49.237.169.121: Fixed population mismatch between introduction and framed info

2025-08-19T05:52:25Z

Fixed population mismatch between introduction and framed info

New page

{{Short description|City in Thailand}}
{{Distinguish|Chiang Mai}}
{{about|the city|the province|Chiang Rai Province}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Chiang Rai
| official_name = Chiang Rai Municipality {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|th|เทศบาลนครเชียงราย}}}}}} {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{Script|Lana|ᩅ᩠ᨿᨦᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ}}}}}}
| native_name = {{lang|th|เชียงราย}}
| other_name = {{Script|Lana|ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ}}
| settlement_type = [[List of municipalities in Thailand|City Municipality]]
| image_skyline = หอนาฬิกาเชียงราย_Chiang_Rai_Clock_Tower.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_caption = Chiang Rai Clock Tower
| image_flag = Chiang Rai Flag.png
| flag_size =
| image_seal = Seal of Chiang Rai.png
| seal_size = 100
| image_shield =
| shield_size =
| image_blank_emblem =
| blank_emblem_type =
| blank_emblem_size =
| nickname =
| motto = 
| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|zoom=12|type=point|title=Chiang Rai}}
| mapsize =
| map_caption =
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map = #Thailand#Southeast Asia
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Thailand]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19|54|34|N|99|49|39|E|region:TH|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Thailand}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Thailand|Province]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Amphoe|District]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:Flag of Chiang Rai.svg|25px]] [[Chiang Rai Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mueang Chiang Rai District|Mueang Chiang Rai]]
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_name4 = 
| established_title = City municipality
| established_date = 13 February 2004<ref name=CIA>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111110203624/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/0E/00138744.PDF],"ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง เปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะเทศบาลเมืองเป็นเทศบาลนคร"</ref>
| established_title2 = 
| established_date2 =
| established_title3 = 
| established_date3 = 
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = [[Thesaban#City-municipality|City municipality]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Wanchai Chongsutthamani
| leader_title1 = Vice Mayor
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric 
| area_footnotes =
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 60.85
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_km2 = 
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_blank1_sq_mi = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m = 390
| elevation_ft = 
| population_total = 69888
| population_as_of = 2012
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_density_urban_sq_mi =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_blank1_title =
| population_blank1 =
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 
| population_blank2_title =
| population_blank2 =
| population_note =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Thailand|Postal code]]
| postal_code = 57000
| area_code = (+66) 53
| website = {{URL|chiangraicity.go.th}}
| footnotes =
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Thailand|Area code]]
| geocode = 5100
| pushpin_label = Chiang Rai
| founder = [[Mangrai|King Mangrai]]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 =
| leader_name4 =
| timezone = [[Time in Thailand|ICT]]
| utc_offset = +7
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| blank_name = Airport
| blank_info = [[Chiang Rai International Airport]] [[Old Chiang Rai Airport]]
| blank1_name =
| blank1_info =
| parts_type = Subdistricts
| parts = 4
| p1 = [[Wiang Subdistrict, Mueang Chiang Rai|Wiang]]
| p2 = [[Rop Wiang]]
| p3 = [[Rim Kok]]
| p4 = [[San Sai, Mueang Chiang Rai|San Sai]]
}}
{{Contains special characters|Lanna}}
'''Chiang Rai''' ({{langx|th|เชียงราย}}, {{IPA|th|tɕʰīaŋ rāːj|pron}}; {{langx|nod|{{Script|Lana|ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ}}}}, {{IPA|nod|tɕīaŋ hāːj|pron}}) is the northernmost major city in [[Thailand]], with a population of about 70,000 people. It is located in [[Mueang Chiang Rai District]], [[Chiang Rai Province]]. Chiang Rai was established as a capital city in the reign of [[Mangrai|King Mangrai]], in 1262 CE. Chiang Rai is recognized as a "[[Design Cities (UNESCO)|Design City]]" by [[UNESCO]]'s [[Creative Cities Network]].

