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{{For|the town in Erie County, New York|Aurora, Erie County, New York}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Aurora, New York
|settlement_type = [[Administrative divisions of New York#Village|Village]]


|image_skyline = Aerial - Union Springs, NY on Cayuga Lake 01 - white balanced (9641417650).jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Aerial view of Aurora from south by southwest, 2013. The village is along the straight stretch of the [[Cayuga Lake]] shore just above lower right of photo.
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


||pushpin_map = New York#USA#North America
|pushpin_label = Aurora
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_caption = Location of Aurora within the state of New York


|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[New York (state)|New York]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New York|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Cayuga County, New York|Cayuga County]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Administrative divisions of New York#Town|Town]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Ledyard, New York|Ledyard]]
|established_title = Established
|established_date = 1795
|established_title1 = Incorporated (village)
|established_date1 = 1837


|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_total_km2 = 2.38
|area_land_km2 = 2.38
|area_water_km2 = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi = 0.92
|area_land_sq_mi = 0.92
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.00


|population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_total = 607
|population_density_km2 = 255.00
|population_density_sq_mi = 660.50


|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft = 411
|coordinates = {{coord|42|44|48|N|76|41|58|W|display=inline}}
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 13026
|area_code =
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 36-03188
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info =
|website = {{URL|auroranewyork.us}}
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_footnotes =
|population_est =
|area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
|population_footnotes =
}}

'''Aurora''', or '''Aurora-on-Cayuga''', is a [[Administrative divisions of New York#Village|village]] and former [[college town]] in the town of [[Ledyard, New York|Ledyard]], [[Cayuga County, New York|Cayuga County]], [[New York (state)|New York]], United States, on the shore of [[Cayuga Lake]]. The village had a population of 724 at the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]].<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US3603188| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212192247/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US3603188| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Aurora village, New York| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=November 14, 2014}}</ref>

[[Wells College]], an institution of higher education for women founded by [[Henry Wells]] in 1868, was located in Aurora. It became [[coeducational]] in 2005 and closed in 2024.

In 1980, its [[Aurora Village-Wells College Historic District]], with more than 50 [[contributing properties]], was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. From 2001 to 2007, controversial redevelopment of historic properties in the village by [[American Girl]] doll-creator [[Pleasant Rowland]] and the Aurora Foundation earned compliments, as well as provoking citizen concern, a lawsuit joined by state and national preservation organizations, and national media attention.

[[File:AuroraAerialView.png|thumb|Aerial view of Aurora]]

==History==
Indigenous peoples occupied the lakeshore and riverways in present-day New York for thousands of years. Prior to European-American settlement, a major [[Cayuga people|Cayuga]] Indian village, ''[[Chonodote]]'', stood near the present-day site of Aurora village. It had permanent dwellings and the people cultivated fields for their staple crops of varieties of corn, beans and squash. ''Chonodote'' was destroyed by the [[Sullivan Expedition]] in 1779 during the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]], when the Cayuga were allies of the [[United Kingdom|British]] army, in retaliation for raids by [[Joseph Brant]] and his Mohawk and Loyalist forces mostly in the eastern Mohawk Valley. Most of the Cayuga went with other Iroquois nations to Canada, where their descendants are enrolled in the Six Nations Reserve. Some members of the Cayuga tribe returned to the area after the war, but the tribe had been forced to cede its land to New York. They were left landless and shared space with the [[Seneca people|Seneca]] on their reservation that once included the north end of [[Cayuga Lake]].

Part of the village was within the [[Central New York Military Tract]]. The United States reserved this portion to pay off veterans with deeds to land after the Revolutionary War. The tract was part of the five million acres (20,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of lands which the [[Iroquois]] were forced to cede in the 1794 [[Treaty of Canandaigua]]. Many veterans from [[New England]] settled in the [[Finger Lakes]] area, as did some migrants from the Mohawk and Hudson valleys.

