Zenit-4MK satellites were launched between 1969 and 1977.<ref name="gunter-4mk"/><ref name="zarya-4mk"/>
{|style="width:100%;"
|
*[[Kosmos 317]]
*[[Kosmos 328]]
*[[Kosmos 364]]
*[[Kosmos 383]]
*[[Kosmos 427]]
*[[Kosmos 438]]
*[[Kosmos 488]]
*[[Kosmos 515]]
*[[Kosmos 527]]
*[[Kosmos 550]]
*[[Kosmos 554]]
*[[Kosmos 556]]
*[[Kosmos 559]]
*[[Kosmos 587]]
*[[Kosmos 597]]
*[[Kosmos 602]]
|
*[[Kosmos 607]]
*[[Kosmos 612]]
*[[Kosmos 625]]
*[[Kosmos 630]]
*[[Kosmos 636]]
*[[Kosmos 639]]
*''Zenit 4MK-23''
*[[Kosmos 649]]
*[[Kosmos 652]]
*[[Kosmos 657]]
*[[Kosmos 659]]
*[[Kosmos 666]]
*[[Kosmos 671]]
*[[Kosmos 674]]
*[[Kosmos 688]]
*[[Kosmos 691]]
|
*[[Kosmos 694]]
*[[Kosmos 701]]
*[[Kosmos 704]]
*[[Kosmos 709]]
*[[Kosmos 710]]
*[[Kosmos 719]]
*[[Kosmos 722]]
*[[Kosmos 727]]
*[[Kosmos 730]]
*[[Kosmos 740]]
*[[Kosmos 742]]
*[[Kosmos 743]]
*[[Kosmos 746]]
*[[Kosmos 748]]
*[[Kosmos 753]]
*[[Kosmos 754]]
|
*[[Kosmos 757]]
*[[Kosmos 760]]
*[[Kosmos 774]]
*[[Kosmos 779]]
*[[Kosmos 786]]
*[[Kosmos 788]]
*[[Kosmos 802]]
*[[Kosmos 806]]
*[[Kosmos 810]]
*[[Kosmos 815]]
*[[Kosmos 817]]
*[[Kosmos 821]]
*[[Kosmos 824]]
*[[Kosmos 833]]
*[[Kosmos 835]]
*[[Kosmos 847]]
|
*[[Kosmos 852]]
*[[Kosmos 854]]
*[[Kosmos 857]]
*[[Kosmos 859]]
*[[Kosmos 863]]
*[[Kosmos 866]]
*[[Kosmos 884]]
*[[Kosmos 888]]
*[[Kosmos 892]]
*''Zenit 4MK-74''
*[[Kosmos 897]]
*[[Kosmos 902]]
*[[Kosmos 907]]
*[[Kosmos 908]]
*[[Kosmos 915]]
*[[Kosmos 920]]
|}

=== Zenit 4 MKM ===
Intended to replace the 4MK design, the 4MKM may have been a low altitude variant of the later Zenit-6U and have similar equipment to it<ref name=ea-4mkm/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+'''Zenit-4MKM (Gerakl)'''<ref name="gunter-4mkm"/><ref name="zarya-4mkm"/>
! No.
! Mission
! Launch date<br>(GMT)
! Landing date
! [[COSPAR ID]]
! Orbit
! Duration<br>(in orbit)
! Outcome

|-
! 1
| [[Kosmos 927]]
| 12 July 1977<br>09:00
| 25 July 1977
| 1977-063A
| 153 x 361 km
| {{time interval|12 Jul 1977|25 Jul 1977}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 2
| [[Kosmos 932]]
| 20 July 1977<br>07:35
| 2 August 1977
| 1977-069A
| 150 x 358 km
| {{time interval|20 Jul 1977|2 Aug 1977}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 3
| -
| 10 August 1977<br>10:40
| -
| -
| (Suborbital)
| -
| {{Failure}}