{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = Lanna- Thai Chiang Rai.svg
| picsize = 160px
| piccap = "Chiang Rai" in [[Thai language]] (top) and [[Northern Thai language|Northern Thai]] with [[Tai Tham script]] (bottom)
| tha = เชียงราย
| rtgs = Chiang Rai
| lang1 = [[Northern Thai language|Northern Thai]]
| lang1_content = {{Script|Lana|ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ}} เจียงฮาย {{IPA|[tɕīaŋ hāːj]}}
}}

==History==
[[Image:SaDuMuangChiangRai.jpg|right|thumb|Sadue Mueang, ''omphalos'' of the city]]
The city was founded by [[Mangrai|King Mangrai]] in 1262<ref name=Coedes>{{cite book|last= Coedès|first= George|author-link= George Coedès|editor= Walter F. Vella|others= trans. Susan Brown Cowing|title= The Indianized States of south-east Asia|year= 1968|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|isbn= 978-0-8248-0368-1}}</ref>{{rp|208}} and became the capital of the Mangrai Dynasty. The word 'Chiang' means 'city' in [[Thai language|Thai]], so Chiang Rai would mean 'the City of (Mang) [[Mangrai|Rai]]'. Subsequently, Chiang Rai was conquered by [[Myanmar|Burma]] and remained under Burmese rule for several hundred years. It was not until 1786 that Chiang Rai became a [[Siam]] vassal. Siam (later Thailand) annexed the Kingdom of Chiang Mai in 1893 as a [[Monthon]], which Chiang Rai joined later in 1910. It's not before 1933 that Chiang Rai became a full province of Thailand.

In 1432, during the reign of King Sam Fang Kaen of the Mangrai Dynasty (1402–1441), the Phra Kaeo, or [[Emerald Buddha]], the most revered [[Buddharupa|Buddha statue]], was discovered in Chiang Rai when an earthquake split the [[stupa|chedi]] at Wat Phra Kaeo of Chiang Rai city. The jade figure was then seen concealed within. Another telling of the story has the "Emerald Buddha" hastily covered in mud just before marauders entered to pillage. Many years later, the clunky-looking mud Buddha was found to actually house a magnificent jade statue, perhaps by way of the earthquake mentioned above—which caused a piece of the clay to break off—revealing the jade beneath.

In 1992, the [[Lak Mueang|city pillar]] was moved from Wat Klang Wiang to [[Wat Phra That Doi Chom Thong]], where it is known as Sadue Mueang ({{langx|th|สะดือเมือง}}), the "navel" or ''[[omphalos]]'' of the city.

==Geography==
Chiang Rai lies on the flat [[alluvial plain]] of the [[Kok River]], a tributary of the Mekong, between the [[Daen Lao Range]] in the north and the [[Phi Pan Nam Range]] in the south. The Kok River runs along Chiang Rai's north side, flowing eastwards out of Burma at [[Tha Ton]](ท่าตอม) town, bending north-eastwards and joining the Mekong River about {{convert|40|km}} north-east of the city. The [[Lao River, Thailand|Lao River]], a tributary of the Kok, flows south of Chiang Rai.

There are four bridges spanning the Kok River within the town's boundaries, each running south–north. Most of the terrain surrounding Chiang Rai town is either flat or has moderate hills. The exception is outward in the west and north-west directions, where limestone hills are evident, some of which have vertical exposed cliffs. That is also the direction where most of the region's [[Hill tribe (Thailand)|hill tribe]] people have their villages, further afield.

The city is {{convert|860|km}} north of [[Bangkok]], about {{convert|200|km}} north-east of [[Chiang Mai]], {{convert|62|km}} south of [[Mae Sai District|Mae Sai]] and the [[Burma|Burmese]] border; {{convert|60|km}} south-west of the town of [[Chiang Saen]] on the [[Mekong River]] across from [[Laos]]; and {{convert|90|km}} north of [[Phayao]] town. The [[Golden Triangle (south-east Asia)|Golden Triangle]], the [[tripoint]] of the Thailand, Laos and Myanmar borders, is {{convert|55|km}} north-east of the city.

==Climate==
Chiang Rai has a [[tropical wet and dry climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Aw''). Winters are fairly dry and warm. Temperatures rise until April, which is hot with the average daily maximum at {{convert|34.5|°C|°F}}. The [[monsoon]] season runs from late April through October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm.
Snow has been first recorded in 1955.