During the 19th century, Aurora developed as a minor center for manufacturing. A stopping point for [[canal]] traffic after the [[Cayuga–Seneca Canal]] opened, the village was incorporated in 1837. It became a port, shipping produce from farmers in the region up Cayuga Lake, then by the [[Erie Canal]] to other major markets. Academies and seminaries for basic education were established in 1800. Notable schools include Cayuga Lake Academy, which was founded in 1797 and chartered by the New York State Regents in 1801. Its second structure, built in 1835, remained until it was destroyed by fire on April 19, 1945.<ref>Hollcroft, Temple Rice, ''A Brief History of Aurora, NY''. Revised by the Aurora Committee for the American Bicentennial (W.E. Morrison & Co., Ovid, NY, 1976)</ref> Many prominent graduates attended the school, including President [[Millard Fillmore]],<ref>''The New York Times'', June 16, 1889, accessed February 2, 2008</ref> William Brookfield, the founder of the Bushwick Glass Works; and William E. Leffingwell (1855–1927), State Assemblyman and founder of the Glen Springs Sanitarium. In 1868 [[Henry Wells]] founded [[Wells College]] for the education of women.

With changes in transportation, development of the [[Midwest]], and other economic shifts, local agriculture declined in importance. The village is a local center with well-preserved buildings composing the [[Aurora Village–Wells College Historic District]], listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="Brad Edmondson, All Dolled Up">[http://www.aurorany.org/PresMag.html Brad Edmondson, "All Dolled Up"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225142734/http://www.aurorany.org/PresMag.html |date=February 25, 2012 }}, ''Preservation Magazine'', May/June 2002, reprinted by Aurora Coalition, Inc., accessed April 10, 2009</ref><ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2009a}}</ref> It has come to rely on Wells College as the major employer. During the school year, nearly half the population of the village is made up of students. Since the renovations in the town and the college's 2005 decision to enroll men and become co-educational, enrollment has increased. The student body, with enrollment of 567 in 2007, had increased by a third since a few years ago.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/07/nyregion/07doll.html?_r=2&ref=nyregion&oref=slogin Lisa W. Foderaro, "Doll's Village: Some See Restoration as Too Cutesy"], ''The New York Times'', December 7, 2007, accessed April 10, 2009</ref>

Also listed on the National Register of Historic Places are the [[Aurora Steam Grist Mill]] (1976) and [[Mosher Farmstead]] (2003).<ref name="nris"/>

In December 2005, the S.H.A.R.E. (Strengthening Haudenosaunee-American Relations through Education) Farm was signed over to the [[Cayuga Nation of New York]] by US citizens who had purchased and developed the {{convert|70|acre|m2|adj=on}} farm in Aurora, New York. This is the first substantial property which the Cayuga Nation has owned since after being forced to cede its lands after the Revolutionary War. Settlement here has meant their first chance to live within the borders of their ancestral homeland in more than 200 years.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=z40dq_0qLG0C&dq=%22Building+Bridges+Through+Public+Anthropology+in+the+Haudenosaunee+Homeland.%22&pg=PP6 Hansen, B. and J. Rossen. "Building Bridges Through Public Anthropology in the Haudenosaunee Homeland"], In ''Past Meets Present: Archaeologists with Museum Curators, Teachers, and Community Groups.'' Jameson, Jr., J and S. Baugher. 2007. Springer: New York</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Frances Folsom Cleveland]], First Lady of the United States and [[Wells College]] alumna
*[[Robert P. T. Coffin]], writer, poet and professor
*[[Victor Hammer]], painter, sculptor, printer, and typographer
*[[Edwin B. Morgan]], congressman, a founder of ''[[The New York Times]]''
*[[Lewis Henry Morgan]], pioneering anthropologist and social theorist
*[[Edwin V. Morgan]], [[List of United States Ambassadors to Brazil|United States Ambassador to Brazil]] 1912-1933
*[[Laura Nader]], anthropologist and Wells College alumna
*[[Thomas J. Preston, Jr.]], president pro tem of Wells College; he married the widow Frances Folsom Cleveland
*[[John Morgan Richards]], cigarette and patent medicine entrepreneur
*[[Pleasant Rowland]], founder of the "[[American Girl]]" series of historic dolls, books, clothing and toys; Wells College alumna
*[[Edward Searing]], Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction and educator
*[[Henry Wells]], founder of [[Wells College]], [[Wells Fargo]] and the [[American Express]] Company

