View source for Zond 2

{{Short description|USSR-era Russian space satellite}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name                  = Zond 2
| names_list            = Zond 3MV-4 No. 2
| image                 = Zond 2.jpg
| image_caption         = The Soviet ''Zond 2''.
| image_alt             = <!--image alt text-->
| image_size            = <!--include px/em; defaults to 220px-->

<!--Basic details-->
| mission_type          = [[Exploration of Mars|Mars]] flyby
| operator              = [[OKB-1]]
| Harvard_designation   = <!--spacecraft launched 1962 and earlier only (eg. 1957 Alpha 2)-->
| COSPAR_ID             = 1964-078C
| SATCAT                = 00945
| website               = <!--Homepage of the craft/mission, OFFICIAL PAGES ONLY-->
| mission_duration      = <!--How long the mission lasted-->
| distance_travelled    = <!--How far the spacecraft travelled (if known)-->
| orbits_completed      = <!--number of times the spacecraft orbited the Earth - see below for spacecraft beyond Earth orbit-->
| suborbital_range      = <!--downrange distance reached if spacecraft did not enter orbit-->
| suborbital_apogee     = <!--altitude reached if spacecraft did not enter orbit-->

<!--Spacecraft properties-->
| spacecraft            = <!--Spacecraft name/serial number (eg. Space Shuttle ''Discovery'', Apollo CM-118), etc-->
| spacecraft_type       = <!--eg. GPS Block II, Kobalt-M, US-K, etc-->
| spacecraft_bus        = [[3MV|3MV-4]]
| manufacturer          = <!--company or companies who built the satellite-->
| launch_mass           = {{convert|890|kg|abbr=on}}
| BOL_mass              = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit at beginning of operational life, after LEOP phase-->
| landing_mass          = <!--Mass after landing (recovered spacecraft only)-->
| dry_mass              = 
| payload_mass          = <!--Mass of cargo carried by spacecraft (eg. for Space Shuttle), or total mass of instrumentation/equipment/experiments for mission-->
| dimensions            = 
| power                 = <!--end-of-life power, in watts-->

<!--Launch details-->
| launch_date           = November 30, 1964, 13:12 UTC
| launch_rocket         = [[Molniya (rocket)|Molniya T103-16]]
| launch_site           = [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Gagarin's Start|LC-1/5]]
| launch_contractor     = <!--organisation(s) that conducted the launch (eg. United Launch Alliance, Arianespace, etc)-->
| deployment_from       = <!--place where deployed from-->
| deployment_date       = <!--date deployed-->
| entered_service       = <!--date on which the spacecraft entered service, if it did not do so immediately after launch-->
<!-- * - e.g. Proton-M/Briz-M not Proton-M, but Titan IV(401)A not Titan IV(401)A-Centaur-->

<!--end of mission-->
| disposal_type         = <!--Whether the spacecraft was deorbited, decommissioned, placed in a graveyard orbit, etc-->
| deactivated           = <!--when craft was decommissioned-->
| destroyed             = <!--when craft was destroyed (if other than by re-entry)-->
| last_contact          = 
| recovery_by           = <!--recovered by-->
| recovery_date         = <!--recovery date-->
| decay_date            = <!--when craft re-entered the atmosphere, not needed if it landed-->
| landing_date          = <!--when the spacecraft made a controlled landing, not needed if it did not return intact-->
| landing_site          = <!--where the craft landed; site/runway or coordinates-->
<!--
    The following template should be used for ONE of the three above fields "end_of_mission", "decay" or "landing" if the spacecraft is no longer operational.
    If it landed intact, use it for the landing time, otherwise for the date it ceased operations, or the decay date if it was still operational when it re-entered.
    {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD|hh|mm|ss|TZ=Z}} (for Zulu/UTC) or {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD}} (if time unknown) 
-->
<!--orbit parameters-->
<!--as science-related articles, SI units should be the principal units of measurement, however we usually use {{convert}} to display imperial units in parentheses after the initial values-->
| orbit_reference       = [[Heliocentric orbit|Heliocentric]]
| orbit_regime          = <!--high, low, medium, molniya, GSO - please link (e.g. [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]] - please don't use acronyms-->
| orbit_longitude       = <!--geosynchronous satellites only-->
| orbit_slot            = <!--Designation of orbital position or slot, if not longitude (e.g plane and position of a GPS satellite)-->
| orbit_semimajor       = <!--semimajor axis-->
| orbit_eccentricity    = 0.216
| orbit_periapsis       = 0.98 AU
| orbit_apoapsis        = 1.52 AU 
| orbit_inclination     = 6.4°
| orbit_period          = 508 days
| orbit_RAAN            = <!--right ascension of the ascending node-->
| orbit_arg_periapsis   = <!--argument of perigee/periapsis-->
| orbit_mean_anomaly    = <!--mean anomaly at epoch, only use in conjunction with an epoch value-->
| orbit_mean_motion     = <!--mean motion of the satellite, usually measured in orbits per day-->
| orbit_repeat          = <!--repeat interval/revisit time-->
| orbit_velocity        = 5.62 km/s
| orbit_epoch           = <!--the date at which the orbit parameters were correct-->
| orbit_rev_number      = <!--revolution number-->
| apsis                 = helion

|interplanetary         = <!--Infobox spaceflight/IP can be called multiple times for missions with multiple targets or combined orbiter/lander missions, etc-->
 {{Infobox spaceflight/IP
   |type                = flyby
   |object              = [[Mars]]
   |orbits              = <!--number of orbits completed at target body (if applicable and known)-->
   |component           = <!--part of the spacecraft involved, if spacecraft split into multiple components-->
   |arrival_date        = August 6, 1965
   |departure_date      = <!--Date of leaving orbit for orbiters, date of launch for landers which took off again-->
   |location            = <!--landing/impact site, including EOM impacts for atmospheric probes and lunar/asteroid orbiters-->
   |distance            = {{convert|1500|km|abbr=on}}
   |sample_mass         = <!--mass of samples returned (sample return missions only)-->
   |surface_EVAs        = <!--number of EVAs on the surface-->
   |surface_EVA_time    = <!--time spent on surface EVAs-->
   
