View source for Zond 5

{{Short description|1968 Soviet spaceflight, first lunar mission to carry animals}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name                  = Zond 5
| names_list            = Soyuz 7K-L1 s/n 9<!--list of previous names if the spacecraft has been renamed. 
Include the dates applicable if possible, and separate each name with a linebreak. 
Omit if the spacecraft has only ever been known by one name. 
Do not include Harvard, COSPAR/NSSDC or SATCAT/NORAD/NASA designations as alternate names-->

<!--image of the spacecraft/mission-->
| image                 = ZOND.jpg
| image_caption         = Computer model of a Zond circumlunar spacecraft
| image_alt             = <!--image alt text-->

<!--Basic details-->
| mission_type          = {{unbulleted list|[[The Moon|Lunar]] flyby|Spacecraft test}}
| operator              = [[OKB-1]]
| COSPAR_ID             = 1968-076A<ref name=nssdc>{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-076A|title=Zond 5|publisher=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>
| SATCAT                = 3394<ref name=nssdc />
| website               = <!--Homepage of the craft/mission, OFFICIAL PAGES ONLY-->
| mission_duration      = 6 days, 18 hours, 24 minutes
| distance_travelled    = <!--How far the spacecraft travelled (if known)-->
| orbits_completed      = <!--number of times the spacecraft orbited the Earth - see below for spacecraft beyond Earth orbit-->
| suborbital_range      = <!--downrange distance reached if spacecraft did not enter orbit-->
| suborbital_apogee     = <!--altitude reached if spacecraft did not enter orbit-->

<!--Spacecraft properties-->
| spacecraft            = <!--Spacecraft name/serial number (eg. Space Shuttle ''Discovery'', Apollo CM-118), etc-->
| spacecraft_type       = <!--eg. GPS Block II, Kobalt-M, US-K, etc-->
| spacecraft_bus        = [[Soyuz 7K-L1]]
| manufacturer          = [[OKB-1]]
| launch_mass           = {{convert|5375|kg}}{{sfn|Siddiqi|2018|p=79}}
| BOL_mass              = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit at beginning of operational life, after LEOP phase-->
| landing_mass          = <!--Mass after landing (recovered spacecraft only)-->
| dry_mass              = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit without fuel-->
| payload_mass          = <!--Mass of cargo carried by spacecraft (eg. for Space Shuttle), or total mass of instrumentation/equipment/experiments for mission-->
| dimensions            = <!--body dimensions and solar array span-->
| power                 = <!--end-of-life power, in watts-->

<!--Launch details-->
| launch_date           = {{start date text|14 September 1968, 21:42:11|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC{{sfn|Siddiqi|2018|p=79}}
| launch_rocket         = [[Proton-K]]/[[Block D|D]]
| launch_site           = [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81|81]]
| launch_contractor     = <!--organisation(s) that conducted the launch (eg. United Launch Alliance, Arianespace, etc)-->
| deployment_from       = <!--place where deployed from-->
| deployment_date       = <!--date deployed-->
| entered_service       = <!--date on which the spacecraft entered service, if it did not do so immediately after launch-->
<!-- * - e.g. Proton-M/Briz-M not Proton-M, but Titan IV(401)A not Titan IV(401)A-Centaur-->

<!--end of mission-->
| disposal_type         = <!--Whether the spacecraft was deorbited, decommissioned, placed in a graveyard orbit, etc-->
| deactivated           = <!--when craft was decommissioned-->
| destroyed             = <!--when craft was destroyed (if other than by re-entry)-->
| last_contact          = <!--when last signal received if not decommissioned-->
| recovery_by           = Soviet vessels ''Borovichy'' and ''Vasiliy Golovin''
| recovery_date         = <!--date recovered-->
| decay_date            = <!--when craft re-entered the atmosphere, not needed if it landed-->
| landing_date          = {{end date|df=yes|1968|09|21}} 16:08 UT{{sfn|Siddiqi|2018|p=80}}
| landing_site          = {{unbulleted list|{{coord|32|38|S|65|33|E|display=inline,title}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/inostr-yazyki/sov-luna/sovets-luna.pdf|title=Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration|page=314}}</ref>|In the [[Indian Ocean]]}}

<!--orbit parameters-->
<!--as science-related articles, SI units should be the principal units of measurement, however we usually use {{convert}} to display imperial units in parentheses after the initial values-->
| orbit_reference       = [[Geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime          = [[Low Earth Orbit|Low Earth]] 
| orbit_longitude       = <!--geosynchronous satellites only-->
| orbit_slot            = <!--Designation of orbital position or slot, if not longitude (e.g plane and position of a GPS satellite)-->
| orbit_semimajor       = {{convert|6613|km|mi}}
| orbit_eccentricity    = 0.00604
| orbit_periapsis       = {{convert|202|km|mi}}
| orbit_apoapsis        = {{convert|282|km|mi}} 
| orbit_inclination     = 51.83°
| orbit_period          = 89.29 minutes
| orbit_RAAN            = <!--right ascension of the ascending node-->
| orbit_arg_periapsis   = <!--argument of perigee/periapsis-->
| orbit_mean_anomaly    = <!--mean anomaly at epoch, only use in conjunction with an epoch value-->
| orbit_mean_motion     = <!--mean motion of the satellite, usually measured in orbits per day-->
| orbit_repeat          = <!--repeat interval/revisit time-->
| orbit_velocity        = <!--speed at which the spacecraft was travelling at epoch - only use for spacecraft with low orbital eccentricity-->
| orbit_epoch           = 13 September 1968
| orbit_rev_number      = <!--revolution number-->
| apsis                 = gee

|interplanetary         = <!--Infobox spaceflight/IP can be called multiple times for missions with multiple targets or combined orbiter/lander missions, etc-->
 {{Infobox spaceflight/IP
   |type                = flyby
   |object              = [[Moon]]
   |orbits              = <!--number of orbits completed at target body (if applicable and known)-->
   |component           = <!--part of the spacecraft involved, if spacecraft split into multiple components-->
   |arrival_date        = 18 September 1968
   |departure_date      = <!--Date of leaving orbit for orbiters, date of launch for landers which took off again-->
   |location            = <!--landing/impact site, including EOM impacts for atmospheric probes and lunar/asteroid orbiters-->
   |distance            = {{convert|1950|km|abbr=on}}
 }}

<!--transponder parameters-->
| trans_band            = <!--Transponder frequency bands-->
| trans_frequency       = <!--specific frequencies-->
| trans_bandwidth       = <!--bandwidth-->
| trans_capacity        = <!--capacity of the transponders-->
| trans_coverage        = <!--area covered-->
| trans_TWTA            = <!--TWTA output power-->
| trans_EIRP            = <!--equivalent isotropic power-->
| trans_HPBW            = <!--half-power beam width-->

<!--Only use where a spacecraft/mission is part of a clear programme of sequential missions. 
If in doubt, leave it out-->
| programme             = [[Zond program|Zond]]
| previous_mission      = [[Zond 1968B]]
| next_mission          = [[Zond 6]]

<!--mission insignia or patch-->
| insignia              = <!--omit the "file" prefix-->
| insignia_caption      = <!--image caption-->
| insignia_alt          = <!--image alt text-->
| insignia_size         = <!--include px/em; defaults to 180px-->
}}
'''Zond 5''' ({{langx|ru|Зонд 5|lit=Probe 5}}) was a spacecraft of the Soviet [[Zond program]]. In September 1968 it became the first spaceship to travel to and circle the [[Moon]] in a [[circumlunar trajectory]], the first Moon mission to include animals, and the first to return safely to Earth. Zond 5 carried the first terrestrial organisms to the vicinity of the Moon, including two [[Russian tortoise]]s, fruit fly eggs, and plants.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2018/09/18/zond-5-soviet-tortises-around-the-moon/|title=The First Earthlings Around the Moon Were Two Soviet Tortoises|last=Betz|first=Eric|date=18 September 2018|work=[[Discover (magazine)|Discover]]|access-date=14 July 2019|archive-date=28 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928192410/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2018/09/18/zond-5-soviet-tortises-around-the-moon/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The tortoises underwent biological changes during the flight, but it was concluded that the changes were primarily due to starvation and that they were little affected by space travel.

The Zond spacecraft was a version of the [[Soyuz 7K-L1]] crewed lunar-flyby spacecraft. It was launched by a  [[Proton-K]] carrier rocket with a [[Block D]] [[Multistage rocket|upper-stage]] to conduct scientific studies during its lunar [[Planetary flyby|flyby]].

==Background==
Out of the first four [[Circumlunar trajectory|circumlunar]] missions launched by the [[Soviet Union]] there was one partial success, [[Zond 4]], and three failures.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2003|p=653}} After {{Nowrap|Zond 4}}'s mission in March 1968, a follow-up, [[Zond 1968A]], was launched on 23 April. The launch failed when an erroneous abort command shut down the Proton rocket's second stage. The escape rocket fired and pulled the [[Reentry capsule|descent module]] to safety.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/tent_launch.html|title=Tentatively Identified Missions and Launch Failures|publisher=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=3 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503234554/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/tent_launch.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/l1-no7l.html|title=L1 No. 7L: A circumlunar mission attempt|publisher=Russian Space Web|last1=Zak|first1=Anatoly|access-date=8 July 2019|date=14 July 2018}}</ref> In July, [[Zond 1968B]] was being prepared for launch when the {{Nowrap|Block D}} second-stage rocket exploded on the launchpad, killing three people, but leaving the Proton first-stage booster rocket and the spacecraft itself with only minor damage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.russianspaceweb.com/l1-no8l.html|title=Mission L1 No. 8L: A deadly accident|publisher=Russian Space Web|last1=Zak|first1=Anatoly|access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref>

The {{Nowrap|Zond 5}} mission was originally planned to fly [[Astronaut|cosmonauts]] around the Moon, but the failures of {{Nowrap|Zond 1968A}} and {{Nowrap|Zond 1968B}} led the Soviets to send an uncrewed mission instead, from fear of the negative propaganda of an unsuccessful crewed flight.<ref name=rsw />

== Payload ==

Two [[Russian tortoise]]s (''Agrionemys horsfieldii'') were included in the biological payload, weighing {{convert|0.34|–|0.4|kg|lb}} each pre-flight.{{sfn|Gaidamakin|Parfenov|Petrukhin|Antipov|1969|p=2}} Along with the tortoises, insects and micro-organisms were part of the crew.<ref name="obst">{{cite book |last1=Obst |first1=Fritz Jürgen |title=Turtles, Tortoises, and Terrapins |date=1986 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |isbn=0-312-82362-2 |page=173 |edition=1}}</ref> Soviet scientists chose tortoises since they were easy to tightly secure. There were also two tortoises used as control specimens and four more in a [[vivarium]]. Twelve days before launch, the two space-bound tortoises were secured in the vehicle and deprived of food and water; the control tortoises were similarly deprived.{{sfn|Gaidamakin|Parfenov|Petrukhin|Antipov|1969|p=2}} The food deprivation was a part of pathomorphological and [[Histology|histochemical]] experiments.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2003|p=654}} The biological payload also included [[Drosophila|fruit fly]] eggs; cells of wheat, barley, pea, pine, carrots and tomatoes; specimens of the wildflower species ''[[Tradescantia|Tradescantia paludosa]]''; three strains of the single-[[Cell (biology)|cell]]ed [[green algae]] ''[[Chlorella]]''; and one strain of [[Lysogen|lysogenic bacteria]].{{sfn|Siddiqi|2003|p=654}}<ref name=atlantic /> The purpose of sending a variety of terrestrial lifeforms was to test the effect of [[cosmic radiation]] on them.<ref name=journalnews /> However, the test subjects were not analogous to humans, because the choice of life forms were all [[extremophiles]] with a substantially higher [[radioresistance]].<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2002/05/06/Tortoise-blood-fights-radiation-sickness/36041020716491/ Tortoise blood fights radiation sickness] 6 May 2002 ''www.upi.com'' accessed 21 September 2021</ref><ref>[https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ggs1921/47/6/47_6_411/_article SOMATIC MUTATION RATE IN TRADESCANTIA STAMEN HAIRS AT LOW RADIATION LEVELS: FINDING OF LOW DOUBLING DOSES OF MUTATIONS] SADAO ICHIKAWA, ''www.jstage.jst.go.jp'', 1972 Volume 47 accessed 21 September 2021</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201107204722/http://faculty.sdmiramar.edu/fgarces/zCourse/All_Year/Ch201/aMy_FilesLab/05Lb_ActEx/13_Radioactivity/Radioactivity.pdf Radioactivity] Dr. Fred Omega Garces 8 February 2011 ''faculty.sdmiramar.edu'' accessed 21 September 2021</ref> The [[Russian Academy of Sciences]] stated that a mannequin equipped with radiation sensors occupied the pilot's seat.<ref name=nssdc />

Kazan Optical and Mechanical Plant had developed the AFA-BA/40 [[imager]], which was installed on the spacecraft, giving it the ability to [[image]] the Earth.<ref name=rsw>{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/zond5.html|title=Zond 5|publisher=Russian Space Web|access-date=9 March 2019|last1=Zak|first1=Anatoly}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=1968-076A-02|title=Earth-Cloud Photography|access-date=28 February 2019|publisher=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603192812/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=1968-076A-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{Nowrap|Zond 5}} also contained [[proton]] detectors.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=1968-076A-01|title=Proton Detectors|publisher=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|access-date=28 February 2019|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603192808/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=1968-076A-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{Nowrap|Zond 5}} could transmit some of its data back to ground stations, although data stored onboard and collected after return to Earth has less noise.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1968/09/24/archives/space-recordings-returned-by-zond-5.html|title=Space Recordings Returned by Zond 5|date=24 September 1968|newspaper=The New York Times|page=41}}</ref>

==Mission==
=== Launch and trajectory ===
{{Nowrap|Zond 5}} launched on 14 September 1968 at 21:42.10{{spaces}}UTC, from [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81|Site 81]] at the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]]. The thrust of the third-stage rocket was terminated at {{convert|160|km|mi}}, which was the start of a 251-second coast. {{Nowrap|[[Block D]]}}, the upper-stage rocket, ignited and burned for 108 seconds, placing the spacecraft into a parking orbit of {{convert|191|by(x)|219|km|mi}}. Fifty-six minutes into the parking orbit the {{Nowrap|Block D}} fired a final time for the [[trans-lunar injection]].<ref name=rsw /> After this maneuver, the launch was announced to the world.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2003|p=654}} Mission Control discovered a problem with {{Nowrap|Zond 5}}'s attitude and traced the cause to a contaminated star tracker. Heat caused some of the interior coating to [[Outgassing|outgas]],{{sfn|Siddiqi|2003|p=655}} which delayed an attitude correction on the way to the Moon. The maneuver was performed {{convert|325000|km|mi}} from Earth using the Sun and the Earth as reference points.<ref name=rsw />

On 18 September, the spacecraft flew around the Moon, although it did not orbit it.<ref name=atlantic>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/12/who-was-first-in-the-race-to-the-moon-the-tortoise/266665/|title=Who Was First in the Race to the Moon? The Tortoise|last1=Madigral|first1=Alexis C.|date=27 December 2012|publisher=Atlantic|access-date=9 March 2019}}</ref> The closest distance was {{convert|1950|km|mi}}.<ref name=nssdc /> On the way back from the Moon, another star tracker failed. The spacecraft also erroneously switched off the guided reentry system.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2003|p=655}} Eight ships were deployed to the [[Indian Ocean]] prior to launch, as a precaution in case the spacecraft could not reach Soviet territory; only three of them had rescue helicopters on board.<ref name=rsw />

=== Reentry and recovery ===
{{Location map | Indian Ocean| width = 200|lat_deg=-32.63|lon_deg=65.55|caption=Zond 5's splashdown location}}
On 21 September, the reentry capsule entered the Earth's atmosphere.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2003|pp=655–656}} The primary landing zone was in [[Kazakhstan]], but instead {{Nowrap|Zond 5}} [[splashdown|splashed down]] in the Indian Ocean and was recovered by the Soviet vessels ''Borovichy'' (Боровичи) and ''Vasiliy Golovnin'' (Василий Головнин).{{sfn|Cassutt|2007|p=320}}<ref>Oleg Pavlenko (Олег Павленко), [http://niskgd.ru/mix/p9/zond.htm Из истории Морского космического флота. К 35-летию полета корабля «Зонд-5»] (From the history of the Sea Space Fleet. On the 35th anniversary of the Zond 5 mission) {{in lang|ru}} (includes photos of the reentry capsule recovery)</ref> It landed at {{coord |32|38|S |65|33|E }},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Alpha&Alias=Zond%2005&Letter=Z&Display=ReadMore|title=Zond 5, Landing Point, Miss Distance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927021949/https://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Alpha&Alias=Zond%2005&Letter=Z&Display=ReadMore |archive-date=27 September 2011|publisher=NASA|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{convert|105|km|mi}} from the nearest Soviet naval ship. The landing occurred at night, which impaired recovery efforts.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2003|p=656}}

{{Nowrap|Zond 5}} became the first spacecraft to circle the Moon and return to Earth. The entire journey took 6{{spaces}}days, 18{{spaces}}hours and 24{{spaces}}minutes.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2018|pp=79–80}} The biological specimens were safely recovered.<ref name=nssdc /> {{USS|McMorris|DE-1036|6}} shadowed the Soviet recovery ships, collecting intelligence,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1302/1|title=Chasing the Zond|first1=Dwayne A.|last1=Day|work=The Space Review|date=9 February 2009|access-date=9 March 2019}}</ref> but left shortly after the spacecraft was brought on board the Soviet ship.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2003|p=656}}

==Results and future plans==
[[File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3733 stamp (Zond 5).png|thumb|1969 USSR stamp of Zond 5]]
High-quality photographs of the Earth, the first photos of their kind,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.energia.ru/english/energia/management/news_18-04-05.html|title=ENERGIA's driving force|publisher=ENERGIA|access-date=9 March 2019}}</ref> were taken at a distance of {{convert|90000|km|mi}}.<ref name=nssdc /> British astronomer [[Bernard Lovell]], considered to be Britain's top space expert, said that the {{Nowrap|Zond 5}} mission showed that the Soviets were ahead in the [[Space Race]]. The [[British Interplanetary Society]] believed that the USSR would be able to send cosmonauts around the Moon within a matter of months.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28995629/arizona_republic/|title=Russ Lead in Race to the Moon Top British Space Expert Says|newspaper=Arizona Republic|location=Phoenix, Arizona|date=23 September 1968|page=6|via=Newspapers.com|agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

In October 1968, sources in the U.S. claimed the mission was not as successful as the Soviets advertised. The mission had been intended to fly closer to the Moon, and its actual distance did not allow for useful lunar photography. They also said that the angle at which the spacecraft reentered the atmosphere was too steep for a cosmonaut to survive. The sources indicated that the spacecraft landed in the Indian Ocean when the planned location was in Soviet territory, which was a factor in the recovery taking ten hours.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28995654/daily_news/|title=Flight of Russian Moonship Called Blow to its Program|last1=Bloom|first1=Mark|newspaper=Daily News|location=New York, New York|date=1 October 1968|via=Newspapers.com|page=5}}</ref>

The official Soviet [[news agency]], [[TASS]], announced in November 1968 that the flight carried living animals. The tortoises were [[Dissection|dissected]] on 11 October after fasting for 39{{spaces}}days. The flying tortoises, identified as {{Numero|22}} and {{Numero|37}}, had lost 10% of their body weight during the trip, but showed no loss of appetite.{{sfn|Gaidamakin|Parfenov|Petrukhin|Antipov|1969|p=1}} The control tortoises lost 5% of their weight. Comparison of analyses of blood from the space-travelling tortoises and the control specimens revealed no differences. Another analysis showed the flying tortoises had elevated iron and [[glycogen]] levels in their [[liver]] and that the flight also affected the internal structures of their [[spleen]]s.<ref name=journalnews>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28995668/the_journal_news/|title=Turtles, Flies Circle the Moon|last1=Bausman|first1=John|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The Journal News|location=White Plains, New York|date=15 November 1968|page=24|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The authors concluded that the changes in the flight tortoises were primarily due to starvation, with the space travel having little effect.{{sfn|Gaidamakin|Parfenov|Petrukhin|Antipov|1969|p=3}} In November 1968, it was announced that the spacecraft was planned as a precursor to a crewed lunar spacecraft. The Soviets made this announcement a month before the planned [[Apollo 8]] flight, in an attempt to show they were close to being able to carry out a crewed trip to the Moon.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28995586/the_morning_call/|title=Soviets Recover Spacecraft After Flight Around Moon Opens Way for a Manned Shot|newspaper=The Morning Call|location=Allentown, Pennsylvania|date=23 September 1968|page=3|via=Newspapers.com|agency=New York Times News Service}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28995690/clarionledger/|title=Soviets Reveal Moonflight Probes Foretell Real Trip|date=25 November 1968|newspaper=Clarion-Ledger|location=Jackson, Mississippi|agency=Associated Press|page=34|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

== Cosmonaut crew communications test and hoax ==
The Zond 5 caused a scare in the United States when on 19 September 1968, the voices of cosmonauts [[Valery Bykovsky]], [[Vitaly Sevastyanov]] and [[Pavel Popovich]] were transmitted from the spacecraft and intercepted by [[Jodrell Bank Observatory]] and the [[CIA]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YqD2DQAAQBAJ|title = Ad Astra: An Illustrated Guide to Leaving the Planet|isbn = 9781471164064|last1 = Campbell|first1 = Dallas|date = 5 October 2017| publisher=Simon and Schuster }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=86elDwAAQBAJ|title = Apollo Confidential|isbn = 9781642795875|last1 = Viglietti|first1 = Lukas|date = 30 July 2019| publisher=Morgan James }}</ref> The cosmonauts were apparently reading out telemetry data and computer readings, and even discussing making an attempt to land. At the height of the [[Cold War]], there was a real concern that the Soviets might actually beat [[NASA]] to the Moon. [[Apollo 17]] astronaut [[Eugene Cernan]] remarked that the incident had "shocked the hell out of us."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBxSNMFqYPcC|title = The Last Man on the Moon: Astronaut Eugene Cernan and America's Race in Space|isbn = 9781429971782|last1 = Cernan|first1 = Eugene|last2 = Davis|first2 = Donald A.|date = April 2007| publisher=St. Martin's Publishing }}</ref>

