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{{Short description|Municipality in Belgrade, Serbia}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->| official_name      = Zvezdara
| other_name         = 
| native_name        = {{native name|sr-Cyrl|Звездара|italics=off}}
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| nickname           = 
| settlement_type    = [[Subdivisions of Belgrade|Municipality]]
| motto              = <!-- images and maps  ----------->
| image_skyline      = Свјетлопис зграде Опћине Звјездара, Биоград.jpg
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| image_flag         = FLAG Zvezdara.gif
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| image_shield       = COA Zvezdara.png
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| image_map          = File:Belgrade Municipalities Zvezdara.png
| mapsize            = 150px
| map_caption        = Location of Zvezdara within the city of Belgrade
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| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Serbia}}
| subdivision_type1  = City
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Belgrade}}
| subdivision_type2  = [[Subdivisions of Belgrade|Status]]
| subdivision_name2  = Urban
| subdivision_type3  = Settlements
| subdivision_name3  = 1
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| subdivision_name4  = <!-- Politics ----------------->
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = Municipality of Belgrade
| leader_party       = [[Serbian Progressive Party|SNS]]
| leader_title       = [[Municipality president|Mun.&nbsp;president]]
| leader_name        = Mihailo Dosković
| established_title  = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date   = 
| established_title2 = Municipality status
| established_date2  = 1 September 1955
| established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date3  = <!-- Area    --------------------->
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| unit_pref          = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="area-zvezdara">{{cite web |title=Насеља општине Звездара |url=http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/axd/Registar/SlikeRegioni/Mapiranemape/BG%20i%20VOJ/ReZvezdara.pdf |website=stat.gov.rs |publisher=Statistical Office of Serbia |access-date=23 October 2019 |language=sr |archive-date=14 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114152240/http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/axd/Registar/SlikeRegioni/Mapiranemape/BG%20i%20VOJ/ReZvezdara.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 31.11 <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_land_km2      = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
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| area_blank1_km2    = 
| area_blank1_sq_mi  = <!-- Population   ----------------------->
| population_as_of   = 2022
| population_footnotes = 
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| population_total   = 172625
| population_density_km2 = 5,526
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| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information  --------------->
| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset         = +1
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +2
| coordinates        = {{coord|44|47|N|20|32|E|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m        = 270
| elevation_ft       = <!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| postal_code_type   = Postal code <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code        = 11000
| area_code          = +381(0)11
| blank_name         = [[Serbian vehicle registration plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info         = BG
| blank1_name        = 
| blank1_info        = 
| website            = {{url|www.zvezdara.rs}}
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Zvezdara''' ({{lang-sr-cyr|Звездара}}, {{IPA|sh|zv̞ě̞zdara|pron}}) is a [[Subdivisions of Belgrade|municipality]] of the city of [[Belgrade]]. The municipality is geographically hilly and with many forests. According to the 2022 census results, the municipality has a population of 172,625 inhabitants.

The municipality of Zvezdara is located east of Belgrade and occupied almost the entire eastern urban section of the city. It borders the municipalities of [[Palilula, Belgrade|Palilula]] on the north-west, north and north-east, [[Grocka]] on the east and south-east, [[Voždovac]] on the south and south-west and [[Vračar]] on the west.

==History==
Historically, Zvezdara hill was known as Great [[Vračar]]. Vračаr area at that time occupied much wider area that it does today and was divided into [[West Vračar]], [[East Vračar]] and Great Vračar. Turkish source from 1621 describes it as "a hill and a big field". In the 17th and 18th century, the area was covered in vineyards, orchards and lush oriental gardens, a major excursion ground for the wealthy Belgrade Turks which called the hill Ekmekluk (Turkish ''ekmek'', meaning bread) and built their summer houses there. The Ekmekluk occupied the slope which today spreads from the observatory to the Cvetko Market.<ref name=gisa>{{Citation | author = Slobodan Giša Bogunović | title = Biodiverzitet na roštilju | newspaper = [[Politika]] | language = sr | date = 3 September 2011 }}</ref><ref name=zelenilo>{{cite web | url = http://www.zelenilo.rs/zasticena-prirodna-dobra/zasticeno-podrucje-zvezdarska-suma-spomenik-prirode | title = Zaštićeno područje "Zvezdarska šuma", spomenik prirode | trans-title = Protected area "Zvezdara Forest", natural monument | publisher = JKP Zelenilo-Beograd | language = sr | access-date = 2019-02-10 | archive-date = 2019-02-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190212072100/https://www.zelenilo.rs/zasticena-prirodna-dobra/zasticeno-podrucje-zvezdarska-suma-spomenik-prirode | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author = Marija Brakočević | title = Beograd leži na 23 brda | trans-title = Belgrade lies on 23 hills | newspaper = Politika | language = sr | date = 21 May 2014 | url = http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/293835/Beograd/Beograd-lezi-na-23-brda}}</ref>