   <!--Orbit parameters, ONLY USE IF THE ABOVE ORBIT PARAMETERS SECTION DOESN'T APPLY TO THE TARGET-->
   |periapsis           = <!--periapsis altitude-->
   |apoapsis            = <!--apoapsis altitude--> 
   |inclination         = <!--inclination to the object's equator-->
   |apsis               = <!--planet specific apsis term, as above-->
 }}

<!--transponder parameters-->
| trans_band            = <!--Transponder frequency bands-->
| trans_frequency       = <!--specific frequencies-->
| trans_bandwidth       = <!--bandwidth-->
| trans_capacity        = <!--capacity of the transponders-->
| trans_coverage        = <!--area covered-->
| trans_TWTA            = <!--TWTA output power-->
| trans_EIRP            = <!--equivalent isotropic power-->
| trans_HPBW            = <!--half-power beam width-->

<!--Only use where a spacecraft/mission is part of a clear programme of sequential missions. 
If in doubt, leave it out-->
| programme             = [[Zond Program|Zond]]
| previous_mission      = [[Zond 1]]
| next_mission          = [[Zond 3]]

<!--mission insignia or patch-->
| insignia              = <!--omit the "file" prefix-->
| insignia_caption      = <!--image caption-->
| insignia_alt          = <!--image alt text-->
| insignia_size         = <!--include px/em; defaults to 180px-->
}}

'''Zond 2''' was a [[Soviet]] [[space probe]], a member of the [[Zond program]], and was the sixth Soviet spacecraft to attempt a flyby of [[Mars]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328715311|title=Chronology of Mars Missions |website=ResearchGate|language=en|doi=10.13140/rg.2.2.29797.65768 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210015825/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328715311_Chronology_of_Mars_Missions
|archive-date=10 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fornax.info/2017/03/zond-2-mars-flyby.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226232748/https://www.fornax.info/2017/03/zond-2-mars-flyby.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 26, 2018|title=Zond 2 Mars Flyby ~ Fornax Space Missions|access-date=December 26, 2018}}</ref> (See [[Exploration of Mars]])<ref>[http://www.russianspaceweb.com/3mv_Zond-2.html Zond-2: An early attempt to touch Mars]</ref> It was launched on November 30, 1964 at 13:12 UTC onboard [[Molniya (rocket)|Molniya]] 8K78 launch vehicle from [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]], Kazakhstan, USSR. The [[spacecraft]] was intended to survey Mars but lost communication before arrival.

==History==
Zond-2 carried a phototelevision camera of the same type later used to photograph the Moon on [[Zond 3]].  The camera system also included two ultraviolet spectrometers.  As on [[Mars 1]], an infrared spectrometer was installed to search for signs of methane on Mars.

Zond 2 also carried six [[Pulsed Plasma Thruster]]s (PPT) that served as actuators of the attitude control system. They were the first PPTs successfully used on a spacecraft. The PPT propulsion system was tested for 70 minutes on the 14 December 1964 when the spacecraft was 4.2 million kilometers from Earth.<ref name="Shchepetilov">{{cite journal |last1=Shchepetilov |first1=V. A. |title=Development of Electrojet Engines at the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy |journal=Physics of Atomic Nuclei |date=December 2018 |volume=81 |issue=7 |pages=988–999 |doi=10.1134/S1063778818070104 |bibcode=2018PAN....81..988S |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PAN....81..988S/abstract |access-date=28 February 2024}}</ref>

Zond 2, a ''Mars [[3MV]]-4A'' craft, was launched on November 30, 1964.  During some maneuvering in early May 1965, communications were lost.  Running on half power due to the loss of one of its [[Photovoltaic module|solar panel]]s, the spacecraft flew by Mars on August 6, 1965 at {{convert|5.62|km/s}}, {{convert|1,500|km}} away from the planet.

== Scientific Instruments<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 2|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=December 26, 2018|archive-date=March 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214828/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-2/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==

# [[Radiation Detector]]
# [[Charged particle|Charged Particle]] Detector
# [[Magnetometer]]
# Piezoelectric Detector
# [[Radio telescope|Radio Telescope]]
# Nuclear Component of [[Cosmic ray|Cosmic-ray]] Experiment
# [[Ultraviolet]] and Roentgen [[Solar Radiation]] Experiment
# [[Imaging system|Imaging System]]

== See also==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[List of missions to Mars]]
*[[List of missions to Mars|Chronology of Mars Missions]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-078C NASA (NSSDC) information on Zond 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227140350/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1964-078C |date=February 27, 2017 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120808012346/http://files.seds.org/pub/info/newsletters/ejasa/1991/jasa9104.txt "The Mystery of Zond 2" by Andrew Lepage, EJASA April, 1991]

{{Sequence|
 prev=[[Zond 1]]|
 list=[[Zond program|Zond program (interplanetary)]]|
 next=[[Zond 3]]
}}
{{Zond program}}
{{Mars spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 1964}}

[[Category:Zond program]]
[[Category:Soviet Mars missions]]
[[Category:Missions to Mars]]
[[Category:Derelict space probes]]
[[Category:Derelict satellites in heliocentric orbit]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1964]]
[[Category:1964 in the Soviet Union]]