imported>JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Automotive businesspeople to :Category:Businesspeople in the automotive industry per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy

2025-10-22T23:55:50Z

Moving Category:Automotive businesspeople to Category:Businesspeople in the automotive industry per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy

New page

{{Short description|Austrian-German automobile designer}}
{{other people|Ferdinand Porsche}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2021}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche
| image = Ferry Porsche.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche
| birth_date = {{birth date|1909|09|19|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Wiener Neustadt]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1998|03|27|1909|09|19|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Zell am See]], Austria
| other_names = Ferry Porsche
| known_for =
| occupation = [[Porsche AG]] designer and [[Chief Executive Officer]]
| nationality = Austrian and German
| father = [[Ferdinand Porsche]] Sr.
| mother = Aloisia Johanna Kaes
| spouse = Dorothea Reitz (1935–1985)
|children = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ferdinand Alexander Porsche]]
* Gerhard Porsche
* Hans-Peter Porsche
* [[Wolfgang Porsche]]}}
| relatives = {{Plainlist|
* [[Louise Piëch]] (sister)
* [[Ferdinand Piëch]] (nephew)}}
| family = [[Porsche–Piëch family|Porsche–Piëch]]
}}

'''Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche''' (19 September 1909 – 27 March 1998),<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chapman |first1=Giles |title=Obituary: Ferdinand Porsche |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-ferdinand-porsche-1153571.html |access-date=26 October 2019 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=31 March 1998}}</ref> mainly known as '''Ferry Porsche''', was an Austrian-German [[Design engineer|technical automobile designer]] and [[automaker]]-[[entrepreneur]]. He operated [[Porsche|Porsche AG]] in [[Stuttgart]], Germany. His father, [[Ferdinand Porsche]] Sr., was also a renowned automobile engineer and founder of both [[Volkswagen]] and Porsche. His nephew, [[Ferdinand Piëch]], was the longtime chairman of [[Volkswagen Group]], and his son, [[Ferdinand Alexander Porsche]], was involved in the design of the [[Porsche 911]].

Ferry Porsche's life was intimately connected with that of his father, Ferdinand Porsche Sr., who began sharing his knowledge of mechanical engineering already in his childhood. With his father he opened a bureau of automobile design, in Stuttgart in 1931.

The [[Volkswagen Beetle]] was designed by Ferdinand Porsche Sr. and a team of engineers, including Ferry Porsche.

After [[World War II]], while his father remained imprisoned in France being accused of [[war crimes]], Ferry Porsche ran their company. Aided by the postwar Volkswagen enterprise, he created the first cars that were uniquely associated with the company. Despite the political-economical adversities of the postwar years, the company manufactured automobiles and, eventually, became a major sports car manufacturer.

==Early life==
Ferdinand Porsche Sr. was chief designer at [[Austro-Daimler]] in Austria. His designs were focused on compact street cars and race cars. Austro-Daimler was so strongly tied to the local [[Royal family|royalty]] that the Austrian double-headed eagle became the trademark of the company. The day Ferry Porsche was born, his father was competing with one of his race cars (called the Maja) at [[Semmering, Austria|Semmering]], finishing first in his class. He found out about his son's birth by telegram.<ref>[http://www.caradisiac.com/php/voitures_collection/portraits/geants/ferry_porsche.php Ferdinand "Ferry" Porsche: le plus grand des petits constructeurs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829024622/http://www.caradisiac.com/php/voitures_collection/portraits/geants/ferry_porsche.php |date=2007-08-29 }}</ref>

Ferry Porsche's mother was [[Aloisia Johanna Kaes]]. He had an older sister, [[Louise Piëch]], who was five years his senior. He was baptized Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche, with the name Ferdinand after his father, the name Anton after his grandfather, and the name Ernst after his uncle on his mother's side. Early in his childhood he picked up the nickname "Ferry" rather than the usual nickname "Ferdy", as Ferdy reminded his parents too much of a typical [[coachman]] nickname — a profession that, coincidentally, was made obsolete by the family's work.

