imported>Zackmann08: /* top */ fixing unknown params

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{{Short description|Dutch States Army}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox noble
| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = The Earl of Albermarle
| image = Arnold Joost van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt.jpg
| image_size = 220
| caption = The Earl {{circa|1700}}
| spouse = Geertruid Johanna Quirina van der Duyn
| issue = {{ubl|[[Willem van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle]]|Sophia van Keppel}}
| issue-link = Arnold van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle#Family
| issue-pipe = Detail
| styles =
| titles =
| noble family =
| house-type =
| father = Oswald van Keppel
| mother = Anna Geertruid van Lintelo
| birth_name = Arnold Joost van Keppel
| birth_date = January 1670
| birth_place = [[Zutphen]], [[Dutch Republic]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1718|5|30|1670|1|30|df=y}}
| module = {{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| serviceyears = 1703–1718
| battles = {{Tree list}}
*[[Nine Years' War]]
*[[War of the Spanish Succession]]
** [[Capture of Liège (1702)|Capture of Liège]]
** [[Battle of Elixheim]]
** [[Battle of Ramillies]]
** [[Siege of Ostend (1706)|Siege of Ostend]]
** [[Battle of Oudenarde]]
** [[Siege of Lille (1708)|Siege of Lille]]
** [[Assault on Brussels (1708)#Crossing of the Scheldt|Crossing of the Scheldt]]
** [[Siege of Tournai (1709)|Siege of Tournai]]
** [[Battle of Malplaquet]]
** [[Siege of Aire]]
** [[Bombardment of Arras]]
** [[Battle of Denain]]
{{Tree list/end}}
| allegiance = [[Dutch Republic]]
}}
}}
'''Arnold Joost van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle''' (January 1670{{snd}}30 May 1718) was a [[Dutch States Army]] officer who fought for [[William III of England]] and became the first [[Earl of Albemarle]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=492}} He had a very close relationship with William and proved a capable cavalry commander. In the latter stages of the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] he sometimes assumed Dutch supreme command in absence of [[Claude Frédéric t'Serclaes, Count of Tilly]].

==Life==
Arnold Joost van Keppel was born in the De Voorst country house near [[Zutphen]] in the [[Dutch Republic]]. Born in 1670 and was the heir of a junior branch of an ancient and noble family in [[Gelderland]]; the son of Oswald van Keppel and his wife Anna Geertruid van Lintelo. De Voorst is a large country house near Zutphen, financed by William III, and not unlike the royal palace [[Het Loo]] in [[Apeldoorn]]. He achieved fame and wealth as the right-hand man of [[William III of England|William III of Orange]]. He became the page of honour to William III in his mid-teens, possibly as early as 1685.<ref>Fifty years of my life By George Thomas Keppel Albemarle (Earl of); p. 303.</ref><ref>Mrs. Keppel and Her Daughter By Diana Souham; p. 19.</ref> It has been claimed that he was William's lover, but no conclusive evidence has been discovered.{{sfn|Falkner|2014|p=85}} Keppel accompanied William to England in the [[Glorious Revolution|Glorious Revolution of 1688]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=492}}

While some have suggested their association began when Keppel was only 16, others argue a later date, possibly at the time of a hunting accident when he is said to have attracted the king's attention by his uncomplaining demeanour upon breaking a leg.<ref>Royal mistresses By Charles Carlton; p. 93.</ref><ref>The Anglo-Dutch favourite By David Onnekink: p. 229.</ref> Public commentary on the relationship intensified in 1692 when Keppel began to receive grants of land from the king.<ref>Perilous enlightenment By George Sebastian Rousseau; p. 24.</ref> He became [[Groom of the Bedchamber]] and [[Master of the Robes]] in 1695. In 1696, he was created the [[Viscount Bury]] in [[Lancashire]], and the [[Baron Ashford]] of [[Ashford, Kent]]. On 10 February 1697, William made Van Keppel the [[Earl of Albemarle]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=492}} In 1699, he was awarded the command of the First Life Guards.<ref name=jesse>Memoirs of the court of England from ... 1688 to the death of George the second By John Heneage Jesse; p. 235.</ref>

[[File:MACAULAY(1898) 6.395 - ARNOLD JOOST VAN KEPPEL, EARL OF ALBEMARLE K.G. (by Sir Godfrey Kneller).jpg|thumb|Arnold van Keppel in 1698]]

In 1700, William gave Albemarle extensive lands in Ireland, but [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] obliged the king to cancel this grant. William instead granted him [[Pound sterling|£]]50,000. The same year he was created a [[Order of the Garter|Knight of the Garter]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=492}} He served both with the English and Dutch troops, was a major-general in 1697, colonel of several regiments and governor of [['s-Hertogenbosch]].