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Chiang Rai (1991–2020, extremes 1951-present)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
|collapsed =
| Jan record high C = 34.3
| Feb record high C = 37.0
| Mar record high C = 39.3
| Apr record high C = 41.3
| May record high C = 42.0
| Jun record high C = 39.6
| Jul record high C = 38.5
| Aug record high C = 35.6
| Sep record high C = 35.0
| Oct record high C = 34.6
| Nov record high C = 34.9
| Dec record high C = 33.5
| year record high C = 42.0
| Jan high C = 28.6
| Feb high C = 31.3
| Mar high C = 33.7
| Apr high C = 34.7
| May high C = 33.5
| Jun high C = 32.5
| Jul high C = 31.3
| Aug high C = 30.9
| Sep high C = 31.4
| Oct high C = 30.9
| Nov high C = 29.6
| Dec high C = 27.8
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 20.2
| Feb mean C = 21.9
| Mar mean C = 24.8
| Apr mean C = 27.2
| May mean C = 27.5
| Jun mean C = 27.5
| Jul mean C = 26.9
| Aug mean C = 26.6
| Sep mean C = 26.5
| Oct mean C = 25.4
| Nov mean C = 22.9
| Dec mean C = 20.2
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 13.8
| Feb low C = 14.5
| Mar low C = 17.5
| Apr low C = 21.1
| May low C = 23.0
| Jun low C = 24.0
| Jul low C = 23.9
| Aug low C = 23.7
| Sep low C = 23.1
| Oct low C = 21.5
| Nov low C = 17.9
| Dec low C = 14.7
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = 1.5
| Feb record low C = 6.5
| Mar record low C = 7.6
| Apr record low C = 14.7
| May record low C = 17.1
| Jun record low C = 20.6
| Jul record low C = 20.6
| Aug record low C = 20.7
| Sep record low C = 17.0
| Oct record low C = 12.7
| Nov record low C = 5.0
| Dec record low C = 1.5
| year record low C = 1.5
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 16.5
| Feb precipitation mm = 12.7
| Mar precipitation mm = 34.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 92.6
| May precipitation mm = 226.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 186.2
| Jul precipitation mm = 317.6
| Aug precipitation mm = 372.9
| Sep precipitation mm = 275.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 123.5
| Nov precipitation mm = 44.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 20.6
| year precipitation mm = 1723.4
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 1.5
| Feb precipitation days = 1.2
| Mar precipitation days = 2.9
| Apr precipitation days = 7.9
| May precipitation days = 14.5
| Jun precipitation days = 14.6
| Jul precipitation days = 19.6
| Aug precipitation days = 20.5
| Sep precipitation days = 14.7
| Oct precipitation days = 8.3
| Nov precipitation days = 3.5
| Dec precipitation days = 1.9
| year precipitation days = 111.1
| Jan humidity = 74.4
| Feb humidity = 67.2
| Mar humidity = 64.2
| Apr humidity = 67.2
| May humidity = 74.7
| Jun humidity = 78.8
| Jul humidity = 82.1
| Aug humidity = 84.1
| Sep humidity = 82.9
| Oct humidity = 80.9
| Nov humidity = 78.2
| Dec humidity = 76.5
| year humidity = 75.9
| Jan dew point C = 14.7
| Feb dew point C = 14.5
| Mar dew point C = 16.4
| Apr dew point C = 19.7
| May dew point C = 22.0
| Jun dew point C = 23.2
| Jul dew point C = 23.4
| Aug dew point C = 23.5
| Sep dew point C = 23.1
| Oct dew point C = 21.6
| Nov dew point C = 18.4
| Dec dew point C = 15.4
| year dew point C = 19.7
| Jan sun = 248.6
| Feb sun = 242.7
| Mar sun = 243.7
| Apr sun = 245.8
| May sun = 216.2
| Jun sun = 158.9
| Jul sun = 123.2
| Aug sun = 126.0
| Sep sun = 163.3
| Oct sun = 197.8
| Nov sun = 224.4
| Dec sun = 222.2
| year sun = 2412.6
|Jand sun = 8.8
|Febd sun = 9.1
|Mard sun = 9.5
|Aprd sun = 9.3
|Mayd sun = 6.4
|Jund sun = 5.3
|Juld sun = 3.9
|Augd sun = 3.8
|Sepd sun = 4.8
|Octd sun = 6.4
|Novd sun = 8.3
|Decd sun = 8.1
|yeard sun = 7.0
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]],<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Thailand/CSV/ChiangRai_48303.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 2 August 2023}}</ref> (extremes)<ref name=TMD1>{{cite web
| url = http://climate.tmd.go.th/content/file/75
| title = Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010
| publisher = Thai Meteorological Department
| accessdate = 4 August 2016}}</ref>
| source 2 = Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (daily sun 1981–2010)<ref name=RID>{{cite web
| url = http://water.rid.go.th/hwm/cropwater/CWRdata/ETo/ETo_PenMon_2554.pdf
| title = ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)
| publisher = Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department
| page = 11
| language = th
| access-date = 31 July 2016}}</ref>}}