==Changes and controversies since 2000==
[[File:AuroraInn680.jpg|thumb|right|The Aurora Inn]]

In 2000, the board of Wells College endorsed a master plan that proposed two new buildings, demolition of some existing modern buildings and moving some historic brick buildings. They also voted to close the historic [[Aurora Inn]] on Main Street and look for a private developer to redevelop and manage it. The college's proposed changes raised concerns, especially as some of the properties and master plan were within the historic district.<ref name="Brad Edmondson, All Dolled Up" />

In 2001, entrepreneur [[Pleasant Rowland]] together with Wells College founded the Aurora Foundation and teamed up to renovate the Aurora Inn. They acquired additional properties to renovate, including the [[E. B. Morgan House]]. In press accounts, Rowland expressed her vision of enhancing the historic character and attractiveness of the community, and of improving the local economy. Founder of the enormously successful "American Girl" dolls, she was a 1962 alumna of Wells College.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2007/LIVING/wayoflife/10/14/aurora.makeover.ap/index.html "No storybook ending after tycoon dolls up village"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208094217/http://www.cnn.com/2007/LIVING/wayoflife/10/14/aurora.makeover.ap/index.html |date=December 8, 2007 }}, CNN, October 14, 2007</ref>

Rowland's and the Aurora Foundation's projects have drawn some criticism and concern. Because the village is so small, its fate and governance are already intertwined with Wells College, which owns half the land in the village. Critics felt that the foundation was too quick to renovate some historic structures and did not follow necessary review procedures, including that required by the State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA).<ref name="Brad Edmondson, All Dolled Up" />

The critics founded the Aurora Coalition and brought suit to stop the renovation of the inn and demolition of a neighboring grocery. The [[National Trust for Historic Preservation]] and the [[Preservation League of New York]] joined the suit because of concerns that local government was not paying enough attention to state laws requiring thorough review of projects in historic districts.<ref name="Brad Edmondson, All Dolled Up" /> The controversy continued as the foundation and proposed renovation projects gained national attention. Because some affected buildings were listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], interested parties outside the community needed to review the renovations, which increased interest in the projects.<ref name="Brad Edmondson, All Dolled Up" /><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/18/nyregion/18AURO.html? "Big Change Is Bearing Down on Small Town"], ''New York Times'', Jun 2001</ref><ref>[http://chronicle.com/free/v48/i21/21a02301.htm ''Chronicle of Higher Education'']</ref>

Critics were concerned about Rowland's not being a native to the area, despite her time there while attending Wells College from 1958 to 1962. They complained that she had not been accessible for consultation with the community. There was an underlying concern that Rowland's wealth allowed her to impose a vision on the community.<ref>[http://www.aurorany.org/happyland.html ''Morning Edition''], National Public Radio {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712082037/http://www.aurorany.org/happyland.html |date=July 12, 2012 }}</ref>

The State Supreme Court ruled against the Aurora Coalition and allowed the renovation of the Aurora Inn to proceed. The Appeals Court allowed the lower court's decision to stand.<ref name="Brad Edmondson, All Dolled Up" />