During the following years, the family moved around a lot. He and his father spent much time together in workshops where he began early to learn about mechanical engineering. They also used to tour around [[Europe]] and the [[United States|United States of America]], where they raced the cars they designed.

Ferry remarked later, "...cars were my greatest passion from the very beginning.".<ref>{{ISBN|0-385-05309-6}} "We at Porsche, The Autobiography of Dr. Ing. Ferry Porsche with John Bentley"</ref> For example, on [[Christmas|Christmas Eve]] of 1920, Ferry Porsche was originally misled by his parents, who first presented him with a miniature [[Coach (vehicle)|coach]] pulled by a [[goat]], while his real present was a petrol-driven miniature car with a [[four-stroke engine|four-stroke]], two-[[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] engine specially designed by his father. Ferry Porsche learned to drive when he was only 10 years old. At age 12 he drove a real race car, the [[Austro-Daimler Sascha]], which had just won its class at [[Targa Florio]], [[Sicily]], in 1922.

Ferry Porsche attended school at [[Wiener Neustadt]] and Stuttgart, concentrating on [[mathematics]].

==Move to Stuttgart==
In 1923, the family moved to [[Stuttgart]], due to senior Ferdinand Porsche's unrest about the poor financial condition of Austro-Daimler. He joined the [[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft]] at Stuttgart-[[Untertürkheim]] (where the design department from the whole company was concentrated). Soon, he achieved the position of technical director.

Meanwhile, Ferry Porsche received consent from the company to stay at the plant together with his father because of his increasing interest in design issues. The local town authorities endorsed a special permission for him to drive, even at 16 years of age.

Ferdinand Porsche senior enjoyed success particularly with his racing cars which excelled at the race tracks. His personal preference for designing [[compact cars]] differed with the current policies of (now merged) [[Daimler-Benz]], who were in favor of more luxurious [[Mercedes-Benz]] models.

So, in 1929, Daimler-Benz began to question Porsche's work seriously and halted it suddenly. He worked temporarily as the technical director of [[Steyr automobile|Steyr AG]] in Austria; nonetheless, he soon decided to open a consulting office of automobile design, again at Stuttgart.

At the same time, after finishing school, Ferry Porsche was residing at Stuttgart where he began working for [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch Company]] in 1928; this was to add depth to his interest in automobile engineering. In 1930, he was taking additional lessons in [[physics]] and [[engineering]], however he never formally enrolled in any university.

==Construction Bureau at Stuttgart==
By the 1930s, Stuttgart had already established itself as a center for the German automobile industry. It was thus an ideal location for the new Porsche design company. When Porsche senior opened his offices in April 1931, his son Ferry (then age 21) was by his side. The firm was called "Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche GmbH Konstructionsbüro für Motoren, Fahrzeuge, Luftfahrzeuge und Wasserfahrzeugbau", meaning that Ferdinand Porsche's firm specialized in construction and consultation for engines, automobiles, airplanes, and motorboats. Porsche GmbH was founded in 1931 by Ferdinand Porsche, Dr. [[Anton Piëch]] and [[Adolf Rosenberger]]. While Rosenberger was the financial backer, he also brought technical knowledge and racing skill to the company. Father and son were accompanied by renowned engineers.

During the early 1930s, Germany's economic crisis was at its peak. The country was on the verge of political succession by the [[National Socialist German Workers Party|Nazis]]. In addition to the financial and political crises, Porsche also faced a lack in personnel, limiting the company's prospects initially.

Nevertheless, Porsche soon obtained contracts from important German automotive firms [[Wanderer (car)|Wanderer]], [[Auto Union]], Zwickau, [[Zündapp]] and, starting in 1933, the Nazi government. Some of these projects had historical impact, such as the mid-engine Auto Union ''[[Silver Arrows|Silver Arrow]]'' race cars, designed by Porsche. By that time, a newspaper published that "in the automobile world, the name Porsche deserves a monument."

