https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=BrigantineBrigantine - Revision history2026-08-03T21:35:13ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.44.2https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Brigantine&diff=129966&oldid=previmported>Chalkcs: Removed false claim that SS Columbia was a schooner. Schooners are defined by fore-and-aft rigging on all of its masts, and Columbia's foremast was square-rigged2025-09-23T01:51:45Z<p>Removed false claim that SS Columbia was a schooner. Schooners are defined by fore-and-aft rigging on all of its masts, and Columbia's foremast was square-rigged</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Two-masted sailing vessel}}<br />
{{Distinguish|Brig}}<br />
{{About|the sailing vessel category|the adjective Brigantine|House of Braganza|the city|Brigantine, New Jersey|the kind of medieval armor|Brigandine}}<br />
{{Infobox weapon<br />
|is_vehicle=yes<br />
|type=Sailing rig<br />
|origin=Atlantic maritime nations<br />
| name = Brigantine<br />
| image = Brigantine copperEtch.png<br />
| image_size =<br />
| caption = Brigantine ''Experiment'' of Newburyport, 114 tons, built at Amesbury in 1803<br />
| length =<br />
| weight =<br />
| speed =<br />
| crew =<br />
}}<br />
A '''brigantine''' is a two-masted sailing vessel with a fully [[square-rig]]ged foremast and at least two sails on the main mast: a square [[topsail]] and a [[Gaff rig|gaff sail]] mainsail (behind the mast).<ref name="oktett.net">{{Cite web |url=http://sailing-ships.oktett.net/brigantine.html |title=Brigantine (Archived copy) |year=2000 |first=Fredrik |last= Sandström |access-date=2013-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209121341/http://sailing-ships.oktett.net/brigantine.html |archive-date=2014-02-09 |url-status = dead}}</ref> The main mast is the second and taller of the two masts.<br />
<br />
Older usages are looser; in addition to the rigorous definition above (attested from 1695), the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' includes two {{Circa|1525}} definitions: "a small vessel equipped both for sailing and rowing, swifter and more easily manœuvred than larger ships" and "(loosely) various kinds of foreign sailing and rowing vessels, as the [[galleon]], galliot, etc."<ref>{{Cite OED|brigantine|id=23300}}</ref><br />
<br />
Modern American definitions include vessels without any square sail(s) on the main mast.<br />
<br />
==Mediterranean brigantines==<br />
In the [[Mediterranean Basin]] during the 13th century, a brigantine referred to a sail- and oar-driven war vessel.<ref name=Haalmeijer2006>{{cite book |last1= Haalmeijer |first1=Hans |title=Aken, tjalken en kraken: zeilschepen van de Lage Landen : de binnenvaart. |trans-title=Barges and others: sailing ships of the Low Countries: inland navigation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=szDVygAACAAJ|year=2006|publisher=De Alk |language=nl |isbn=978-90-6013-274-6}}</ref> It was [[lateen|lateen rigged]] on two masts and had between eight and twelve oars on each side. Its speed, maneuverability, and ease of handling made it a favourite of Mediterranean pirates. Its name is derived from the Italian word ''{{lang|it|[[wikt:brigantino|brigantino]]}}'', which in turn is derived from ''{{lang|it|[[wikt:brigante|brigante]]}}''<ref>{{cite web |language=it |url=http://www.etimo.it/?term=brigantino |title='Brigantino' |work=Dizionario Etimologico Online |access-date=February 8, 2019}}</ref> "[[brigandage|brigand]]". Other than in names, this vessel has no relation to the later brigantines developed in [[Northern Europe]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}<br />
<br />
==17th century and onwards==<br />
[[File:Brigantine.png|thumb|sup|A brigantine [[Sail-plan|sail plan]] ]]<br />
By the 17th century, the term was adopted by Atlantic maritime nations. The vessel had no lateen sails, but was instead [[square rig|square-rigged]] on the foremast and had a gaff-rigged mainsail with square rig above it on the mainmast.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Kemp |year=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780192115539 |location=Oxford |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00kemp }}</ref> The mainmast of a brigantine is the aft one.<br />
<br />
By the first half of the 18th century, the word had evolved to refer not to a kind of vessel, but rather to a particular type of rigging: two-masted, with her foremast fully square-rigged and her mainmast rigged with both a [[Fore-and-aft rig|fore-and-aft]] mainsail (a [[Gaff rig|gaff sail]]) and square [[topsail]]s and possibly [[Topgallant sail|topgallant]] sails.<ref name="oktett.net"/><br />
<br />
The brigantine was the second-most popular rig for ships built in the British colonies in North America before 1775, after the [[sloop]].<ref name=Gaspee>{{cite web |url=http://www.gaspee.info/history/shipsdescribed/brigentineDescribed.htm|title=Brigentines Described|website=www.gaspee.info|access-date=19 March 2018}}</ref> The brigantine was swifter and more easily maneuvered than a sloop or schooner, hence was employed for piracy, espionage, and reconnoitering, and as an outlying attendant upon large ships for protecting a ship, or for supply or landing purposes in a fleet.<br />
<br />
The brigantine could be of various sizes, ranging from 30 to 150 tons burden.<ref name=Gaspee /> The brigantine was generally larger than a [[sloop]] or [[schooner]], but smaller than a [[brig]].<ref name=Haalmeijer2006 /><br />
<br />
==Modern terminology==<br />
[[File:HermaphroditeBrig.png|thumb|right|A modern brigantine [[Sail-plan|sail plan]] or "hermaphrodite brig"]]<br />
[[File:SS Columbia Full Sail.jpg|thumb|right|The [[steamship]] ''[[SS Columbia (1880)|Columbia]]'', an example of a late 19th-century brig-rigged vessel]]<br />
<br />
The definition given above describes the international usage of the term brigantine. In modern American terminology, the term brigantine usually means a vessel with the foremast square rigged and the mainmast [[Fore-and-aft rig|fore-and-aft rigged]], without any square sails. Historically, this rig used was called a "schooner brig" or "hermaphrodite brig".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://universalium.academic.ru/85396/brigantine |title=brigantine |website=Universalium Academic |access-date=19 March 2018}}</ref> In Europe, the distinction is typically still made. The training ship [[Zebu (ship)|''Zebu'']], which circumnavigated the Earth as part of Operation Raleigh, is an example of a schooner brig.<br />
<br />
== Differences from brig ==<br />
The word brig is an 18th-century shortening of the word brigantine, but to mean a different type of rigging. The gaff-rigged mainsail on a brigantine distinguishes it from the brig, which is principally square-rigged on both masts. In addition to the different sail configuration, the brigantine's mainmast is made from two parts and equal to that of a schooner, a quite long mast and a top mast. The mainmast of a brig is made from three parts and equal to that of a fully rigged ship - a mast, topmast, and topgallant mast. With the advent of modern (metal) pole masts, this last difference typically no longer exists.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Snow (ship)]]<br />
*[[Brig (ship)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
{{Wiktionary}}<br />
* [http://www.navegar-es-preciso.com/news/el-bergantin-goleta-jaime-soberano-segundo/ El bergantín goleta "Jaime Soberano segundo"] {{in lang|es}}<br />
<br />
{{Sailing Vessels and Rigs}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Brigantines| ]]<br />
[[Category:Sailing rigs and rigging]]<br />
[[Category:Sailing ship types]]<br />
[[Category:Sailing ships]]<br />
[[Category:Ship types]]<br />
[[Category:Pirate ships]]<br />
[[Category:Tall ships]]</div>imported>Chalkcs