Continuing economic problems in central New York and residents' differing ideas about the village kept the controversy alive. The issues served as inspiration for the satirical novel ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20120712082037/http://www.aurorany.org/happyland.html Happyland]'', by author [[J. Robert Lennon]]. It began running in serial form in ''[[Harper's Magazine]]'' in July 2006.<ref>[http://www.aurorany.org/Happyland.html Nancy Geyer, "There is no Happyland"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712082037/http://www.aurorany.org/happyland.html |date=July 12, 2012 }}, ''Ithaca Times'', August 2, 2006, accessed April 10, 2009</ref>

In May 2007, Rowland ended her association with Wells College and shut down the Aurora Foundation. Spokespeople said redevelopment of the village was substantially completed. Although Rowland put the local home decor firm [[MacKenzie-Childs]] up for sale, she also purchased an additional building in the village and set up a new limited liability corporation to operate her properties.<ref>[http://www.auburnpub.com/articles/2007/09/15/news/local_news/news04.txt Shane M. Liebler, "Rowland buys more of Aurora"], ''The Citizen'', Auburn.com, September 14, 2007, accessed April 10, 2009</ref>

In October 2013, Rowland took personal ownership of all the properties that she renovated for Wells College and purchased several other properties to the degree that she currently owns the entire village business district along with other commercial properties.

==Geography==
The village of Aurora is in the town of [[Ledyard, New York|Ledyard]] on the eastern shore of [[Cayuga Lake]], at {{coord|42|44|48|N|76|41|58|W|type:city|display=title}} (42.746782, -76.699442).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web| url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> [[Long Point State Park – Finger Lakes|Long Point State Park]] is south of the village.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the village has a total area of {{convert|2.38|km2|order=flip}}, all land.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

===Climate===

According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Aurora has a [[warm-summer humid continental climate]], abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Aurora was {{convert|101|F|C|1}} on July 17, 1988, while the coldest temperature recorded was {{convert|-21|F|C|1}} on January 22, 1982.<ref name=NOWData />

{{Weather box
|location = Aurora, New York, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1956–present
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 68
|Feb record high F = 75
|Mar record high F = 85
|Apr record high F = 93
|May record high F = 94
|Jun record high F = 96
|Jul record high F = 101
|Aug record high F = 97
|Sep record high F = 98
|Oct record high F = 87
|Nov record high F = 81
|Dec record high F = 69

|Jan avg record high F = 56.0
|Feb avg record high F = 54.3
|Mar avg record high F = 65.0
|Apr avg record high F = 78.6
|May avg record high F = 86.4
|Jun avg record high F = 90.0
|Jul avg record high F = 90.7
|Aug avg record high F = 89.7
|Sep avg record high F = 88.1
|Oct avg record high F = 78.6
|Nov avg record high F = 68.4
|Dec avg record high F = 57.3
|year avg record high F = 92.6

|Jan high F = 31.2
|Feb high F = 33.2
|Mar high F = 40.9
|Apr high F = 54.4
|May high F = 67.3
|Jun high F = 75.7
|Jul high F = 79.8
|Aug high F = 78.7
|Sep high F = 72.1
|Oct high F = 59.3
|Nov high F = 47.1
|Dec high F = 36.6
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 23.9
|Feb mean F = 25.3
|Mar mean F = 32.5
|Apr mean F = 44.7
|May mean F = 57.1
|Jun mean F = 66.1
|Jul mean F = 70.3
|Aug mean F = 68.8
|Sep mean F = 62.0
|Oct mean F = 50.7
|Nov mean F = 39.9
|Dec mean F = 30.3
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 16.6
|Feb low F = 17.4
|Mar low F = 24.1
|Apr low F = 35.0
|May low F = 46.9
|Jun low F = 56.5
|Jul low F = 60.8
|Aug low F = 58.9
|Sep low F = 51.9
|Oct low F = 42.1
|Nov low F = 32.6
|Dec low F = 23.9
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = -2.7
|Feb avg record low F = 0.3
|Mar avg record low F = 6.7
|Apr avg record low F = 22.6
|May avg record low F = 33.5
|Jun avg record low F = 43.8
|Jul avg record low F = 50.6
|Aug avg record low F = 48.6
|Sep avg record low F = 39.6
|Oct avg record low F = 30.3
|Nov avg record low F = 19.2
|Dec avg record low F = 7.6
|year avg record low F = -5.6