Ferry Porsche, at the time, managed departments "controlling of testing", "coordinating of the design engineers", and "keeping good relations with clients". In 1935, Ferry married Dorothea Reitz, whom he had first met at [[Daimler-Benz]]. The couple had four children: [[Ferdinand Alexander Porsche|Ferdinand Alexander]] (born 1935), Gerhard (born 1938), Hans-Peter (born 1940), and Wolfgang (born 1943), and remained married until her death.

In 1938, when his father moved to the new [[Volkswagen]] plant at [[Wolfsburg]], Ferry became deputy manager of the [[Stuttgart]] bureau and relocated the design departments to Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen.

===Volkswagen===
Ferdinand Porsche's dream had been to create a small compact car "from scratch", instead of a version derived of an existing [[sedan (car)|sedan]]. The design work began at their [[:de:Villa Porsche (Stuttgart)|familial residence in Stuttgart]] on ''Feuerbacher Weg''. Ferry Porsche had complete access to help his father, intervening on important parts of the project. The work had originally been supported by Zündapp, until backing away soon after due to commercial reasons.

The German government accepted the project on 22 June 1934, interested in producing "an affordable car for the German family". Originally, it was called Porsche (Model) 60 but it was soon officially renamed as the [[KdF-Wagen]] or Volkswagen (people's car). In the family's garage at Stuttgart, three prototypes were built.

In 1939, when the [[Volkswagen]] factory opened in Wolfsburg, Porsche senior became its general manager, along with an officer from the Nazi party.

===Auto Union and Wanderer===
The German government had also decided to promote German race cars at the [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix Motor Racing]] competitions. Therefore, the government had called for a concourse of the [[state-of-the-art]] racers of the time. Daimler-Benz easily won a bid. When Wanderer applied, it was rejected. Wanderer resorted to the Porsche firm.

In 1932, Ferdinand Porsche met with Adolf Hitler personally and their bid was accepted. Ferry Porsche took part in the conception and construction of those race cars, and was also responsible for the general organization of the workshop and the testing of units. In 1933, their first race car was developed with a 4.5 litre V-16 engine and an [[aluminum]] framework.

In 1934, Wanderer and others merged to form [[Auto Union]], and the senior Porsche became the chief designer of their race cars. Both racing teams, Daimler-Benz and Auto Union, were also used for political propaganda by the National Socialists. They overwhelmingly dominated all the competitions of the 1930s. In 1938, Ferdinand Porsche senior left the Auto Union racing team when his contract expired.

==Second World War==
Porsche volunteered to join the [[SS]] on December 17, 1938, later claiming, falsely, that he had been conscripted by Himmler to design the [[Schwimmwagen]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Parker |first1=Danny |title=Hitler's Warrior: The Life and Wars of SS Colonel Jochen Peiper |date=2014 |publisher=Da Capo Press |isbn=9780306824555 |page=202 }}</ref> He would continue to deny having volunteered until his death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/19/opinion/bmw-porsche-nazi-germany-quandt-flick.html|title = Opinion | They Are the Heirs of Nazi Fortunes, and They Aren't Apologizing|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 19 April 2022|last1 = Jong|first1 = David de}}</ref> To avoid the aerial bombings of Stuttgart, Ferry Porsche was forced to bring some of the design departments to Austria, to two locations, [[Gmünd, Carinthia|Gmünd]]/[[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]] and [[Zell am See]], where the family had a farm. Nonetheless, he stayed personally in Stuttgart, managing the business where factories were staffed with slave labor.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/19/opinion/bmw-porsche-nazi-germany-quandt-flick.html|title = Opinion | They Are the Heirs of Nazi Fortunes, and They Aren't Apologizing|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 19 April 2022|last1 = Jong|first1 = David de}}</ref>

Meanwhile, Porsche senior continued on at Wolfsburg, working for the Germans until the end of the war. The production of compact civilian cars at that factory had been halted, to produce small military cars called [[Volkswagen Kübelwagen|Kübelwagen]].

