imported>Quetzal1964 at 17:47, 12 December 2024

2024-12-12T17:47:41Z

New page

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Barbe Tiergarten Schoenbrunn.jpg
| image_caption = ''Barbus barbus''
| image2 = Cyprinidae - Barbus plebejus.JPG
| image2_caption = ''Barbus plebejus''
| taxon = Barbus
| authority = Daudin, 1805<ref>Skelton, P. H., Swartz, E. R., & Vreven, E. J. (2018). The identity of ''Barbus capensis'' Smith, 1841 and the generic status of southern African tetraploid cyprinids (Teleostei, Cyprinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, (410). https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.410</ref><ref>Englmaier GK, Tesfaye G, Bogutskaya NG (2020) A new species of ''Enteromius'' (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae, Smiliogastrinae) from the Awash River, Ethiopia, and the re-establishment of ''E. akakianus''. ZooKeys 902: 107–150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.902.39606</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
| type_species = ''[[Cyprinus barbus]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]
| synonyms =
}}

'''''Barbus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[ray-finned fish]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Cyprinidae]]. The [[type species]] of ''Barbus'' is the [[common barbel]], first described as ''Cyprinus barbus'' and now named ''Barbus barbus''. ''Barbus'' is the namesake genus of the [[subfamily]] Barbinae, but given their relationships, that [[taxon]] is better included in the [[Cyprininae]] at least for the largest part (including the type species of ''Barbus'').

==Description and uses==
Their common names – '''[[Barb (fish)|barb]]s''' and '''[[barbel (fish species)|barbel]]s''' – refer to the fact that most members of the genera have a pair of [[barbel (anatomy)|barbel]]s on their mouths, which they can use to search for food at the bottom of the water.

Barbels are often [[fishing|fished]] for food; in some locations they are of commercial significance. The [[roe]] of barbels is poisonous, however. The large ''Barbus'' barbs are also often eaten in their native range.

The smaller barbs are in some cases traded as [[aquarium]] fish. Some are quite significant, but as a whole, the genus is not yet as well represented in aquaria as the [[Southeast Asia]]n ''[[Puntius]]''.<ref name=Lambert1997>Lambert, D.J. (1997): ''Freshwater Aquarium Fish''. Chartwell Books, Edison, New Jersey, USA. {{ISBN|0-7858-0867-1}}</ref>

==Systematics and taxonomy==
''Barbus'' has a long history as a "[[wastebasket taxon]]". Historically, most fish commonly known as "[[Barb (fish)|barbs]]" were usually placed here by default. More recently, many "barbs" have been reclassified into genera such as ''[[Arabibarbus]]'', ''[[Barbichthys]]'', ''[[Barbodes]]'', ''[[Barboides]]'', ''[[Barbonymus]]'', ''[[Barbopsis]]'', ''[[Caecobarbus]]'', ''[[Capoeta]]'', ''[[Carasobarbus]]'', ''[[Clypeobarbus]]'', ''[[Enteromius]]'', ''[[Hypselobarbus]]'', ''[[Hypsibarbus]]'', ''[[Labeobarbus]]'', ''[[Leptobarbus]]'', ''[[Luciobarbus]]'', ''[[Mesopotamichthys]]'', ''[[Poropuntius]]'', ''[[Probarbus]]'', ''[[Pseudobarbus]]'', ''[[Puntioplites]]'' and ''[[Puntius]]''.<ref name=Banister1973>Banister, K.E. (1973): A revision of the large ''Barbus'' (Pisces, Cyprinidae) of East and Central Africa. Studies on African Cyprinidae. Part II. ''Bulletin of the British Museum, 26 (1): 3–148.''</ref>