|-
! 4
| [[Kosmos 938]]
| 24 August 1977<br>14:30
| 6 September 1977
| 1977-078A
| 181 x 340 km
| {{time interval|24 Aug 1977|6 Sept 1977}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 5
| [[Kosmos 953]]
| 16 September 1977<br>14:30
| 29 September 1977
| 1977-089A
| 180 x 330 km
| {{time interval|16 Sept 1977|29 Sept 1977}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 6
| [[Kosmos 957]]
| 30 September 1977<br>09:46
| 13 October 1977
| 1977-098A
| 171 x 361 km
| {{time interval|30 Sept 1977|13 Oct 1977}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 7
| [[Kosmos 964]]
| 4 December 1977<br>12:00
| 17 December 1977
| 1977-110A
| 171 x 362 km
| {{time interval|4 Dec 1977|17 Dec 1977}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 8
| [[Kosmos 969]]
| 20 December 1977<br>15:50
| 3 January 1978
| 1977-120A
| 180 x 317 km
| {{time interval|20 Dec 1977|3 Jan 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 9
| [[Kosmos 974]]
| 6 January 1978<br>15:50
| 19 January 1978
| 1978-001A
| 178 x 334 km
| {{time interval|6 Jan 1978|19 Jan 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 10
| [[Kosmos 986]]
| 24 January 1978<br>09:50
| 7 February 1978
| 1978-010A
| 172 x 318 km
| {{time interval|24 Jan 1978|7 Feb 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 11
| [[Kosmos 987]]
| 31 January 1978<br>14:50
| 14 February 1978
| 1978-013A
| 189 x 322 km
| {{time interval|31 Jan 1978|14 Feb 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 12
| [[Kosmos 989]]
| 14 February 1978<br>09:30
| 28 February 1978
| 1978-017A
| 169 x 318 km
| {{time interval|14 Feb 1978|28 Feb 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 13
| [[Kosmos 993]]
| 10 March 1978<br>10:42
| 23 March 1978
| 1978-027A
| 190 x 325 km
| {{time interval|10 Mar 1978|23 Mar 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 14
| [[Kosmos 999]]
| 30 March 1978<br>07:50
| 12 April 1978
| 1978-033A
| 174 x 352 km
| {{time interval|30 Mar 1978|12 Apr 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 15
| [[Kosmos 1003]]
| 20 April 1978<br>15:30
| 4 May 1978
| 1978-040A
| 178 x 328 km
| {{time interval|20 Apr 1978|4 May 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 16
| [[Kosmos 1007]]
| 16 May 1978<br>10:40
| 28 May 1978
| 1978-048A
| 168 x 350 km
| {{time interval|16 May 1978|29 May 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 17
| [[Kosmos 1021]]
| 10 June 1978<br>08:35
| 23 June 1978
| 1978-057A
| 173 x 313 km
| {{time interval|10 Jun 1978|23 Jun 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 18
| [[Kosmos 1022]]
| 12 June 1978<br>10:30
| 25 June 1978
| 1978-059A
| 171 x 344 km
| {{time interval|12 Jun 1978|25 Jun 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 19
| [[Kosmos 1029]]
| 29 August 1978<br>15:00
| 8 September 1978
| 1978-082A
| 194 x 316 km
| {{time interval|29 Aug 1978|8 Sept 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 20
| [[Kosmos 1031]]
| 9 September 1978<br>15:00
| 22 September 1978
| 1978-085A
| 182 x 329 km
| {{time interval|9 Sept 1978|22 Sept 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 21
| [[Kosmos 1042]]
| 6 October 1978<br>15:30
| 19 October 1978
| 1978-092A
| 179 x 299 km
| {{time interval|6 Oct 1978|19 Oct 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 22
| [[Kosmos 1047]]
| 15 November 1978<br>11:45
| 28 November 1978
| 1978-104A
| 171 x 354 km
| {{time interval|15 Nov 1978|28 Nov 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 23
| [[Kosmos 1049]]
| 21 November 1978<br>12:00
| 4 December 1978
| 1978-107A
| 169 x 338 km
| {{time interval|21 Nov 1978|4 Dec 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 24
| [[Kosmos 1059]]
| 7 December 1978<br>15:30
| 20 December 1978
| 1978-110A
| 180 x 338 km
| {{time interval|7 Dec 1978|20 Dec 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 25
| [[Kosmos 1068]]
| 26 December 1978<br>15:30
| 8 January 1979
| 1978-123A
| 191 x 389 km
| {{time interval|26 Dec 1978|8 Jan 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 26
| [[Kosmos 1071]]
| 13 January 1979<br>15:30
| 26 January 1979
| 1979-002A
| 179 x 339 km
| {{time interval|13 Jan 1979|26 Jan 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 27
| [[Kosmos 1073]]
| 30 January 1979<br>15:15
| 12 February 1979
| 1979-006A
| 182 x 328 km
| {{time interval|30 Jan 1979|12 Feb 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 28
| [[Kosmos 1078]]
| 22 February 1979<br>12:10
| 2 March 1979
| 1979-016A
| 168 x 280 km
| {{time interval|22 Feb 1979|2 Mar 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 29
| [[Kosmos 1080]]
| 14 March 1979<br>10:50
| 28 March 1979
| 1979-023A
| 169 x 294 km
| {{time interval|14 Mar 1979|28 Mar 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 30
| [[Kosmos 1098]]
| 15 May 1979<br>11:40
| 28 May 1979
| 1979-040A
| 170 x 354 km
| {{time interval|15 May 1979|28 May 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 31
| [[Kosmos 1113]]
| 10 July 1979<br>09:00
| 23 July 1979
| 1979-064A
| 173 x 330 km
| {{time interval|10 Jul 1979|23 Jul 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 32
| [[Kosmos 1117]]
| 25 July 1979<br>15:20
| 7 August 1979
| 1979-068A
| 177 x 325 km
| {{time interval|25 Jul 1979|7 Aug 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 33
| [[Kosmos 1120]]
| 11 August 1979<br>09:15
| 24 August 1979
| 1979-073A
| 170 x 362 km
| {{time interval|11 Aug 1979|24 Aug 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 34
| [[Kosmos 1128]]
| 14 September 1979<br>15:30
| 27 September 1979
| 1979-081A
| 173 x 328 km
| {{time interval|14 Sept 1979|27 Sept 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 35
| [[Kosmos 1148]]
| 28 December 1979<br>13:00
| 10 January 1980
| 1979-106A
| 170 x 340 km
| {{time interval|28 Dec 1979|10 Jan 1980}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 36
| [[Kosmos 1165]]
| 21 February 1980<br>12:00
| 5 March 1980
| 1980-017A
| 170 x 350 km
| {{time interval|21 Feb 1980|5 Mar 1980}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 37
| [[Kosmos 1170]]
| 1 April 1980<br>08:00
| 12 April 1980
| 1980-025A
| 178 x 379 km
| {{time interval|1 Apr 1980|12 Apr 1980}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 38
| [[Kosmos 1173]]
| 17 April 1980<br>08:30
| 28 April 1980
| 1980-029A
| 174 x 352 km
| {{time interval|17 Apr 1980|28 Apr 1980}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 39
| [[Kosmos 1214]]
| 10 October 1980<br>13:10
| 23 October 1980
| 1980-082A
| 170 x 347 km
| {{time interval|10 Oct 1980|23 Oct 1980}}
| {{Success}}