When Belgrade was occupied in 1717 by [[Austria]], a defense moat was built whose outer section crossed the hill, where the modern ''Volgina'' street is today. After Austria re-occupied Belgrade in 1789, the trench was reconstructed by the general [[Ernst Gideon von Laudon]] and became known as the "Laudan trench" (Serbian: Laudanov šanac or simply Šanac). Due to the military importance of the hill, its gardens were neglected.<ref name=gisa/><ref name=zelenilo/>

Until the 1930s, the Zvezdara hill was known as Veliki Vračar (Great Vračar). In the 19th century the foothills were not urbanized and, being far from the city center, were used by the Belgraders as a resort and picnic area, named ''Baba Ružin kraj'' ("Grandma Ruža's neighborhood"). In 1929-32 an observatory designed by [[Czechs|Czech]]-born architect [[Jan Dubový]] (1892–1969) was built on top of the hill. The observatory was originally called ''zvezdara'' ("star-house") in Serbian, so the hill and the developing suburban area of Belgrade around it was named that way soon. In time, [[Latinism]] ''opservatorija'' replaced ''zvezdara'', which in turn completely disappeared from spoken language as such, but remained as a name of Belgrade's neighborhood. As a result, many today believe Zvezdara was named that way simply after stars (Serbian ''zvezda'', star). In 1935 the Clinical Center (KBC) Zvezdara was built as a bequest by wealthy Serbian merchant [[Nikola Spasić]]. The area was rich in water, originally used for city waterworks. Several public [[drinking fountain]]s were built (like Pasha's fountain, dating from the [[First Serbian Uprising]], in modern ''Živka Davidovića'' street or the Fountain of the third-class reservists, for the killed soldiers of the [[World War I]]. near KBC Zvezdara).<ref>[[Politika]] daily, July 16, 2007, p.25</ref>

The KBC Zvezdara, which in time became known as the City Hospital Zvezdara, doubled its capacities already prior to [[World War II]], expanding also number of wards. After the war it expanded capacities almost 8 times compared to December 1935, when it was opened and became one of the largest medical complexes in Serbia. Donation from the [[Sue Ryder (charity)|Sue Ryder charity]] in 1963, allowed the establishment of the first geriatrics ward in Yugoslavia.<ref>{{cite news | author = Danijela Davidov Kesar | script-title=sr: КБЦ Звездара обележила 85 година постојања | trans-title = KBC Zvezdara marked 85th anniversary | newspaper = Politika | page = 8 | language = sr | date = 10 December 2020}}</ref>

The municipality of Zvezdara was created on 1 September 1955, from (at that time) new neighborhoods around the observatory. On 1 January 1957 Zvezdara was greatly enlarged as the municipalities of Stari Đeram and Mali Mokri Lug were annexed to it. Villages of Kaluđerica, Vinča and Leštane (previously parts of Mali Mokri Lug) were later detached and annexed to the municipality of Grocka. In the first half of the 1970s, all settlements in the municipality became part of the Belgrade city proper (''uža teritorija grada'') so the entire municipality of Zvezdara is today one of six municipalities which are completely part of urban Belgrade.