|Jan record low F = -21
|Feb record low F = -19
|Mar record low F = -11
|Apr record low F = 3
|May record low F = 24
|Jun record low F = 34
|Jul record low F = 43
|Aug record low F = 37
|Sep record low F = 27
|Oct record low F = 20
|Nov record low F = 0
|Dec record low F = -15

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 2.08
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.85
|Mar precipitation inch = 2.63
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.26
|May precipitation inch = 3.13
|Jun precipitation inch = 3.78
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.76
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.37
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.83
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.80
|Nov precipitation inch = 2.94
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.56
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 14.4
|Feb precipitation days = 11.3
|Mar precipitation days = 12.8
|Apr precipitation days = 13.9
|May precipitation days = 13.3
|Jun precipitation days = 13.0
|Jul precipitation days = 12.4
|Aug precipitation days = 11.2
|Sep precipitation days = 11.7
|Oct precipitation days = 15.3
|Nov precipitation days = 12.8
|Dec precipitation days = 13.7

|Jan snow inch = 15.0
|Feb snow inch = 12.7
|Mar snow inch = 11.8
|Apr snow inch = 2.1
|May snow inch = 0.1
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.2
|Nov snow inch = 3.8
|Dec snow inch = 10.5
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 8.3
|Feb snow days = 7.2
|Mar snow days = 5.1
|Apr snow days = 1.1
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.2
|Nov snow days = 2.1
|Dec snow days = 5.3

|Jan snow depth inch = 9.7
|Feb snow depth inch = 9.7
|Mar snow depth inch = 10.5
|Apr snow depth inch = 3.0
|May snow depth inch = 0.1
|Jun snow depth inch = 0.0
|Jul snow depth inch = 0.0
|Aug snow depth inch = 0.0
|Sep snow depth inch = 0.0
|Oct snow depth inch = 0.1
|Nov snow depth inch = 4.0
|Dec snow depth inch = 5.3
|year snow depth inch = 14.9

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00300331&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Aurora RSCH Farm, NY
|access-date = February 7, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=bgm
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Binghamton
|access-date = February 7, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1840= 500
|1850= 600
|1860= 459
|1870= 450
|1880= 444
|1890= 555
|1900= 499
|1910= 493
|1920= 416
|1930= 389
|1940= 372
|1950= 711
|1960= 834
|1970= 1072
|1980= 926
|1990= 687
|2000= 720
|2010= 724
|2020= 607
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015 }}</ref>
}}

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 720 people, 181 households, and 106 families residing in the village. The population density was {{convert|750.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 225 housing units at an average density of {{convert|234.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the village was 659 [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 13 [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 2 [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 22 [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 10 from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 14 from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 14 of the population.

There were 181 households, out of which 52 had children under the age of 18 living with them, 91 were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 13 had a female householder with no husband present, and 75 were non-families. 63 of all households were made up of individuals, and 33 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 13.2% under the age of 18, 46.1% from 18 to 24, 14.6% from 25 to 44, 15.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years.

The population was 62.3% female, and 37.7% male, due to the college which has mostly female students.

The median income for a household in the village was $57,222, and the median income for a family was $64,583. Males had a median income of $31,667 versus $32,250 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the village was $17,526. About 1.8% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 4.5% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://auroranewyork.us|Village of Aurora official website}}
* [http://www.greenerpasture.com/Places/Details/16 Aurora history, old newspaper articles, genealogy]

{{Cayuga County, New York}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Villages in Cayuga County, New York]]

Aurora, Cayuga County, New York - Revision history

imported>KhrabrosyerdtseShalfyey: deleted unnecessary comma