{{Climate chart
|Chiang Rai
|13|28|16
|14|31|12
|17|33|33
|20|34|91
|22|33|225
|23|32|186
|23|31|317
|23|31|372
|23|31|275
|21|30|123
|17|29|44
|14|27|20
|source =[[Thai Meteorological Department]]<ref name="TMD" >{{cite web
|title=www.tmd.go.th/province_stat.php?StationNumber=48303
|url=http://www.tmd.go.th/province_stat.php?StationNumber=48303
|access-date=2012-01-09
|archive-date=2014-08-05
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805183722/http://www.tmd.go.th/province_stat.php?StationNumber=48303
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
|accessdate= Jan 2012
|float=right
}}

==Demographics==
According to the Thai [[National Statistical Office (Thailand)|National Statistical Office]], as of September 2010, Chiang Rai municipal district had a population of 199,699. With the spread of the city extending into neighboring districts, the metropolitan area is considered somewhat larger by local residents. Chiang Rai city is the capital city and business center of the Chiang Rai Province, home to 1.1 million residents.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}}

A significant share—12.5 percent—of the population are of [[Hill tribe (Thailand)|hill tribes]] descent. "Hill tribes" is a collective term for the minority ethnic groups in north Thailand such as the [[Karen people|Karen]], [[Akha people|Akha]], [[Lisu people|Lisu]], [[Miao people|Miao]], and [[Hmong people|Hmong]].

==Government==


Chiang Rai City is the capital of [[Chiang Rai Province]].

The [[city hall]] {{Coord|19|54.805|N|99|49.615|E|type:landmark}} houses the provincial offices. The [[thesaban]] houses the municipal offices {{Coord|19|54|34|N|99|49|39|E|type:landmark}}.

==Buddhist temples==

* [[Wat Phra That Doi Chom Thong]], {{Coord|19|54.970|N|99|49.365|E|scale:10000}}
* [[Wat Phra Kaeo, Chiang Rai]], {{Coord|19|54.704|N|99|49.647|E|scale:10000}}
* [[Wat Phra Sing, Chiang Rai]], {{Coord|19|54.653|N|99|49.882|E|scale:10000}}
* [[Wat Doi Khao Khwai]], {{Coord|19|52.892|N|99|48.582|E|scale:10000}}
* [[Wat Rong Khun]], {{Coord|19|49.480|N|99|45.800|E|scale:10000}}, a modern temple built since 1998 by Thai artist [[Chalermchai Kositpipat]]
* Chedi Doi Trimoorati, {{Coord|19|57|36.48|N|99|49|14.70|E|scale:10000}}
[[Image:Chiang Rai Clock Tower.JPG|thumb|right|Chiang Rai Clock Tower in Wiang Mueang area]]

==Education==

===Colleges and universities===
* [[Mae Fah Luang University]]
* Chiang Rai Rajabhat University
* Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Rai Campus

===International schools===
* [http://www.cris.ac.th Chiang Rai International School]
* [http://crics.asia/ Chiang Rai International Christian School] {{Coord|19|57.022|N|99|49.893|E|type:landmark}}
* [http://onehope.ac.th/ One Hope International School]