==Neighborhood==
The Zvezdara neighborhood ({{coord|44.8|20.508|format=dms|type:city|display=inline}}) is located south-east of downtown Belgrade. In its original sense, the neighborhood of Zvezdara comprises areas around the Zvezdara Forest, including the neighborhood of Zvezdara II. It borders the neighborhoods of [[Bogoslovija, Belgrade|Bogoslovija]] and [[Karaburma]] on the north, [[Ćalije]] on the north-east (all in the municipality of [[Palilula, Belgrade|Palilula]]), [[Mirijevo]] on the east, [[Mali Mokri Lug]] on the south-east, [[Cvetkova Pijaca]] and [[Konjarnik]] on the south, [[Lion, Belgrade|Lion]] on the south-west and [[Bulbuder]] on the west. The area had a population of 10,095 by the 2002 census of population. However, after the creation of the municipality in 1955, the entire section west and south-west of Zvezdara is today considered as part of it in a narrow sense (Lion, Bulbuder, Lipov Lad, Cvetkova Pijaca, etc.).

This is a list of neighborhoods in the municipality:
{|
|- valign=top
|
*[[Bulbulder]]
*[[Crveni Krst (Belgrade)|Crveni Krst]]
*[[Cvetanova Ćuprija]]
**[[Denkova Bašta]]
*[[Đeram]]
*[[Konjarnik]]
*[[Konjarnik I]]
*[[Konjarnik II]]
|
*[[Konjarnik III]]
*[[Lion, Belgrade|Lion]]
*[[Lipov Lad]]
*[[Mali Mokri Lug]]
*[[Mirijevo]]
*[[Mirijevo II]]
*[[Mirijevo III]]
*[[Mirijevo IV]]
|
*[[Novo Mirijevo]]
*[[Orlovsko Naselje]]
*[[Padina (Belgrade)|Padina]]
*[[Rudo (Belgrade)|Rudo]]
*[[Slavujev Venac]]
*[[Stari Đeram]]
*[[Staro Mirijevo]]
*[[Učiteljsko Naselje]]
|
*[[Veliki Mokri Lug]]
*[[Vukov Spomenik]]
*[[Zeleno Brdo]]
*[[Olimp, Belgrade|Olimp]]
*[[Kaluđerica II]]
*[[Zvezdara II]]
|}

==Geography==
{{Panorama|image = Image:Karaburma panorama north.jpg|fullwidth = 16479|fullheight = 1400|caption=Panorama of the hill, from north. [[Karaburma]] is in the foreground.|height= 200}}
Despite being one of Belgrade's minor municipalities in terms of area (31 square kilometer), Zvezdara covers some of the highest sections of urban Belgrade, including the hills:
* Stojčino Brdo (270 meters)
* Orlovica (265 meters, also, but incorrectly, named Orlovača on some city maps)
* Zvezdara (253 meters)
* Mokroluško Brdo (234 meters)

Zvezdara basically has no real city parks, but has two large wooded areas, Zvezdara Forest (with an arranged park within, in the north-central part) and the northern section of [[Stepin Lug]] in the southern part of the municipality. [[Lipov Lad#Peti Park|Peti Park]] (Fifth park) is a minute green area in the neighborhood of Lipov Lad which gained a lot of publicity in the mid-2000s with a public movement to keep the area green.

Zvezdara does not come out on the river banks of two major Belgrade's rivers (the [[Danube]] and [[Sava]]). The major water flows in the municipality are two creeks, both of which are partially conducted underground in the city sewer: [[Mokroluški potok]] and ''Mirijevski potok''. For several hundred meters, the [[Bolečica]] river flows through the southernmost part of the municipality, near [[Bubanj Potok]].

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
| type = 
| percentages = pagr
|1948|56177 |1953|66580 |1961|88919 |1971|112938 |1981|128573 |1991|140483 |2002|132621 |2011|151808  |2022|172625
| source = <ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia|url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga20.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia|access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref>
}}
According to the 2022 census results, the municipality has a population of 172,625 inhabitants. The population of the municipality had a steady, large growth until the 1990s when birthrates plunged in all of Serbia due to the [[Yugoslav Wars]]. Zvezdara remains one of the most densely populated areas in entire Serbia, with 4,897 inhabitants per square kilometer {{as of|2011|lc=y}}.

===Ethnic groups===
The ethnic composition of the municipality (as of 2022):<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2023/PdfE/G20234001.pdf |title=ETHNICITY - Data by municipalities and cities |publisher=[[Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia]] |year=2023 |isbn=9788661612282 |location=Belgrade, Serbia |pages=32-33 |access-date=2023-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122221709/https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2023/PdfE/G20234001.pdf |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Ethnic group
! Population
! Percent
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Serbs]]||align="right"|147,476
|85.43%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Romani people in Serbia|Romani]]||align="right"|1,590
|0.92%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Yugoslavs in Serbia|Yugoslavs]]||align="right"|1,013
|0.59%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Montenegrins of Serbia|Montenegrins]]||align="right"|607
|0.35%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Russians]]||align="right"|591
|0.34%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Macedonians in Serbia|Macedonians]]||align="right"|415
|0.24%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Croats of Serbia|Croats]]||align="right"|361
|0.21%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Gorani people in Serbia|Gorani]]||align="right"|336
|0.19%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Muslims (nationality)|Muslims]]||align="right"|224
|0.13%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Bosniaks of Serbia|Bosniaks]]||align="right"|186
|0.11%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Hungarians of Serbia|Hungarians]]||align="right"|160
|0.09%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Bulgarians of Serbia|Bulgarians]]||align="right"|108
|0.06%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Slovenians]]||align="right"|86
|0.05%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Romanians of Serbia|Romanians]]||align="right"|65
|0.04%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Slovaks of Serbia|Slovaks]]||align="right"|62
|0.04%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|[[Albanians in Serbia|Albanians]]||align="right"|37
|0.02%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|Others||align="right"|1,094
|0.6%
|-
|style="background:#F5F5DC;"|Undeclared/Unknown||align="right"|18,279
|10.59%
|-
|style="background:#F0F0F0;"|'''Total'''||align="right"|'''172,625'''
|}

==Administration==
Recent Presidents of the municipality were:
* 1996–2000: Vučeta Mandić
* 2000–November 19, 2004: Petar Moravac (b. 1964)
* November 19, 2004 – February 18, 2005: Milan Popović (b. 1948)
* February 18, 2005 – June 28, 2005: [[Ljubiša Stojmirović]] (b. 1950)
* June 28, 2005 – June 11, 2012: Milan Popović (b. 1948)
* June 11, 2012 – June 1, 2016: [[Edip Šerifov]] (b. 1977)
* June 1, 2016 – September 4, 2020: Miloš Ignjatović (b. 1961)
* September 4, 2020 – present: Vladan Jeremić (b. 1974)

==Culture and society==
Educational and research facilities:
* leading [[Information technology|ICT]] researchers, [[Mihajlo Pupin Institute]]
* Zvezdara observatory
* Belgrade Business School
* Republic Bureau of Statistics
* VI Belgrade Gymnasium
* Technical school for Geodesy and Surveying
* Technical College of Vocational Studies for Civil Engineering and Surveying
* Nursing school
* Medical center (KBC Zvezdara)
* City hospital (''Gradska bolnica'')
* Anti-tuberculosis hospital

Theaters:
* Tetar Kult
* Zvezdara Teatar

Churches:
* {{ill|Shroud of the Holy Mother of God (Đeram)|sr|Црква Покрова Пресвете Богородице у Београду}}; former industrial object, adapted into church by [[Momir Korunović]] in 1933;<ref name=korun>{{ cite news | author = Dejan Aleksić | title = Zaboravljeni srpski Gaudi | trans-title = Forgotten Serbian Gaudi | newspaper = [[Politika]] | language = sr | date = 22 April 2018 | url = http://www.politika.co.rs/sr/clanak/402400/Zaboravljeni-srpski-Gaudi }}</ref>
* {{ill|Saint Prince Lazar (Bulbulder)|sr|Црква Светог кнеза Лазара на Звездари}}; also built by Korunović;<ref name=korun/>
* Saint Trifon (Mali Mokri Lug)
* Saint [[Prophet Elias]] (Mirijevo)
* Saint Father Nikolay ([[Novo groblje|New Cemetery]])

Sports:
* Stadium [[FK Hajduk Beograd]]
* Stadium [[FK Zvezdara]]
* Stadium [[FK Balkan Bukovica]]
* Stadium FK 29. November
* Stadium FK Mladi Proleter
* Sports center "Zvedara" (popularly styled "Olimp")

==Economy==
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022):<ref name="stats2023">{{cite web|title=MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2023.|url=https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2023/PdfE/G202313050.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=[[Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia]]|access-date=20 September 2024}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Activity
! Total
|-
|Agriculture, forestry and fishing||align="right"|97
|-
|Mining and quarrying||align="right"|14
|-
|Manufacturing||align="right"|3,720
|-
|Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply||align="right"|325
|-
|Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities||align="right"|1,810
|-
|Construction||align="right"|4,859
|-
|Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles||align="right"|9,037
|-
|Transportation and storage||align="right"|3,595
|-
|Accommodation and food services||align="right"|2,113
|-
|Information and communication||align="right"|3,041
|-
|Financial and insurance activities||align="right"|845
|-
|Real estate activities||align="right"|343
|-
|Professional, scientific and technical activities||align="right"|4,543
|-
|Administrative and support service activities||align="right"|3,766
|-
|Public administration and defense; compulsory social security||align="right"|2,618
|-
|Education||align="right"|4,175
|-
|Human health and social work activities||align="right"|3,042
|-
|Arts, entertainment and recreation||align="right"|972
|-
|Other service activities||align="right"|1,931
|-
|Individual agricultural workers||align="right"|25
|- class="sortbottom"
|'''Total'''||align="right"|'''50,870'''
|}

===Industry===
As many areas of modern Zvezdara municipalities were villages and rural areas annexed to it in the 1950s, entire southern and eastern sections (Padina, Veliki Mokri Lug, Mali Mokri Lug, Mirijevo) are without industry. Industrial facilities are mostly grouped in two sections: Konjarnik (plastics ''Bukulja'', precise and optical instruments  ''Precizna mehanika'', [[white metal]]s ''Metal'') and upper ''Bulevar kralja Aleksandra'' section (textile ''Kluz'', electronics ''Nikola Tesla'', plastics ''Utenzilija'', presses ''Glas Javnosti'' and ''Kurir'', [[foundry]] ''Livnica'').

===Commerce===
As most of the ''Bulevar kralja Aleksandra'' goes through the municipality of Zvezdara, one of the strongest commercial zones in Belgrade developed around this, the longest street in the old section of Belgrade (9 kilometers). The long zone along the boulevard, simply known as "Bulevar" (despite there are some 20 boulevards in Belgrade), apart from several dozens of shops of all kinds, hosted also hundreds of street sellers, which are now confined to the large covered [[fair]]-type store named "Depo" ("[[wiktionary:depot|depot]]").

===Transportation===
{{Railways and trams in Zvezdara RDT}}
Some of the busiest streets in Belgrade pass through the municipality of Zvezdara. Basically, the main street that goes through the central part of the entire municipality is [[Bulevar kralja Aleksandra]] which continues through the municipality of Grocka to the town of [[Smederevo]]. Additionally, in almost parallel way, the [[Highway Belgrade–Niš]] goes through the southern part.  ''Ruzveltova'' and ''Mije Kovačevića'' in the eastern section are among the busiest and most polluted traffic areas in the city. Other major city routes include streets ''Vojislava Ilića'', ''Ustanička'', ''Dimitrija Tucovića'', ''Dragoslava Srejovića'', ''Milana Rakića'', ''Jovanke Radaković'', ''Mirijevski venac'' and ''Matice Srpske''. The large [[bus garage]] depot of [[GSP Belgrade]], city's public transportation company and ''Lasta'', its sister company, are located on the highway.

There is no railroad passing through the municipality, but Vukov Spomenik is one of the underground train stations of the future Belgrade Metro, which for now operates as part of the Belgrade-[[Pančevo]] railway (local "[[BG Voz]]" suburban rail), connecting [[Nova Pazova]] (in the province of [[Vojvodina]]), Belgrade and Pančevo (in Vojvodina again).

===Zvezdara II===
A northern sub-neighborhood of Zvezdara, today mostly centered on the [[roundabout]] of bus line number 65. It consists of several small urban patches in the northern section of Zvezdara Forest, north of the observatory and [[Mihajlo Pupin Institute]] and along the ''Dragoslava Srejovića'' street, which divides it from the neighborhoods of Karaburma and Ćalije on the north and north-east, respectively, both in the municipality of Palilula.

