imported>Choess: redo species list to accommodate recircumscription

2025-10-26T20:03:35Z

redo species list to accommodate recircumscription

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{{Short description|Genus of ferns}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Cheilanthes parryi 1.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Cheilanthes parryi]]''
| taxon = Cheilanthes
| authority = [[Olof Swartz|Sw.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?13099 |title=Genus: ''Cheilanthes'' Sw. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2007-10-05 |access-date=2011-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923224204/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?13099 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| type_species = ''[[Cheilanthes micropteris]]''
| type_species_authority = Sw.
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms =
* ''Neurosoria'' Mett. ex Kuhn<ref name=CFLW_Ch/>
}}

'''''Cheilanthes''''', commonly known as '''lip ferns''',<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=17432 |taxon=''Cheilanthes'' |accessdate=2011-10-23}}</ref> is a genus of about 180 species of rock-dwelling [[fern]]s with a [[cosmopolitan distribution]] in warm, dry, rocky regions, often growing in small crevices high up on cliffs. Most are small, sturdy and evergreen. The leaves, often densely covered in [[trichome]]s, spring directly from the rootstocks. Many of them are desert ferns, curling up during dry times and reviving with the coming of moisture. At the ends of veins [[Sporangium|sporangia]], or spore-bearing structures, are protected by leaf margins, which curl over them.

==Taxonomy==
The genus name is derived from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] words χεῖλος (''cheilos''), meaning "lip," and ἄνθος (''anthos''), meaning "flower."<ref>{{cite book |last=Swartz |first=Olof |authorlink=Olof Swartz |title=Synopsis Filicum |lang=la |publisher=Impensis Bibliopolii Novi Academici |location=Kiel |year=1806 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44503025 |page=126}}</ref><ref name="Moran">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zy1hcSGaaDAC |title=A Natural History of Ferns |first=Robbin Craig |last=Moran |publisher=Timber Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-88192-667-5 |page=94}}</ref> This refers to the lip-like false [[indusium|indusia]] which curl over the sporangia, and has given the common name of "lip fern" to members of the genus.<ref>{{cite book |last=Clute |first=Willard Nelson |title=Our Ferns in their Haunts |year=1901 |publisher=Frederick A. Stokes Co. |location=New York |page=242}}</ref>

''Cheilanthes'' as traditionally [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscribed]] is now known to be highly paraphyletic, comprising at least four generically separate groups. The type species, ''[[Cheilanthes micropteris|C. micropteris]]'', is most closely allied to the genera ''[[Aleuritopteris]]'' and ''[[Sinopteris]]'' (Schuettpelz ''et al.''). In the early 21st century, many species, principally from the New World, were moved into the new genus ''[[Gaga (plant)|Gaga]]'' and the revived genus ''[[Myriopteris]]''. Further work remains to be done to render ''Cheilanthes'' monophyletic. Members of many other [[cheilanthoid]] genera have at times been given names in the genus.

==Species==
The most recent revision of the genus found that 47 species fall into a weakly-supported clade including the type species of ''Cheilanthes'', in which they have generally been placed. However, this clade does not have strong morphological support, and several morphologically distinctive small genera were segregated from it. The remaining species, ''Cheilanthes'' s.s. are united by the presence of 32, rather than 64, spores per sporangium in sexual taxa.

{{As of|2025|October}}, the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' lists 31 species in this clade:<ref name=CFLW_Ch/>
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
*''[[Cheilanthes adiantoides]]'' T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant
*''[[Cheilanthes arequipensis]]'' (Maxon) R.M.Tryon & A.F.Tryon
*''[[Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia]]'' H.M.Quirk & T.C.Chambers
*''[[Cheilanthes brownii]]'' (Desv.) Domin
*''[[Cheilanthes caudata]]'' R.Br.
*''[[Cheilanthes contigua]]'' Baker
*''[[Cheilanthes distans]]'' (R.Br.) Mett.
*''[[Cheilanthes ecuadorensis]]'' Windham & K.Sosa
*''[[Cheilanthes fractifera]]'' Tryon
*''[[Cheilanthes fragillima]]'' F.Muell.
*''[[Cheilanthes hieronymi]]'' Herter
*''[[Cheilanthes incarum]]'' Maxon
*''[[Cheilanthes juergensii]]'' Rosenst.
*''[[Cheilanthes laciniata]]'' Sodiro
*''[[Cheilanthes lasiophylla]]'' Pic. Serm.
*''[[Cheilanthes leonardii]]'' Maxon
*''[[Cheilanthes lonchophylla]]'' (R.M.Tryon) R.M.Tryon & A.F.Tryon
*''[[Cheilanthes micropteris]]'' Sw.
*''[[Cheilanthes nitida]]'' (R.Br.) P.S.Green
*''[[Cheilanthes nudiuscula]]'' (R.Br.) T.Moore
*''[[Cheilanthes obducta]]'' Mett.
*''[[Cheilanthes pantanalensis]]'' E.L.M.Assis, Ponce & Labiak
*''[[Cheilanthes peruviana]]'' (Desv.) Moore
*''[[Cheilanthes praetermissa]]'' D.L.Jones
*''[[Cheilanthes prenticei]]'' Luerss.
*''[[Cheilanthes pumilio]]'' (R.Br.) F.Muell.
*''[[Cheilanthes qiaojiaensis]]'' Z.R.He & W.M.Chu 
*''[[Cheilanthes sarmientoi]]'' Ponce
*''[[Cheilanthes scariosa]]'' (Sw.) C.Presl
*''[[Cheilanthes sieberi]]'' Kunze
*''[[Cheilanthes squamosa]]'' Gill. ex Hook. & Grev.
*''[[Cheilanthes tenuifolia]]'' (Burm.f.) Sw.
{{Div col end}}

There are several other species which [[Molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetic]] studies suggest do not form a [[clade]] with the core ''Cheilanthes'' species, falling into separate clades, but for which no placement outside ''Cheilanthes'' was available {{As of|2025|October|lc=yes}}:{{refn|name=note1|Based on searching for all ''Cheilanthes'' species and removing those found by searching for "''Cheilanthes'' Sw." in the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World''.<ref name=CFLW_Ch/>}}

{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
*''[[Cheilanthes angustifrondosa]]'' Alston
*''[[Cheilanthes boivinii]]'' Mett. ex Kuhn
*''[[Cheilanthes bonapartei]]'' J.P.Roux
*''[[Cheilanthes bolborrhiza]]'' Mickel & Beitel
*''[[Cheilanthes leucopoda]]'' Link
*''[[Cheilanthes perlanata]]'' (Pic. Serm.) Kornas
{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=CFLW_Ch>{{cite WF |taxon=Cheilanthes |access-date=October 26, 2025}}</ref>
}}
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Cheilanthes&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Cheilanthes'']
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=106570 Flora of North America: ''Cheilanthes'']
*[http://www.chilebosque.cl/gfer/cglau.html ''Cheilanthes glauca'' pictures from ''Chilebosque''.]
*"[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9048434 lip fern]." Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 30 Nov 2007.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2628740}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cheilanthes| ]]
[[Category:Fern genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Olof Swartz]]

Cheilanthes - Revision history

imported>Choess: redo species list to accommodate recircumscription