|}

=== Zenit 4 MKT ===
Another variant of the Zenit-4 design equipped with a Priroda-3 camera, intended for the investigation of natural resources in the interests of the Soviet economy and international cooperation.{{r|ea-4mkt}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+'''Zenit-4MT (Fram)'''{{r|gunter-4mkt|zarya-4mkt}}
! No.
! Mission
! Launch date<br>(GMT)
! Landing date
! [[COSPAR ID]]
! Orbit
! Duration<br>(in orbit)
! Outcome

|-
! 1
| [[Kosmos 771]]
| 25 September 1975<br>09:50
| 8 October 1975
| 1975-090A
| 203 x 219 km
| {{time interval|25 Sept 1975|8 Oct 1975}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 2
| [[Kosmos 820]]
| 21 May 1976<br>07:00
| 2 June 1976
| 1976-046A
| 209 x 217 km
| {{time interval|21 May 1976|2 Jun 1976}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 3
| -
| 4 October 1976<br>11:00
| -
| -
| (Suborbital)
| -
| {{Failure}}

|-
! 4
| [[Kosmos 912]]
| 26 May 1977<br>07:00
| 8 June 1977
| 1977-040A
| 217 x 225 km
| {{time interval|26 May 1977|8 Jun 1977}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 5
| [[Kosmos 948]]
| 2 September 1977<br>09:00
| 15 Sept 1977
| 1977-083A
| 217 x 235 km
| {{time interval|2 Sept 1977|15 Sept 1977}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 6
| [[Kosmos 1010]]
| 23 May 1978<br>07:30
| 5 June 1978
| 1978-052A
| 217 x 230 km
| {{time interval|23 May 1978|5 Jun 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 7
| [[Kosmos 1033]]
| 3 October 1978<br>11:00
| 16 October 1978
| 1978-089A
| 212 x 231 km
| {{time interval|3 Oct 1978|16 Oct 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 8
| [[Kosmos 1099]]
| 17 May 1979<br>07:10
| 30 May 1979
| 1979-041A
| 215 x 247 km
| {{time interval|17 May 1979|30 May 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 9
| [[Kosmos 1105]]
| 8 June 1979<br>07:10
| 21 June 1979
| 1979-052A
| 212 x 254 km
| {{time interval|8 Jun 1979|21 Jun 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 10
| [[Kosmos 1108]]
| 22 June 1979<br>07:00
| 5 July 1979
| 1979-041A
| 214 x 245 km
| {{time interval|22 Jun 1979|5 Jul 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 11
| [[Kosmos 1115]]
| 13 July 1979<br>08:25
| 26 July 1979
| 1979-066A
| 217 x 235 km
| {{time interval|13 Jul 1979|26 Jul 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 12
| [[Kosmos 1123]]
| 21 August 1979<br>11:10
| 3 September 1979
| 1979-076A
| 211 x 236 km
| {{time interval|21 Aug 1979|3 Sept 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 13
| [[Kosmos 1182]]
| 23 May 1980<br>07:10
| 5 June 1980
| 1980-040A
| 211 x 251 km
| {{time interval|23 May 1980|5 Jun 1980}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 14
| [[Kosmos 1201]]
| 15 July 1980<br>07:30
| 28 July 1980
| 1980-061A
| 213 x 243 km
| {{time interval|15 Jul 1980|28 Jul 1980}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 15
| [[Kosmos 1207]]
| 22 August 1980<br>10:00
| 4 September 1980
| 1980-070A
| 211 x 256 km
| {{time interval|22 Aug 1980|4 Sept 1980}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 16
| [[Kosmos 1212]]
| 26 September 1980<br>10:10
| 9 October 1980
| 1980-078A
| 205 x 244 km
| {{time interval|26 Sept 1980|9 Oct 1980}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 17
| [[Kosmos 1273]]
| 22 May 1981<br>07:10
| 5 June 1981
| 1981-040A
| 205 x 258 km
| {{time interval|22 May 1981|4 Jun 1981}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 18
| [[Kosmos 1276]]
| 16 June 1981<br>07:00
| 29 June 1981
| 1981-055A
| 211 x 233 km
| {{time interval|16 Jun 1981|29 Jun 1981}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 19
| [[Kosmos 1314]]
| 9 October 1981<br>10:40
| 22 October 1981
| 1981-101A
| 209 x 223 km
| {{time interval|9 Oct 1981|22 Oct 1981}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 20
| [[Kosmos 1353]]
| 23 April 1982<br>09:40
| 6 May 1982
| 1982-036A
| 207 x 238 km
| {{time interval|23 Apr 1982|6 May 1982}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 21
| [[Kosmos 1387]]
| 13 July 1982<br>08:00
| 26 July 1982
| 1982-071A
| 201 x 229 km
| {{time interval|13 Jul 1982|26 Jul 1982}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 22
| [[Kosmos 1406]]
| 8 September 1982<br>10:20
| 21 September 1982
| 1982-089A
| 207 x 238 km
| {{time interval|8 Sept 1982|21 Sept 1982}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 23
| [[Kosmos 1458]]
| 28 April 1983<br>08:30
| 11 May 1983
| 1983-040A
| 207 x 238 km
| {{time interval|28 Apr 1983|11 May 1983}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 24
| [[Kosmos 1495]]
| 3 September 1983<br>10:15
| 16 September 1983
| 1983-092A
| 205 x 221 km
| {{time interval|3 Sept 1983|16 Sept 1983}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 25
| [[Kosmos 1557]]
| 22 May 1984<br>08:30
| 4 June 1984
| 1984-048A
| 208 x 245 km
| {{time interval|22 May 1984|4 Jun 1984}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 26
| [[Kosmos 1597]]
| 13 September 1984<br>10:25
| 26 September 1984
| 1984-099A
| 208 x 241 km
| {{time interval|13 Sept 1984|26 Sept 1984}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 27
| [[Kosmos 1681]]
| 6 September 1985<br>08:30
| 19 September 1985
| 1985-080A
| 206 x 225 km
| {{time interval|6 Sept 1985|19 Sept 1985}}
| {{Success}}
|}