Thus, ''Barbus'' is for the time being restricted to typical barbels, and only contains fishes from [[Africa]] and [[Europe]], as well as adjacent [[Asia]]. However, the genus even in the reduced version is probably [[paraphyletic]], and many African species (particularly the small ones) do not seem to belong here, either. Eventually, ''Barbus'' is likely to be restricted to the group around ''B. barbus'' – the large European to [[Ponto-Caspian]] species commonly known as "barbels". ''[[Luciobarbus]]'' and particularly ''[[Messinobarbus]]'' are highly similar and might better be included in ''Barbus'' again. They all seem to be close relatives – perhaps the closest living relatives – of ''Aulopyge huegelii''. ''[[Carasobarbus]]'' and ''[[Labeobarbus]]'' are probably closely related to this group, too, and some large [[hexaploid]] barbs (e.g. ''[[Labeobarbus reinii|L. reinii]]'') may well belong in ''Labeobarbus''.{{cn|date=December 2023}}

The small barbs from Africa, by contrast, are quite distinct. They might even warrant establishment of a new [[subfamily]] – in particular if the [[Labeoninae]] are not included in the Cyprininae –, as they seem to be as distinct from barbels and [[Cyprinus|typical carps]], as these are from the [[garra]]s (which are part of the disputed Labeoninae), rendering the old "Barbinae" [[paraphyletic]]. Within the small African barbs, several lineages can be recognized. These are mostly [[diploid]]; a [[tetraploid]] group largely restricted to southern Africa is very close to ''[[Pseudobarbus]]'' and might even be included therein. In particular, the group called "redfins" may well be [[monophyletic]] and belong in ''Pseudobarbus'' entirely, instead of being split between ''Pseudobarbus'' and ''Barbus''.{{cn|date=December 2023}}