Though, after the end of WWII, the French government requested formally that the Porsche family build a French version of the compact Volkswagen, in November 1945.

A group of French producers, led by Jean Pierre [[Peugeot]], resisted this. During an official appointment at Wolfsburg, both Porsches, father and son, as well as [[Anton Piëch]], a Viennese attorney who was Louise Porsche's husband, were arrested together as criminals of war, on December 15. Without any trial{{Citation needed|date=August 2013}}, a bail of 500,000 [[francs]] was officially asked for each of the Porsches. It could be afforded only for Ferry Porsche who moved then to Austria, in July 1946. His father was taken instead to prison at [[Dijon]].

==Porsche company at Gmünd==
After his release, Ferry Porsche attempted to return to Stuttgart but he was barred by the occupation forces. In consequence, in July 1946 he brought all the structure of the company to Gmünd/Carinthia, Austria.

Together, with his sister Louise, Ferry took over the management of the company. Early on, the workshop was primarily used for automotive repair. Additionally, they commercialized [[pump|water pumps]] and [[lathe]]s.

In time, they obtained two contracts for automobile design. One was for the construction of racecars for the ''[[Cisitalia]]'' racing team. The other was for the design of their own car, which later became known as the Porsche 356.

===Porsche Type 360 - Cisitalia===
As a result of [[Carlo Abarth]]'s mediation, Ferry Porsche inked a contract with [[Piero Dusio]] to produce [[Formula One|Grand Prix racing]] cars again. The new model was called the [[Porsche 360]] Cisitalia, and it was the first to spell out the name of the family's enterprise. Its design was mostly alike to the preceding pre-war ones, despite being smaller. It had a [[supercharger|supercharged]] mid-mounted engine displacing 1.5 liters and [[four-wheel drive]].

===Porsche Type 356===
Following his father's old aspiration, Ferdinand Porsche designed the [[Porsche 356]], with a unique chassis and body while using Volkswagen components. The 356 had an air-cooled, rear-mounted, 4-cylinder engine producing 35 hp. Due to the location of its engine, the car was a little unstable but the balance favored potency and light weight.

An automobile dealer from [[Zürich]] ordered the first shipment in the winter of 1947 and production of the automobile began. Under Ferry Porsche's supervision, the units were built completely by hand at an improvised workshop inside a [[sawmill]] at Gmünd.

By June 1948, 50 aluminum-bodied units had been completely assembled. Additionally, 6 frameworks were sent to the Beutler Company at [[Thun]], Switzerland, where they were fitted with [[Cabriolet (automobile)|cabriolet]] bodies.

Despite its compact size, the car was popular with wealthy customers. If successful, the 356 would mean Porsche's final hop out from performing only designing chores for others. Indeed, surprisingly, the 356 remained in production for many years and by 1965 had sold nearly 78,000 units. Additionally, it laid the framework which was followed by the entirety of the successive series of Porsche's sports cars.

==Ferdinand Sr.'s fate==
During his 20 months of jail time in Dijon, Ferdinand Sr collaborated on designs for [[Renault]] and their later popular [[Renault 4CV|4CV]]. It is speculated that the conditions of his imprisonment contributed to his health decline.

In 1947, Ferry gathered the amount of the stipulated bail, immediately after receiving the early fees for his new designs. His father was then released on 1 August 1947, along with Anton Piëch.

Once in Austria, Ferndinand Sr. reviewed the designs of his son for both projects; the 360 Cisitalia and the 356. He consented with the plans and aided the projects which were in progress. He commented daily to their employees that he "would have done the same designs as Ferry".

As Ferdinand Sr.'s health further declined, Ferry took him to revisit Wolfsburg's plant which was flourishing with the massive production of the [[Volkswagen Beetle]]—which was carried out under supervision of the British occupation. In November 1950, Ferdinand Sr. suffered a stroke which disabled him until his death, on 30 January 1951, aged 75.