=== Zenit 4 MT ===
A special version of the Zenit 4M intended for [[Topography|topographical]] photography. It carried an SA-106 topographic camera, a laser altimeter and Doppler apparatus.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+'''Zenit-4MT (Orion)'''<ref name="gunter-4mt"/><ref name="zarya-4mt"/>
! No.
! Mission
! Launch date<br>(GMT)
! Landing date
! [[COSPAR ID]]
! Orbit
! Duration<br>(in orbit)
! Outcome

|-
! 1
| [[Kosmos 470]]
| 27 December 1971<br>14:04
| 6 January 1972
| 1971-118A
| 192 x 259 km
| {{time interval|27 Dec 1971|6 Jan 1972}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 2
| [[Kosmos 502]]
| 13 July 1972<br>14:30
| 25 July 1972
| 1972-055A
| 203 x 262 km
| {{time interval|13 Jul 1972|25 Jul 1972}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 3
| [[Kosmos 541]]
| 27 December 1972<br>10:30
| 8 January 1973
| 1972-105A
| 218 x 348 km
| {{time interval|27 Dec 1972|8 Jan 1973}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 4
| [[Kosmos 576]]
| 27 June 1973<br>11:50
| 9 July 1973
| 1973-044A
| 204 x 332 km
| {{time interval|27 Jun 1973|9 Jul 1973}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 5
| [[Kosmos 616]]
| 17 December 1973<br>12:00
| 28 December 1973
| 1973-102A
| 206 x 332 km
| {{time interval|17 Dec 1973|28 Dec 1973}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 6
| [[Kosmos 664]]
| 29 June 1974<br>12:50
| 11 July 1974
| 1974-049A
| 205 x 341 km
| {{time interval|29 Jun 1974|11 Jul 1974}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 7
| [[Kosmos 693]]
| 4 November 1974<br>10:40
| 16 November 1974
| 1974-088A
| 219 x 243 km
| {{time interval|4 Nov 1974|16 Nov 1974}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 8
| [[Kosmos 720]]
| 21 March 1975<br>06:50
| 1 April 1975
| 1975-019A
| 212 x 273 km
| {{time interval|21 Mar 1975|1 Apr 1975}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 9
| [[Kosmos 759]]
| 12 September 1975<br>05:30
| 23 September 1975
| 1975-084A
| 231 x 276 km
| {{time interval|12 Sept 1975|23 Sept 1975}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 10
| [[Kosmos 811]]
| 31 March 1976<br>12:50
| 12 April 1976
| 1976-030A
| 206 x 338 km
| {{time interval|31 Mar 1976|12 Apr 1976}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 11
| [[Kosmos 855]]
| 21 September 1976<br>11:40
| 3 October 1976
| 1976-095A
| 221 x 321 km
| {{time interval|21 Sept 1976|3 Oct 1976}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 12
| [[Kosmos 916]]
| 10 June 1977<br>08:00
| 21 June 1977
| 1977-046A
| 255 x 304 km
| {{time interval|10 Jun 1977|21 Jun 1977}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 13
| [[Kosmos 988]]
| 8 February 1978<br>12:15
| 20 February 1978
| 1978-015A
| 201 x 335 km
| {{time interval|8 Feb 1978|20 Feb 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 14
| [[Kosmos 1046]]
| 1 November 1978<br>12:00
| 13 November 1978
| 1978-102A
| 202 x 324 km
| {{time interval|1 Nov 1978|13 Nov 1978}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 15
| [[Kosmos 1069]]
| 28 December 1978<br>16:30
| 10 January 1979
| 1978-124A
| 254 x 289 km
| {{time interval|28 Dec 1978|10 Jan 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 16
| [[Kosmos 1119]]
| 3 August 1979<br>10:45
| 15 August 1979
| 1979-071A
| 213 x 245 km
| {{time interval|3 Aug 1979|15 Aug 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 17
| [[Kosmos 1139]]
| 5 October 1979<br>11:30
| 18 October 1979
| 1979-088A
| 199 x 329 km
| {{time interval|5 Oct 1979|18 Oct 1979}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 18
| [[Kosmos 1180]]
| 15 May 1980<br>05:35
| 26 May 1980
| 1980-038A
| 245 x 279 km
| {{time interval|15 May 1980|26 May 1980}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 19
| [[Kosmos 1211]]
| 23 September 1980<br>10:30
| 4 October 1980
| 1980-077A
| 211 x 236 km
| {{time interval|23 Sept 1980|4 Oct 1980}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 20
| [[Kosmos 1239]]
| 16 January 1981<br>12:00
| 28 January 1981
| 1981-004A
| 210 x 231 km
| {{time interval|16 Jan 1981|28 Jan 1981}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 21
| [[Kosmos 1309]]
| 18 September 1981<br>09:30
| 1 October 1981
| 1981-092A
| 212 x 257 km
| {{time interval|18 Sept 1981|1 Oct 1981}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 22
| [[Kosmos 1332]]
| 12 January 1982<br>12:30
| 25 January 1982
| 1982-002A
| 207 x 251 km
| {{time interval|12 Jan 1982|25 Jan 1982}}
| {{Success}}

|-
! 23
| [[Kosmos 1398]]
| 3 August 1982<br>11:30
| 13 August 1982
| 1982-077A
| 211 x 231 km
| {{time interval|3 Aug 1982|13 Aug 1982}}
| {{Success}}

|}

=== Zenit 6U ===
A "universal" version of the Zenit, intended for both low-altitude, high-resolution missions and higher-altitude, general observation missions. All flights used the Soyuz launch vehicle. There were a total of 97 Zenit-6U satellites launched between 1976 and 1984.<ref name="gunter-6"/><ref name="zarya-6"/>
{|style="width:100%;"
|
*[[Kosmos 867]]
*[[Kosmos 896]]
*[[Kosmos 934]]
*[[Kosmos 958]]
*[[Kosmos 1050]]
*[[Kosmos 1095]]
*[[Kosmos 1103]]
*[[Kosmos 1107]]
*[[Kosmos 1111]]
*[[Kosmos 1126]]
*[[Kosmos 1138]]
*''Zenit 6U-12''
*[[Kosmos 1142]]
*[[Kosmos 1147]]
*[[Kosmos 1149]]
*[[Kosmos 1155]]
*[[Kosmos 1166]]
*[[Kosmos 1178]]
*[[Kosmos 1183]]
*[[Kosmos 1187]]
|
*[[Kosmos 1189]]
*[[Kosmos 1200]]
*[[Kosmos 1202]]
*[[Kosmos 1205]]
*[[Kosmos 1210]]
*[[Kosmos 1213]]
*[[Kosmos 1216]]
*[[Kosmos 1219]]
*[[Kosmos 1221]]
*[[Kosmos 1224]]
*[[Kosmos 1227]]
*[[Kosmos 1237]]
*[[Kosmos 1245]]
*[[Kosmos 1259]]
*[[Kosmos 1262]]
*[[Kosmos 1264]]
*[[Kosmos 1265]]
*[[Kosmos 1268]]
*[[Kosmos 1272]]
*[[Kosmos 1277]]
|
*[[Kosmos 1279]]
*[[Kosmos 1281]]
*[[Kosmos 1283]]
*[[Kosmos 1284]]
*[[Kosmos 1297]]
*[[Kosmos 1303]]
*[[Kosmos 1307]]
*[[Kosmos 1313]]
*[[Kosmos 1316]]
*[[Kosmos 1319]]
*[[Kosmos 1329]]
*[[Kosmos 1334]]
*[[Kosmos 1338]]
*[[Kosmos 1342]]
*[[Kosmos 1343]]
*[[Kosmos 1352]]
*''Zenit 6U-57''
*[[Kosmos 1368]]
*[[Kosmos 1373]]
*''Zenit 6U-60''
|
*[[Kosmos 1381]]
*[[Kosmos 1385]]
*[[Kosmos 1396]]
*[[Kosmos 1403]]
*[[Kosmos 1404]]
*[[Kosmos 1411]]
*[[Kosmos 1416]]
*[[Kosmos 1419]]
*[[Kosmos 1421]]
*[[Kosmos 1422]]
*[[Kosmos 1425]]
*[[Kosmos 1438]]
*[[Kosmos 1444]]
*[[Kosmos 1446]]
*[[Kosmos 1449]]
*[[Kosmos 1451]]
*[[Kosmos 1460]]
*[[Kosmos 1467]]
*[[Kosmos 1469]]
*[[Kosmos 1472]]
|
*[[Kosmos 1482]]
*[[Kosmos 1485]]
*[[Kosmos 1488]]
*[[Kosmos 1493]]
*[[Kosmos 1497]]
*[[Kosmos 1499]]
*[[Kosmos 1505]]
*[[Kosmos 1509]]
*[[Kosmos 1512]]
*[[Kosmos 1530]]
*[[Kosmos 1533]]
*[[Kosmos 1542]]
*[[Kosmos 1545]]
*[[Kosmos 1549]]
*[[Kosmos 1551]]
*[[Kosmos 1568]]
*[[Kosmos 1573]]
|}

=== Zenit 8 ===
This was intended for military [[Cartography|cartographic]] photography. It used a Soyuz launch vehicle and launches took place from both Baikonur and Plesetsk. It had a 15-day orbital life. Similar satellites were referred to using the "[[Resurs-DK No.1]]" designation.

