imported>Gonnym: added basic infobox

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{{Short description|Latin letter E with acute accent}}
{{Distinguish|È}}
{{About|the letter|the Sumerian word|É (temple)|the cuneiform|É (cuneiform)|the album by Duda Brack|É (album){{!}}''É'' (album)}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox grapheme
| letter = É é
| script = [[Latin script]]
| image = Latin letter E with acute.svg
| caption = Latin letter [[E]] with acute
}}
'''É''' or '''é''' ([[e]]-[[Acute accent|acute]]) is a letter of the [[Latin alphabet]]. In English, it is used for [[loanwords]] (such as French ''[[résumé]]''), [[romanization]] (Japanese ''[[Pokémon]]'') (Balinese ''[[Denpasar|Dénpasar]]'', ''[[Buleleng Regency|Buléléng]]'') or occasionally as a pronunciation aid in poetry, to indicate stress on an unusual syllable.

Languages may use ''é'' to indicate a certain sound ([[French language|French]]), stress pattern ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]), length ([[Czech language|Czech]]) or tone ([[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]), as well as to write loanwords or distinguish identical-sounding words ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]). Certain romanization systems such as [[pinyin]] (Standard Chinese) also use ''é'' for tone. Some languages use the letter only in specific contexts, such as in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] dictionaries.

==Languages==

===Afrikaans===
In Afrikaans, é is used to differentiate meaning and word types. For example: in a sentence that repeats a word (that contains the vowel e) with different meaning or specificity, the e in one of the occurrences could be replaced with é to indicate the different meaning or specificity. Furthermore, é is respected when writing foreign words, mainly from French; and it is used to add visual stress on words in the same way English might use italics.<ref>[https://www.beterafrikaans.co.za/website/index.php?pag=113 "Beter Afrikaans - Gravis-/akuutteken"]. Retrieved May 26, 2022.</ref>

===Balinese===
É in [[Balinese language|Balinese]] is the only diacritic found form and is used to represent [/eː/] for example:

* animal: {{lang|ban|léléipi}} ("snake"), {{lang|ban|kédis}} ("bird")
* verb: {{lang|ban|subé}} ("done"), {{lang|ban|méméaca}} (reading)
* number counting: {{lang|ban|télu}} ("three"), {{lang|ban|eném}}} (six).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yonatan |first=Agnes Z. |title=Belajar Angka dalam Bahasa Bali dan Cara Penyebutannya |url=https://www.detik.com/bali/berita/d-6443195/belajar-angka-dalam-bahasa-bali-dan-cara-penyebutannya |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=detikbali |language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2022-12-14 |title=Penyebutan Angka 1 sampai 100 dalam Bahasa Bali Halaman all |url=https://denpasar.kompas.com/read/2022/12/14/161950078/penyebutan-angka-1-sampai-100-dalam-bahasa-bali |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref>

===Catalan===
In [[Catalan phonology|Catalan]], é is used to represent [e], e.g. {{lang|ca|séc}} [sek] "fold". Similar to French and Italian, there is a contrast between é and è, the latter of which represents [ɛ] (e.g. {{lang|ca|què}} [kɛ] "what").<ref>[http://www.iesolorda.cat/departaments/cat/fon_tot.pdf#p=6/ Sebastià Bech: ''Apunts de fonètica catalana'']</ref>

===Czech and Slovak===
É is the 9th letter of the [[Czech alphabet]] and the 12th letter of the [[Slovak alphabet]] and represents {{IPA|/ɛː/}}

===Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish===
In Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish, the letter "é" is used to indicate that a terminal syllable with the vowel ''e'' is stressed, and it is often used only when it changes the meaning, common examples including ''[[:wiktionary:én#Norwegian Bokmål|én]]'', ''[[:wiktionary:idé#Norwegian Bokmål|idé]]'', and ''[[:wiktionary:allé#Danish|allé]]''. See [[Acute accent#Stress|Acute accent]] for a more detailed description. In addition, Danish uses é in some loanwords to represent /i/.

It is not a numbered letter in any of the 3 languages, and is not always used in digital texts due to writers' unfamiliarity with [[dead key]]s, resulting in for instance Norwegian text readers having to guess between the very different meanings of ''[[:wiktionary:roter#Norwegian Bokmål|roter]]'' and ''[[:wiktionary:server#Norwegian Bokmål|server]]'' based on context.