==Return to Stuttgart==
In the spring of 1949, the ''general manager'' of Volkswagen, [[Heinz Nordhoff]], approached ''junior'' Ferdinand Porsche and unpacked a massive contract.
For ''Porsche'''s designing services—for example, improving the ''Beetle''—, it specified that ''Volkswagen'' would start providing in exchange:
*a share of the profits from each ''Beetle'' sold
*the raw materials for building the sport ''Porsche''{{'}}s vehicles
*the usage of ''Volkswagen''{{'}}s world structure of retailers
*the usage of ''Volkswagen''{{'}}s world structure for technical service
Also by this agreement, ''junior'' Ferdinand Porsche would become the only dealer of ''Volkswagen'' for all Austria.

In view of this new stabilized situation, ''junior'' Ferdinand Porsche decided to reestablish the headquarters of the ''Porsche'' at Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen. Though, the old original ''Porsche''{{'}}s facilities were occupied by American forces. Nonetheless, he rented some workshops then from the company ''[[Reutter]]'' (which was a constructor of bodies for automobiles). He brought most of his employees and opened in September 1949. Their first work was the development of an engine which was called ''Carrera''.

In 1950, the production of the ''Porsche 356'' resumed. Eventually, it was so successful that, despite being originally planned an annual production of 500, they had already produced 78,000 units by 1967. Ferdinand Porsche's motto was to produce automobiles which had to be ''reliable and of high-quality sports cars, of a high utilitarian value''.

''Porsche''{{'}}s most recognized involvement in car races began at ''[[24 Hours of Le Mans]]'', in June [[1951 24 Hours of Le Mans|1951]], when an improved version of the ''356'' debuted on this track and won in its category. On successive years, ''Porsche''{{'}}s winning contribution to ''Le Mans'' is regarded as fundamental for the own existence of the circuit. Later, in 1959, ''Porsche'' won for first time an event of the ''[[World Sportscar Championship]]'', at ''[[Targa Florio]]'', while a ''[[Porsche 917]]'' would achieve the first ''Le Mans'' win finally in 1970.

===Porsche - Type 911 (1963)===
At the demand of Porsche's fans, the company began planning a successor to the ''356''. The project was originally called ''[[Porsche 901]]''. Ferdinand Alexander Porsche (who was also nicknamed "Butzi") and Ferdinand Porsche's nephew took charge on designing the new model.

The first units were manufactured in 1962. However, [[Peugeot]] pushed legally for a change of the name, due to its registered trademark on automobile names with a ''zero amid two numbers''. The model was renamed ''Porsche 911''. Over time, it has evolved, but still kept the general shape and architecture since the beginning with a rear-mounted high-performance engine. On 11 May 2017, the millionth example was built.

==Porsche plc==
Following his father's death in 1951, Ferry Porsche was the most responsible official of the company, as general manager, the chairman of the [[Board of directors|board of management]]. In 1972, he decided to transform the ''Porsche Company'' (which was a [[limited partnership]]) into a public concern, also by merging all the three enterprises which constituted it:
*''Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche KG'', from Stuttgart
*''VW-Porsche Vertriebsgesellschaft'', from [[Ludwigsburg]]
*''Porsche Konstruktion KG'', from [[Salzburg]]
Additionally, Ferdinand Porsche stepped down from the chairmanship and became honorary chairman of the [[supervisory board]]. In fact, he continued controlling the company as such. He remained in that position until his death in 1998.<ref>[http://biografien.focus.msn.de/templ/te_bio.php?PID=1492&RID=1 Nachrichten, Unterhaltung, Video, Sport, Lifestyle, Finanzen, Auto und mehr bei MSN]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ferdinand Alexander Porsche took his place as general manager.

The enterprise became a [[public limited company]] (plc), the ''Porsche GmbH''. Nevertheless, the two deeply seated families, Porsche and Piëch, assured the possession yet of most of the shares. This status has also been kept through the years, until recently.