Handsome and engaging, he rivalled [[Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland|Portland]] (whose jealousy he aroused in the royal favour), possessed William's full confidence, and accompanied him everywhere. In February 1702 William, then prostrated with his last illness, sent Albemarle to the Netherlands to arrange the coming campaign, and he only returned in time to receive William's last commissions on his deathbed,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=492–493}} including being entrusted with the king's private papers.<ref name=jesse/>

After the death of William III, who bequeathed to him [[Dutch guilder|ƒ]]200,000 and the lordship of [[Bredevoort]],<ref>Ada Peele, Een uitzonderlijke erfgenaam: De verdeling van de nalatenschap van Koning-Stadhouder Willem III en een consequentie daarvan: Pruisisch heerlijk gezag in Hooge en Lage Zwaluwe, 1702-1754 (Hilversum: Verloren, 2013), pp. 53–54.</ref> Albemarle returned to the Netherlands, took his seat as a noble in the [[Netherlands States-General|States-General]], and became a general of [[cavalry]] in the Dutch army. He joined the forces of the allies in 1703 in the [[War of Spanish Succession]], was present at the [[Battle of Ramillies]] in 1706, and at [[Battle of Oudenarde|Oudenaarde]] in 1708, and distinguished himself at the [[Siege of Lille (1708)|Siege of Lille]]. He commanded at the siege of [[Aire-sur-la-Lys|Aire]] in 1710, led [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|Marlborough]]'s second line in 1711, and was general of the Dutch forces in early 1712. As commander of the Dutch forces he successfully [[Bombardment of Arras|bombarded Arras]] and destroyed much of the French supplies there, but he was defeated at [[Battle of Denain|Denain]] after the withdrawal of [[James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde|Ormonde]] and the English forces and taken prisoner. He died on 30 May 1718, at the age of forty-eight.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=493}}

==Family==
[[Image:Keppel arms.svg|thumb|120px|Arms of the Earl of Albemarle (1697 creation) Arms of van Keppel]]
Albemarle married Geertruid Johanna Quirina van der Duyn,<ref name="KNG Dutch lion">{{cite web |title=De Nederlandsche Leeuw, jaargang 4 (1886) |url=https://www.knggw.nl/raadplegen/de-nederlandsche-leeuw/1886-4/40/ |website=Koninklijk Nederlandsch Genootschap voor Geslacht- en Wapenkunde |access-date=31 March 2023 |language=nl}}</ref> daughter of Major General [[Adam van der Duyn, heer van 's-Gravenmoer|Scravenmore]] (an anglicisation of [['s Gravenmoer]]) who served as an officer in the [[Danish Auxiliary Corps in the Williamite War in Ireland]].
* [[Willem van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle|William Anne]], who succeeded him as 2nd Earl of Albemarle. He married the granddaughter of [[Charles II of England]].
* Sophia (1716–1773), who married General John [[Thomas baronets#Thomas baronets, of Wenvoe (1694)|Thomas]] (son of Sir Edmond [[Sir John Thomas, 1st Baronet|Thomas, 2nd Bt.]]). They had at least two sons. The younger son, Colonel Charles Nassau Thomas, became Vice-Chamberlain to [[George IV]], when he was Prince of Wales and Prince Regent.<ref>The Correspondence of Horace Walpole by Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford; p. 131.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
'''Attribution:'''
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Albemarle, Earls and Dukes of|volume=1|pages=492–493}}
* [[Edmund Lodge]] ''The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage'', 1859. [https://books.google.com/books?id=JC0BAAAAQAAJ&q=Edmund+Lodge at Google Books]

==Sources==
* {{Cite book|last=Falkner|first=James|year=2014|title=Marlborough's War Machine, 1702–1711|publisher=
Pen & Sword Military|isbn=9781473842953}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{succession box | before=[[Richard Lumley, 1st Earl of Scarbrough|The Earl of Scarbrough]] | title=Captain and Colonel of<br />[[1st Troop of Horse Guards|His Majesty's Own Troop of Horse Guards]] | years=1699–1710 | after=[[Henry Bentinck, 1st Duke of Portland|The Earl of Portland]]}}
{{s-court}}
{{succession box | title=[[Master of the Robes]] | before=[[William Nassau de Zuylestein, 1st Earl of Rochford|William Nassau de Zuylestein]] | after=[[Cornelius Nassau]] | years=1695–1701}}
{{s-reg|en}}
{{s-new | creation}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Earl of Albemarle]] | years=1697–1718}}
{{s-aft | after=[[William Anne van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle|William van Keppel]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Albemarle, Arnold Van Keppel, 1st Earl Of}}
[[Category:1670 births]]
[[Category:1718 deaths]]
[[Category:British royal favourites]]
[[Category:British Life Guards officers]]
[[Category:Earls of Albemarle (1697 creation)|Arnold 1]]
[[Category:Garter Knights appointed by William III]]
[[Category:Pages of Honour]]
[[Category:Keppel family|Arnold Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle]]
[[Category:People from Zutphen|Keppel, Arnold van]]
[[Category:Dutch emigrants to England]]
[[Category:Dutch army commanders in the War of the Spanish Succession]]
[[Category:Dutch generals]]
[[Category:18th-century Dutch military personnel]]
[[Category:Dutch military personnel of the War of the Spanish Succession]]

Arnold van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle - Revision history

imported>Zackmann08: /* top */ fixing unknown params