===Zvezdara Forest===
{{main|Zvezdara Forest}}

Zvezdara Forest (''Zvezdarska šuma'' or ''Zvezdani Gaj'', Serbian Cyrillic: '''Звездарска шума''' or '''Звездани гај''') After [[Topčider]] and [[Košutnjak]], Zvezdara is the largest forest in the urban zone of Belgrade, a [[crescent]]-shaped wooded area which covers most of the Zvezdara Hill. The northern and eastern border of the wood is formed mostly by the ''Dragoslava Srejovića'' street. It borders the neighborhoods of Karaburma on the north, Ćalije on the north-east, Mirijevo on the east, Cvetkova Pijaca on the south and Zvezdara itself on the west.

In the beginning of the 20th century the Veliki Vračar Hill area was designed for afforestation. After the construction of the observatory in 1929-32 on top of the hill, the forest creation began making a unique artificially created green zone in Belgrade's urban tissue. Today, the observatory is roughly in the middle of the forest.

The Zvezdara Forest today covers an area of 137 [[hectare]]s, out of which 21 hectare is arranged as a park.<ref>[[Večernje Novosti]] daily, April 9, 2007, p.16</ref> Apart from the observatory, objects within the forest or near it include the "Mihajlo Pupin Institute" in the north-central and seven small [[stadium]]s (FC 29. Novembar, FC Zvezdara, FC Mladi proleter) in the north-western section. Patches of the northern section are urbanized, forming a neighborhood of Zvezdara II (especially along the ''Dragoslava Srejovića'' street). The forest is also damaged by the unauthorized individual residential construction, so in 2007 Belgrade City government announced further plans to extend the Zvezdara Forest to the north and south, connecting it in the process to [[Ada Huja]] and [[Šumice (Belgrade)|Šumice]], respectively, either as real park or just [[avenue (landscape)|avenue]]s, and thus creating Belgrade's [[Greenway (landscape)|greenway]].

Number of animal species protected by Serbian and international laws live in Zvezdara forest. Some of them are:
*[[Southern white-breasted hedgehog|East European hedgehog]] (Latin ''Erinaceus concolor''; Serbian: ''evropski belogrudi jež'')
*[[European mole]] (Lat. ''Talpa europaea''; Serbian: ''krtica'')
*[[Common buzzard]] (Lat. ''Buteo buteo''; Serbian: ''mišar'')
*[[Tawny owl]] (Lat. ''Strix aluco''; Serbian: ''šumska sova'')
*[[Long-eared owl]] (Lat. ''Asio otus''; Serbian: ''mala ušara'')
*[[Scops-owl|Scops owl]] (Lat. ''Otus scops''; Serbian: ''ćuk'')<ref>Study of Tawny Owl Strix aluco (Linnaeus 1758) diet from pellet samples collected in Serbia during 2003 and 2004 [http://www.owlpages.com/articles.php?section=Studies+and+Papers&title=Tawny+Owl+Serbia]</ref>
*[[Little owl]] (Lat. ''Athene noctua''; Serbian: ''kukumavka'')

==International cooperation==
Zvezdara is twinned with the following cities and municipalities:

* {{flagicon|North Macedonia}} '''[[Kisela Voda municipality|Kisela Voda]]''', [[North Macedonia]]

Honoring this cooperation, one street between Zvezdara and Mirijevo was named "Kisela Voda" in the mid-2000s.

==See also==
* [[Subdivisions of Belgrade]]
* [[List of Belgrade neighborhoods and suburbs]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* ''Mala Prosvetina Enciklopedija'', First edition (1959); Prosveta;
* Jovan Đ. Marković (1990): ''Enciklopedijski geografski leksikon Jugoslavije''; Svjetlost-Sarajevo; {{ISBN|86-01-02651-6}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Zvezdara}}
* {{official website|http://www.zvezdara.rs}}
* [http://www.zvezdarateatar.rs/ Zvezdara Theatre]
* [http://www.aob.bg.ac.rs/ Zvezdara Observatory]
* [http://sites.google.com/site/zvezdaraforest/ Protect Zvezdara forest]

{{Neighbourhoods of Zvezdara}}
{{Municipalities of Serbia}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Zvezdara| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Belgrade]]
[[Category:Neighborhoods of Belgrade]]
[[Category:Parks in Belgrade]]
|}