A total of 102 Zenit-8 satellites were launched between 1984 and 1994, in addition to one sent into a suborbital trajectory during the maiden flight of the [[Soyuz-2]] rocket in 2004.<ref name="gunter-8"/><ref name="zarya-8"/><ref name="astro2"/><ref name="gunter-8d"/>

{|style="width:100%;"
|
*[[Kosmos 1571]]
*[[Kosmos 1580]]
*[[Kosmos 1583]]
*[[Kosmos 1584]]
*[[Kosmos 1587]]
*[[Kosmos 1592]]
*[[Kosmos 1600]]
*[[Kosmos 1609]]
*[[Kosmos 1613]]
*[[Kosmos 1623]]
*[[Kosmos 1628]]
*[[Kosmos 1632]]
*[[Kosmos 1644]]
*[[Kosmos 1648]]
*[[Kosmos 1649]]
*[[Kosmos 1659]]
*[[Kosmos 1664]]
*[[Kosmos 1665]]
*[[Kosmos 1668]]
*[[Kosmos 1671]]
*[[Kosmos 1683]]
|
*[[Kosmos 1685]]
*[[Kosmos 1696]]
*[[Kosmos 1702]]
*[[Kosmos 1705]]
*[[Kosmos 1715]]
*[[Kosmos 1728]]
*[[Kosmos 1730]]
*''Zenit 8-29''
*[[Kosmos 1740]]
*[[Kosmos 1742]]
*[[Kosmos 1747]]
*[[Kosmos 1757]]
*[[Kosmos 1760]]
*[[Kosmos 1765]]
*[[Kosmos 1772]]
*[[Kosmos 1775]]
*[[Kosmos 1781]]
*[[Kosmos 1787]]
*[[Kosmos 1790]]
*[[Kosmos 1804]]
*[[Kosmos 1813]]
|
*[[Kosmos 1819]]
*[[Kosmos 1822]]
*[[Kosmos 1826]]
*[[Kosmos 1837]]
*[[Kosmos 1843]]
*[[Kosmos 1845]]
*[[Kosmos 1848]]
*[[Kosmos 1863]]
*[[Kosmos 1872]]
*[[Kosmos 1874]]
*[[Kosmos 1889]]
*[[Kosmos 1895]]
*[[Kosmos 1899]]
*[[Kosmos 1905]]
*[[Kosmos 1907]]
*[[Kosmos 1915]]
*[[Kosmos 1921]]
*[[Kosmos 1923]]
*[[Kosmos 1938]]
*[[Kosmos 1941]]
*[[Kosmos 1945]]
|
*[[Kosmos 1952]]
*[[Kosmos 1956]]
*[[Kosmos 1962]]
*[[Kosmos 1964]]
*[[Kosmos 1967]]
*[[Kosmos 1973]]
*[[Kosmos 1976]]
*[[Kosmos 1978]]
*[[Kosmos 1981]]
*[[Kosmos 1982]]
*[[Kosmos 1983]]
*[[Kosmos 1991]]
*[[Kosmos 2000]]
*[[Kosmos 2003]]
*[[Kosmos 2006]]
*[[Kosmos 2017]]
*[[Kosmos 2019]]
*[[Kosmos 2025]]
*[[Kosmos 2028]]
*[[Kosmos 2029]]
|
*[[Kosmos 2032]]
*[[Kosmos 2035]]
*[[Kosmos 2036]]
*[[Kosmos 2045]]
*[[Kosmos 2048]]
*[[Kosmos 2055]]
*[[Kosmos 2062]]
*[[Kosmos 2073]]
*[[Kosmos 2083]]
*[[Kosmos 2086]]
*[[Kosmos 2099]]
*[[Kosmos 2104]]
*[[Kosmos 2120]]
*[[Kosmos 2121]]
*[[Kosmos 2136]]
*[[Kosmos 2152]]
*[[Kosmos 2207]]
*[[Kosmos 2260]]
*[[Kosmos 2281]]
*''Zenit 8-103''
|}

==Foreign assessment==

By the late 1960s, American intelligence was not only able to distinguish between reconnaissance Kosmos missions and other satellites launched under the Kosmos label, but also which launch complex they lifted off from ([[Plesetsk Cosmodrome]] or [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]]), and even when the film capsules were deorbited for recovery. Given the increase in spy satellite launch tempo that preceded and succeeded the major clashes during the 1969 [[Sino-Soviet border conflict]], it was suggested that the pace of surveillance missions could indicate when Sino-Soviet tensions were elevated.<ref name=avweek700406/>

==In popular culture==
A Zenit satellite was mentioned in the movie ''[[Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One]]''.

