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{{Short description|Object-oriented scripting language}}
{{notability|date=October 2011}}
{{primarysources|date=April 2024}}

'''CorbaScript''' is an [[object-oriented programming|object-oriented]] [[scripting language]] designed to support interaction with [[Common Object Request Broker Architecture]] ([[CORBA]]) objects. It was developed to provide a flexible scripting environment for both client- and server-side CORBA application development, leveraging dynamic invocation and interface reflection capabilities.

CorbaScript is a dynamic, interpreted language whose syntax resembles that of [[C++]] and [[Java]]. However, it integrates several design elements from dynamic languages such as [[Python (programming language)|Python]] and [[Smalltalk]]. Like those languages, CorbaScript treats all values as objects and supports [[dynamic type checking]] at runtime. Source code is translated into pseudocode executed by a dedicated Virtual Object-Oriented Machine that includes a simple [[garbage collection (computer science)|reference-counting garbage collector]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050422083703/http://corbaweb.lifl.fr/CorbaScript/#Features CorbaScript Features], corbaweb.lifl.fr (archived April 22, 2005)</ref>

==Features==

===Basic scripting===
CorbaScript includes typical scripting features:
* Interpreted execution, suitable for both interactive mode and batch modes.
* Runtime type checking.
* Basic types including [[integer (computer science)|long]], [[double-precision floating-point format|double]], [[boolean]], [[character (computing)|char]], [[string (computer science)|string]], [[array data structure|array]], and [[associative array|dictionary]].
* Control structures such as [[If-then-else|if-else]], [[while loop|while]], do-while, and for-in.
* [[Exception handling]] using throw, try-catch-finally.
* User-defined procedures and modules (reusable script files).
* [[Object-oriented programming]] constructs, including [[class (computer programming)|classes]], [[multiple inheritance]], and [[polymorphism (computer science)|polymorphism]].

The runtime includes a simple garbage collector based on [[reference counting]].

===CORBA integration===
CorbaScript is tightly integrated with [[CORBA]] middleware and provides full access to both the [[Dynamic Invocation Interface]] (DII) and [[Dynamic Skeleton Interface]] (DSI):
* Invocation of any CORBA object via DII, enabling scripting of CORBA clients.
* Implementation of CORBA objects via DSI, allowing servers to be written in CorbaScript.
* Full support for [[Object Management Group|OMG]] [[Interface Definition Language]] (IDL)-defined data types, including complex types such as [[struct (C programming language)|struct]], [[union (computer science)|union]], [[sequence]] and [[array data structure|array]].
* Access to in, out, and inout parameters using the CORBA [[Dynamic Any|DynAny API]].
* Type checking supported via the [[Interface Repository]], with optional caching to improve performance.
* Scripting access to the structure of IDL interfaces for dynamic discovery and [[reflection (computer programming)|reflection]].

===Advanced integration===
CorbaScript also includes additional capabilities beyond basic scripting:
* Dynamic loading of [[C (programming language)|C]] libraries for native code integration.
* Experimental support for interaction with a [[Java virtual machine|Java Virtual Machine]].
* Extensible runtime that allows embedding new functionality in [[C++]].

==Modules==
CorbaScript allows any script to function as an importable module. Some standard modules include:
* LIBC: dynamic access to standard C library functions.
* IO: support for reading/writing binary and text files.
* [[Mathematics|math]]: standard math operations.
* [[POSIX]]: POSIX system calls like system() and fork().
* [[Network socket|socket]]: TCP/IP networking support.
* IOR: simplified storage/retrieval of CORBA object references (IORs).
* NSTools and CosNamingImpl: tools and implementation for managing the CORBA [[Naming service]].
* shell: base class for creating shell programs.
* [[Simple Mail Transfer Protocol|SMTP]]: a basic SMTP implementation.
* [[Unix time|time]]: date and time utilities.