===Dutch===
Uses it to mark stress (vóórkomen – voorkómen, meaning occur and prevent respectively). Like in English, é is respected when writing foreign words, mainly from French. It is also used to differentiate the article "een", equivalent to either "a" or "an" in English, and "één", the number one. It is also used to add visual stress on words in the same way English might use italics. In Dutch, some people use "hé" as a greeting, like "hey" or "hi".

===Emilian===
In [[Emilian dialect|Emilian]], é is used to represent [e], e.g. ''récc'' [rekː] "rich".

===English===
{{Main|Acute accent#English}}
In English, the e-acute (é) has some uses, mostly in words [[loanword|borrowed]] from French, such as [[née]], [[résumé]], [[fiancée]], [[sauté]], and [[coupé]]; and names such as [[Beyoncé]], Breneé, [[Murder of JonBenét Ramsey|JonBenét]], and Théo. Often the purpose of the accent is to remind the reader that a final ''e'' is not silent. [[Pokémon]], the media franchise owned by Japanese video game company and corporation [[Nintendo]], uses [k]é to signify the proper pronunciation of the katakana [[ケ]].

===French===
{{Main|French orthography#Diacritics}}

The letter ''é'' (pronounced {{IPA|/e/}}) contrasts with è (which is pronounced {{IPA|/ɛ/}}) and is widely used in French.

===Galician===
In Galician, ''é'' is used for words with irregular [[Stress (linguistics)|stress]] (such as ''inglés'' and ''café'') and for distinguishing {{IPA|/e/}} {{IPA|[e]}} and {{IPA|/ɛ/}} {{IPA|[é]}} in [[Minimal pair|minimal pairs of words]].

===Hungarian===
É is the 10th letter of the [[Hungarian alphabet]] and represents {{IPA|/eː/}}.

===Icelandic===

É is the 8th letter of the [[Icelandic orthography|Icelandic alphabet]] and represents {{IPA|/jɛː/}}. The letter has been used from the beginning in the Icelandic alphabet, originally the comma merely signified that it was a long rather than a short vowel. The meaning of the letter changed from merely a long -e to -ie and then -je. It fell out of use for centuries only to be reinstated by the spelling rules in 1929.

===Indonesian===
É is used in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] dictionaries to denote {{IPAslink|e}}, in contrast with ''E, e'' ({{IPAslink|ə}}). For example, ''serang'' (without the acute) means "to attack," whereas ''[[Serang, Banten|Sérang]]'' (with the acute) is the provincial capital of [[Banten]].

===Irish===
In Irish the acute accent (''fada'') marks a long vowel and so ''é'' is pronounced {{IPA|/eː/}}. In contrast to ''e'' which is pronounced /ε/.

===Italian===
''É'' is a variant of ''E'' carrying an acute accent; it represents an {{IPAslink|e}} carrying the tonic accent. It is used only if it is the last letter of the word except in dictionaries or when a different pronunciation may affect the meaning of a word: ''perché'' ("why"/"because", {{IPA|it|perˈke|pron}}) and ''pésca'' ("fishing", {{IPA|it|ˈpeska|}}), to be compared with ''caffè'' ("coffee", {{IPA|it|kafˈfɛ|}}) and ''pèsca'' ("peach", {{IPA|it|ˈpɛska|}}), which have a grave accent.

===Javanese===
'''É''' is used in Javanese to represent {{IPAslink|e}}. It is distinct from {{IPAslink|ɛ}} (written ''è'') and plain ''e'' ({{IPAslink|ə}}).

===Kashubian===
É is the 8th letter of the [[Kashubian alphabet]] which represents {{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/ɨ/}} at the end of a word. It also represents {{IPA|[ɨj]}} in some dialects and represents {{IPA|[i]/[ɨ]}} in area between Puck and Kartuzy.

===Kurdish (?)===
É is a variant of E carrying an acute accent; it represents a stressed /e/ sound in Kurdish. It is mainly used to mark stress, especially when it is the final letter of a word. In Kurdish dictionaries, it may be used to distinguish between words with different meanings or pronunciations, as with péş ("face") and pes ("dust"), where stress and meaning differ.

===Luxembourgish===
{{Empty section|date=September 2021}}

===Navajo===
In the [[Navajo alphabet]] ''é'' represents the mid front short vowel ({{IPA|/e/}}) with high tone.

===Occitan===
{{Empty section|date=September 2021}}

===Polish===
In Polish, ''é'' was historically used for a vowel called ''e pochylone'' or ''e ścieśnione'', sounded as [e], [ɨ] or [i] depending on the dialect. Since 1891, ''é'' is no longer used in standard Polish and is replaced by the simple ''e''. It is, however, retained in editions of poetry where the rhyme suggests pronouncing it as ''i'' or ''y''.

===Portuguese===
In Portuguese, é is used to mark a stressed {{IPAslink|ɛ}} in words whose stressed syllable is in unpredictable within the word, as in {{lang|pt|péssimo}} (very bad). If the location of the stressed syllable is predictable, the acute accent is not used. É {{IPAslink|ɛ}} contrasts with ê {{IPAslink|e}}. {{Wikt-lang|pt|é|É}} ("is") is also the third-person singular present indicative of {{lang|pt|ser}} ("to be").

===Romagnol===
In [[Romagnol]] ''é'' is used to represent [eː], e.g. ''lédar'' [ˈleːdar] "thieves" (Ravennate-Forlivese).

===Russian===
In Russian, ''é'' is used in the [[BS 2979:1958]] system of [[Russian transliteration]] as the letter [[Э]].

===Scottish Gaelic===
É was once used in [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]], but has now been largely superseded by "è".{{cn|date=June 2018}} It can still be seen, but it is no longer used in the standard orthography.

===Spanish===
In Spanish, é is an accented letter and is pronounced just like "e" /e/. The accent indicates the stressed syllable in words with irregular stress, as in "éxtasis" or "bebé". See [[Diacritic]] and [[Acute accent]] for more details.

===Standard Chinese/Mandarin (pinyin)===
''É'' or ''é'' is used for {{IPAslink|ɤ}} with a [[Tonal language|rising tone]] ([ɤ̌]) in [[Pinyin]], a romanization system for [[Standard Chinese]]. ''É'' also means "Russia," being the pinyin form of [[:wiktionary:俄|俄]].

===Sundanese===
⟨É⟩ is used in [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] for the [[close-mid front unrounded vowel]] /e/ since 1975 with the publishing of ''Kamus Umum Basa Sunda'' (General Sundanese Dictionary), replacing the regular ⟨e⟩ used before to represent the vowel. ⟨E⟩ is now used for the [[mid central vowel]] /ə/, previously written as ⟨ê⟩.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardjadibrata|first=R. R.|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/146623|title=Sundanese: A Syntactical Analysis|publisher=Pacific Linguistics|year=1985|location=Canberra|pages=6|doi=10.15144/PL-D65|hdl=1885/146623|isbn=9780858833203}}</ref>

===Swedish===
In [[Swedish language|Swedish]], ⟨é⟩ is used to indicate that the letter ⟨e⟩ represents a long stressed vowel /eː/ in a position where a short /ɛ/ would otherwise be expected. For example:
* ''allé'' ("avenue") is pronounced [alˈleː] (not *[allɛ])
* ''idé'' ("idea") is pronounced [ɪˈdeː] (not *[i:dɛ])

===Tuareg Berber===

In [[Tuareg languages|Tuareg Berber]], spoken in southern [[Algeria]], southwestern [[Libya]], northern [[Mali]] and northern [[Niger]], ''é'' is one of the seven major vowels.

===Vietnamese===
In Vietnamese, the letter "é" indicates the rising tone. It can also be combined with "ê" to form "ế".

===Welsh===
In Welsh, word stress usually falls on the penultimate syllable, but one way of indicating stress on a final (short) vowel is through the use of the acute accent, often found on ''e'' in borrowed words: ''personél'' {{IPA|cy|pɛrsɔˈnɛl|}} "personnel", ''sigarét'' {{IPA|cy|sɪɡaˈrɛt|}} "cigarette", ''ymbarél'' {{IPA|cy|əmbaˈrɛl|}} "umbrella".

===Yoruba===
e with a Mí High with a rising tone, depicted by an acute accent.
The pronunciation of words in Yorùbá language is tonal; where a different pitch conveys a different word meaning or grammatical distinction.

This means that pronouncing words in Yorùbá is based on what is called Àmì ohùn – Tone Marks. These marks are applied to the top of the vowel within each syllable of a word or phrase.

There are three types of tone marks namely:

Dò Low with a falling tone, depicted by a grave accent
Re Mid with a flat tone, depicted by an absence of any accent
Mí High with a rising tone, depicted by an acute accent
Understanding the use of tone marks is key to properly reading, writing and speaking the Yorùbá language. This is because some words have similar spellings but at the addition of tone marks, these words could have very different meanings.

==Character mappings==

* {{unichar | 00C9}}
* {{unichar | 00E9 }}

==See also==
*[[Acute accent]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Latin script}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:E, acute}}
[[Category:Latin letters with diacritics]]
[[Category:Polish letters with diacritics]]

É - Revision history

imported>Gonnym: added basic infobox