==Species==
These are the currently recognized species of this genus:<ref name = CofF>{{Cof genus|genus=Barbus|access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* ''[[Barbus anatolicus]]'' [[Davut Turan|Turan]], [[Cüneyt Kaya|Kaya]], [[Matthias Geiger|Geiger]] & [[Jörg Freyhof|Freyhof]], 2018
* ''[[Barbus balcanicus]]'' [[Petr Kotlík|Kotlík]], [[Constantinos S. Tsigenopoulos|Tsigenopoulos]], [[Petr Ráb|Ráb]] & [[Patrick Berrebi|Berrebi]], 2002 (Danube barbel)
* ''[[Barbus barbus]]'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) (Common barbel)
* ''[[Barbus bergi]]'' [[Georgi Chichkoff|Chichkoff]], 1935 (Bulgarian barbel)
* ''[[Barbus biharicus]]'' [[László Antal (biologist)|Antal]], [[Brigitta László|László]] & Kotlík, 2016 (Biharian barbel)
* ''[[Barbus borysthenicus]]'' [[Benedykt Dybowski|Dybowski]], 1862
* ''[[Barbus caninus]]'' [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1839 (brook barbel)
* ''[[Barbus carpathicus]]'' Kotlík, Tsigenopoulos, Ráb & Berrebi, 2002 (Carpathian barbel)
* ''[[Barbus ciscaucasicus]]'' [[Karl Fedorovich Kessler|Kessler]], 1877 (Terek barbel)
* ''[[Barbus cyclolepis]]'' [[Johann Jakob Heckel|Heckel]], 1837
* ''[[Barbus cyri]]'' [[Filippo De Filippi|De Filippi]], 1865 (Kura barbel)
* ''[[Barbus ercisianus]]'' [[Stanko Karaman|Karaman]], 1971
* ''[[Barbus escherichii]]'' [[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1897 (Ankara barbel)
* ''[[Barbus euboicus]]'' [[Alexander I. Stephanidis|Stephanidis]], 1950 (Evia barbel)
* ''[[Barbus fucini]]'' Costa, 1853
* ''[[Barbus haasi]]'' [[Robert Mertens|Mertens]], 1925 (Catalonian barbel)
* ''[[Barbus ida]]'' [[Salim Serkan Güçlü|Güçlü]], [[Gökhan Kalaycı|Kalayci]], [[Müfit Özuluğ|Özuluğ]], [[Fahrettin Küçük|Küçük]] & Turan, 2021
* ''[[Barbus karunensis]]'' Khaefi, Esmaeili, Geiger & Eagderi, 2017 (Karun barbel)
* ''[[Barbus kubanicus]]'' [[Lev Berg|L. S. Berg]], 1913 (Kuban barbel)
* ''[[Barbus lacerta]]'' Heckel, 1843 (lizard barbel)
* ''[[Barbus macedonicus]]'' Karaman, 1928
* ''[[Barbus meridionalis]]'' [[Antoine Risso|A. Risso]], 1827 (Mediterranean barbel)
* ''[[Barbus miliaris]]'' [[Filippo De Filippi|De Filippi]], 1863
* ''[[Barbus niluferensis]]'' Turan, [[Maurice Kottelat|Kottelat]] & [[Fitnat Güler Atalay-Ekmekçi|Ekmekçi]], 2009 (Simav barbel)
* ''[[Barbus oligolepis]]'' [[Fahire Battalgil|Battalgil]], 1941 (Marmara barbel)
* ''[[Barbus oscensis]]'' [[Giovanni Rossi (ichthyologist)|Rossi]] & [[Frederico Plazzi|Plazzi]], 2023.
* ''[[Barbus peloponnesius]]'' [[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1842
* ''[[Barbus pergamonensis]]'' M. S. Karaman, 1971 (Anatolian barbel)
* ''[[Barbus petenyi]]'' Heckel, 1852 (Romanian barbel)
* ''[[Barbus plebejus]]'' Bonaparte, 1839 (Italian barbel)
* ''[[Barbus prespensis]]'' Karaman, 1924
* ''[[Barbus rebeli]]'' [[Otto Koller|Koller]], 1926 (Western Balkan barbel)
* ''[[Barbus rionicus]]'' [[Sergei Nikolaevich Kamensky|Kamensky]], 1899
* ''[[Barbus samniticus]]'' [[Massimo Lorenzoni|Lorenzoni]], [[Antonella Carosi|Carosi]], [[Silvia Quadroni|Quadroni]], [[Vanessa De Santis|De Santis]], [[Isabella Vanetti|Vanetti]], [[Giovanni B. Delmastro|Delmastro]] & [[Serena Zaccara|Zaccara]], 2021
* ''[[Barbus sperchiensis]]'' Stephanidis, 1950 (Sperchios barbel)
* ''[[Barbus strumicae]]'' Karaman, 1955 (Strumica barbel)
* ''[[Barbus tauricus]]'' Kessler, 1877 (Crimean barbel)
* ''[[Barbus thessalus]]'' Stephanidis, 1971 (Thessalian barbel)
* ''[[Barbus tyberinus]]'' Bonaparte, 1839 (Horse barbel)
* ''[[Barbus waleckii]]'' [[Halina Rolik|Rolik]], 1970 (Vistula barbel)
* ''[[Barbus xanthos]]'' Güçlü, Kalayci, Küçük & Turan, 2020{{div col end}}

=== Fossil species ===
A fossil species (''[[Barbus megacephalus]]'' Günther, 1876) is known from the [[Paleogene]] [[Sipang Fauna]] of [[Indonesia]].,<ref name="British Catalogue">{{cite book | author = Woodward, A.S. | year = 1901 | title = Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History) | publisher = order of the Trustees | page = [https://archive.org/details/catalogueoffossiwood_2/page/302 302] | url = https://archive.org/details/catalogueoffossiwood_2| quote = barbus megacephalus. }}</ref> but it probably should be placed in another genus.

==See also==
* [[Danionin]]s

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q133326}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Barbus| ]]
[[Category:Barbinae]]
[[Category:Cyprinidae genera]]

Barbus - Revision history

imported>Quetzal1964 at 17:47, 12 December 2024