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="day">{{cite book
| title= Eye in the Sky: Story of the Corona Spy Satellites
| editor= Dwayne Day
| publisher= [[Smithsonian]]
| year=1998
| isbn= 1-56098-773-1
| url-access= registration
| url= https://archive.org/details/eyeinskystoryofc0000unse }}
</ref>

<ref name="ea-z2">{{cite encyclopedia
| author1= Mark Wade
| title= Zenit-2 satellite
| encyclopedia= Encyclopedia Astronautica
| url= http://www.astronautix.com/z/zenit-2satellite.html
| access-date= 6 June 2024 }}
</ref>

<ref name="ea-4mkt">{{cite encyclopedia
| author1= Mark Wade
| title= Zenit-4MKT
| url= http://www.astronautix.com/z/zenit-4mkt.html
| encyclopedia= Encyclopedia Astronautica
| access-date= 7 June 2024 }}
</ref>

<ref name="ea-4mkm">{{cite encyclopedia
| author1= Mark Wade
| title= Zenit-4MKM
| url= http://www.astronautix.com/z/zenit-4mkm.html
| encyclopedia= Encyclopedia Astronautica
| access-date= 7 June 2024 }}
</ref>

<ref name="gorin">{{cite journal
| author1= Peter A. Gorin
| title= Zenit – The First Soviet Photo-Reconnaissance Satellite
| journal= Journal of the British Interplanetary Society
| volume= 50
| year= 1997
| page= 441 }}
</ref>

<ref name="gorin2">{{Cite book
| author1= Peter A. Gorin
| editor= Robert A. McDonald
| title= Corona Between the Sun and the Earth: the first NRO reconnaissance eye in space
| year= 1997
| publisher= The American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
| location= Bethesda, MD
| pages= 84–107
| chapter= Zenit:Corona's Soviet Counterpart }}
</ref>

<ref name="harford">{{cite book
| title= Korolev: How One Man Masterminded the Soviet Drive to Beat America to the Moon
| author1= James Harford
| publisher= John Wiley
| year= 1997
| isbn= 0-471-32721-2 }}
</ref>

<ref name="hendrickx">{{cite journal
| author1= Bart Hendrickx
| title= Snooping on Radars: A History of Soviet/Russian Global Signals Intelligence
| journal= Journal of the British Interplanetary Society
| volume= 58, supplement 2
| year= 2005
| pages= 97–113 }}
</ref>

<ref name="sven">{{cite web
| author1= Sven Grahn
| title= Soviet/Russian reconnaissance satellites page at Sven's Space Place
| url= http://www.svengrahn.pp.se/histind/Recces/Recces.htm
| access-date= 15 July 2005
| archive-date= 2 May 2021
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210502002300/http://www.svengrahn.pp.se/histind/Recces/Recces.htm
| url-status= live }}
</ref>

<ref name="gunter-z2">{{cite web
| author1= Gunter D. Krebs
| title= Zenit-2 (11F61)
| url= http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/zenit-2.htm
| website= Gunter's Space Page
| access-date=12 May 2013 }}
</ref>

<ref name="gunter-z2m">{{cite web
| author1= Gunter D. Krebs
| title= Zenit-2M (Gektor, 11F690)
| url= http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/zenit-2m.htm
| website= Gunter's Space Page
| access-date= 12 May 2013 }}
</ref>

<ref name="gunter-z2mn">{{cite web
| author1= Gunter D. Krebs
| title= Zenit-2M/NKh (Gektor-Priroda, 11F690)
| url= http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/zenit-2mnkh.htm
| website= Gunter's Space Page
| access-date= 12 May 2013 }}
</ref>

<ref name="gunter-z4">{{cite web
| author1= Gunter D. Krebs
| title= Zenit-4 (11F69)
| url= http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/zenit-4.htm
| website= Gunter's Space Page
| access-date= 12 May 2013 }}
</ref>

<ref name="gunter-4m">{{cite web
| author1= Gunter D. Krebs
| title= Zenit-4M (Rotor, 11F691)
| url= http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/zenit-4m.htm
| website= Gunter's Space Page
| access-date= 12 May 2013 }}
</ref>

<ref name="gunter-4mk">{{cite web
| author1= Gunter D. Krebs
| title= Zenit-4MK (Germes, 11F692)
| url= http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/zenit-4mk.htm
| website= Gunter's Space Page
| access-date= 7 June 2024 }}
</ref>

<ref name="gunter-4mkm">{{cite web
| author1= Gunter D. Krebs
| title= Zenit-4MKM (Gerakl, 11F692M)
| url= http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/zenit-4mkm.htm
| website= Gunter's Space Page
| access-date= 7 June 2024 }}
</ref>

<ref name="gunter-4mkt">{{cite web
| author1= Gunter D. Krebs
| title= Zenit-4MKT (Fram, 11F635)
| url= http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/zenit-4mkt.htm
| website= Gunter's Space Page
| access-date= 12 May 2013 }}
</ref>

<ref name="gunter-4mt">{{cite web
| author1= Gunter D. Krebs
| title= Zenit-4MT (Orion, 11F629)
| url= http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/zenit-4mt.htm
| website= Gunter's Space Page
| access-date= 12 May 2013 }}
</ref>

<ref name="gunter-6">{{cite web
| author1= Gunter D. Krebs
| title= Zenit-6U (Argon, 11F645)
| url= http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/zenit-6u.htm
| website= Gunter's Space Page
| access-date= 12 May 2013 }}
</ref>