Popovich would later recall: "When we realized we would never make it to the moon, we decided to engage in a little bit of hooliganism. We asked our engineers to link the on-the-probe receiver to the transmitter with a jumper wire. Moon flight missions were then controlled from a command centre in [[Yevpatoria]], in the [[Crimea]]. When the probe was on its path round the Moon, I was at the center. So I took the mic and said: "The flight is proceeding according to normal; we’re approaching the surface..." Seconds later my report – as if from outer space – was received on Earth, including [by] the Americans. The U.S. space advisor [[Frank Borman]] got a phone call from President [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]] [actually [[Lyndon Johnson|Johnson]]], who asked: 'Why is Popovich reporting from the moon?' My joke caused real turmoil. In about a month's time. Frank came to the [[USSR]], and I was instructed to meet him at the airport. Hardly had he walked out of his plane when he shook his fist at me and said: 'Hey, you, space hooligan!'"<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrdVPtCNL9AC|title = The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team: Their Lives and Legacies|isbn = 9780387848242|last1 = Burgess|first1 = Colin|last2 = Hall|first2 = Rex|date = 27 March 2009| publisher=Springer }}</ref>

== Location ==

The {{Nowrap|Zond 5}} capsule is on display at the [[RKK Energiya museum]], located in [[Moscow Oblast]], Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/r/russialocatnedspacecraft.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820191657/http://www.astronautix.com/r/russialocatnedspacecraft.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 August 2016|title=Russia: Location of Russian Manned Spacecraft|publisher=Astronautix|access-date=19 August 2018}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
*[[Animals in space]]
* [[Zond 6]], turtles on a circumlunar mission in November 1968
* [[Zond 7]], four turtles flew the August 1969 circumlunar flight
*[[Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey]], five mice who orbited the Moon a record 75 times in December 1972, while traveling on NASA's [[Apollo 17]] mission
* [[List of missions to the Moon]]
*[[Korabl-Sputnik 5]], another Soviet mission some mistakenly thought was crewed.

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
*{{cite book|first1=Michael|last1=Cassutt|title=Red Moon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QdBP8E4di0sC&pg=PA320|year=2007|publisher=Tom Doherty Associates|isbn=978-1-4299-7172-0}}
*{{cite conference|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32682/1970.SHIS24.pdf|script-title=ru:Патоморфологические и гистохимические изменения в органах черепах на борту космического корабля «Зонд-5»|language=ru|trans-title=Patho-Morphological and Histochemical Changes in the Organs of Turtles on Board the "Zond-5" Probe|last1=Gaidamakin|first1=N. A.|last2=Parfenov|first2=G. P.|last3=Petrukhin|first3=V. G.|last4=Antipov|first4=V. V.|last5=Saksonov|first5=P. P.|last6=Smirvona|first6=A. V.|conference=18th IAF Conference|location=La Plata, Argentina|year=1969|translator-last=Friedman|translator-first=Morris D.|editor1-last=Zug|editor1-first=George R.|editor2-last=Peters|editor2-first=James A.}}
*{{cite book|url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf|title=Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016|page=80|last1=Siddiqi|first1=Asif A.|publisher=NASA History Program Office|id=SP-2018-4041|location=Washington, D.C.|lccn=2017059404|date=2018|isbn=9781626830424}}
*{{cite book|last=Siddiqi|first=Asif A.|title=The Soviet Space Race with Apollo |publisher=University Press of Florida |location=Gainesville, Florida|year=2003|orig-year=2000 |isbn=978-0-8130-2628-2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.planetary.org/multimedia/space-images/earth/C_Zond05_1.html Zond 5 image of Earth]

{{Zond program}}
{{Moon spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 1968}}
{{N1-L3}}
{{Inspace}}
{{Individual turtles}}

[[Category:Missions to the Moon]]
[[Category:Zond program]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1968]]
[[Category:1968 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Lunar flybys]]
[[Category:Animals in space]]
[[Category:Animal testing in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Individual tortoises]]
[[Category:Animal deaths by euthanasia]]