===High schools===
* [[Samakkhi Witthayakhom School]] {{Coord|19|54.314|N|99|49.598|E|type:landmark}}
* Damrongratsongkroh School
*[[Chiang Rai Witthayakhom School]]
* Chiangrai municiplarity school 6
* Chiang Rai International School

===Primary schools===
* PSEP Bilingual School. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033345/http://psec.ac.th/]
* Bansankhong (Chiangraijaroonrat) School {{Coord|19|54.045|N|99|49.671|E|type:landmark}}
* [http://www.pitisuksa.org/ Piti Suksa Montessori School] {{Coord|19|55.400|N|99|49.950|E|type:landmark}}
* [http://www.amecschool.com/ AMEC School, Chiang Rai ] {{Coord|19|50.660|N|99|48.114|E|type:landmark}}

==Hospitals==
In 2018 the survivors of the [[Tham Luang cave rescue]] were brought to Chiang Rai, the nearest large city for hospital care.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/09/world/asia/thailand-cave-rescue-live-updates.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-newsTham|title=Thai Cave Rescue Live Updates: 8th Person Is Out|access-date=2018-07-09|language=en}}</ref>

* Overbrook Hospital (semi-private) Founded in 1903 by Dr. William A. Briggs, as a Missionary hospital.
* [[Kasemrad Sriburin General Hospital]], Private hospital.
* Chiang Rai Prachanukhro Hospital, Public hospital.
* Fort Mengraimaharaj Hospital, Military public hospital.
* Chiang Rai Inter Hospital, Private hospital.
* Bangkok Hospital - Chiang Rai, Private hospital by BDMS chain.

==Transportation==
Route 1 runs from [[Bangkok]] through Chiang Rai to [[Mae Sai District|Mae Sai]] on the [[Burma]] border. Chiang Rai is 839 kilometers from Bangkok, about 14 hours by car or by bus. According to official bus schedules, the bus ride to Chiang Rai from [[Chiang Mai]] takes approximately 3 hours and 30 minutes, All of these times should take into account the rainy season which lasts from about June to late October, this can severely inhibit travel with road sections often completely flooded and even washed out.

Several flights are available to and from Bangkok daily. [[Chiang Rai International Airport]] flight time is about 1 hour and 30 minutes. There are several major operators including Thai Airways, Air Asia, Nok Air.

There is scheduled boat service between Chiang Rai and [[Ban Thaton|Thaton]] in Chiang Mai Province daily. This journey will last about 3–4 hours and is a pleasant alternative to the bus ride through the mountains.

There are currently no rail services to Chiang Rai as the railway line from Bangkok ends at Chiang Mai. Nonetheless, new 323 kilometer-long branch line, from [[Den Chai railway station|Den Chai]] to the Lao border at [[Chiang Khong]] and passing through Chiang Rai, is under construction and is expected to open in 2028.<ref name="tim">{{citation|title=The History of Den Chai–Chiang Khong Dual-Track Railway Project|url=https://www.crbulletin.com/the-history-of-den-chai-chiang-khong-dual-track-railway-project/|date=1 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chiangraitimes.com/news/railway-tunnel-in-chiang-rai/|title=Excavation Begin on 6.2-Kilometer Railway Tunnel in Chiang Rai|publisher=Chiang Rai Times|date=2023-03-06|access-date=2023-06-05}}</ref>

==References==
<references />
Exploring the [https://www.chiangraitimes.com/tourism/attractions-in-chiang-rai-thailand/ Majestic Beauty of Chiang Rai], Thailand

==External links==
{{Portal|Thailand}}
{{commons category|Chiang Rai}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Chiang Rai}}

{{Coord|19|54|34|N|99|49|39|E|type:city_region:TH|display=title}}

{{Chiang Rai}}
{{Metropolitan cities of Thailand}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiang Rai City}}
[[Category:1262 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Populated places in Chiang Rai province]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Thailand]]
[[Category:13th-century establishments in Thailand]]

Chiang Rai - Revision history

49.237.169.121: Fixed population mismatch between introduction and framed info