<ref name="gunter-8">{{cite web
| author1= Gunter D. Krebs
| title= Zenit-8 (Oblik, 17F116)
| url= http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/zenit-8.htm
| website= Gunter's Space Page
| access-date= 12 May 2013 }}
</ref>

<ref name="gunter-8d">{{cite web
| author1= Gunter D. Krebs
| title= Zenit-8-Dummy (Oblik-Dummy, 17F116ML)
| url= https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/zenit-8_dummy.htm
| website= Gunter's Space Page
| access-date= 7 June 2024 }}
</ref>

<ref name="zarya">{{cite web
| author1= Robert Christy
| title= Complete Zenit Chronology
| url= http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenitindex.php
| website= Zarya.info
| access-date= 2 May 2013
| archive-date= 23 October 2020
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201023114820/http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenitindex.php
| url-status= live }}
</ref>

<ref name="zarya-2">{{cite web
| author1= Robert Christy
| title= Zenit-2 Missions
| url= http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-2.php
| website= Zarya.info
| access-date= 12 May 2013
| archive-date= 1 October 2020
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201001022019/http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-2.php
| url-status= live }}
</ref>

<ref name="zarya-2m">{{cite web
| author1= Robert Christy
| title= Zenit-2M Missions
| url= http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-2M.php
| website= Zarya.info
| access-date= 12 May 2013
| archive-date= 28 September 2020
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200928223658/http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-2M.php
| url-status= live }}
</ref>

<ref name="zarya-4">{{cite web
| author1= Robert Christy
| title= Zenit-4 Missions
| url= http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-4.php
| website= Zarya.info
| access-date= 12 May 2013
| archive-date= 28 September 2020
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200928221141/http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-4.php
| url-status= live }}
</ref>

<ref name="zarya-4m">{{cite web
| author1= Robert Christy
| title= Zenit-4M Missions
| url= http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-4M.php
| work= Zarya.info
| access-date= 12 May 2013
| archive-date= 28 September 2020
| archive-url= 
https://web.archive.org/web/20200928215653/http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-4M.php
| url-status= live }}
</ref>

<ref name="zarya-4mk">{{cite web
| author1= Robert Christy
| title= Zenit-4MK Missions
| url= http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-4MK.php
| website= Zarya.info
| access-date= 12 May 2013
| archive-date= 28 September 2020
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200928225556/http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-4MK.php
| url-status= live }}
</ref>

<ref name="zarya-4mt">{{cite web
| author1= Robert Christy
| title= Zenit-4MT Missions
| url= http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-4MT.php
| website= Zarya.info
| access-date= 12 May 2013
| archive-date= 28 September 2020
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200928211702/http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-4MT.php
| url-status= live }}
</ref>

<ref name="zarya-4mkt">{{cite web
| author1= Robert Christy
| title= Zenit-4MKT Missions
| url= http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-4MKT.php
| website= Zarya.info
| access-date= 12 May 2013
| archive-date= 28 September 2020
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200928231743/http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-4MKT.php
| url-status= live }}
</ref>

<ref name="zarya-4mkm">{{cite web
| author1= Robert Christy
| title= Zenit-4MKM Missions
| url= http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-4MKM.php
| website= Zarya.info
| access-date= 12 May 2013
| archive-date= 28 September 2020
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200928230433/http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-4MKM.php
| url-status=live }}
</ref>

<ref name="zarya-6">{{cite web
| author1= Robert Christy
| title= Zenit-6 Missions
| url= http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-6.php
| website= Zarya.info
| access-date= 12 May 2013
| archive-date= 28 September 2020
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200928213334/http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-6.php
| url-status=live }}
</ref>

<ref name="zarya-8">{{cite web
| author1= Robert Christy
| title= Zenit-8 Missions
| url= http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-8.php
| website= Zarya.info
| access-date= 12 May 2013
| archive-date= 28 September 2020
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200928205638/http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Zenit-8.php
| url-status=live }}
</ref>

<ref name="cosmopark">{{cite web
| url= http://cosmopark.ru/r7/prig8.htm
| title= Soviet Rocketry That Conquered Space: Part 8:Successes and Failures of a Three-Stage Launcher
| author= Timothy Varfolomeyev
| date= 1998
| access-date= 22 February 2013
| archive-date= 3 March 2016
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215305/http://cosmopark.ru/r7/prig8.htm
| url-status=live }}
</ref>

<ref name="astro2">{{cite encyclopedia
| author1= Mark Wade
| url=http://www.astronautix.com/s/soyuz-2-1a.html
| title= Soyuz-2-1A
| encyclopedia= Encyclopedia Astronautica
| access-date= 7 January 2010 }}
</ref>

<ref name=avweek700406>{{cite magazine
|magazine=Aviation Week
|date=6 April 1970
|url=https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19700406#!&pid=72
|title=USSR Accelerates Recon Satellite Pace
|author=Philip J. Klass|publisher=McGraw-Hill
|page=72-79}}
</ref>

}}

{{Russian Reconnaissance Satellites}}
{{Zenit-2 satellites}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zenit (Satellite)}}
[[Category:Reconnaissance satellites of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Reconnaissance satellites of Russia]]
[[Category:Satellites formerly orbiting Earth]]
[[Category:Satellite series]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s]]