==Demonstrations==
A number of example applications and tools are included in the CorbaScript distribution:
* hello: a basic CORBA client/server "Hello World" application.
* calc: a simple calculator service.
* chat: a chat system implementing [[factory method pattern|factory]] and [[observer pattern|observer design patterns]].
* component: client callback components using implicit connections.
* computer: a distributed prime number service.
* event: [[event-driven programming|event channel]] implementation using the OMG Event Service.
* grid: factory pattern for grid objects.
* ir: navigation through the CORBA Interface Repository.
* linked: demonstration of recursive object invocation.
* naming: integration with the CORBA Naming Service.
* test: argument type and passing mode demonstrations.
* worker: client-server example using [[asynchronous procedure call|deferred (asynchronous) invocations]].
* remote_cssh: scripting engine interface using OMG IDL and shell-based remote invocation.
* process: CORBA object access and factory pattern using [[Uniform Resource Locator|URLs]].

==Examples==

===Hello Example===

The following illustrates how CorbaScript can be used to interact with a CORBA object defined by the following OMG IDL interface:

<syntaxhighlight lang="omg-idl">
interface Hello {
void hello ();
void display (in string message);
};
</syntaxhighlight>

Using CorbaScript, you can invoke operations on a CORBA object implementing this interface:

<syntaxhighlight lang="pycon">
>>> # the `hello` variable refers to a CORBA `Hello` object.
>>> hello = Hello("IOR:....")
>>> # invoking the 'hello' operation
>>> hello.hello()
>>> # invoking the 'display' operation
>>> hello.display("Hello World!")

>>> # obtain the CORBA Naming Service
>>> NS = CORBA.ORB.resolve_initial_references ("NameService")
>>> # resolve a name in the CORBA Naming Service
>>> object = NS.resolve(CosNaming.Name(CosNaming.NameComponent("anHelloObject","")))

>>> # easier syntax with automatic sequence conversion
>>> object = NS.resolve ([["anHelloObject",""]])

>>> # invoke operations on the resolved object
>>> object.display("Hello World!")
</syntaxhighlight>

CorbaScript allows for easy and intuitive invocation of CORBA objects.

===Implementing CORBA objects in CorbaScript===

The following example demonstrates implementing the `Hello` interface in CorbaScript:

<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
# define a script class implementing the Hello interface
class HelloImpl
{
# constructor
proc __HelloImpl__(self) {}

# implementation of the `hello` operation
proc hello (self) {
println ("The OMG IDL `hello` operation is invoked.")
}

# implementation of the `display` operation
proc display (self, message) {
println (message)
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="pycon">
>>> # create an instance
>>> hello = HelloImpl()

>>> # local invocation
>>> hello.hello()
The OMG IDL `hello` operation is invoked.

>>> hello.display("Hello World!")
Hello World!

>>> # connect to CORBA and specify implemented interface
>>> CORBA.ORB.connect(hello, Hello)

>>> # register the object in the CORBA Naming Service
>>> NS = CORBA.ORB.resolve_initial_references ("NameService")
>>> NS.bind ([["anHelloObject",""]], hello._this)
</syntaxhighlight>

This example demonstrates how CorbaScript simplifies both the invocation and implementation of CORBA objects. Additional examples, such as a CORBA Naming Service shell and a CORBA CosNaming implementation, are provided in the CorbaScript distribution.

==Availability==
The CorbaScript interpreter is implemented in [[C++]] and is available on most major [[Unix]]-based systems as well as on [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050422083703/http://corbaweb.lifl.fr/CorbaScript/ The CorbaScript Language (archived)]
* [http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?orbos/98-12-08 CORBA Scripting joint revised submission]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010512143952/http://www.itworld.com/AppDev/4061/UIR010502regex1/pfindex.html Regular Expressions: Manage CORBA with scripting] – ITworld
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040108071216/http://corbaweb.lifl.fr/papers/ebi.pdf IDLScript/CorbaScript Tutorial] by [[Christophe Gransart]]

[[Category:Object-oriented programming languages]]
[[Category:Scripting languages]]
[[Category:Common Object Request Broker Architecture]]
[[Category:Programming languages]]

{{Compu-lang-stub}}

CorbaScript - Revision history

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