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2024-04-28T11:58:56Z

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{{Short description|Class of British electric rail cars}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox train
| background = darkgreen
| name = Southern Railway 2-HAL<br>British Rail Class 402
| image = 2-HAL.jpg
| imagealt =
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = Southern Railway publicity photograph 1938
| interiorimage =
| interiorimagealt =
| interiorcaption =
| service = 1939–1971
| manufacturer = [[Eastleigh railway works|Eastleigh Works]], frames from [[Lancing Carriage Works|Lancing]]
| factory =
| family =
| replaced = Steam locomotives and carriages

| yearconstruction = 1938–1939, 1948, 1955
| yearservice =
| refurbishment =
| yearscrapped =
| numberconstruction=
| numberbuilt = 100
| numberservice =
| numberpreserved =
| numberscrapped = All
| formation = {{abbr|DMBT|Driving Motor Brake Third}}-{{abbr|DTC|Driving Trailer Composite}}
| fleetnumbers =
| capacity = 32 first class (later 24),<br>102 third class
| operator = [[Southern Railway (UK)|Southern Railway]] and <br /> [[British Rail]]ways
| depots =
| lines =
| carbody =
| trainlength = {{convert|129|ft|6|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| carlength = {{convert|62|ft|6|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|9|ft|2|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| height =
| floorheight =
| platformheight =
| entrylevelorstep =
| art-sections =
| doors =
| maxspeed = {{convert|75|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|76|LT|t ST}}
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| traction motors = Two
| engine =
| poweroutput = 2 x {{convert|275|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}<br>total = {{convert|550|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}
| transmission =
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = 750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[Third rail]]
| collectionmethod = [[Contact shoe]]
| uicclass = Bo′2′+2′2′
| aarwheels =
| bogies =
| brakes = [[Railway air brake|Electro-pneumatic Air]]
| safety =
| coupling = [[Buffers and chain coupler|Screw-link]]
| multipleworking =
| gauge = {{Track gauge|ussg|allk=on}}
}}
The [[Southern Railway (UK)|Southern Railway]] (SR) gave the designation '''2-HAL''' to the [[electric multiple-unit]] passenger trains built during the late 1930s to work long-distance semi-fast services on the newly electrified lines from London Victoria to Maidstone and Gillingham (Kent). This type of unit survived long enough in [[British Rail]] ownership to be allocated [[TOPS]] '''Class 402'''.

==Construction==
A development of the earlier '''[[British Rail Class 401|2-BIL]]''' units, the '''2-HAL''' units ('''2'''-car '''Ha'''lf '''L'''avatory stock) were so-called because only one car in each unit had a lavatory. They were built in three batches:
{| class=wikitable
!Units
!Built
!Intended Use
|-
|2601–2677
|1938
|London Victoria to Maidstone and Gillingham
|-
|2677–2692
|1939
|London Waterloo to Aldershot and Reading
|-
|2693–2699
|1948
|Post-World War II additional units
|-
|2700
|1955
|Accident replacement unit
|}

The handful of post-war units were of completely different appearance, of all-steel construction, and looked very like the standard 4-SUB units being built at the same time, with flat ends, whereas the main 2-HAL units had the domed end appearance of the first 10 prototype "Queen Mary" 4-SUB units.

In the early 1960s the Eastern Division was fully changed over to EP-braked electric stock, and the 2-HAL units operating from Victoria to Maidstone/Gillingham etc. were removed to the Central and Western Divisions, being replaced by the large new build of 2-HAP units. The units then remained in service on these divisions until replaced at the end of their life by new 4-VEP units.

==Formations==
The original formations of these units are set out in the table below:
{| class=wikitable
!Unit Numbers
!{{abbr|DMBT|Driving Motor Brake Third}}
!{{abbr|DTC|Driving Trailer Composite}}
|-
|2601–2646
|10719 to 10764
|12186 to 12231
|-
|2647–2699
|10765 to 10817
|12801 to 12853
|-
|2700
|12664 (ex [[British Rail Class 405|4-SUB]] 4590)
|12855 (new build)
|}

==Departmental service==
===De-icing units===
In 1967, three units were converted for de-icing the 3rd rail and were renumbered 001 - 003. These units operated from depots at [[Eastleigh Works|Eastleigh]] and [[Bournemouth Traction and Rolling Stock Maintenance Depot|Bournemouth]].<ref name=Locoshed79>{{cite book |last= |first= |title=British Rail 1979 Locoshed book |publisher= Ian Allan |location= London |year= 1979 |page= 76 |isbn= 0-7110-0931-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= |first= |title= Motive Power Combined Volume |publisher= Ian Allan |location= London |year= 1981 |pages= 157–158 |isbn= 0-7110-1127-3}}</ref>

===Stores units===
In 1970, two units were converted for use transporting stores between depots. Renumbered 022 and 023 these units linked Eastleigh Works and other depots on the Southern Region and followed a set route on a weekly schedule. Unit 022 was allocated to Slade Green and served [[Stewarts Lane]], [[Hither Green TMD|Hither Green]], [[Ashford railway works|Ashford]], [[Ramsgate EMUD|Ramsgate]] and [[Slade Green Depot|Slade Green]] while Unit 023 was allocated to Brighton and served [[Wimbledon Traincare Depot|Wimbledon]], [[Selhurst Train and Rolling Stock Maintenance Depot|Selhurst]], [[New Cross Gate TMD|New Cross Gate]], [[Brighton Lovers Walk Traction and Rolling Stock Maintenance Depot|Brighton]] and [[Fratton Traincare Depot|Fratton]].<ref>{{cite book |last= |first= |title= Motive Power Combined Volume |publisher= Ian Allan |location= London |year= 1981 |page= 158 |isbn= 0-7110-1127-3}}</ref>{{sfn|Rayner|Hogie|1981|p=27}}<Ref name=Locoshed79 />

===2-PAN===
In 1971, six units were converted for use conveying parcels and newspaper traffic. They were renumbered 061-066 and designated '''2-PAN''' ('''2'''-car '''P'''arcels '''a'''nd '''N'''ewspapers stock), reusing the PAN code originally allocated to [[SR Class 6Pul|6-PAN]] (Pantry) stock. Their life was not extended by long; within two years, all had been withdrawn.

==Withdrawal==
After withdrawal in 1971, various '''2-HAL''' units in company with [[British Rail Class 401|2-BIL]] units were noted at Stratford in east London destined for scrapping by Kings of Norwich, or being hauled west for scrapping in the Newport area.<ref>{{cite magazine| author = | title = Motive power miscellany| magazine = Railway World| location = Shepperton| publisher = Ian Allan| publication-date = November 1971| volume = 32| issue = 378| page = 508}}</ref>

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{cite book |last1= Rayner |first1= B W |last2= Hogie |first2= J D |title= Southern Region unusual train services 1981-82 |publisher= Southern Electric Group |location= Purley |year= 1981 |isbn= }}
*{{Marsden-SouthernEMU1|pages=59–61}}

{{British Rail EMU}}

[[Category:Southern Railway (UK) electric multiple units|2HAL]]
[[Category:British Rail electric multiple units|402]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1939]]
[[Category:750 V DC multiple units]]

British Rail Class 402 - Revision history

imported>Alarics: /* top */ clarification