==Later years==
In 1989, Ferdinand Porsche retired definitively from involvement with the company he created, returning to his cherished Austrian farm at [[Zell am See]].

Later, one of his last visited events was the launching of a new model, the Porsche 911 Carrera Cabriolet. It was based on the old ''356''{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}, with a 300 hp 6-cylinder air-cooled engine.

He also assisted in the large celebration of the 30 years of the Porsche 911 which took place at Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg. Despite being in an unhealthy condition, he signed autographs and drove through a street of 500 911s. He supported himself with a cane and was wearing a straw hat.

Ferdinand Porsche died 74 days short of the 50th anniversary of the company, at the age of 88, on 27 March 1998, at the farm in Zell am See, Austria. He was buried there at the [[Schüttgut church]], beside his parents, his wife Dorothea and Anton Piëch. Porsche AG conducted a memorial service soon after in Stuttgart.

==Recognitions==
*1959. ''Grand Cross for Distinguished Service'', from the Federal Republic of Germany. It was presented by President [[Theodor Heuss]].
*1965. ''Honorary doctorate'', from the [[Vienna Technical College]].
*1965. ''Honorary doctorate'', from the [[University of Stuttgart]].
*1984. ''Honorary professor'', from the federal state of [[Baden-Württemberg]].
*1975. ''Grand Golden Decoration'', from Austria. It was presented at [[Vienna]].
*1979. ''[[Wilhelm Exner Medal]]''.<ref>Editor, ÖGV. (2015). Wilhelm Exner Medal. Austrian Trade Association. ÖGV. Austria.</ref>
*1979. ''Grand Cross for Distinguished Service'', from the Federal Republic of Germany. It's the highest award for service. It was presented at his 70th birthday, by the chief minister of Baden-Württemberg, [[Lothar Spath]].
*1981. ''Gold Medal'', from the ''Societe des Ingenieurs de L'Automobile''.
*1981. ''Honorary citizenship'' (dubbed "Freedom of the City"), from the town of Zell-am-See, at Austria.
*1984. ''Professor''. It was presented by the chief minister Lothar Späth.
*1985. ''Honorary senator'', from the University of Stuttgart.
*1989. ''Economic Medal for outstanding service to the economy of Baden-Württemberg''. It was presented by the minister of economy of Baden-Württemberg, [[Martin Herzog]].
*1989. ''Citizen's medal'', from the city of Stuttgart.
*1994. ''Honorary citizenship'', from Wiener Neustadt.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last= de Jong |first= David |title= Nazi Billionaires: The Dark History of Germany's Wealthiest Dynasties |publisher= Mariner Books |location= Boston |date= 2022 |type= Hardback |isbn= 9781328497888}}

==External links==
*[http://www.porsche.com/latin-america-es/accessoriesandservice/classic/classic-world/world-tradition/tradition-ferryporsche/ Porsche Enterprise]
*[http://www.autonews.com/files/euroauto/inductees/porsche2005.htm European Automobile Hall of Fame]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060521034704/http://www.autohistory.org/feature_6.html Auto History on-line]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061126090235/http://autoweb.drive.com.au/cms/A_50427/newsarticle.html Auto Web Australia]
*[http://www.solarnavigator.net/inventors/ferdinand_porsche.htm Solar Navigator]

{{Porsche vehicles}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Porsche, Ferry}}
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Wiener Neustadt]]
[[Category:Austrian automobile designers]]
[[Category:Austrian automotive pioneers]]
[[Category:20th-century Austrian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Porsche family|Ferry]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:Formula One team owners]]
[[Category:Porsche people]]
[[Category:Formula One designers]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in the automotive industry]]
[[Category:Austrian motorsport people]]
[[Category:Austrian Nazis]]
[[Category:SS-Untersturmführer]]

Ferry Porsche - Revision history

imported>JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Automotive businesspeople to :Category:Businesspeople in the automotive industry per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy